Editing Telecommunications in Chad

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'''Telecommunications in Chad''' include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.

==Radio and television==

'''[[Radio broadcasting|Radio stations]]:'''
* state-owned radio network, [[Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne]] (RNT), operates national and regional stations; about 10 private radio stations; some stations rebroadcast programs from international broadcasters (2007);<ref name=CIAWFB-Chad-2014>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chad/ "Communications: Chad"], ''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 28 January 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2014.</ref>
* 2 AM, 4 FM, and 5 shortwave stations (2001).<ref name=CIAWFB-Chad-2007>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chad/ "Communications: Chad"], ''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 19 June 2007. Retrieved 9 February 2014 via the Internet Archive.</ref>

'''[[Receiver (radio)|Radios]]:'''
1.7 million (1997).{{update after|2014|2|10}}

'''[[Television broadcasting|Television stations]]:'''
* 1 state-owned TV station, [[Tele Tchad]] (2007);<ref name=CIAWFB-Chad-2014/>
* 1 station (2001).<ref name=CIAWFB-Chad-2007/>

'''[[Television set]]s:'''
10,000 (1997).{{update after|2014|2|10}}

Radio is the most important medium of mass communication. State-run [[Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne]] operates national and regional radio stations. Around a dozen private radio stations are on the air, despite high licensing fees, some run by religious or other non-profit groups. The [[BBC World Service]] (FM 90.6) and [[Radio France Internationale]] (RFI) broadcast in the capital, [[N'Djamena]]. The only television station, [[Tele Tchad]], is state-owned.<ref name=BBCNews-ChadProfile-2012>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13164689 "Chad profile: Media"], ''BBC News'', 14 August 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2014.</ref><ref name=USDOS-CRHRP-Chad-2012/>

State control of many broadcasting outlets allows few dissenting views.<ref name=BBCNews-ChadProfile-2012/> Journalists are harassed and attacked. On rare occasions journalists are warned in writing by the High Council for Communication to produce more "responsible" journalism or face fines. Some journalists and publishers practice [[self-censorship]]. On 10 October 2012, the High Council on Communications issued a formal warning to La Voix du Paysan, claiming that the station's live broadcast on 30 September incited the public to "insurrection against the government." The station had broadcast a sermon by a bishop who criticized the government for allegedly failing to use oil wealth to benefit the region.<ref name=USDOS-CRHRP-Chad-2012/>

==Telephones==
{{See also |Telephone numbers in Chad}}

'''[[Calling code]]:''' +235<ref name=CIAWFB-Chad-2014/>

'''[[List of international call prefixes|International call prefix]]:''' 00<ref>[http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/opb/sp/T-SP-E.164C-2011-PDF-E.pdf ''Dialing Procedures (International Prefix, National (Trunk) Prefix and National (Significant) Number) (in Accordance with ITY-T Recommendation E.164 (11/2010))''], Annex to ITU Operational Bulletin No. 994-15.XII.2011, International Telecommunication Union (ITU, Geneva), 15 December 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2014.</ref>

'''Main lines:'''
* 29,900 lines in use, 176th in the world (2012);<ref name=CIAWFB-Chad-2014/>
* 13,000 lines in use, 201st in the world (2004).<ref name=CIAWFB-Chad-2007/>

'''Mobile cellular:'''
* 4.2 million lines, 119th in the world (2012);<ref name=CIAWFB-Chad-2014/>
* 210,000 lines, 155th in the world (2005).<ref name=CIAWFB-Chad-2007/>

'''Telephone system:''' inadequate system of [[radiotelephone]] communication stations with high costs and low telephone density; fixed-line connections for less than 1 per 100 persons coupled with mobile-cellular subscribership base of only about 35 per 100 persons (2011).<ref name=CIAWFB-Chad-2014/>

'''[[Communications satellite|Satellite earth stations]]:''' 1 [[Intelsat]] ([[Atlantic Ocean]]) (2011).<ref name=CIAWFB-Chad-2014/>

==Internet==

'''[[Top-level domain]]:''' [[.td]]<ref name=CIAWFB-Chad-2014/>

'''[[List of countries by number of Internet users|Internet users]]:'''
* 230,489 users, 149th in the world; 2.1% of the population, 200th in the world (2012);<ref name=NIUCalc>Calculated using penetration rate and population data from [https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/rank.php "Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329060848/https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/rank.php |date=2017-03-29 }}, Population data, International Programs,  U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved 26 June 2013</ref><ref name=ITU-IndividualsUsingTheInternet>[http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/statistics/2013/Individuals_Internet_2000-2012.xls "Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000-2012"], International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013</ref>
* 168,100 users, 145th in the world (2009);<ref name=CIAWFB-Chad-2014/>
* &nbsp;&nbsp;35,000 users, 167th in the world (2005).<ref name=CIAWFB-Chad-2007/>

'''[[List of countries by number of broadband Internet subscriptions|Fixed broadband]]:''' 18,000 subscriptions, 132nd in the world; 0.2% of the population, 161st in the world (2012).<ref name=NIUCalc/><ref name="FixedBroadbandITUDynamic2012">[http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx "Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"], Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, [[International Telecommunication Union]]. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.</ref>

'''[[List of countries by number of broadband Internet subscriptions|Wireless broadband]]:''' Unknown (2012).<ref name="MobleBroadbandITUDynamic2012">[http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx "Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"], Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, [[International Telecommunication Union]]. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.</ref>

'''[[List of countries by number of Internet hosts|Internet hosts]]:'''
* 6 hosts, 229th in the world (2012);<ref name=CIAWFB-Chad-2014/>
* 9 hosts, 217th in the world (2006).<ref name=CIAWFB-Chad-2007/>

'''[[List of countries by IPv4 address allocation|IPv4]]:''' 4,096 addresses allocated, less than 0.05% of the world total, 0.4 addresses per 1000 people (2012).<ref>[http://www.countryipblocks.net/country-blocks/select-formats/ Select Formats] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513033601/http://www.countryipblocks.net/country-blocks/select-formats/ |date=2009-05-13 }}, Country IP Blocks. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Site is said to be updated daily.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003851/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html Population], [[The World Factbook]], [[United States]] [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Data are mostly for 1 July 2012.</ref>

===Internet censorship and surveillance===
{{See also|Media of Chad|Human rights in Chad}}

There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or credible reports that the government monitors [[e-mail]] or Internet [[chat rooms]].<ref name=USDOS-CRHRP-Chad-2012>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204103 "Chad"], ''Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012'', Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 26 March 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2014.</ref> However, in September 2023 the government has banned Starlink on the country's territory. Illegal use, sale or purchase is punishable by imprisonment or penalty from 100 000 000 to 200 000 000 francs CFA (around 152 000 - €304 000 ).<ref>https://tchadinfos.com/tchad-larcep-declare-illegale-la-detention-et-la-commercialisation-des-terminaux-starlink/</ref>

The constitution provides for [[freedom of opinion]], [[freedom of expression|expression]], and [[freedom of the press|press]], but the government does not always respect these rights. Private individuals are generally free to criticize the government without reprisal, but reporters and publishers risk harassment from authorities when publishing critical articles. The 2010 media law abolished prison sentences for defamation and insult, but prohibits "inciting racial, ethnic, or religious hatred," which is punishable by one to two years in prison and a fine of one to three million CFA francs ($2,000 to $6,000).<ref name=USDOS-CRHRP-Chad-2012/>

==See also==

* [[Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne]], state-operated national radio broadcaster.
* [[Télé Tchad]], state-operated national TV broadcaster.
* [[SotelTchad|Societe des Telecommunications Internationales du Tchad]] (SotelTchad),  telecommunications [[parastatal]] providing landline telephone and Internet services.
* [[List of terrestrial fibre optic cable projects in Africa]]
* [[Media of Chad]]
* [[Economy of Chad]]
* [[Chad]]

==References==

* {{CIA World Factbook |year=2014}}
* {{US DOS |year=2012}}
{{reflist |30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.oafrica.com/ict-policy/chad-goals/ "Chad still on pace for ICT policy goals"], oAfrica, 20 November 2010.

{{Clear}}
{{Africa topic|Telecommunications in}}
{{Telecommunications}}
{{Internet censorship by country}}
{{Economy of Chad}}
{{Chad topics}}

[[Category:Telecommunications in Chad| ]]