Editing Telecommunications in Mozambique

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'''Telecommunications in Mozambique''' include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.

==Radio and television==

* [[Radio broadcasting|Radio stations]]: 
** state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a number of privately owned and community-operated stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007);<ref name=CIAWFB-Mozambique-2014>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mozambique/ "Communications: Mozambique"], ''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 7 January 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2014.</ref>
** AM 13, FM 17, shortwave 11 (2001).
* [[Receiver (radio)|Radios]]: 730,000 (1997).{{update after|2014|1|21}}
* [[Television broadcasting|Television stations]]: 1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available (2007).<ref name=CIAWFB-Mozambique-2014/>
* Televisions: 90,000 (1997).{{update after|2014|1|21}}

==Telephones==

* Main lines: 
** 88,100 lines in use, 148th in the world (2012);<ref name=CIAWFB-Mozambique-2014/>
** 78,300 lines in use (2008).
* Mobile cellular: 
** 8.1 million lines (2012);<ref name=CIAWFB-Mozambique-2014/>
** 4.4 million lines (2008).
* Telephone system:<ref name=CIAWFB-Mozambique-2014/>
** General assessment: a fair telecommunications system that is with a heavy state presence, lack of competition, and high operating costs and charges (2011);
** Domestic: stagnation in the fixed-line network contrasts with rapid growth in the mobile-cellular network; mobile-cellular coverage now includes all the main cities and key roads, including those from [[Maputo]] to the [[South Africa]]n and [[Eswatini]] borders, the national highway through Gaza and Inhambane provinces, the Beira corridor, and from Nampula to Nacala; extremely low fixed-line teledensity; despite significant growth in mobile-cellular services, teledensity remains low at about 35 per 100 persons (2011);
** International: [[calling code]] +258; landing point for the [[EASSy]] and [[SEACOM (African cable system)|SEACOM]] [[List of international submarine communications cables|fiber-optic submarine cable systems]]; [[Communications satellite|Satellite earth stations]] - 5 [[Intelsat]] (2 [[Atlantic Ocean]] and 3 [[Indian Ocean]]) (2011).

==Internet==

* [[Top-level domain]]: [[.mz]]<ref name=CIAWFB-Mozambique-2014/>
* [[Internet exchange]]: [[Mozambique Internet Exchange]] (Moz-Ix).
* [[List of countries by number of Internet users|Internet users]]:
** 1.1 million users, 114th in the world; 4.8% of the population, 188th in the world (2012).<ref name=NIUCalc>Calculated using penetration rate and population data from [https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/rank.php "Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329060848/https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/rank.php |date=2017-03-29 }}, Population data, International Programs, U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved 26 June 2013</ref><ref name=ITU-IndividualsUsingTheInternet>[http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/statistics/2013/Individuals_Internet_2000-2012.xls "Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000-2012"], International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013</ref>
** 613,600, 113th in the world (2009).<ref name=CIAWFB-Mozambique-2014/>
* [[List of countries by number of broadband Internet subscriptions|Fixed broadband]]: 19,753 subscriptions, 129th in the world; 0.1% of the population, 168th in the world (2012).<ref name=NIUCalc/><ref name="FixedBroadbandITUDynamic2012">[http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx "Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"], Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, [[International Telecommunication Union]]. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.</ref>
* [[List of countries by number of broadband Internet subscriptions|Wireless broadband]]: 431,988 subscriptions, 94th in the world; 1.8% of the population, 127th in the world (2012).<ref name="MobleBroadbandITUDynamic2012">[http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx "Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"], Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, [[International Telecommunication Union]]. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.</ref>
* [[List of countries by number of Internet hosts|Internet hosts]]:
** 89,737 hosts, 82nd in the world (2012);<ref name=CIAWFB-Mozambique-2014/> 
** 21,172 (2010).
* [[List of countries by IPv4 address allocation|IPv4]]: 343,296 addresses allocated, less than 0.05% of the world total, 14.6 addresses per 1000 people (2012).<ref>[http://www.countryipblocks.net/country-blocks/select-formats/ Select Formats] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513033601/http://www.countryipblocks.net/country-blocks/select-formats/ |date=2009-05-13 }}, Country IP Blocks. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Site is said to be updated daily.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003851/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html Population], [[The World Factbook]], [[United States]] [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Data are mostly for 1 July 2012.</ref>

Mozambique has a comparatively low Internet penetration rate with only 4.8% of the population having access to the Internet compared to 16% for Africa as a whole.<ref name="ITUKeyITC-2013">[http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/statistics/2012/ITU_Key_2006-2013_ICT_data.xls "Key ICT indicators for developed and developing countries and the world (totals and penetration rates)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606152907/http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/statistics/2012/ITU_Key_2006-2013_ICT_data.xls |date=2013-06-06 }}, International Telecommunication Unions (ITU), Geneva, 27 February 2013</ref>

[[Telecommunication de Mozambique]] (TDM), Mozambique's national fixed-line operator, offers [[ADSL]] Internet access for home and business customers. In early 2014 packages ranged from 512&nbsp;kbit/s with a 6&nbsp;GByte cap for MTN750 (~US$21) to 4&nbsp;Mbit/s with a 43&nbsp;GByte cap for MTN4300 (~US$118).<ref>[http://www.tdm.mz/portdm/tarifas/b_larga/b_larga.htm "Tarifas: Servięos de Dados e Internet"], Telecommunication de Mozambique (TDM).</ref>

The three mobile operators, Movitel, mCel and [[Vodacom]], also offer [[3G]] Internet access.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barton|first=James|title=Connectivity lags in Mozambique but mobile looks strong – R&M|url=https://www.developingtelecoms.com/telecom-business/telecom-trends-forecasts/9576-connectivity-lags-in-mozambique-but-mobile-looks-strong-r-m.html|access-date=2020-06-05|website=Developing Telecoms|date=26 May 2020 |language=en-gb}}</ref>

Mozambique was the first African country to offer broadband wireless services using [[WiMax]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ashford|first=Warwick|date=2006-04-26|title=Mozambique wins WiMax race|url=https://www.itweb.co.za/content/rW1xL75GEeWqRk6m|access-date=2020-06-05|website=ITWeb|language=en-ZA}}</ref>

With the introduction of the [[SEACOM (African cable system)|SEACOM]] [[Submarine communications cable|submarine]] cable in July 2009 and the [[EASSY]] submarine cable in July 2010, Mozambique now has access to less expensive international connectivity and is no longer reliant on [[VSAT]] or neighbor [[Internet in South Africa|South Africa]] for [[Internet transit]] services.{{citation needed |date=January 2014}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lancaster |first=Henry |date=Jun 1, 2022 |title=Mozambique - Telecoms, Mobile and Broadband - Statistics and Analyses |url=https://www.proquest.com/central/docview/2404633626/fulltextPDF/721D5B58464C4EC6PQ/2?accountid=14925&sourcetype=Reports |journal=BuddeComm Reports |via=ProQuest}}</ref>

===Internet censorship and surveillance===

There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet, however, opposition party members report government intelligence agents monitor [[e-mail]].<ref name=USDOS-CRHRP-Mozambique-2012>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204148 "Mozambique"], ''Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012'', Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 22 March 2013. Retrieved 21 January 2014.</ref>

The constitution and law provide for [[freedom of speech]] and the [[freedom of the press|press]], and the government generally respects these rights in practice. Individuals can generally criticize the government publicly or privately without reprisal. Some individuals express a fear that the government monitors their private telephone and e-mail communications. Many journalists practice [[self-censorship]].<ref name=USDOS-CRHRP-Mozambique-2012/>

==See also==

* [[Telephone numbers in Mozambique]]
* [[Televisão de Moçambique]], the government owned national public broadcaster of Mozambique.

== References ==
* {{CIA World Factbook}}
* {{US DOS |year=2012}}
{{reflist |32em}}

{{Clear}}
{{Africa topic|Telecommunications in}}
{{Telecommunications}}
{{Internet censorship by country}}
{{Economy of Mozambique}}

[[Category:Telecommunications in Mozambique| ]]