Editing Termoli

{{refimprove|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox Italian comune
| name                = Termoli
| official_name       = Comune di Termoli
| native_name         = 
| image_skyline       = Termoli xx.jpg
| imagesize           = 
| image_alt           =Ancient Village (Paese Vecchio) 
|image_flag=Flag of Termoli.svg
| image_caption       = Panorama of Termoli
| image_shield        = Termoli-Stemma.svg
| shield_alt          = 
| image_map           = 
| map_alt             = 
| map_caption         = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt     = 
| coordinates         = {{coord|42|0|N|14|59|E|region:IT_type:city(31706)|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| region              = [[Molise]]
| province            = [[province of Campobasso|Campobasso]] (CB)
| frazioni            = 
| mayor_party         = 
| mayor               = Nico Balice<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.comune.termoli.cb.it/amministrazione-comunale.html|title = Amministrazione}}</ref>
| area_footnotes      = 
| area_total_km2      = 55.64
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total    = 32853 
|Note abitanti = [http://demo.istat.it/bilmens/query.php?lingua=ita&Rip=S4&Reg=R14&Pro=P070&Com=78&anno=2021&submit=Tavola Dato Istat] - Popolazione residente al 31 agosto 2021 (dati provvisori).
| population_as_of    = 31 December 2017
| pop_density_footnotes = 
| population_demonym  = Termolesi
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m         = 15
| twin1               = 
| twin1_country       = 
|istat=| saint               = [[Bassus of Lucera|Saint Bassus (Basso)]], [[Saint Timothy]]
| day                 = 3 and 4 August
| postal_code         = 86039
| area_code           = 0875
| website             = {{official website|http://www.comune.termoli.cb.it/}}
| footnotes           = 
}}
'''Termoli''' ([[Neapolitan language|Molisano]]: ''Térmëlë'') is a ''[[comune]]'' (municipality) on the south [[Adriatic coast]] of [[Italy]], in the [[province of Campobasso]], region of [[Molise]]. It has a population of around 32,000, having expanded quickly after [[World War II]], and it is a local resort town known for its beaches and old fortifications. Once it was known only as a fishing port, but in the new millennium it is a favourite resort for Italian families. Termoli contains the only port of the Molise region. There is also a strong competition (especially in the world of sport) with the Campobasso province, in fact some of the "termolesi" (the name of the people that lives in Termoli) like to say that Termoli is province-less ("Termoli senza provincia").

==Geography==

=== Location ===
'''Termoli''' is located in centre-south of Italy, on the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]] Coast of [[Molise]] Region.
The original settlement developed on the promontory where now there's the ancient village, featured by old white and colorful fisherman houses, narrow streets, [[Trabucco|Trabucchi]] on the sea, the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] [[Termoli Cathedral|Cathedral]] (''Duomo''), Castello Svevo (''[[Frederick's Castle of 1200]]'') and high walls.

The centre of the city is developed on the nearby ancient village, here you can find many avenues and streets full of life, especially in summer. On the seafront there are several restaurants, hotels and beaches; out of suburbs there are countrysides cultivated with olive trees and wine.

=== Climate ===
Termoli has a [[Mediterranean climate]] (''CSa'') tending to [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]] (''BSk'') according to Köppen climate classification because precipitation is about 350&nbsp;mm annual with the autumn as wettest season and a minimum in summer (less 20&nbsp;mm in July and August).

Winters are mild but the city may experience windy days because of [[Mistral (wind)|Maestrale]] (''Mistral'') which occasionally can bring snow, even if it is a rare phenomenon that occurs in the whole south Italy. Daily mean is about 10&nbsp;°C (50&nbsp;°F) with a maximum that can reach from 12&nbsp;°C (54&nbsp;°F) to 15&nbsp;°C (59&nbsp;°F), above all in days with winds from south and a minimum of 7&nbsp;°C (46&nbsp;°F).

Summers are long (they lasts 4 months) and quite hot but thanks to winds they are tolerable with an average high that can generally reach 29/30&nbsp;°C (85/86&nbsp;°F); in latest years, as a result of [[African anticyclone,]] temperatures were very high reaching 35/40&nbsp;°C (95/104&nbsp;°F) also due to southern hot winds from [[Africa]].

In July and August nights are considered "''tropicals''" because the average low is about 24&nbsp;°C. Rains are rare but sometimes there can be thunderstorms which doesn't contribute well to the dry situation of summer. 

{{Weather box
 | width       = auto
 | collapsed   = yes
 | metric first = yes
 | single line = yes
 | location    = Termoli (1991–2020)
 | Jan record high C = 24.4
 | Feb record high C = 25.0
 | Mar record high C = 40.0
 | Apr record high C = 29.8
 | May record high C = 34.8
 | Jun record high C = 41.6
 | Jul record high C = 41.6
 | Aug record high C = 40.8
 | Sep record high C = 39.0
 | Oct record high C = 33.0
 | Nov record high C = 28.4
 | Dec record high C = 24.2
 | year record high C = 41.6
 | Jan high C = 11.8
 | Feb high C = 12.3
 | Mar high C = 15.0
 | Apr high C = 17.9
 | May high C = 22.2
 | Jun high C = 26.9
 | Jul high C = 29.4
 | Aug high C = 29.7
 | Sep high C = 25.8
 | Oct high C = 21.5
 | Nov high C = 17.1
 | Dec high C = 13.2
 | year high C = 20.2
 | Jan mean C = 9.1
 | Feb mean C = 9.4
 | Mar mean C = 11.7
 | Apr mean C = 14.7
 | May mean C = 19.0
 | Jun mean C = 23.5
 | Jul mean C = 26.2
 | Aug mean C = 26.4
 | Sep mean C = 22.6
 | Oct mean C = 18.5
 | Nov mean C = 14.3
 | Dec mean C = 10.5
 | year mean C = 17.2
 | Jan low C = 6.8
 | Feb low C = 6.9
 | Mar low C = 9.0
 | Apr low C = 11.8
 | May low C = 16.1
 | Jun low C = 20.5
 | Jul low C = 23.2
 | Aug low C = 23.5
 | Sep low C = 19.6
 | Oct low C = 15.8
 | Nov low C = 11.8
 | Dec low C = 8.2
 | year low C = 14.4
 | Jan record low C = -2.2
 | Feb record low C = -2.8
 | Mar record low C = -0.2
 | Apr record low C = 0.0
 | May record low C = 8.0
 | Jun record low C = 11.8
 | Jul record low C = 13.6
 | Aug record low C = 13.8
 | Sep record low C = 11.4
 | Oct record low C = 6.0
 | Nov record low C = 1.0
 | Dec record low C = -1.0
 | year record low C = -2.8
 | precipitation colour = green
 | Jan precipitation mm = 31.29
 | Feb precipitation mm = 20.67
 | Mar precipitation mm = 23.40
 | Apr precipitation mm = 28.63
 | May precipitation mm = 24.31
 | Jun precipitation mm = 16.84
 | Jul precipitation mm = 19.50
 | Aug precipitation mm = 19.60
 | Sep precipitation mm = 48.38
 | Oct precipitation mm = 45.11
 | Nov precipitation mm = 49.59
 | Dec precipitation mm = 34.37
 | year precipitation mm = 361.69
 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
 | Jan precipitation days = 6.17
 | Feb precipitation days = 5.00
 | Mar precipitation days = 4.67
 | Apr precipitation days = 4.97
 | May precipitation days = 4.47
 | Jun precipitation days = 3.13
 | Jul precipitation days = 2.37
 | Aug precipitation days = 3.03
 | Sep precipitation days = 5.47
 | Oct precipitation days = 6.07
 | Nov precipitation days = 7.30
 | Dec precipitation days = 7.47
 | year precipitation days = 60.12
 | Jan humidity = 76.12
 | Feb humidity = 74.46
 | Mar humidity = 72.99
 | Apr humidity = 74.54
 | May humidity = 75.83
 | Jun humidity = 73.05
 | Jul humidity = 72.09
 | Aug humidity = 72.73
 | Sep humidity = 73.96
 | Oct humidity = 75.71
 | Nov humidity = 76.43
 | Dec humidity = 75.83
 | year humidity = 74.48
 | Jan dew point C = 5.07
 | Feb dew point C = 5.04
 | Mar dew point C = 6.97
 | Apr dew point C = 10.16
 | May dew point C = 14.63
 | Jun dew point C = 18.50
 | Jul dew point C = 20.71
 | Aug dew point C = 21.18
 | Sep dew point C = 17.67
 | Oct dew point C = 14.19
 | Nov dew point C = 10.19
 | Dec dew point C = 6.41
 | year dew point C = 12.56
 | Jan sun = 136.40
 | Feb sun = 155.96
 | Mar sun = 205.53
 | Apr sun = 221.70
 | May sun = 263.50
 | Jun sun = 288.00
 | Jul sun = 323.02
 | Aug sun = 303.18
 | Sep sun = 225.30
 | Oct sun = 186.00
 | Nov sun = 141.90
 | Dec sun = 137.64
 | year sun = 2588.13
 | source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Italy/CSV/Termoli_16232.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Termoli
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = February 3, 2024}}</ref>
}}

==History==
{{Expand section|date=June 2008}}
Human settlements existed in Termoli since pre-historical times, as showed by the presence of ancient [[necropolis]] in contrada Porticone and Difesa Grande, as well as from reconnaissance attestations of [[Roman Villa|ville]] owned by [[Ancient Rome|Roman]]s patricians that had their [[villa]] near the Molisan coast.

The first documentation of today's city dates to the presence of the ancestor of the current cathedral, documented in the 10th century. Termoli was a [[Lombards|Lombard]] county until the arrival of the [[Italo-Normans|Normans]], under which flourished and expanded. Later devastations meant a period of decay which lasted until around 1770, when the local nobles were permitted by the [[Kingdom of Two Sicilies|Kings of Naples]] to build new edifices along the coast and in direction of the countryside.

During [[World War II]] Termoli became the centre of one of the largest tank battles of the [[Italian Campaign (World War II)|Italian campaign]] over the period 2 to 6 October, 1943. On the night of 2/3 October, during [[Operation Devon]], [[British Commandos]] of the [[2nd Special Service Brigade]], which comprised [[No. 3 Commando|No. 3 (Army) Commando]], [[40 Commando|40 (Royal Marine) Commando]] and the [[Special Air Service|Special Raiding Squadron]] landed by sea then cleared the town of most of its German defenders. During the first day these forces set up road blocks around the town and were joined by British infantry advancing across the Biferno river to the south-east. They were unaware that the [[16th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|16th Panzer Division]] was on its way to create a new defensive line. On 4 October British reinforcements arrived by sea and land, but tanks were unable to cross the river until [[Royal Engineers|engineers]] completed a bridge for heavy traffic. On 5 October the panzers attacked, pushing much of the British line back in disarray. At the end of the day they were only a short distance from the town. With the arrival of further reinforcements at the port, the engineers were able to complete the bridge allowing tanks to cross. On 6 October the Germans renewed their attack but it soon stalled and the British, with Canadian tanks from the [[Three Rivers Regiment]] (12<sup>e</sup> Régiment blindé du Canada) in support, counter-attacked. They were successful and by 7 October the Germans were pulling back to their next line of defence.

Termoli is rapidly becoming one of the most important centres in the Molise. The latter region suffered from depopulation in the years after World War II and there has been a migration from the internal hill towns to the coastal resort. Its status as the pre-eminent resort site is now being challenged by [[Campomarino]], about {{convert|5|km|mi|spell=in}} southward.

==Main sights==

===Historical old town===
[[File:Torre Termoli.jpg|thumb|200px|left|The Castle of Termoli]]
The old town has been well restored. It is a genuine walled community jutting out into the sea.  Many of the houses have been re-built and painted in a range of pastel colours. In a central square there is the [[Termoli Cathedral|cathedral]] (12th-13th century), dedicated to St. Mary of the Purification: it is a noteworthy example of Apulian [[Romanesque architecture]] which houses the relics of the city's two patron saints, [[Bassus of Lucera]] (''San Basso'') and [[Saint Timothy|Timothy]]. The upper part of the façade was destroyed by an [[1456 Central Italy earthquakes|earthquake in 1456]], and also suffered from the Turkish sack of the city in 1566. The Baroque additions were eliminated in the restoration of 1930&ndash;69, returning the edifice to its original appearance. Part of a pre-existing basilica, built in the 11th century (over the original, smaller cathedral called ''Ecclesia Sanctae Mater'') but soon destroyed, has been found under the edifice.

The castle is the most pre-eminent structure in Termoli. Erected by count [[Robert I of Loritello]] during the Norman domination (11th century), it was largely renovated during the rule of [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] (1240), after the damage created by an attack of the [[History of the Republic of Venice|Venetian fleet]]. The castle was part of a wider fortification system, including a wall surrounding the entire city, of which only a tower can still be seen.

===Seaside resort===

Termoli's resorts are renowned for the quality of their beaches and the relative purity of their waters.[[File:Termoli Spiaggia di Sant'Antonio.jpg|thumb|Beach in Termoli]]Very few non-Italians come to stay in this area.  Increasingly, the tourists to Molise are from the [[Naples]] and [[Apulia]] regions, to the south of Molise. Recently palm trees have been planted along the seaside promenade, and in the summer the many restaurants are crowded with visitors from surrounding communities.

Within a radius of about {{convert|25|km|mi}} from Termoli travellers can find the hilltowns of [[Larino]], [[Casacalenda]], [[Montorio dei Frentani|Montorio]], and [[Montelongo]], which preserve a rural way of life which is disappearing in other, more developed, parts of Italy.

===Port and fishing===
[[File:Termoli trabucco.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Trabucco]] in Termoli]]

Termoli continues to be a port and a fishing town.  A distinguishing feature of the old town are the ''[[trabucco|trabucchi]]'', wooden structures for fishing without the use of boats.

Ferries run from Termoli to the [[Tremiti Islands]] archipelago in the Adriatic Sea.
[[File:Termoli pier.jpg|thumb|Trabucco]]

==Culture==

Termoli hosts several cultural events.

The [[Kimera Film Festival]] was established in 2003. Starting from 2008, the public selection of the short movies is held in Termoli, from February to April of every year.

Termoli was also the location of the "Come Inside"<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCBWQeXWf4w "Come Inside"]</ref> video by Jamaican dancehall artist [[Spice (musician)|Spice]].

Just like the neighboring settlements, Termoli has a [[Arbëreshë people|Abrëshe]] population.

==Twin towns and sister cities==
Termoli is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:

* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Chorzów]], [[Poland]]
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Pompano Beach, Florida|Pompano Beach]], [[Florida]]

==See also==
* [[Molise Croats]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage}}

{{Province of Campobasso}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Termoli| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Molise]]