Editing Ternate

{{Short description|City in North Maluku, Indonesia}}

{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Ternate
| official_name            = City of Ternate<br />{{nobold|''Kota Ternate''}}
| nickname                 = 
| motto                    = ''Maku Gawene''<br >(Love Each Other)
| settlement_type          = [[List of regencies and cities of Indonesia|City]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image|border= infobox|total_width= 250|image_style = border:1;
|perrow        = 1/2/1
|image1=Ternate in sight.jpg
|caption1={{center|Aerial view of Ternate}}
|image2=Ternate, Keraton.jpg
|caption2={{center|Former [[Sultanate of Ternate|Sultan]] palace}}
|image3=Land_Mark_Ternate.jpg
|caption3={{center|Landmark of Ternate}}
|image4=Benteng Oranje, Ternate 11.jpg
|caption4={{center|Fort Oranje}}
}}
| image_flag               = 
| image_seal               = 
| image_shield             = Lambang Kota Ternate.png
| image_map                = 82.71.00_MalukuUtara_Ternate.svg
| mapsize                  = 
| map_caption              = Location within [[Maluku Islands]]
| pushpin_map              = Indonesia_North_Maluku#Indonesia_Halmahera#Indonesia
| pushpin_label_position   = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location in [[Maluku Islands|Maluku]], [[Halmahera]] and [[Indonesia]]
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|Indonesia}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[Regions of Indonesia|Region]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Maluku Islands]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Province]]
| subdivision_name2        = {{flag|North Maluku}} 
| government_type          = 
| leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name              = [[Tauhid Suleiman]] ([[NasDem Party|NasDem]])
| leader_title1            = [[Vice Mayor]]
| leader_name1             = [[Jasri Usman]]
| leader_title2 = [[Regional House of Representatives|Legislature]]
| leader_name2 = Ternate City Regional House of Representatives
| established_title        = Settled
| established_date         = C. 13th century
| established_title2       = [[Fort Kastela|Established]]
| established_date2        = 15 February 1523
| established_title3       = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date3        = 
| area_magnitude           = 
| area_footnotes           = <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik">{{Cite web|url=https://ternatekota.bps.go.id/publication/2018/08/16/380c397a43f56eb87bdc0f5d/kota-ternate-dalam-angka-2018.html|title=Badan Pusat Statistik|website=ternatekota.bps.go.id|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref>
| area_total_km2           = 
| area_total_sq_mi         = 
| area_land_km2            = 162.20
| area_land_sq_mi          = 
| area_water_km2           = 5547.55
| area_water_sq_mi         = 
| area_water_percent       = 
| area_urban_km2           = 
| area_urban_sq_mi         = 
| area_metro_km2           = 
| area_metro_sq_mi         = 
| population_as_of         = mid 2024 estimate
| population_note          = <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kota Ternate Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8271)</ref>
| population_total         = 210836
| population_density_km2   = 1300
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| population_metro         = 
| population_density_metro_km2 = 
| population_density_metro_mi2 = 
| population_urban         = 
| population_density_urban_km2 = 
| population_density_urban_mi2 = 
| timezone                 = [[Time in Indonesia|Indonesia Eastern Time]]
| utc_offset               = +9
| timezone_DST             = 
| utc_offset_DST           = 
| coordinates              = {{coord|0|46|48|N|127|22|55|E|region:ID|display=title,inline}}
| elevation_m              = 
| elevation_ft             = 
| postal_code_type         = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code              = 
| area_code_type           = [[Telephone numbers in Indonesia|Area code]]
| area_code                = (+62) 921
| blank_name               = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank_info               = {{increase}} 0.800 ({{fontcolor|#007B00|Very High}})
| website                  = {{URL|https://www.ternatekota.go.id/|www.ternatekota.go.id}}
| footnotes                = 
| image_map1               = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250|zoom=8}}{{hidden end}}
}}
'''Ternate''', also known as the '''City of Ternate''', is the 
[[List of regencies and cities of Indonesia|city]] with the largest population in the province of [[North Maluku]] and an island in the [[Maluku Islands]], [[Indonesia]]. It was the ''de facto'' provincial capital of North Maluku before [[Sofifi]] on the nearby coast of [[Halmahera]] became the capital in 2010. It is off the west coast of Halmahera, and is composed of five islands: Ternate, the biggest and main island of the city, and [[Moti Island|Moti]], [[Mount Hiri|Hiri]], Tifure and Mayau (the latter two constitute the [[Batang Dua Islands]], together with the small ofshore islets of Makka, Mano and Gurida). In total, the city has a land area of 162.20 square kilometres and had a total population of 185,705 according to the 2010 census,<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011">Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.</ref> and 205,001 according to the 2020 census,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> with a density of 1,264 people per square kilometre; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 210,836 (comprising 104,128 males and 100,792 females in 2023).<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kota Ternate Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8271)</ref> It is the biggest and most densely populated city in the province, as well as the economic, cultural, and education center of North Maluku, and acts as a hub to neighbouring regions. It was the capital of the [[Sultanate of Ternate]] in the 15th and 16th centuries, and fought against the [[Sultanate of Tidore]] over control of the [[spice trade]] in the [[Maluku Islands|Moluccas]] before becoming a main interest to competing European powers.

==History==
{{See also|Sultanate of Ternate}}

=== Early history ===
Maluku is mentioned in ''[[Nagarakretagama]]''. The term originally denoted the spice-producing islands of North Maluku, of which Ternate became the dominant one. The Ternate Kingdom was previously known as the Kingdom of Gapi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2021-05-01|title=Sejarah Berdirinya Kerajaan Ternate Halaman all|url=https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2021/05/01/172900179/sejarah-berdirinya-kerajaan-ternate|access-date=2021-08-04|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id}}</ref> Moluccan tradition says that there was an exodus of people moving out of [[Halmahera]] around 1250 due to political conflicts.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Citra Daerah Kota Ternate (ANRI)|url=https://www.anri.go.id/download/naskah-sumber-arsip-citra-daerah-kota-ternate-dalam-arsio-1586349829}}</ref><sup>:4</sup> The settlement founded by people from Halmahera was first situated close on the hillside of the [[Gamalama]] mountain and named Tobona. During this time, Tobona was ruled by a tribal chief with the title of ''Momole''.<ref name=":2" /><sup>:4</sup> This period was characterized by several smaller tribal settlements around Gamalama which were founded afterwards, such as [[Foramadiahi]] being established further downhill, while Sampalu, and [[Fort Kastela|Gamlamo]] were founded along the coast. These settlements also had their own ''Momole'' and were nominally independent from each other.<ref name=":2" /><sup>:4</sup>

In 1257, Tobona gathered all the ''Momole'' from other villages for a meeting, who all agreed to choose [[Cico of Ternate|Cico]], the chief of Sampalu village, as the collective ruler of Ternate. Cico may correspond to Kaicil Mashur Malamo, who was the first ruler according to other traditions and was a son of the Arab Jafar Sadik, who is claimed to be the father of the founding kings of Ternate, [[Sultanate of Tidore|Tidore]], [[Sultanate of Bacan|Bacan]] and [[Sultanate of Jailolo|Jailolo]]. This political four-division had a great symbolic role. Cico replaced his title with ''Kolano'', which means "king".<ref name=":2" /><sup>:4</sup> The capital of the kingdom was first in Sampalu village, but moved to Formadiahi during the reign of Kaicil Siale (1284–1298).<ref name=":2" /><sup>:4</sup> Under Kaicil Ngara Malamo (1304–1317), Ternate expanded its influence and conquered neighbouring islands.<ref name=":2" /><sup>:5</sup> Ngara Malamo was succeeded by Patsyarangan Malamo (1317–1322) and later Sidang Arif Malamo (1322–1331). During this time, Ternate started to interact with [[Chinese people|Chinese]] and [[Arab people|Arab]] traders, especially from [[Malacca]] and [[Java]]. Ternate became a major port city and center of the spice trade in the Moluccas region, competing with its rival, Tidore. Some of the foreign traders eventually created the foundations of the Chinese and Arab communities in the city today.<ref name=":2" /><sup>:5</sup>

Around 1322, Arif Malamo initiated the Moti Agreement, which was a result of discussions between the rulers in Moluccas about trade and standardization of government structures. As a result of this agreement, the Moluccas had relatively peaceful times of over the next twenty years and trade flourished.<ref name=":2" /><sup>:6</sup> However, Arif was succeeded by Kaicil Tulu Malamo, who revoked the agreement as he thought it limited his expansionist ambitions. Ternate conquered neighbouring islands like the [[Sula Islands Regency|Sula Islands]] and [[Seram Island]] over the course of the 1400s.<ref name=":2" /><sup>:6</sup>

In the midst of this expansionist era, Ternate officially became an Islamic sultanate during the reign of [[Zainal Abidin of Ternate|Zainal Abidin]] (1468–1500) and supplemented the ''Kolano'' title with that of sultan. It was during this time that a period of [[Islamization]] began. Abidin also changed the traditional Moluccan government structure into a more Islamic one, including the foundation of the ''Jolabe'', a council made up of Islamic clerics that would advise the sultan on religious matters. This structural and titular change was also adopted by Tidore and Bacan.<ref name=":2" /><sup>:7</sup>

=== Colonial era ===
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Ingang van het paleis van de sultan van Ternate TMnr 60018584.jpg|thumb|Gate of the palace of Ternate Sultanate.|left]]
Ternate and [[Tidore]] were the world's major producer of [[clove]]s, from which their rulers became among the wealthiest and most powerful sultans in the Indonesian region. Much of their wealth was used to fight each other. Until the [[Dutch Empire|Dutch]] completed the colonization of Maluku in the 19th century, the sultans of Ternate ruled an empire that periodically claimed at least nominal influence in magnitude as [[Ambon Island|Ambon]], [[Sulawesi]], and [[Papua (Indonesian province)|Papua]].<ref name="travel">{{cite book | last =Witton | first =Patrick | title =Indonesia | publisher =Lonely Planet | year =2003 | location =Melbourne | pages =821–822 | isbn=1-74059-154-2 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Concise History of Islam|last1=Syed|first1=Muzaffar Husain|last2=Akhtar|first2=Syed Saud|last3=Usmani|first3=B D|publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd|year=2011|isbn=9789382573470|pages=332|oclc=868069299}}</ref>

The peak of the Ternate sultanate's power came near the end of the 16th century under Sultan [[Babullah of Ternate|Baabullah]], when it exerted influence over most of the eastern part of Sulawesi, the Ambon and [[Seram Island|Ceram]] area, the [[Banda Islands]], [[Solor Islands]], [[Mindanao]], and parts of Papua. It engaged in a fierce competition for control of its periphery with Tidore. According to historian [[Leonard Andaya]], Ternate's "dualistic" rivalry with Tidore was a dominant theme in the early history of the Maluku Islands.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Historical Atlas of Indonesia|last=Cribb|first=Robert|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=9780203824610|pages=103|oclc=7385581041}}</ref>

As a result of its trade-dependent culture, Ternate was one of the earliest places in the region to which [[Islam]] spread, originating from Java in the late 15th century,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Federspiel|first=Howard M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Qf39DpguysC|title=Sultans, Shamans, and Saints: Islam and Muslims in Southeast Asia|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8248-3052-6|pages=52}}</ref> though Islamic influence in the area can be traced further back to the late 14th century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Azra|first=Azyumardi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ePSkf-DHu5YC&pg=PA26|title=Islam in the Indonesian World: An Account of Institutional Formation|publisher=Mizan Pustaka|year=2006|isbn=978-979-433-430-0|pages=39–40|author-link=Azyumardi Azra}}</ref> The faith was restricted to Ternate's small ruling family before spreading to the rest of the population.<ref name=":1" />[[File:Willem Blaeu00.jpg|thumb|Early map of northern [[Maluku Islands|Maluku]] made during the [[Age of Discovery]]. North is on the right, with Ternate as the rightmost followed by [[Tidore]], Mare, Moti and [[Makian]] islands. The bottom is the Gilolo (Jailolo or [[Halmahera]]) Island. The inset on the top is [[Bacan]] Island. [[Willem Blaeu]], 1630|left]]
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Uitzicht op Ternate TMnr 3728-865.jpg|thumb|Colonial-era painting of Ternate island, c. 1883–1889.]]

The first Europeans to arrive at Ternate were part of the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] expedition of [[Francisco Serrão]] coming from [[Portuguese Malacca|Malacca]]; they were shipwrecked near Ceram and rescued by local residents. Sultan [[Bayan Sirrullah|Abu Lais]] of Ternate heard of their plight and brought them to Ternate in 1512 when he saw a chance to ally himself with a powerful foreign nation. The Portuguese were allowed to build [[Fort Kastela]] on the island.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Portuguese and Luso-Asian legacies in Southeast Asia, 1511-2011|last=Jarnagin|first=Laura|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|year=2012|isbn=9789814345507|location=Singapore|chapter=The fortress of Sao Joao Baptista on Ternate|oclc=864556584}}</ref>

Relations between the Ternateans and Portuguese were strained from the start; an outpost far from Europe generally only attracted the most desperate and avaricious figures. The poor behaviour of the Portuguese combined with feeble attempts at Christianisation strained relations with Ternate's Muslim ruler,<ref name="RICKLEFSp24">{{cite book | last =Ricklefs | first =M.C. | title =A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300, 2nd Edition | publisher =MacMillan | year =1993 | location =London | isbn = 0-333-57689-6 | page =24 }}</ref> as did their efforts to monopolise the spice trade and dominate local politics.<ref name="travel"/> In 1535 King [[Tabariji]] was deposed and sent to [[Goa]] by the Portuguese. He converted to Christianity and changed his name to Dom Manuel. After being declared innocent of the charges against him, he was sent back to reassume his throne, but died en route in Malacca in 1545, though he bequeathed Ambon to his Portuguese godfather Jordão de Freitas.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Cambridge history of Islam|date=1977|publisher=Cambridge University Press|others=Holt, P. M. (Peter Malcolm), Lambton, Ann K. S., 1912-2008,, Lewis, Bernard, 1916-2018|isbn=0-521-29135-6|location=Cambridge [England]|pages=135–136|oclc=958834252}}</ref>

When Sultan [[Hairun]] was murdered and his head displayed on a pike in 1570, the Muslim Ternateans rebelled against the Portuguese who were besieged in their castle. Their captain was Dom Álvaro de Ataíde, and [[:pt:Belchior Vieira de Ternate|Belchior Vieira de Ternate]] distinguished himself in the defense until the garrison was forced to capitulate to Sultan [[Babullah of Ternate|Babullah]] in 1575, who made the castle his palace.<ref name="travel"/> Ambon and Tidore became the new centres for Portuguese activity in Maluku. European power in the region was weak and Ternate became an expanding, fiercely Islamic and anti-Portuguese state under the rule of Babullah (r. 1570–1583) and his son Sultan [[Saidi Berkat]].<ref name="RICKLEFSp25">{{cite book | last =Ricklefs | first =M.C. | title =A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300, 2nd Edition | publisher =MacMillan | year =1993 | location = London | isbn = 0-333-57689-6 | page =25 }}</ref>

In 1579, the sultan entertained the English adventurer and circumnavigator [[Francis Drake]], who had little interest in buying cloves, as his ship, the ''[[Golden Hind]]'', was too full of gold that he had raided from [[Spanish treasure fleet|Spanish treasure ships]] to carry cloves.<ref name="travel"/>[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Lijfwacht van de Sultan van Ternate TMnr 60039372.jpg|thumb|Sultan of Ternate's guard.|left]]As the [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese]] battles in the [[Indian Ocean]] against Muslim powers continued, Ternate became a site of interest, particularly for the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]], who had gained much information about [[maritime Southeast Asia]] from the [[Sultanate of Aceh]]. [[Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis]], the Ottoman admiral, intended to reach both Java, [[Borneo]] and Ternate but was engaged in battle and outnumbered against the Portuguese fleet in [[Sumatra]].

Spanish and Dutch traders competing for control over the lucrative clove trade were caught up in the competition between Ternate and Tidore. The Dutch eventually became the ruling power, though for a long time their influence was limited, and the sultanates are still in place today.<ref name="travel"/> [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] forces captured the former Portuguese fort from the Ternateans in 1606 and deported the Ternate sultan and his entourage to [[Manila]],<ref>{{cite book |author= Peter Borschberg |year= 2015 | title = ''Journal, Memorials and Letters of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge. Security, Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th-Century Southeast Asia''|location= [[Singapore]] |publisher= NUS Press |pages= 82, 84, 126, 421|url= https://www.academia.edu/4302783 |access-date= 30 Aug 2015}}</ref> a city which the Spanish captured from the [[Sultanate of Brunei]] by siding with the subjugated [[Kingdom of Tondo]], the state which Manila displaced when Brunei invaded [[Luzon]]. The Spanish set up Manila as a captaincy-general under the Mexico-based [[Viceroyalty of New Spain]], and Spanish Ternate in turn was ruled under the governor-general based in Manila. In 1607, the Dutch came back to Ternate and built a fort in Malayo with the locals' help.<ref>{{cite book |author= Peter Borschberg |year= 2015 | title = ''Journal, Memorials and Letters of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge. Security, Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th-Century Southeast Asia''|location= [[Singapore]] |publisher= NUS Press |pages= 87, 102, 556|url= https://www.academia.edu/4302783 |access-date= 30 Aug 2015}}</ref> The Spaniards occupied the southern part of the island where they had their main settlement, Ciudad del Rosario.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-06-19|title=Ternate: The Spanish town of Ternate Ciudad del Rosario|url=http://www.colonialvoyage.com/eng/asia/indonesia/moluccas/ternate/spanish_town.html|access-date=2021-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619225119/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/eng/asia/indonesia/moluccas/ternate/spanish_town.html|archive-date=2012-06-19}}</ref>  The island was divided between the two powers: the Spaniards were allied with Tidore and the Dutch with Ternate.
[[File:Ternate Bali Bugis soldiers.jpg|thumb|From left to right: Ternate, [[Bali]] and [[Bugis]] soldiers, European illustration from the 17th century]]
For the Ternatean rulers, the Dutch were a useful, if not particularly welcome, presence that gave them military advantages against Tidore and the Spanish. Ternate expanded its territory and strengthened its control over the periphery particularly under [[Hamza of Ternate|Hamzah]]'s rule (r. 1627–1648). Dutch influence over the kingdom was limited, though Hamzah and his successor, Sultan [[Mandar Syah]] (r. 1648–1675) ceded some regions to the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC) in exchange for helping control rebellions. The Spanish abandoned Ternate and Tidore in 1663; when they abandoned Ternate, some of the people accompanied the Spanish in their retreat to the Philippines; about 200 families of mixed Mexican-Filipino-Spanish and Papuan-Indonesian-Portuguese descent left.<ref>Zamboangueño Chavacano: Philippine Spanish Creole or Filipinized Spanish Creole? By Tyron Judes D. Casumpang (Page 3)</ref> In the Philippines, they settled in [[Ermita]], Manila; San Roque, [[Cavite]]; [[Tanza]], Cavite; and [[Ternate, Cavite]], which they named after their homeland. Some mixed people chose to stay in Ternate, Indonesia, though they were persecuted and went through [[Islamization]] by a resurgent sultanate. In the 18th century, Ternate was the site of a VOC governorship, which attempted to control all trade in the northern Moluccas.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}

By the 19th century, the spice trade had declined substantially, and the region was less central to the Netherlands colonial state, but the Dutch maintained a presence in the region to prevent another colonial power from occupying it. After the VOC was [[Nationalization|nationalised]] by the Dutch government in 1800, Ternate became part of the government of the Moluccas (''Gouvernement der Molukken''). Ternate was [[Invasion of the Spice Islands|captured and occupied]] by the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] in 1810 before being returned to Dutch control in 1817. In 1824, it became the capital of a residency (administrative region) covering Halmahera, the entire west coast of [[New Guinea]], and the central east coast of Sulawesi. By 1867 all of Dutch-occupied [[New Guinea]] had been added to the residency, but its region was gradually transferred to Ambon (Amboina) before being subsumed into it in 1922.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}

=== 20th century–present ===
Like the rest of Indonesia, Ternate was occupied by [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] forces during [[World War II]]; eastern Indonesia was governed by the navy. After Japan surrendered in August 1945 and Indonesia declared independence, Ternate was reoccupied in early November 1945 by Allied forces who intended to return Indonesia to Dutch control. After World War 2, Ternate gained city status on 10 December 1946,<ref name=":2" /><sup>:18</sup> but was demoted to a district on 30 March 1965. It regained its city designation on 11 March 1981.<ref name=":2" /><sup>:19</sup> The sultanate still exists but with no power, and the titular rulers only act as cultural figures.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2021-05-08|title=Raja-Raja Kerajaan Ternate Halaman all|url=https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2021/05/08/200303079/raja-raja-kerajaan-ternate|access-date=2021-08-04|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id}}</ref>

Ternate became part of [[Maluku (Indonesian province)|Maluku]] when Indonesia became independent. There was some violence in Ternate during the [[Maluku sectarian conflict|1998–2000 sectarian conflict]] across the Maluku islands.<ref name="travel"/> After the split of the new North Maluku province, it was assigned as the ''de facto'' capital of the province until 2010, when [[Sofifi]] was chosen. However, Sofifi still lacked infrastructure and city status, and today most activity in the province is still conducted in Ternate.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-24|title=Bermasalah Selama 22 Tahun Jadi Ibu Kota Baru, Persoalan di Sofifi Mau Diselesaikan!|url=https://www.industriproperti.com/daerah/bermasalah-selama-22-tahun-jadi-ibu-kota-baru-persoalan-di-sofifi-mau-diselesaikan/|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Www.IndustriProperti.Com|language=id-ID}}</ref>

==Geography==
Ternate lies in a very active seismic region where volcanic activity and earthquakes are common. Ternate belongs to a group of islands that make up part of the [[Ring of Fire]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30066518|title = Indonesia quake triggers brief tsunami alert|date = 15 November 2014|website = BBC News Asia}}</ref> Ternate is dominated by the [[volcano|volcanic]] Mount [[Gamalama]] (1,715 m). An 1840 eruption destroyed most houses, and additional ones occurred in 1980, 1983, 1994 and 2011.<ref name="travel" /> During the 2011 eruption, Indonesia closed a domestic airport near the volcano for several days following ash emissions that reached {{convert|2,000|m|ft|abbr=off}} into the atmosphere.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.kompas.com/read/2011/12/05/11051576/Indonesia.Closes.Airport.after.Volcano.Erupts |title=Indonesia Closes Airport after Volcano Erupts |date=December 5, 2011}}</ref>

{{Infobox islands
| image_name                    = {{Photomontage
  |photo1a = The Ternate location map.png
  |size = 230
  |position = center
  |spacing = 3
  |color = #FFFFFF
  |border = 0
  }}
| image_caption                 = Location map of villages on the island of Ternate
| image_size                    = 250px
| map_image                     = Halmahera - Ternate - Tidore - Mare - Moti - Makian.png
| map_caption                   = Topographic map of the islands to the left shows (from north to south) the six volcanic islands of Hiri, Ternate, Tidore (with Maitara off its northwest coast), Mare, Moti and Makian; the map to the right shows their location within North Maluku
| native_name                   = Pulau Ternate
| native_name_link              = 
| nickname                      = 
| location                      = Pacific Ocean
| coordinates                   = {{coord|0|48|N|127|20|E|region:ID|display=inline}}
| archipelago                   = [[Maluku Islands|Maluku]]
| total_islands                 = 
| major_islands                 = 
| area_km2                      = 162.20 
| area_footnotes                = <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik">{{Cite web|url=https://ternatekota.bps.go.id/publication/2018/08/16/380c397a43f56eb87bdc0f5d/kota-ternate-dalam-angka-2018.html|title=Badan Pusat Statistik|website=ternatekota.bps.go.id|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref>
| length_mi                     =  
| width_mi                      =  
| highest_mount                 = [[Gamalama]]
| elevation_ft                  = 5,627
| country                       = Indonesia
| country_leader_title          = 
| country_leader_name           = 
| country1_leader_title         = 
| country1_leader_name          = 
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Province]]
| country_admin_divisions       = [[North Maluku]]
| population                    =  201.244
| population_as_of              =  2021<ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2020|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=19 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="TERNATE2020">{{cite web|url= https://ternatekota.bps.go.id/publication/2020/05/20/ccf8e628574810acc6b31794/kota-ternate-dalam-angka-2020.html |last=|first=|title=Kota Ternate Dalam Angka 2020|website=www.ternatekota.bps.go.id|accessdate=31 May 2020}}</ref>
| density_sqmi                      =4695,7
| density_footnotes                 =<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/><ref name="TERNATE2020"/>
| demonym                       = Ternateans 
| additional_info               = 
|timezone1=[[Time in Indonesia|IEST]]
|utc_offset1=+09:00
| website                           = 
}}

The foothills are home to groves of clove trees, and climbs to the peak of the volcano can be made. The airport lies along the northeast coastline. [[Mount Hiri|Hiri]] island is a [[stratovolcano|stratovolcanic cone]] lying off the northern tip of Ternate. [[Moti Island]] is also a stratovolcano, and is situated between [[Tidore]] and [[Mare Island (Indonesia)|Mare Island]]s to the north and [[Makian]] to the south. Crocodile-infested [[Tolire Lake]] lies in the northwest of Ternate island and is bordered by sheer cliffs. Ternate beaches include Sulamadaha in the north, Afetaduma and Jouburiki in the west, and the beach at the village of Kastela in the southeast.<ref name="travel" />

=== Climate ===
Ternate has a [[tropical rainforest climate]] with heavy rainfall year-round.
{{Weather box
|width = auto
| location = Ternate
| metric first = Yes
| single line  = Yes
| Jan high C = 29.4
| Feb high C = 29.5
| Mar high C = 29.4
| Apr high C = 30.2
| May high C = 29.9
| Jun high C = 29.6
| Jul high C = 29.3
| Aug high C = 30.0
| Sep high C = 29.9
| Oct high C = 30.2
| Nov high C = 30.5
| Dec high C = 29.1

| Jan mean C = 25.8
| Feb mean C = 25.9
| Mar mean C = 25.8
| Apr mean C = 26.4
| May mean C = 26.3
| Jun mean C = 26.0
| Jul mean C = 25.8
| Aug mean C = 26.3
| Sep mean C = 25.9
| Oct mean C = 26.0
| Nov mean C = 26.6
| Dec mean C = 25.4
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 22.2
| Feb low C = 22.3
| Mar low C = 22.3
| Apr low C = 22.6
| May low C = 22.7
| Jun low C = 22.5
| Jul low C = 22.3
| Aug low C = 22.6
| Sep low C = 21.9
| Oct low C = 21.9
| Nov low C = 22.7
| Dec low C = 21.8

|rain colour = 
|Jan rain mm = 200
|Feb rain mm = 186
|Mar rain mm = 183
|Apr rain mm = 225
|May rain mm = 244
|Jun rain mm = 210
|Jul rain mm = 158
|Aug rain mm = 127
|Sep rain mm = 125
|Oct rain mm = 140
|Nov rain mm = 197
|Dec rain mm = 204
|source 1 = Climate-Data.org<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://en.climate-data.org/location/47204/
|title = Climate: Ternate
|publisher=Climate-Data.org
|access-date = August 9, 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Governance==

=== Administration ===
At the time of the 2010 census, Ternate city (which includes seven neighbouring islands and islets as well as the main island of Ternate) was divided into seven [[Districts of Indonesia|districts]], but in 2018 an eighth district (Ternate Barat) was created in the west of the island from part of the Pulau Ternate District. The districts are tabulated below with their areas (in square kilometres) and their populations during the 2010<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011"/> and 2020 censuses,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021"/> together with the official estimates as at mid 2024.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kota Ternate Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8271)</ref> Five of these districts are on the island of Ternate, and the remaining three each consist of a smaller neighbouring island or (in the case of Pulau Batang Dua District) islands. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of subdistricts in each district (all classed as urban ''kelurahan''), and its post code.

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Kode <br>Wilayah || Name of<br />district <br />(''kecamatan'')!! English <br>version !! Area <br />in <br />km<sup>2</sup>!! Pop'n <br />2010 <br />Census<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011"/>|| Pop'n<br>2020 <br />Census || Pop'n<br>mid 2024 <br />Estimate ||Admin<br>centre||No.<br /> of<br />subdistricts||Post<br>code (on the left)
|-
| 82.71.06 || Ternate Tengah || Central Ternate ||align="right"| 13.26 ||align="right"| 52,072||align="right"|53,643||align="right"|56,058||Salahuddin||align="center"|15||97711<br>-97732
|-
| 82.71.02 || Kota Ternate Selatan || South Ternate ||align="right"| 20.22  ||align="right"| 63,746||align="right"|74,329||align="right"|75,105||Kalumata||align="center"|17||97713<br>-97734
|-
| 82.71.03 || Kota Ternate Utara || North Ternate ||align="right"| 13.92  ||align="right"| 45,574||align="right"|48,982||align="right"|50,778||Dufa-Dufa||align="center"|14||97723<br>-97738
|-
| 82.71.01 || Pulau Ternate <sup>(a)</sup> || Ternate island ||align="right"| 17.39  ||align="right"| 14,692||align="right"|8,735||align="right"|9,233||Jambula||align="center"|13||97747
|-
| || Ternate Barat <sup>(b)</sup> || West Ternate ||align="right"| 33.88  ||align="right"| <sup>(c)</sup>||align="right"|8,788||align="right"|9,478||Sulamadaha||align="center"|<sup>(c)</sup>||97747
|-
| || ''Total island''
  ||   ||align="right"| ''98.67''  ||align="right"| ''176,084''||align="right"| ''194,477''||align="right"|''200,652''|| ||align="center"|''59''|| 
|-
| 82.71.04 || [[Moti Island|Moti]] <sup>(d)</sup> || Moti (Island) ||align="right"| 24.78 ||align="right"| 4,399||align="right"|4,811||align="right"|4,615||Moti Kota||align="center"|6||97741
|-
| 82.71.05 || Pulau Batang Dua <sup>(e)</sup>|| [[Batang Dua Islands]] ||align="right"| 29.03 ||align="right"| 2,487||align="right"|2,791||align="right"|2,711||Mayau||align="center"|6||97743
|-e
| 82.71.07 || [[Mount Hiri|Pulau Hiri]] || Hiri Island ||align="right"| 9.72 ||align="right"| 2,735||align="right"|2,922||align="right"|2,858||Faudu||align="center"|6||97745
|}

Notes:{{ordered list|type=lower-alpha
| Pulau Ternate District consists of a reduced part of the western section of Ternate island.
| The new Ternate Barat district includes the 22.05&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> ''Hutan Lindung'' (protected forest) in the middle of the island and including the volcanic cone.
| The figure is included in the previous figure for Pulau Ternate District.
| Moti Island lies to the south of Ternate, between [[Tidore]] and [[Makian]] Islands.
| This district actually comprises two widely-separated islands - Mayau (24.1&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> with about 1,990 inhabitants) and Tifure (4.7&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> with about 725 inhabitants), plus the uninhabited Gurida (0.224&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) off Tifure and the minor islets of Makka and Mano.
}}

=== Local government ===
As with all [[City status in Indonesia|Indonesian cities]], the local government is a second-level administrative division run by a mayor and vice mayor with the city parliament, and it is equivalent to regency.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UU 22 1999|url=https://www.dpr.go.id/dokjdih/document/uu/UU_1999_22.pdf}}</ref> Executive power lies with the mayor and vice mayor, while legislation duties are carried by local parliament. Mayor, vice mayor, and parliament members are democratically elected by people of the city in an election.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UU 8 2015|url=https://www.dpr.go.id/dokjdih/document/uu/1627.pdf}}</ref> Head of districts are appointed directly by city mayor with recommendation by the city secretary.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PP No. 17 Tahun 2018 tentang Kecamatan [JDIH BPK RI]|url=https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/77921/pp-no-17-tahun-2018|access-date=2021-04-16|website=peraturan.bpk.go.id}}</ref><ref>Government Law No.19 1998</ref>

=== Politics ===
Ternate city is part of the First North Maluku electoral district with the [[West Halmahera Regency]], both of which have 12 out of 45 seats in provincial parliament combined. At the city level, it is divided into four electoral districts, which has 30 representatives in total.<ref name=":10">{{cite web|url=https://jdih.kpu.go.id/data/data_kepkpu/295_Malut.pdf|title=Keputusan KPU Nomor 295/PL.01.3-Kpt/06/KPU/IV/2018 tentang Penetapan Daerah Pemilihan dan Alokasi Kursi Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten/Kota di Wilayah Provinsi Maluku Utara dalam Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2019|publisher=KPU RI|access-date=2021-01-25|date=2018-04-04}}</ref> The first electoral district consists of Central Ternate which has eight seats on city parliament, second electoral district with seven seats from North Ternate, third electoral district with 12 seats from South Ternate and Moti Island Districts, and the fourth electoral district with three seats from Ternate Island, Hiri Island, and Batang Dua Island Districts.<ref name=":10" />
{| class="wikitable"
!Electoral district
!Region
!Representatives
|-
| align="center" |Ternate 1st
|Central Ternate District
| align="center" |8
|-
| align="center" |Ternate 2nd
|North Ternate District
| align="center" |7
|-
| align="center" |Ternate 3rd
|South Ternate and Moti Island Districts
| align="center" |12
|-
| align="center" |Ternate 4th
|Ternate Island, Hiri Island, and Batang Dua Island Districts
| align="center" |3
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
| align="center" |'''30'''
|}

==Economy==
The city's economy is diverse. Its gross regional product is dominated by service sector, such as trade and wholesale, which made 25.13% of the city's gross regional product in 2020. Other big sectors are the transportation sector with 13.13%, public administration and social security service with 19.15%, information and communication with 8.17%, and financial and insurance services with 7.31%. In contrast with neighbouring regions, it does not rely much on extraction or agriculture, with mining making only 0.08% of the city's gross regional product in 2020, and agriculture and fishing combined only 4.08%.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Badan Pusat Statistik|url=https://ternatekota.bps.go.id/publication/2021/04/05/6cb6f9684643e9b79061d194/produk-domestik-regional-bruto-kota-ternate-menurut-lapangan-usaha-2016-2020-.html|access-date=2021-08-04|website=ternatekota.bps.go.id}}</ref>

The fastest growing sector in 2020 was the administration service with a growth of 13.95% followed by communication and information with 10.46%. The transportation sector in 2020 was significantly affected by the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and imposed restrictions, declining as much as 20.44%. Trading and manufacture sector also decreased 7.45% and 7.56%, respectively, in 2020.<ref name=":6" /> The city's GDRP per capita stood at 46.13 million rupiahs in 2019, and total nominal GDRP of the city in 2020 was 10.55 trillion rupiahs, an increase of 100 million rupiahs from the previous year.<ref name=":6" /> Economic growth in 2019 was 8.16% but later dropped to -0.85% in 2020.<ref name=":6" />

Historically, the city and surrounding region were major producers of nutmeg in the world. As of 2020, 1,006 tons of nutmeg was harvested. Other agricultural products are clove with 330 tons, mango with 120 tons, tomato with 74.30 tons, and eggplant with 58.80 tons.<ref name=":3" /> The trading sector employed the most people in the city, with 12,683 working in 2020. Industries employed 5,068 people, and other service sectors employed 2,310 people. The total registered SMEs{{Clarify|reason=What does this stand for?|date=May 2022}} in the city number around 13,765 units with 21,723 employed people in the city. Most of the SMEs are engaged in commerce and trading sector. There are also 976 business entities registered in the city.<ref name=":3" />

In 2020, there are total 73 hotel accommodations in the city, and 104 identified potential tourist spots according to [[Statistics Indonesia]]. In 2019, the city was visited by 1,501 international tourists and 208,871 domestic tourists.<ref name=":3" /> The city experienced an inflation of 2.13% in 2020.<ref name=":3" />

==Demographics==
{{Pie chart|thumb=Right
|color6=Red
|color5=Yellow
|color4=DarkOrange
|color3=Purple
|color1=DarkGreen
|color2=DarkBlue
|value7=0.00
|value6=0.05
|value5=0.05
|value4=0.02
|value3=0.31
|value1=96.96
|value2=2.61
|caption=Religion in Ternate (2023)<ref>{{cite web| url= https://e-database.kemendagri.go.id/dataset/1203/tabel-data?page=23| title= Religion in Indonesia| access-date= 21 June 2024| archive-date= 21 June 2024| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240621091542/https://e-database.kemendagri.go.id/dataset/1203/tabel-data?page=23| url-status= live}}</ref>
|label7=[[Folk religion]] and others
|label6=[[Confucianism]]
|label5=[[Buddhism]]
|label4=[[Hinduism]]
|label3=[[Roman Catholic]]
|label2=[[Protestantism]]
|label1=[[Islam]]|color7=Black}}

The most populous district is South Ternate with 74,960 people in 2022, while the least populous is Batang Dua Island District with 2,820 people.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2023">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, ''Kota Ternate Dalam Angka 2023'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8271)</ref> The sex ratio in the city in 2020 was 101 males per 100 females. As with most places in Indonesia, the population is relatively young with the group above 15 years numbering around 182,439 people. Population growth in 2019 was 2.21%.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":7" />

Most inhabitants of Ternate are [[Islam|Muslim]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Lewis|first=M. Paul|year=2009|title=Ternate - A language of Indonesia (Maluku)|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=tft|work=Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition|publisher=SIL International}}</ref> There is also a small Protestant minority, mostly migrants from neighbouring regions. The indigenous inhabitants of Ternate speak the [[Ternate language]], which is a [[Papuan languages|non-Austronesian]] language that belongs to the [[North Halmahera languages|North Halmahera branch]] of the [[West Papuan languages]].<ref name=":0" /> Many inhabitants of Ternate use Ternatean as their first language and employ [[Ternate Malay]] as a means of interethnic or trade communication.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Litamahuputty|first=Betty|date=March 10, 2007|title=Description of Ternate Malay|url=http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/jakarta/ternate.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610225430/http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/jakarta/ternate.php|archive-date=10 June 2007|access-date=28 April 2016|publisher=[[Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology]], [[Jakarta]] station}}</ref>

== Education ==
In 2020, the city had 114 kindergartens, 124 elementary schools, 43 junior high schools, 26 senior high schools, and 9 vocational high schools.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Badan Pusat Statistik|url=https://ternatekota.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/00b68152f9fd66b4303d883e/kota-ternate-dalam-angka-2021.html|access-date=2021-08-04|website=ternatekota.bps.go.id}}</ref> All three public higher education institutions in North Maluku are located in Ternate. [[Khairun University]] is a public university in the province, located in South Ternate District. It is the main university of the province and accepts students from the national [[SNMPTN]] system.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PDDikti - Pangkalan Data Pendidikan Tinggi|url=https://pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id/data_pt/RjhFM0UyMTMtQTIxRC00MzE4LUFGNjMtQzlCRTRFNkRENzVF|access-date=2021-08-04|website=pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-15|title=SNMPTN 2021 : Daftar PTN dan Politeknik yang Buka Pendaftaran {{!}} Kabar24|url=https://kabar24.bisnis.com/read/20210215/15/1356520/snmptn-2021-daftar-ptn-dan-politeknik-yang-buka-pendaftaran|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Bisnis.com}}</ref> It was previously a private university, but was taken over by the Ministry of Education and Culture to serve as the public university of North Maluku in 2004.<ref>{{cite web |title=Universitas Negeri Khairun |url=https://campus.quipper.com/directory/universitas-negeri-khairun |website=campus.quipper.com |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129172328/https://campus.quipper.com/directory/universitas-negeri-khairun |archive-date=January 29, 2021 |language=id |url-status=live}}</ref> There is also the Ternate State Islamic Institute, which is also public, and Ternate Medical Polytech.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PDDikti - Pangkalan Data Pendidikan Tinggi|url=https://pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id/data_pt/RTY2MUY5ODYtMTBCNi00MkFBLTlEMzEtMjVCMUMyOTMwRjQ0|access-date=2021-08-04|website=pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id}}</ref> Other private universities and institutions also exist, such as Muhammadiyah University, Wiratama Polytech of Science and Technology, Kie Raha Teaching and Education College, and Ternate Computer Academy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Daftar Perguruan Tinggi Kopertis Wilayah XII|url=https://lldikti12.ristekdikti.go.id/daftar-dan-profil-perguruan-tinggi-di-kopertis-wilayah-xii}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PDDikti - Pangkalan Data Pendidikan Tinggi|url=https://pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id/data_pt/MjA3QUFDREMtMkJBRS00Qjg4LUFEM0MtRDcwM0JFNjgwMzVG|access-date=2021-08-04|website=pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id}}</ref> Aside from formal education, there are six registered Islamic boarding schools in the city as of 2021.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=EMIS {{!}} Dashboard {{!}} Pendis Kemenag|url=http://emispendis.kemenag.go.id/dashboard/?content=data-pontren&action=list_pontren&prop=82&k=71&id=51|access-date=2021-08-04|website=emispendis.kemenag.go.id}}</ref> Half of them are located in South Ternate District, while the rest are located in North Ternate and Central Ternate Districts.<ref name=":4" /> Due to numbers of higher education institutions in the city, it is also known as "Education City".<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Badan Pusat Statistik|url=https://ternatekota.bps.go.id/publication/2021/01/05/6f57d68fed23e9c87087e0db/statistik-daerah-kota-ternate-2020.html|access-date=2021-08-04|website=ternatekota.bps.go.id}}</ref>

School participation rate is high: around 99.06% for children in the 15-year-old age group. Female student enrollment is higher than those of males as of 2020, reaching 100% as opposed to 98.05% on male students.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Badan Pusat Statistik|url=https://ternatekota.bps.go.id/publication/2020/12/30/037d0f5f3fbd0979c5fbf3f4/statistik-kesejahteraan-rakyat-kota-ternate-2020.html|access-date=2021-08-04|website=ternatekota.bps.go.id}}</ref> Literacy rate was 99.68% as of 2020.<ref name=":5" /> Despite relatively developed infrastructure, schools in smaller islands, particularly such as those in the Moti and Hiri Districts, have fewer teachers in general compared to the mainland part of the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pendidikan di Kota Ternate Masih Menyisakan Sejumlah Persoalan|url=https://indotimur.com/pendidikan/pendidikan-di-kota-ternate-masih-menyisakan-sejumlah-persoalan|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Indotimur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-13|title=Infrastruktur Pendidikan di Pulau Terluar Ternate Masih Tertinggal|url=https://www.cendananews.com/2019/04/infrastruktur-pendidikan-di-pulau-terluar-ternate-masih-tertinggal.html|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Cendana News|language=id-ID}}</ref> The teacher-to-student ratio in the city is relatively lower compared to other parts of Indonesia: one teacher per 14 students.<ref name=":3" />

== Healthcare ==
The city has total 5 hospitals, 5 polyclinics, 26 [[puskesmas]], and 22 pharmacies as of 2020. Three out of five hospitals are located in the Central Ternate District, and there are 12 healthcare centers.<ref name=":3" /> The main public hospital in the city, Dr. H. Chasan Boesoirie Regional Hospital, is a public hospital owned by province government and classified as B-class by the Ministry of Health.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Informasi SDM Kesehatan Nasional|url=http://bppsdmk.kemkes.go.id/info_sdmk/info/fasyankes.php?unit=8271016|access-date=2021-08-04|website=bppsdmk.kemkes.go.id}}</ref> Another public hospital was inaugurated in 2021, named Ternate City Regional Hospital, which is maintained by the city's government.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-15|title=RSUD Kota Ternate Resmi Beroperasi|url=https://maluku.inews.id/berita/rsud-kota-ternate-resmi-beroperasi|access-date=2021-08-04|website=iNews.ID|language=id}}</ref> There's also army hospital operated by the [[Indonesian Army]].<ref name="Informasi SDM Kesehatan Nasional">{{Cite web|title=Informasi SDM Kesehatan Nasional|url=http://bppsdmk.kemkes.go.id/info_sdmk/info/fasyankes?unit=8271020|access-date=2021-08-04|website=bppsdmk.kemkes.go.id}}</ref> Other private hospitals are also present, such as Dharma Ibu Ternate General Hospital and Medika Harifalm General Hospital, both classified as D-class hospital.<ref name="Informasi SDM Kesehatan Nasional"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Informasi SDM Kesehatan Nasional|url=http://bppsdmk.kemkes.go.id/info_sdmk/info/fasyankes?unit=8271031|access-date=2021-08-04|website=bppsdmk.kemkes.go.id|archive-date=2021-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716014138/http://bppsdmk.kemkes.go.id/info_sdmk/info/fasyankes?unit=8271031|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Only 68% of city population has government-mandated healthcare insurance [[BPJS Kesehatan]] as of 2020, and major health problems in the city includes 27.59% of city population above 15 years old smoking an average 80 cigarettes per week.<ref name=":5" /> Toddler inoculation in the city for basic vaccines such as [[BCG vaccine|BCG]] and [[Polio vaccine|polio]] is relatively high, at 92.29% and 89.70%, respectively, while 91.02% of births in the city were assisted by professional healthcare workers.<ref name=":5" /> The city's population has a life expectancy of around 71 years, which is roughly similar to the national average.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Badan Pusat Statistik|url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/26/414/1/-metode-baru-umur-harapan-hidup-saat-lahir-uhh-.html|access-date=2021-08-04|website=www.bps.go.id|language=en}}</ref>

== Culture and entertainment ==

=== Historical sites ===
The city houses historical forts built by both Europeans and the Ternate sultanate, such as Kalamata Fort, Kastela Fort, Oranje Fort, and Santo Pedro Fort. Fort Tolukko and Fort Kalamata were built by the Portuguese, while Fort Oranje was a temporary headquarters of [[Dutch East India Company]].<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Profile Budaya & Bahasa Kota Ternate |language=id |trans-title=Ternate City Culture & Language Profile |url=http://publikasi.data.kemdikbud.go.id/uploadDir/isi_796759EF-E94B-4B4B-B171-4A3FAEEB24AE_.pdf|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331150111/http://publikasi.data.kemdikbud.go.id/uploadDir/isi_796759EF-E94B-4B4B-B171-4A3FAEEB24AE_.pdf |archive-date=2020-03-31}}</ref> The palace of the Ternate sultanate still exists and currently functions as a museum. It is named Kedaton Sultan Ternate and is considered the national cultural heritage of Indonesia. Another historical building is the Ternate Sultanate Mosque.<ref name=":11" />

=== Festivals ===
The city celebrates the ''kora-kora'' (traditional Moluccan boat) festival during their city anniversary, which is held in early December. It consists of a parade of decorated boats, a rowing competition, a fishing competition, and traditional art and dance shows.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wijanarko |first1=Tulus |title=Ternate Siapkan Festival Kora-Kora Sambut Libur Akhir Tahun |url=https://travel.tempo.co/read/1145616/ternate-siapkan-festival-kora-kora-sambut-libur-akhir-tahun |website=travel.tempo.co |publisher=[[Tempo (Indonesian magazine)|Tempo]] |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112180016/https://travel.tempo.co/read/1145616/ternate-siapkan-festival-kora-kora-sambut-libur-akhir-tahun |archive-date=November 12, 2018 |language=id |date=12 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Another festival is the Legu Gam Festival, which is held to celebrate the sultan's birthday. During the festival, several traditional dances are performed in a parade.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2016-01-22|title=Sambut Gerhana Matahari, Festival Legu Gam Digelar Maret|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/xml/2016/01/22/130600727/Sambut.Gerhana.Matahari.Festival.Legu.Gam.Digelar.Maret|access-date=2021-08-04|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id}}</ref> These festivals have been supported and promoted by the Ministry of Tourism.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-02|title=Festival Kora Kora 2018 Angkat Potensi Bahari Kota Seribu Benteng|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/festival-kora-kora-2018-angkat-potensi-bahari-kota-seribu-benteng.html|access-date=2021-08-04|website=merdeka.com|language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Ternate city waterfront.png|thumb|Ternate city from above, Nukila Park can be seen close to waterfront]]

=== City parks ===
There are several city parks in Ternate, such as Nukila Park.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Liputan6.com|date=2020-04-11|title=Senja nan Sepi Berteman Biru Laut Taman Nukila Kota Ternate|url=https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/4224739/senja-nan-sepi-berteman-biru-laut-taman-nukila-kota-ternate|access-date=2021-08-04|website=liputan6.com|language=id}}</ref> Another city park, Moya Park, located in the Moya subdistrict, was previously a dump site.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Melihat Pemandangan Kota Ternate Dari Taman Moya|url=https://indotimur.com/destinasi/melihat-pemandangan-kota-ternate-dari-taman-moya|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Indotimur}}</ref>

=== Others ===
The city has several shopping malls, such as Jatiland Mall, Hypermart Ternate, and Muara Mall.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hiar|first=Hairil|date=2021-07-16|title=Kapal Barang Kedapatan Buang Sampah di Laut Belakang Mall Jatiland Ternate|url=https://kieraha.com/maluku-utara/ternate/46662/kapal-barang-kedapatan-buang-sampah-di-laut-belakang-mall-jatiland-ternate/|access-date=2021-08-04|language=id-ID}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-16|title=TNI-Polri Laksanakan Penyemprotan Disinfektan Massal di Kota Ternate|url=https://maluku.inews.id/berita/tni-polri-laksanakan-penyemprotan-disinfektan-massal-di-kota-ternate|access-date=2021-08-04|website=iNews.ID|language=id}}</ref>

== Transportation ==
There are 319 kilometers of road in the city, out of which 284 kilometers have been paved with hotmix asphalt. There are also 18 kilometers that have been paved with concrete instead. As Ternate is made of several islands, water transport is an important part of the city's transportation system.<ref name=":3" /> Goods transport is mostly done through Ahmad Yani Port;<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=Ternate|url=https://inaport4.co.id/cabang/ternate/|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Inaport4|language=en-US}}</ref> it is a relatively large port with a quay length of 167 meters and container yards totalling 1,889 hectares.<ref>{{Cite thesis|title=Analisis Kinerja Pelayanan Terminal Peti Kemas Pelabuhan Ahmad Yani Ternate Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan|url=http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/97719|publisher=Universitas Gadjah Mada|date=2016|first=Susanti|last=Rahman}}</ref> The port is also served by routes operated by [[Pelni]], and served 376,727 people out of the city in 2019.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7" /> The city also has a separate port for fishing vessels, which can handle ships up to 2,250 gigatons.<ref>{{cite web |title=Profil Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Ternate |url=https://kkp.go.id/djpt/ppnternate/page/1042-profil-pelabuhan-perikanan-nusantara-ternate |website=kkp.go.id |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804215021/https://kkp.go.id/djpt/ppnternate/page/1042-profil-pelabuhan-perikanan-nusantara-ternate |archive-date=August 4, 2021 |language=id |url-status=live}}</ref> The city is served by [[Sultan Babullah Airport]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara {{!}} Data Bandar Udara|url=http://hubud.dephub.go.id/website/BandaraDetail.php?id=197|access-date=2021-08-04|website=hubud.dephub.go.id}}</ref>

The city has [[angkot|''angkots'']] and online ride-hailing services such as [[Gojek]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=TV|first=Koper dan Ransel Trans|title=Angkot, Transportasi Alternatif Untuk Berkeliling Kota Ternate|url=https://20.detik.com/spot-wisata/20210428-210428007/angkot-transportasi-alternatif-untuk-berkeliling-kota-ternate|access-date=2021-08-04|website=20DETIK|language=id-ID}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gojek Ternate: Satu Aplikasi Untuk Beragam Solusi {{!}} Gojek|url=https://www.gojek.com/blog/gojek/ternate/|access-date=2021-08-04|website=www.gojek.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Media ==
There are nine media companies registered in Ternate according to the [[Press Council (Indonesia)|Press Council]], both digital and printed.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Dewan Pers|url=https://dewanpers.or.id/data/perusahaanpers|access-date=2021-08-04|website=dewanpers.or.id}}</ref> There are local television stations such as Gamalama TV, and also branches of nationwide private channels such as [[Trans TV]] Ternate Branch.<ref name=":9" /> Printed news media in the city include Malut Post, Fajar Malut, and Posko Malut.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Malut Post {{!}} Jendela Informasi Malut|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/lcwaN0023102/|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[Radio Republik Indonesia]] also has a local branch in Ternate.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Berita Daerah {{!}} RRI Ternate|url=https://rri.co.id/ternate/daerah|access-date=2021-08-04|website=rri.co.id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Media Radio berita online terpercaya {{!}} RRI Ternate|url=https://rri.co.id/ternate|access-date=2021-08-04|website=rri.co.id}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Surat Pengesahan Daftar Isian Pelaksanaan Anggaran Petikan |url=https://ppid.rri.co.id/download/dokumen/petikan_dipa_2021.pdf/26010 |website=ppid.rri.co.id |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804220219/https://ppid.rri.co.id/download/dokumen/petikan_dipa_2021.pdf/26010 |archive-date=August 4, 2021 |language=id |date=2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Notable People==
*[[Zamrony]] (born 1988) - footballer
*[[Aljufri Daud]] (born 2000) - footballer

==See also==
{{Portal|Islands}}
*[[Ternate, Cavite]], a municipality in the Philippines
*[[Pre-Islamic rulers of Ternate]]
*[[Sultanate of Ternate]]

==References==
{{reflist|26em}}

==Further reading==
* Andaya, Leonard Y (1993). ''The world of Maluku: eastern Indonesia in the early modern period''. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. {{ISBN|0-8248-1490-8}}
* Borschberg, Peter, "The value of Admiral Matelieff's writings for the history of Southeast Asia, c. 1600–1620", ''Journal of Southeast Asian Studies,'' 48(3), pp.&nbsp;414–435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S002246341700056X
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120529140709/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/eng/asia/indonesia/moluccas/tidore/index_1.html The History of the Spanish Presence in the Moluccas (Indonesia): the Spanish Forts in Tidore Island, Maluku, Indonesia by Marco Ramerini]
* Cribb, Robert (2000). ''Historical atlas of Indonesia''. Surrey: Curson. {{ISBN|0-7007-0985-1}}.
* [[Hanna, Willard Anderson]] and [[Des Alwi]] (1990). ''Turbulent times past in Ternate and Tidore''. Banda Naira: Yayasan Warisan dan Budaya.
* [https://sea.lib.niu.edu/seadl/islandora/object/seadl%3A40 A 1750-1759 Historical map of Ternate | Southeast Asia Digital Library]

{{Commons category|Ternate, Indonesia}}
{{EB1911 poster|Ternate}}
*

{{Maluku-islands}}
{{North Maluku}}
{{Provincial capitals in Indonesia}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ternate| ]]
[[Category:Cities in North Maluku]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1999]]
[[Category:Former Portuguese colonies]]
[[Category:Portuguese colonialism in Indonesia]]