Editing Terrex ICV

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = Terrex ICV
| image              = NDP2010 CR3 Terrex ICV 1.JPG
| caption            = 
| type               = [[Armoured combat vehicle]]
| is_vehicle         = yes
| designer           = [[ST Kinetics|ST Engineering Land Systems]]<br />[[Timoney Technology Limited of Ireland|Timoney of Ireland]]
| length             = {{convert|7.8|m|ftin}}
|width               = {{convert|3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|height              = {{convert|2.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| is_UK              = yes
| image_size         = 300
| origin             = Singapore
| variants           = See ''[[Terrex ICV#Variants|variants]]''
| design_date        = 2004
| manufacturer       = [[ST Kinetics|ST Engineering Land Systems]]<br />[[Kazakhstan Paramount Engineering]]<br />
| production_date    = 2006
|used_by             = [[Singapore Army]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/made-in-spore-terrex-a-key-addition-to-saf|title=Made-in-Singapore Terrex a key addition to SAF|date=29 November 2016|website=The Straits Times|access-date=26 October 2019|archive-date=26 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026015027/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/made-in-spore-terrex-a-key-addition-to-saf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| weight             = {{convert|24|t|lb}}
| crew               = 2 (Commander, Driver)<br />+ 11 troops
| primary_armament   = [[STK 40 AGL]] with 60 rounds
| secondary_armament = 7.62 mm Co-axial with 250 rounds,<br />CIS SGL with 5 rounds
| armour             = Classified, Modular
| engine             = [[Caterpillar Inc.]] C9 [[Straight-six engine#Straight-six diesel engines|inline-six diesel engine]]
|engine_power        = {{convert|400|hp}}
| pw_ratio           = 16 hp/tonne
| suspension         = [[Eight-wheel drive|8x8]] [[Hydropneumatic suspension|Hydropneumatic]] [[Double wishbone suspension]]
| vehicle_range      = {{convert|800|km}}
| speed              = {{convert|110|km/h}} on road, {{convert|10|km/h}} on water
}}

The '''Terrex''' Infantry Carrier Vehicle ('''ICV''') is an [[Eight-wheel drive|8x8]] [[armoured fighting vehicle]] (AFV) developed by [[ST Engineering]] of Singapore and [[Timoney Technology Limited of Ireland|Timoney Technology]] of Ireland, and produced by [[ST Engineering Land Systems]] (a corporate subsidiary of ST Engineering) and by [[Kazakhstan Paramount Engineering]] (KPE)  under license as the '''Barys-A'''.

Built on a 8x8 wheel chassis with modern military vehicle armour, the Terrex is approximately 25 to 30 tonnes, and is amphibious in certain configurations. Multiple-type weapon platforms are supported, including both [[Remote controlled weapon station|remote]] and overhead weapon stations. The vehicle has a double [[V-hull|V-shaped hull]] which deflects [[Anti-tank mine|mine]] and [[improvised explosive device|IED]] blasts, and is fitted with [[CBRN defense|NBC protection system]] and [[battlefield management system]] for better awareness. 

ST Engineering Land Systems is marketing the Terrex to potential buyers in Asia, South America and the Middle East.<ref>{{cite web |title=Defence IQ ARMOURED VEHICLES MARKET REPORT 2017 |url=http://www.ceptm.iue.edu.ar/pdf/armored.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018014654/http://www.ceptm.iue.edu.ar/pdf/armored.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2019}}</ref>

==Production history and development==
[[File:Terrex Infantry Carrier Vehicle AOH 2022 300522.jpg|thumb|Terrex ICV at the Army Open House 2022]]
[[File:Terrex Infantry Carrier Vehicle side profile AOH 2022 300522.jpg|thumb|Side profile of the Terrex ICV]]

===Terrex AV-81/82===
The Terrex project started off as a government-funded project to help develop a new generation of armoured personnel carriers for the [[Singapore Armed Forces]] (SAF). Singapore Technologies Kinetics (now Singapore Technologies Engineering Land Systems) was chosen to design and manufacture the vehicle. The prototype '''Terrex AV-81''' armoured fighting vehicle was exhibited for the first time at [[DSEi]] 2001.<ref>[http://www.statewatch.org/news/2004/may/AIreportanx.pdf  CLAWS OF THE CELTIC TIGER] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308125656/http://www.statewatch.org/news/2004/may/AIreportanx.pdf |date=8 March 2012 }} An appendix to: Undermining Global Security: The European Union’s Arms Exports, First published in 2004 by Amnesty International, Irish section, Page 15</ref> The initial AV-81 design utilised conventional coil-spring [[shock absorber]]s, but later variants introduced of hydro-pneumatic struts with real-time damping control. An electric-hybrid drive system was also developed.

By mid-2004, one prototype and one pre-production model had been built and both were evaluated throughout Asia and Europe, where the vehicle was offered for a number of emerging wheeled armoured vehicle requirements. This was further influenced by the [[United States Army|U.S. Army's]] emerging [[Brigade combat team|Interim Brigade Combat Team]] (IBCT) concept, which called for the need of wheeled armoured fighting vehicles (AFV) as opposed to tracked AFVs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter 7: Building on our Past Strengths for Future Growth|url=http://www.stengg.com/AR2003/7_gears.htm|publisher=ST Engineering Land Systems|date=1 October 2003|access-date=9 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008132453/http://www.stengg.com/AR2003/7_gears.htm|archive-date=8 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= 新加坡研制"特拉克斯"AV81装甲步战车 (Singapore develops "Terrex" AV81 Armoured Fighting Vehicle)|url= http://jczs.sina.com.cn/2006-03-20/0942358456.html|publisher= [[Sina.com]]|date= 6 March 2003|access-date= 9 September 2009|archive-date= 25 April 2006|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060425042927/http://jczs.sina.com.cn/2006-03-20/0942358456.html|url-status= live}}</ref>

Following an agreement in 2002 between ST Engineering and Turkish automotive manufacturer [[Otokar|Otokar Otobus Karoseri Sanayi A.S.]], an improved Terrex prototype, '''Yavuz''', was developed in conjunction with Otokar in 2005. Intended for production by Otokar for the [[Turkish Land Forces]] and possible export customers, it was equipped with a more advanced driveline and hydro-pneumatic suspension system and a number of changes from the AV-81, including a flat underbody instead of a V-shaped hull and revised rear suspension.<ref>{{cite web |title= Yavuz Multi Wheeled Armored Combat Vehicle |url= https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/yavuz-apc.htm|publisher= [[GlobalSecurity.org]] |date= 27 July 2016 |access-date= 7 April 2025 |url-status= live }}</ref> While the Yavuz received no production orders, it attracted the attention of the SAF, which provided funding for the further development of the protoype as the '''Terrex AV-82'''.

In 2009, the SAF announced it would acquire at least 135 Terrex ICVs to replace its [[Cadillac Gage Commando|V-200]] armoured vehicles, with all active [[Singapore Infantry Regiment|Infantry]] and [[Singapore Guards|Guards]] battalions to begin training to operate from the vehicle in February 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title= Networked infantry carrier vehicle gives SAF sharper edge in urban warfare |url= http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/publications/cyberpioneer/news/2009/September/03sep09_news.html |publisher= cyberpioneer, [[MINDEF]] |date= 3 September 2009 |access-date= 9 September 2009 |archive-date= 5 August 2012 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120805064445/http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/publications/cyberpioneer/news/2009/September/03sep09_news.html |url-status= live }}</ref> The Second Battalion, [[Singapore Infantry Regiment]], was the first unit to receive the Terrex as part of its shift into a motorised infantry battalion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/news_and_events/nr/2011/may/31may11_nr.html|access-date=8 February 2012|date=31 May 2011|publisher=Singaporean Ministry of Defense|title=Operationalisation of the First Motorised Infantry Battalion|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930151908/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/web/portal/mindef/error/error404|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Terrex 2: MPC/ACV===
In August 2012, the [[U.S. Marine Corps]] awarded [[Science Applications International Corporation|SAIC]] a developmental contract for the Terrex for the [[Marine Personnel Carrier]] program.<ref name="MPC">[http://militarytimes.com/news/2012/09/marine-personnel-carrier-development-contracts-awarded-091012w/ Personnel carrier development contracts awarded] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914025925/http://www.militarytimes.com/news/2012/09/marine-personnel-carrier-development-contracts-awarded-091012w |date=14 September 2012 }} - Militarytimes.com, 10 September 2012</ref> The Marine Personnel Carrier was put on hold in June 2013,<ref>[http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2013/October/Pages/CommitmenttoSwimmingVehicleThrowsOffMarines’TightModernizationSchedule.aspx Commitment to Swimming Vehicle Throws Off Marines’ Tight Modernization Schedule] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130915191052/http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2013/October/Pages/CommitmenttoSwimmingVehicleThrowsOffMarines%E2%80%99TightModernizationSchedule.aspx |date=15 September 2013 }} - Nationaldefensemagazine.org, October 2013</ref> restarted in February 2014,<ref>[http://breakingdefense.com/2014/02/marines-budget-scramble-commandant-resurrects-mpc-acv-in-limbo/ Marines Budget Scramble: Commandant Resurrects MPC, ACV In Limbo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227185830/http://breakingdefense.com/2014/02/marines-budget-scramble-commandant-resurrects-mpc-acv-in-limbo/ |date=27 February 2014 }} - Breakingdefense.com, 17 February 2014</ref> and then restructured as Phase 1 of the [[Amphibious Combat Vehicle]] (ACV) program,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://breakingdefense.com/2014/04/marines-about-to-announce-new-amphibious-combat-vehicle-plan-our-sneak-preview/ |title=A Sneak Peek At Marines' New Amphibious Combat Vehicle |last1=Freedberg Jr. |first1=Sydney J. |date=2 April 2014 |website=breakingdefense.com |publisher=Breaking Media, Inc. |access-date=2 April 2014 |archive-date=5 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405110618/http://breakingdefense.com/2014/04/marines-about-to-announce-new-amphibious-combat-vehicle-plan-our-sneak-preview/ |url-status=live }}</ref> which includes the previous MPC competitor entries.<ref>[http://www.militarytimes.com/article/20140924/NEWS04/309180081/Marines-upgrading-replacing-amphibs-under-new-strategy Marines upgrading, replacing amphibs under new strategy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924234717/http://www.militarytimes.com/article/20140924/NEWS04/309180081/Marines-upgrading-replacing-amphibs-under-new-strategy |date=24 September 2014 }} - Militarytimes.com, 24 September 2014</ref>

On 18 July 2013, [[Science Applications International Corporation|SAIC]], along with [[ST Kinetics|ST Engineering Land Systems]] and Armatec Survivability Corporation, successfully completed two weeks of evaluations of the Terrex at [[Camp Pendleton]].  The tests included a series of water performance demonstrations in various sea conditions and an evaluation of human factors and stowage capacity. The Terrex completed all required surf transit and ocean swim maneuverability tests at its fully loaded combat weight. It demonstrated load capabilities through successful stowage of gear and supplies that Marines would require for three days of operations, with space available for additional equipment. The human factors evaluation demonstrated the spacious interior by accommodating the specified number of combat-equipped Marines and enabling rapid tactical and emergency egress through a quick-release hatch. The Terrex repeated ocean swim and maneuverability results were achieved in a March 2013 rehearsal event. SAIC began ballistic and blast tests at the Nevada Automotive Test Center in May 2013, and was scheduled to complete all ballistic and mine blast demonstrations in July.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.naval-technology.com/news/newssaic-completes-terrex-evaluation-usmc/ |title=SAIC completes Terrex amphibious vehicle evaluation for USMC - Naval Technology |date=21 July 2013 |access-date=30 December 2021 |archive-date=30 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230025600/https://www.naval-technology.com/news/newssaic-completes-terrex-evaluation-usmc/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Terrex submitted for the ACV program, called the '''Terrex 2''', was publicly unveiled in September 2015 at the DSEI 2015 convention.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/singapore_army_military_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_u/terrex_2_8x8_amphibious_armoured_vehicle_personnel_carrier_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures_video_11602164.html |title=Terrex 2 8x8 amphibious wheeled armored vehicle personnel carrier {{!}} Singapore army military wheeled armoured vehicle U {{!}} Singapore Singaporian army military equipment UK |access-date=30 December 2021 |archive-date=30 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230024843/https://www.armyrecognition.com/singapore_army_military_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_u/terrex_2_8x8_amphibious_armoured_vehicle_personnel_carrier_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures_video_11602164.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Terrex 2 was designed to enhance situational awareness, with the troop commander's station equipped with a screen covering all aspects outside the vehicle, also visible to the squad to enable them to see what they would be exiting to. The driver's station was equipped with several screens with obstacle avoidance, situational awareness sensor feeds, and other features. The Terrex's [[V-hull|V-over-V hull]] creates a crush zone to reduce the impact of a blast on the floor; footrests attached to seats across the aisle keep the Marines' feet from absorbing blast energy. Although specialised in ground operations, it also meets the minimum requirements for safe sea operation. The vehicle uses a [[central tire inflation system]], can swim {{convert|7|mph|km/h knot|abbr=on}} in water, and has excess buoyancy of 23 percent. It weighs 32.5 tons ({{convert|65,000|lb|kg|abbr=on}}), carries three crew and 11 embarked Marines, and can reach {{convert|55|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} on paved roads.<ref>[http://news.usni.org/2015/09/28/marine-acv-competitors-show-off-prototypes-as-program-downselect-nears Marine ACV Competitors Show Off Prototypes as Program Downselect Nears] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127061514/http://news.usni.org/2015/09/28/marine-acv-competitors-show-off-prototypes-as-program-downselect-nears |date=27 November 2015 }} - News.USNI.org, 28 September 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.defensenews.com/story/breaking-news/2015/11/24/bae-saic-named-finalists-marines-acv-competition/76312760/ BAE, SAIC Named as Finalists in Marines ACV Competition] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20201202143300/https://www.defensenews.com/breaking-news/2015/11/24/bae-saic-named-as-finalists-in-marines-acv-competition/ |date=2 December 2020 }} - Defensenews.com, 24 November 2015</ref><ref>[http://news.usni.org/2015/11/24/marine-corps-awards-amphibious-combat-vechicle-1-1-contracts-to-bae-systems-and-saic Marine Corps Awards Amphibious Combat Vehicle 1.1 Contracts to BAE Systems and SAIC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127015216/http://news.usni.org/2015/11/24/marine-corps-awards-amphibious-combat-vechicle-1-1-contracts-to-bae-systems-and-saic |date=27 November 2015 }} - News.USNI.org, 24 November 2015</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bacon|first=Lance M.|date=7 August 2017|title=Inside the amphibious vehicles that won the Marines' $225M contracts|url=https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/your-marine-corps/2016/01/04/inside-the-amphibious-vehicles-that-won-the-marines-225m-contracts/|access-date=10 August 2021|website=Marine Corps Times|language=en-US|archive-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810064705/https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/your-marine-corps/2016/01/04/inside-the-amphibious-vehicles-that-won-the-marines-225m-contracts/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 24 November 2015, the Marines selected the SAIC Terrex, along with the [[BAE Systems]]/[[Iveco SuperAV]], to move on to the engineering and manufacturing development phase of the ACV 1.1 program. SAIC was awarded a $121.5 million contract to build 16 vehicles by late 2016 for testing. In June 2018, the Marine Corps selected BAE Systems for the ACV program.<ref>[https://www.military.com/dodbuzz/2018/06/19/bae-systems-will-make-marines-new-wheeled-amphibious-combat-vehicle.html BAE Systems Will Make Marines' New Wheeled Amphibious Combat Vehicle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129144452/https://www.military.com/dodbuzz/2018/06/19/bae-systems-will-make-marines-new-wheeled-amphibious-combat-vehicle.html |date=29 January 2020 }}. ''DoD Buzz''. 19 June 2018.</ref>

===Sentinel 2: Australian Army: LAND 400 Program===
The '''Sentinel 2''' was  jointly designed and developed by ST Engineering and [[Elbit Systems|Elbit Systems of Australia]] (ELSA) to meet the [[Australian Army]]'s LAND 400 Phase 2 Mounted Combat Reconnaissance Capability (MCRC) requirement for an armored reconnaissance vehicle.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sentinel 2 8x8 combat reconnaissance armored vehicle|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/australia_australian_army_wheeled_armoured_vehicle/sentinel_ii_combat_reconnaissance_8x8_wheeled_armored_vehicle.html|access-date=24 December 2021|website=www.armyrecognition.com|date=17 October 2020 |archive-date=24 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224054946/https://www.armyrecognition.com/australia_australian_army_wheeled_armoured_vehicle/sentinel_ii_combat_reconnaissance_8x8_wheeled_armored_vehicle.html|url-status=live}}</ref>  A further development of the Terrex 2 using hull and powerpack components, it is better protected and carries a much more powerful armament but lacks amphibious capability due to its 35 tonne weight. Designed with Elbit Land System's MT30 modular turret, the vehicle is operated by a crew of 2 and can carry 11 dismounts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.military-today.com/apc/terrex_3.htm|title=Terrex 3 - Armored personnel carrier|access-date=7 June 2017|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602013716if_/http://www.military-today.com/apc/terrex_3.htm|url-status=usurped}}</ref> It was outbid by the Rheinmetall [[Boxer (armoured fighting vehicle)|Boxer CRV]] in early 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/land/2018/03/14/rheinmetall-wins-3-billion-australian-armoured-vehicle-competition/|title=Rheinmetall wins $3 billion Australian armored vehicle competition|first=Nigel|last=Pittaway|date=14 March 2018|website=Defense News|access-date=20 November 2018|archive-date=16 March 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180316152926/https://www.defensenews.com/land/2018/03/14/rheinmetall-wins-3-billion-australian-armoured-vehicle-competition/|url-status=live}}</ref> 19 Sentinel 2s were later supplied by Elbit Land Systems to [[Ghana]] in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana approves the purchase of 19 Israeli armored vehicles from Elbit Systems {{!}} Defense News October 2020 Global Security army industry {{!}} Defense Security global news industry army 2020 {{!}} Archive News year|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/defense_news_october_2020_global_security_army_industry/ghana_approves_the_purchase_of_19_israeli_armored_vehicle_from_elbit_systems.html|access-date=10 August 2021|website=www.armyrecognition.com|archive-date=15 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915152121/https://www.armyrecognition.com/defense_news_october_2020_global_security_army_industry/ghana_approves_the_purchase_of_19_israeli_armored_vehicle_from_elbit_systems.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Terrex s5 ===
At the 2024 Singapore Airshow, ST Engineering unveiled the Terrex s5. The Terrex s5 (''Smartness, Superiority, Sustainability, Survivability and Serviceability'') is the latest iteration of the Terrex ICV lineage, intended to be a new 8x8 family competitive on the export market.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajkumar |first=Mike |date=February 22, 2024 |title=ST Engineering Eyeing Global IFV Market with New Terrex s5 |url=https://www.asianmilitaryreview.com/2024/02/st-engineering-eyeing-global-ifv-market-with-new-terrex-s5/ }}</ref> It features considerable digital technologies and systems, able to project a stereoscopic view of the surrounding environment to its crew and also features waypoint driving, obstacle detection, a 360° prismatic camera system, and coupling with [[Unmanned ground vehicle|UGVs]] and [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAVs]]. The chassis has enhanced protection, stated to be [[STANAG 4569|STANAG]] Level 4, and comes with independent suspension for each of the eight wheels. The suspension can be upgraded to active suspension and the wheels upgraded to run-flat tires. Furthermore, it features a hybrid-electric drive that helps push the vehicle to 120&nbsp;km/h on roads (~75&nbsp;mph) and also features a "Silent Mode" with a running radius of 50&nbsp;km using on-board [[Lithium-ion battery|Li-ion]] batteries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Valpolini |first=Paolo |date=2024-02-19 |title=Singapore Airshow - ST Engineering unveils its Terrex s5, the next gen Singaporean 8x8 |url=https://www.edrmagazine.eu/st-engineering-unveils-its-terrex-s5-the-next-gen-singaporean-8x8 |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=EDR Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref>

The Terrex s5 is intended to be modular to suit a variety of missions. Six variants have been published: the Trooper, a command vehicle, an ATGM vehicle, a Fire Support Vehicle fitted with either a 105&nbsp;mm or 120&nbsp;mm cannon, a mortar vehicle, and an amphibious variant. The variant shown at the 2024 Singapore Airshow is the Trooper, utilizing ST Engineering's ADDER Remote Weapon Station, armed with a 30 autocannon that is likely a [[Mk44 Bushmaster II]], as on the [[Hunter AFV]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Terrex 8x8 Infantry Fighting Vehicle {{!}} ST Engineering |url=https://www.stengg.com/en/defence/land/land-defence-systems/terrex-8x8-infantry-fighting-vehicle/ |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=www.stengg.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Design==
As with a number of other recent wheeled armoured vehicles, the Terrex is of [[modular design]] with various levels of armour protection and weapon systems being marketed up to a gross vehicle weight of 24,000&nbsp;kg. Despite its size, the Terrex is air-portable by [[C-130]] or other similar cargo aircraft.

The Terrex's layout is conventional: the driver sits front left and the power pack is to the right.<ref name="Jane">{{cite web|url=http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Armour-and-Artillery/Singapore-Technologies-Kinetics-Terrex-Infantry-Carrier-Vehicle-Singapore.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023430/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Armour-and-Artillery/Singapore-Technologies-Kinetics-Terrex-Infantry-Carrier-Vehicle-Singapore.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=9 February 2012|publisher=Jane's|title=Singapore Technologies Kinetics Terrex Infantry Carrier Vehicle (Singapore), Armoured personnel carriers (wheeled)|url-status=dead}}</ref> This leaves the rest of the vehicle clear for the troop compartment, which is provided with a power-operated ramp and roof hatches.<ref name="Jane"/>

Various weapon systems can be fitted on the roof, including a [[remote weapon station]] armed with a [[40mm]] automatic [[grenade launcher]] and a 7.62mm coaxial machine gun or a complete stabilized turret armed with a [[25 mm caliber|25mm]] [[M242 Bushmaster]] cannon and [[7.62mm]] coaxial machine gun. Additional 7.62mm machine guns can be mounted over the rear troop compartment. In addition, the vehicle can be configured to carry varying combat payloads, from turret-based weapon stations (including 105&nbsp;mm tank guns) to [[Transporter erector launcher|rocket launcher]]s, with a reduced number of personnel carried. The modular top deck allows for quick configuration changes to be carried out.<ref name="auto"/>

The Terrex uses a patented independent [[double wishbone suspension]], which greatly improves ground mobility and ride comfort over rough terrain. The use of automatic traction control and the capacity for large footprint off-road tires enables it to travel at unprecedented speeds in soft ground conditions.

The Terrex is designed with a modular protection system with all-round protection against 7.62&nbsp;mm NATO rounds and artillery shell splinters, front arc withstands 12.7&nbsp;mm armor piercing-rounds at the most basic armor package.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.military-today.com/apc/terrex_av81.htm|title=Terrex AV81 - Armored personnel carrier|access-date=12 November 2017|archive-date=12 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112185532if_/http://www.military-today.com/apc/terrex_av81.htm|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Ceramic-composite armor package are available for a higher level of protection. Maximum level of all-round protection is against 14.5&nbsp;mm armor-piercing rounds. 

The vehicle has a double hull with an external [[V-hull]] that improves mine blast survivability and can withstand up to 12&nbsp;kg [[TNT]] explosion under the hull with the vehicle still able to move.<ref name="Info">{{cite web|url=http://www.one35th.com/terrex/terrex_intro.htm|title=Terrex Intro|access-date=9 February 2012|archive-date=16 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516024037/http://www.one35th.com/terrex/terrex_intro.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Add-on armour provides further protection for troops.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.armyrecognition.com/singapore_army_military_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_u/terrex_armoured_personnel_carrier_technical_data_sheet_specifications_description_pictures_uk.html | title = Terrex armoured vehicle personnel carrier | website = www.armyrecognition.com | access-date = 26 October 2019 | archive-date = 26 October 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191026015027/https://www.armyrecognition.com/singapore_army_military_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_u/terrex_armoured_personnel_carrier_technical_data_sheet_specifications_description_pictures_uk.html | url-status = live }}</ref> It is also capable of providing full NBC (nuclear, biological, chemical) protection in extreme operational conditions.<ref name="Info"/>

The standard equipment includes a powered steering on four wheels at the front, a central tyre-pressure inflation system, an anti-lock braking system and an NBC defensive/protective system but there are also many other options for fitted equipment and vehicle gear available.

In its baseline configuration, the AV-81 Terrex is fully [[Amphibious vehicle|amphibious]]: two water jets mounted on either side at the back of the hull propel the vehicle through water at 10&nbsp;km/h. 

==Variants==
The following known variants are in service:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eos-aus.com/pdf/Combat%20Rock.pdf|title=Combat rock: Singapore gears up for introduction of new 8x8 Terrex ICV|author=Christopher Foss|publisher=Jane's|date=25 February 2010|access-date=9 February 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321102228/http://www.eos-aus.com/pdf/Combat%20Rock.pdf|archive-date=21 March 2012}}</ref>

* Command Variant
* 40mm AGL/7.62mm Coaxial MG Variant
* .50 calibre HMG Variant
* [[Spike (missile)|SPIKE]] [[ATGM]] Variant
* Pioneer Variant
* Medical Variant
* Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition (RSTA) Variant
* STORM Variant

==Incidents==
On 23 November 2016, nine Terrex vehicles used by the SAF for a military exercise in [[Taiwan]] were seized while in port at Hong Kong, resulting in heightened political tensions between Singapore and China.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-38101345|title=HK armoured vehicles seizure: What we know|work=BBC News|date=25 November 2016|access-date=30 October 2019|archive-date=6 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106221850/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-38101345|url-status=live}}</ref> They were initially impounded at an outdoor storage yard of a [[Customs and Excise Department (Hong Kong)|Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department]] storage facility in Tuen Mun, but by 6 December, they had been moved indoors. On 24 January 2017, the Hong Kong government stated that it would allow the detained Terrexes to return to Singapore.<ref name="st">{{cite news|title=Terrex vehicles seized by Hong Kong moved indoors|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/terrex-vehicles-still-being-detained-in-hong-kong|access-date=18 January 2017|agency=[[Singapore Press Holdings]]|publisher=[[The Straits Times]]|date=3 January 2017|archive-date=6 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106133355/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/terrex-vehicles-still-being-detained-in-hong-kong|url-status=live}}</ref> The vehicles were returned to Singapore on 30 January 2017.<ref name="CNA">{{cite news|title=SAF Terrex vehicles arrive in Singapore after being detained in Hong Kong|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/saf-terrex-vehicles-arrive-in-singapore-after-being-detained-in--7550656|access-date=26 February 2018|work=[[Channel NewsAsia]]|date=30 January 2017|archive-date=7 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607143743/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/saf-terrex-vehicles-arrive-in-singapore-after-being-detained-in--7550656|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Operators==
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->

===Current operators===
; {{flag|Ghana}} 
* [[Ghana Army]] – 19 Sentinel 2s in total, 6 Sentinel IIs in 8x8 equipped with Elbit Systems UT30 turrets with 10 Sentinel IIs in 6x6 for recon missions<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.israeldefense.co.il/en/node/45967|title=Ghana to procure armored vehicles from Elbit|date=20 October 2020|website=Israel Defense|access-date=30 December 2021|archive-date=30 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230030212/https://www.israeldefense.co.il/en/node/45967|url-status=live}}</ref>
; {{flag|Singapore}} 
* [[Singapore Army]] – 435<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore Singaporean army land ground forces military equipment armoured armored vehicle UK {{!}} Singapore Singaporean army land ground forces UK {{!}} Asia UK|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/singapore_singaporean_army_land_ground_forces_uk/singapore_singaporean_army_land_ground_forces_military_equipment_armoured_armored_vehicle_uk.html|access-date=10 August 2021|website=www.armyrecognition.com|archive-date=21 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821045204/https://www.armyrecognition.com/singapore_singaporean_army_land_ground_forces_uk/singapore_singaporean_army_land_ground_forces_military_equipment_armoured_armored_vehicle_uk.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Potential operators ===
; {{flag|Chile}} (> 200)
* The Chilean Army is looking for a successor to its 160 [[Mowag Piranha#Piranha_IB_6×6|Piraña I 6×6]] and 30 Piraña I 8×8. More than 200 vehicles are expected to be purchased, with the first phase of the replacement including a tender for 82 8×8 armoured vehicles.  Among the known competitors are:<ref>{{cite web |date=25 October 2023 |title=Chile opens bidding for new wheeled armored vehicles |url=https://www.defensenews.com/land/2023/10/25/chile-opens-bidding-for-new-wheeled-armored-vehicles/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=InfoDefensa |first=Revista Defensa |title=El Ejército de Chile modifica el proyecto Cromo y analiza comprar 82 carros 4x4, 6x6 y 8x8 |url=https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/5084638/ejercito-chile-modifica-proyecto-cromo-analiza-comprar-82-carros-4x4-6x6-8x8 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Infodefensa - Noticias de defensa, industria, seguridad, armamento, ejércitos y tecnología de la defensa |language=es}}</ref>
:* Altuğ by the Turkish [[BMC Otomotiv|BMC]]
:* [[Patria AMV]] by the Finnish [[Patria Group]]
:* [[Otokar Arma|Arma]] by the Turkish [[Otokar]]
:* [[Freccia IFV|Freccia]] by the Italian [[Iveco]]
:* [[K808 White Tiger]] by the South Korean [[Hyundai Rotem]]
:* [[Pandur II]] 8×8 by the Czech [[Excalibur Army]]
:* [[Stryker]] 8×8 by the United States [[United States Army|US army]] (the only offer for already used units)<ref>{{Cite web |last=InfoDefensa |first=Revista Defensa |title=El Ejército de Chile evalúa la compra de carros Stryker 8x8 de Estados Unidos |url=https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3419837/ejercito-chile-evalua-compra-carros-stryker-8x8-estados-unidos |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Infodefensa - Noticias de defensa, industria, seguridad, armamento, ejércitos y tecnología de la defensa |language=es}}</ref>
:* Terrex ICV by the Singapore [[ST Engineering]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=InfoDefensa |first=Revista Defensa |title=ST Engineering ofrece el Terrex para el programa de blindados de Chile |url=https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3057405/st-engineering-ofrece-terrex-programa-blindados-chile |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Infodefensa - Noticias de defensa, industria, seguridad, armamento, ejércitos y tecnología de la defensa |language=es}}</ref>

; {{flag|Kazakhstan}} 
*  In December 2024, ST Engineering announced that it had secured a strategic partnership with [[Kazakhstan Paramount Engineering]] (KPE) to set up production capabilities for a new amphibious combat vehicle based on the Terrex 2, the '''Barys-A 8×8''', in Kazakhstan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-06 |title=Stengg.com |url=https://www.stengg.com/en/newsroom/news-releases/st-engineering-achieves-new-milestone-in-international-defence/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211171726/https://www.stengg.com/en/newsroom/news-releases/st-engineering-achieves-new-milestone-in-international-defence |archive-date=2024-12-11 |access-date=2024-12-24 |work=ST Engineering Achieves New Milestone in International Defence, Enters Central Asia with Strategic Partnership}}</ref> Up to 500 vehicles will be manufactured by KPE from 2025, and will undergo trials later in the year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-04-06 |title=The Asia Live |url=https://theasialive.com/kazakhstan-terrex-barys-a-8x8-a-new-era-in-domestic-defense-manufacturing/2025/04/06/ |url-status=live |work=Kazakhstan Terrex – Barys A 8×8: A New Era in Domestic Defense Manufacturing}}</ref>

==References==
;Notes
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Terrex}}

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20161203082535/https://www.stengg.com/products-solutions/products/terrex-8x8-armoured-personnel-carrier Official Site] (Archive)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928022554/http://www.otokar.com/en/products/product_detail.aspx?urun=45 Otokar Yavuz online catalogue] (Archive)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160625081947/http://www.saic.com/about/about-saic/feature-stories/terrex2 TERREX 2: From Ship to Shore - SAIC]
*[http://www.one35th.com/terrex/terrex_index.html One35th.com with specifications]
;Video links
*{{YouTube|GrSrMCiT9hQ|Terrex AV81 Infantry Fighting Vehicle video clip}}

{{Modern IFV and APC}}
{{Singapore-designed weapons}}

[[Category:Armoured fighting vehicles of Singapore]]
[[Category:Amphibious armoured fighting vehicles]]
[[Category:Armoured fighting vehicles of the post–Cold War period]]
[[Category:Wheeled armoured fighting vehicles]]
[[Category:Otokar products]]
[[Category:Eight-wheeled vehicles]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 2000s]]
[[Category:Wheeled amphibious armoured fighting vehicles]]
[[Category:Wheeled armoured personnel carriers]]
[[Category:Armoured personnel carriers of the post–Cold War period]]