Editing Terry Lloyd

{{Short description|English television journalist (1952–2003)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name          = Terry Lloyd
| image         = <!-- just the filename, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| alt           = 
| caption       = 
| birth_name    = Terence Ellis Lloyd
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1952|11|21|df=yes}}
| birth_place   = [[Derby]], [[England]]
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|2003|03|22|1952|11|21|df=yes}}
| death_place   = [[Basra Governorate]], [[Ba'athist Iraq|Iraq]]
| nationality   = British
| occupation    = Journalist
| years_active  = 1983-2003
| known_for     = 
| notable_works =
}}
'''Terence Ellis "Terry" Lloyd''' (21 November 1952 &ndash; 22 March 2003) was an English television journalist who reported extensively from the [[Middle East]]. He was killed by the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. military]] while covering the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] for [[ITN]]. An inquest jury in the United Kingdom before Assistant Deputy [[Coroner]] Andrew Walker returned a verdict of [[unlawful killing]] on 13 October 2006 following an eight-day hearing.

==Early life and education==
Lloyd was born in [[Derby]], [[Derbyshire]],<ref>{{cite news | title=Soldier tells inquest of US fire|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5414136.stm| accessdate=2006-10-07 | date=6 October 2006 | work=BBC News}}</ref> where he worked for Raymonds News Agency, and later moved to become a regional TV reporter for ATV/[[Central Independent Television|Central Television]]. He joined ITN in 1983. His Welsh-born father, Ellis Aled Lloyd, was a police officer who was killed in an accident while answering an emergency call aged 46 in 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisisannouncements.co.uk/5861798 |title=Ellis Lloyd : Obituary |accessdate=2011-02-18 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618024555/http://www.thisisannouncements.co.uk/5861798 |archivedate=2011-06-18 }}</ref> He was the brother of the television actor [[Kevin Lloyd]], and uncle of James Lloyd, also an actor.

==Career==
In 1988, Lloyd broke the news that [[Saddam Hussein]] had used [[chemical warfare|chemical weapons]] in [[Halabja massacre|an attack in Halabja]], killing 5,000 [[Kurds]]. In 1999, he became the first foreign journalist to enter [[Kosovo]].

==Death==
Lloyd died on 22 March 2003 while covering the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] for [[ITN]]. Working as an independent reporter not "[[embedded journalism|embedded]]" with [[Multi-National Force – Iraq|coalition forces]], Lloyd and his team of two cameramen and an interpreter were caught in [[crossfire]] during fighting near the [[Shatt al-Arab|Shatt Al Basra Bridge]] in [[Basra]], [[Iraq]],<ref>{{cite news| title=Cameraman's fate remains unsolved| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/5408076.stm| accessdate=2006-10-04 | date=4 October 2006 | work=BBC News}}</ref> between [[United States|U.S.]] and [[Iraqi Republican Guard|Iraqi forces]]. His body and that of his [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] interpreter, Hussein Osman, were recovered and it was later discovered they had both been shot by [[United States military|U.S. forces]] on the road to Basra.<ref>{{cite news| title=Lloyd shot dead by US troops, inquest told| url=http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,,1889272,00.html| accessdate=2006-10-06| first=Leigh | last=Holmwood | work=The Guardian | location=London | date=6 October 2006}}</ref> [[France|French]] cameraman [[Frédéric Nérac]] is still officially classed as missing, presumed dead. [[Belgium|Belgian]] cameraman Daniel Demoustier survived. Lloyd's funeral was reported on [[ITN]] news bulletins by [[Mark Austin (journalist)|Mark Austin]] on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] and [[Samira Ahmed]] on [[Channel 4]]. At a 29 July 2003 'Embedded Journalist' symposium in Washington, D.C., journalist [[John Donvan]] said he had seen Lloyd in the town of [[Safwan, Iraq|Safwan]] two hours before he was killed. Donvan also added that his ABC news team ripped "the duct tape off the car … the tape that spelled out in eight-inch letters—TV", suggesting that both sides of the conflict were targeting independent reporting.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Foster |first=Kevin |url=https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/sites/default/files/AARC%20Occasional%20Paper%20%236%20Social%20Media%20as%20a%20Force%20Multiplier%20%28Foster%29.pdf |title=Social Media as a Force Multiplier |publisher=Australian Army Research Center |year=2021 |pages=38 |language=en |issn=2653-0414}}</ref>

==Investigation==
The [[Royal Military Police]] (RMP) carried out an investigation into the incident. Major Kay Roberts, an RMP investigator, testified at Lloyd's inquest that a videotape of the incident, taken by a cameraman attached to the U.S. unit that killed him, had been edited before it had been passed on to the British investigation. The RMP forensics expert who examined the tape concluded that about 15 minutes had been removed from the start of the recording. Roberts testified at the inquest that she was sent the tape "some months" after the incident<ref name="video">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6037171.stm |title=Lloyd video shown for first time |work=[[BBC News]] |date=10 October 2006 |accessdate=25 August 2020}}</ref> and that she was told by U.S. authorities that the footage they handed over was "everything that they had".

The ITN team were driving in two cars both clearly marked as press vehicles. Frédéric Nérac and Hussein Osman were in the car behind Lloyd and Daniel Demoustier. They encountered an Iraqi convoy at the [[Shatt al-Arab|Shatt Al Basra Bridge]] in [[Basra]], [[Iraq]]. Nérac and Osman were taken out of their car and made to get into an Iraqi vehicle. The British investigation into the incident established the convoy was escorting a [[Baath Party]] leader to Basra. American forces shot at the Iraqi convoy, killing Osman: Nérac's body has not been recovered, but the investigation found that he was unlikely to have survived.<ref name="video" /> Frédéric Nérac's wife Fabienne Mercier-Nérac testified that she had received a letter from U.S. authorities who denied being at the scene when the ITN News team was attacked.

Demoustier and Lloyd, still in the ITN car, were caught in [[crossfire]] between the [[Republican Guard (Iraq)|Iraqi Republican Guard]] and American forces. Lloyd was hit by an Iraqi bullet, an injury from which he could have recovered. He was put into a civilian [[minibus]] that had stopped to pick up casualties. [[Forensic identification|Forensic evidence]] presented at the inquest shows [[United States|U.S.]] forces shot at the minibus after it had turned to leave the area, killing Lloyd outright. Demoustier survived.

==Inquest==
The [[inquest]] on Lloyd's death was held in October 2006 in [[Oxfordshire]], and lasted eight days, recording the verdict on 13 October 2006. The Assistant Deputy [[Coroner]], [[Andrew Walker (barrister)|Andrew Walker]], recorded a verdict of [[unlawful killing]] by the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. military]], and announced he would write to the [[Director of Public Prosecutions#England and Wales|Director of Public Prosecutions]] asking for him to investigate the possibility of bringing charges.

Andrew Walker formally cleared [[ITN]] of any blame for Lloyd's death, and said that in his view the [[United States|U.S.]] [[tank]]s had been first to open fire on the [[ITN]] crew's two vehicles. However, in the same document, he says he "was unable to determine whether the bullets that killed Lloyd in southern Iraq on 22 March 2003, were fired by [[United States Army|U.S. ground forces]] or helicopters." Lloyd "would probably have survived the first [Iraqi] bullet wound" but was killed as he was being carried away from the fighting in the civilian minibus. Walker said: "If the vehicle was perceived as a threat, it would have been fired on before it did a [[U-turn]]. This would have resulted in damage to the front of the vehicle. I have no doubt it was the fact that the vehicle stopped to pick up survivors that prompted the [[United States|Americans]] to fire on that vehicle."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6046950.stm |title=US forces killed ITN man in Iraq |work=BBC News |date=13 October 2006 |accessdate=2009-09-13}}</ref> The [[National Union of Journalists]] said Lloyd's killing was a [[war crime]].<ref>[http://www.nuj.org.uk/inner.php?docid=1494 IFJ challenges US after unlawful killing verdict] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208214910/http://www.nuj.org.uk/inner.php?docid=1494 |date=8 February 2007 }}</ref>

On 25 October 2006, [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]] leader [[Sir Menzies Campbell]] raised the matter at [[Prime Minister's Questions]] (PMQs), asking "When may we expect the [[Attorney-General]] to make an application for the extradition and trial in Britain of those American soldiers against whom there is a ''[[prima facie]]'' case for the unlawful killing in Iraq of the ITN journalist Terry Lloyd?"<ref name="hansard">{{Cite Hansard|house=House of Commons |title=Oral Answers to Questions: Prime Minister |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmhansrd/vo061025/debtext/61025-0003.htm#06102570001883 |date=25 October 2006 |column=1512 |accessdate=25 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6083962.stm |title=Extradite US soldiers - Campbell |work=[[BBC News]] |date=25 October 2006 |accessdate=25 August 2020}}</ref>

On 19 March 2007, [[BBC]] reported that ITN had released the names of the 16 [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marines]] in the unit involved in Lloyd's death.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6468713.stm|title=Lloyd death: ITN names US troops |publisher=BBC |date=19 March 2007 |accessdate=2009-09-13}}</ref> Despite the inquest verdict of unlawful killing, the [[Crown Prosecution Service]] decided in July 2008 that there was "insufficient evidence" to prosecute Lloyd's killers.<ref>{{cite news|author=Press Association writer|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/cps-rules-out-terry-lloyd-prosecution-879108.html|title=CPS rules out Terry Lloyd prosecution|work=The Independent|date=28 July 2008 | location=London}}</ref>

==References==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.theguardian.com/Iraq/Story/0,2763,920672,00.html Obituary: Terry Lloyd] ([[The Guardian]])
*[http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/58315 Lloyd's daughter demands inquiry into father's death] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310152843/http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/58315 |date=10 March 2007 }} - [[International Freedom of Expression Exchange|IFEX]]
*[http://uk.news.yahoo.com/06102006/344/tank-shot-lloyd-itn-team.html Inquiry reveals military cover up]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6046950.stm US forces killed ITN man in Iraq ]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929111210/http://www.itv.com/news/index_bcb200049a635c99b2462da8213660d5.html ITN - Lloyd footage may have been edited] ([[ITV.com|itv.com]])
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2877767.stm BBC News - Profile: Terry Lloyd] - 23 March 2003
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060905075037/http://www.fred-nerac.info/ukartdesmout.htm Incident Account by Daniel Demoustier]
*[http://members.lycos.co.uk/desmoutier/ google cache of Incident Account by Daniel Demoustier]{{Dead link|date=December 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/article/021006/nuj_speaksa_out_on_eve_of_terry_lloyd_inquest Online Press Gazette - NUJ speaks out on eve of Terry Lloyd inquest]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - 2/10/06
*[http://www.nuj.org.uk/ National Union of Journalists]
*[http://www.rsf.org/ Reporters Sans Frontieres] - available in three languages
*{{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20130414115246/http://www.asiansinmedia.org/jobs/details.php?id=104 AIM Magazine - The Terry Lloyd Memorial Bursary]}} - 8/10/06

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lloyd, Terry}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:English reporters and correspondents]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Iraq]]
[[Category:ITN newsreaders and journalists]]
[[Category:Journalists killed while covering the Iraq War]]
[[Category:People from Derby]]
[[Category:English people of Welsh descent]]
[[Category:English war correspondents]]
[[Category:English people murdered abroad]]