Editing Text editor

{{Short description|Computer software used to edit plain text documents}}
{{for|the use of text editors with Wikipedia|Help:Text editor support|selfref=y}}

[[File:Leafpad-screenshot.png|right|thumb|Editors like [[Leafpad]], shown here, are often included with operating systems as a default [[helper application]] for opening text files.]]

A '''text editor''' is a type of [[computer program]] that edits [[plain text]]. An example of such program is "'''notepad'''" software (e.g. [[Windows Notepad]]).<ref>{{cite book |author1=H. Albert Napier|author2= Ollie N. Rivers|author3=Stuart Wagner|date= 2005 |title= Creating a Winning E-Business|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=IZQFAAAAQBAJ&q=%22notepad+software%22+%22text+editor%22&pg=PA330|publisher= Cengage Learning |page= 330|isbn=1111796092}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Peter Norton|author2= Scott H. Clark|date= 2002 |title= Peter Norton's New Inside the PC|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=O0FTac_k7CIC&q=%22Notepad+software%22&pg=PA54|publisher= Sams Publishing |page= 54|isbn=0672322897}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=L. Gopalakrishnan |author2= G. Padmanabhan |author3= Sudhat Shukla |date= 2003 |title= Your Home PC: Making the Most of Your Personal Computer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7NKLlw5KAbYC&q=%22notepad+software%22+%22text+editor%22&pg=PA190 |publisher=[[Tata McGraw-Hill Education]] |page= 190 |isbn= 0070473544}}</ref> Text editors are provided with [[operating system]]s and software development packages, and can be used to change files such as [[configuration file]]s, documentation files and [[programming language]] [[source code]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.howtogeek.com/112385/the-best-free-text-editors-for-windows-and-linux/ |title=The Best Free Text Editors for Windows, Linux, and Mac |date=28 April 2012 |quote=Every operating system comes with a default, basic text editor, but most of us install our own enhanced text editors to get more features.}}</ref>

==Plain text and rich text==
{{main|Plain text|Rich text}}

There are important differences between plain text (created and edited by text editors) and [[rich text]] (such as that created by [[word processor]]s or [[desktop publishing software]]). 

Plain text exclusively consists of character representation. Each character is represented by a fixed-length sequence of one, two, or four bytes, or as a variable-length sequence of one to four bytes, in accordance to specific [[character encoding]] conventions, such as [[ASCII]], [[ISO/IEC 2022|ISO/IEC&nbsp;2022]], [[Shift JIS]], [[UTF-8]], or [[UTF-16]]. These conventions define many printable characters, but also [[whitespace character|non-printing characters]] that control the flow of the text, such as [[Space (punctuation)|space]], [[newline|line break]], and [[page break]]. Plain text contains no other information about the text itself, not even the character encoding convention employed. Plain text is stored in [[text file]]s, although text files do not exclusively store plain text. Since the early days of computers, plain text was (once by necessity and now by convention) generally displayed using a [[monospace font]], such that horizontal alignment and columnar formatting were sometimes done using whitespace characters.

Rich text, on the other hand, may contain metadata, character formatting data (e.g. [[Font#Characteristics|typeface, size, weight and style]]), paragraph formatting data (e.g. indentation, alignment, letter and word distribution, and space between lines or other paragraphs), and page specification data (e.g. size, margin and reading direction). Rich text can be very complex. Rich text can be saved in [[binary format]] (e.g. [[Doc (computing)|DOC]]), text files adhering to a [[markup language]] (e.g. [[Rich Text Format|RTF]] or [[HTML]]), or in a hybrid form of both (e.g. [[Office Open XML]]).

Text editors are intended to open and save text files containing either plain text or anything that can be interpreted as plain text, including the markup for rich text or the markup for something else (e.g. [[Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG]]).

==History==
[[File:PunchCardDecks.agr.jpg|thumb|A box of [[punched cards]] with several program decks.]]
Before text editors existed, computer text was punched into [[punched cards|cards]] with [[keypunch]] machines.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Louden |first1=Kenneth C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DcgIAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |title=Programming Languages: Principles and Practices |last2=Lambert |first2=Kenneth A. |date=2011-01-26 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-133-38749-7 |pages=5 |language=en}}</ref> Physical boxes of these thin cardboard cards were then inserted into a [[Punched card input/output|card reader]]. [[Magnetic tape]], [[Magnetic drum|drum]] and [[Hard disk drive|disk]] [[card image]] files created from such card decks often had no line-separation characters at all, and assumed fixed-length{{efn|By the late 1960s editors were available that supported variable-length records.}} 80- or 90-character<ref>{{cite manual
 | title       = UNIVAC II Data Automation System
 | section     = UNIVAC 90-COLUMN PUNCHED 'CARD-TO-MAGNETIC TAPE CONVERTER
 | section-url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/univac/univac2/UnivacII_Programming_1957.pdf#page=252
 | page        = 246
 | year        = 1957
 | url         = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/univac/univac2/UnivacII_Programming_1957.pdf
 | publisher   = [[Remington-Rand]] Univac Division of [[Sperry Rand]] Corporation
 | access-date = December 16, 2022
 }},
</ref> records.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Alavudeen |first1=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GlL0TO6n320C&pg=PA180 |title=Computer Integrated Manufacturing |last2=Venkateshwaran |first2=N. |date=2008-08-18 |publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-203-3345-1 |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref> An alternative to cards was [[Punched tape]]. It could be created by some [[teleprinter]]s (such as the Teletype), which used special characters to indicate ends of records.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Upton |first1=Eben |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P6XkDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA232 |title=Learning Computer Architecture with Raspberry Pi |last2=Duntemann |first2=Jeffrey |last3=Roberts |first3=Ralph |last4=Mamtora |first4=Tim |last5=Everard |first5=Ben |date=2016-08-22 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-18394-5 |pages=232–234 |language=en}}</ref> Some early operating systems included batch text editors, either integrated with language processors or as separate utility programs; one early example was the ability to edit [[SQUOZE]] source files for SCAT<ref>{{cite manual
 | title       = SOS Reference Manual
 | section     = Modify and Load
 | section-url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/share/SOS_Reference_Manual_Jun61.pdf#page=95
 | page        = 05.01.01
 | date        = November 1959
 | orig-date   = Distribution No.1 published in 1959
 | url         = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/share/SOS_Reference_Manual_Jun61.pdf
 | publisher   = [[IBM]]
 | access-date = December 15, 2022
 }}
</ref> in the [[SHARE Operating System]].

The first interactive text editors were [[Line editor|"line editors"]] oriented to teleprinter- or [[typewriter]]-style terminals without displays. Commands (often a single keystroke) effected edits to a file at an imaginary insertion point called the "cursor". Edits were verified by typing a command to print a small section of the file, and periodically by printing the entire file. In some line editors, the cursor could be moved by commands that specified the line number in the file, text [[string (computer science)|strings]] (context) for which to search, and eventually [[regular expression]]s. Line editors were major improvements over keypunching. Some line editors could be used by keypunch; editing commands could be taken from a deck of cards and applied to a specified file. Some common line editors supported a "verify" mode in which change commands displayed the altered lines.

When [[computer terminal]]s with video screens became available, screen-based text editors (sometimes called just "screen editors"){{anchor|screen-based text editor}} became common. One of the earliest full-screen editors was [[O26 (text editor)|O26]], which was written for the operator console of the [[CDC 6000 series]] computers in 1967. Another early full-screen editor was [[Vi (text editor)|vi]]. Written in the 1970s, it is still a standard editor<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/vi.html |publisher = The IEEE and The Open Group |title = The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition |year = 2004 |access-date = January 18, 2010 }}</ref> on [[Unix]] and [[Linux]] operating systems.  Also written in the 1970s was the [[UCSD Pascal]] Screen Oriented Editor, which was optimized both for indented source code and general text.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=L. Bowles |first1=Kenneth |last2=Hollan |first2=James |date= 1978-07-01 |title=An introduction to the UCSD PASCAL system|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226182032 |journal=Behavior Research Methods |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=531–534 |doi= 10.3758/BF03205341|doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Emacs]], one of the first [[free and open source software|free and open-source software]] projects, is another early full-screen or real-time editor, one that was [[port (software)|ported]] to many systems.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/tutorials/au-emacs1/index.html |title = Introducing the Emacs editing environment |website = [[IBM]] |access-date = 2014-06-06 |archive-date = 2014-06-06 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140606233857/http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/tutorials/au-emacs1/index.html |url-status = dead }}</ref> The 1977 [[Commodore PET]] was the first mass-market computer to feature a full-screen editor. A full-screen editor's ease-of-use and speed (compared to the line-based editors) motivated many early purchases of video terminals.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.multicians.org/mepap.html |title = Multics Emacs: The History, Design and Implementation |quote = Some Multics users purchased these terminals ..., using them either as "glass teletypes" or via "local editing." }}</ref>

The core data structure in a text editor is the one that manages the string (sequence of characters) or list of [[Storage record|record]]s that represents the current state of the file being edited.
While the former could be stored in a single long consecutive [[array data structure|array]] of characters,
the desire for text editors that could more quickly insert text, delete text, and undo/redo previous edits led to the development of more complicated sequence data structures.<ref>
Charles Crowley.
[https://www.cs.unm.edu/~crowley/papers/sds.pdf "Data Structures for Text Sequences"].
Section
[http://www.cs.unm.edu/~crowley/papers/sds/node1.html "Introduction"].
</ref>
A typical text editor uses a [[gap buffer]], a [[linked list]] of lines (as in [[PaperClip]]), a [[piece table]], or a [[rope (data structure)|rope]], as its sequence data structure.

==Types of text editors==
[[File:Colorsyntax.png|thumbnail|right|Emacs, a text editor popular among programmers, running on [[Microsoft Windows]]]]
[[File:Gedit 3.32 screenshot.png|thumb|[[gedit]] is a text editor shipped with [[GNOME]]]]
Some text editors are small and simple, while others offer broad and complex functions. For example, [[Unix]] and Unix-like operating systems have the [[pico (text editor)|pico]] editor (or a variant), but many also include the [[Vi (text editor)|vi]] and Emacs editors. [[Microsoft Windows]] systems come with the simple [[Notepad (Windows)|Notepad]], though many people&mdash;especially programmers&mdash;prefer other [[:Category:Windows text editors|editors]] with more features. Under [[Apple Macintosh]]'s [[classic Mac OS]] there was the native [[TeachText]] later replaced by [[SimpleText]] in 1994, which was replaced in [[Mac OS X]] by [[TextEdit]], which combines features of a text editor with those typical of a word processor such as rulers, margins and multiple font selection. These features are not available simultaneously, but must be switched by user command, or through the program automatically determining the [[file type]]. 

Most word processors can read and write files in plain text format, allowing them to open files saved from text editors. Saving these files from a word processor, however, requires ensuring the file is written in [[plain text]] format, and that any [[text encoding]] or [[Byte Order Mark|BOM]] settings will not obscure the file for its intended use. Non-[[WYSIWYG]] word processors, such as [[WordStar]], are more easily pressed into service as text editors, and in fact were commonly used as such during the 1980s. The default [[file format]] of these word processors often resembles a markup language, with the basic format being plain text and visual formatting achieved using non-printing [[control characters]] or [[escape sequence]]s. Later word processors like [[Microsoft Word]] store their files in a [[binary format]] and are almost never used to edit plain text files.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.cprogramming.com/texteditors.html |title=Text Editors for Programmeres - Programming Tools |quote=If you open a .doc file in a text editor, you will notice that most of the file is formatting codes.  Text editors, however, do not add formatting codes, which makes it easier to compile your code.}}</ref>

Some text editors can [[Memory-mapped file|edit unusually large files]] such as [[logfile|log files]] or an entire [[database]] placed in a single file. Simpler text editors may just read files into the computer's main [[Random access memory|memory]]. With larger files, this may be a slow process, and the entire file may not fit.  Some text editors do not let the user start editing until this read-in is complete. Editing performance also often suffers in nonspecialized editors, with the editor taking seconds or even minutes to respond to keystrokes or navigation commands. Specialized editors have optimizations such as only storing the visible portion of large files in memory, improving editing performance.

Some editors are programmable, meaning, e.g., they can be customized for specific uses. With a programmable editor it is easy to automate repetitive tasks or, add new functionality or even implement a new application within the framework of the editor.  One common motive for customizing is to make a text editor use the commands of another text editor with which the user is more familiar, or to duplicate missing functionality the user has come to depend on. Software developers often use editor customizations tailored to the programming language or development environment they are working in. The programmability of some text editors is limited to enhancing the core editing functionality of the program, but [[Emacs]] can be extended far beyond editing text files&mdash;for web browsing, reading email, online chat, managing files or playing games and is often thought of as a Lisp execution environment with a [[Text User Interface]]. Emacs can even be programmed to emulate [[Vi (text editor)|Vi]], its rival in the traditional [[editor wars]] of [[Unix philosophy|Unix culture]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://juanjoalvarez.net/posts/2014/vim-emacsevil-chaotic-migration-guide/|title=Vim to Emacs' Evil chaotic migration guide|website=juanjoalvarez.net|date=19 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://gitorious.org/evil/pages/Home%7ctitle=Evil |title= Gitorious |access-date= 27 May 2015 |archive-date= 28 May 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150528010711/https://gitorious.org/evil/pages/Home%7ctitle=Evil |url-status= dead }}</ref>

An important group of programmable editors uses [[REXX]]{{efn|Originally macros were written in assembler, [[CLIST]] ([[Time Sharing Option|TSO]]), [[EXEC|CMS EXEC]] ([[VM (operating system)|VM]]), [[EXEC2]] (VM/SE) or [[PL/I]], but most users dropped CLIST, EXEC and EXEC2 once REXX was available.}} as a scripting language. These "orthodox editors" contain a "command line" into which commands and macros can be typed and text lines into which line commands{{efn|A line command is a command typed into the sequence number entry area associated with a specific line of text and whose scope is limited to that line, or, in the case of a block command, associated with the block of lines between the beginning and ending line commands. An example of the latter would be typing the command '''ucc''' (block upper case) into the entry areas of two lines; this has the same effect as typing '''uc''' (upper case) into the entry area of each line in the range.}} and macros can be typed. Most such editors are derivatives of [[ISPF|ISPF/PDF]] [[ISPF#ISPF Editor|EDIT]] or of [[XEDIT]], IBM's flagship editor for [[VM (operating system)|VM/SP]] through [[z/VM]]. Among them are [[The Hessling Editor|THE]], [[XEDIT#PC and Unix adaptations|KEDIT]], X2, Uni-edit, and [[XEDIT#PC and Unix adaptations|SEDIT]].

A text editor written or customized for a specific use can determine what the user is editing and assist the user, often by [[autocomplete|completing]] programming terms and showing [[tooltip]]s with relevant documentation.  Many text editors for software developers include source code [[syntax highlighting]] and automatic [[indent style|indentation]] to make programs easier to read and write.  Programming editors often let the user select the name of an [[include file]], [[function (programming)|function]] or [[variable (programming)|variable]], then jump to its definition. Some also allow for easy navigation back to the original section of code by storing the initial cursor location or by displaying the requested definition in a [[popup window]] or temporary buffer. Some editors implement this ability themselves, but often an auxiliary utility like [[ctags]] is used to locate the definitions.

==Typical features==
* Find and replace – Text editors provide extensive facilities for searching and replacing strings of text, either individually, or groups of files in opened tabs or a selected folder. Advanced editors can use [[regular expression]]s to search and edit text or code. Additional features may include optional [[case sensitivity]], a history of search terms for quick recall and [[autocomplete|autocompletion]], and listing multiple results in one place.<ref>{{cite web |title=Searching|url=https://npp-user-manual.org/docs/searching/ |website=Notepad++ User Manual|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2021}}
* [[Cut, copy, and paste]] – most text editors provide methods to duplicate and move text within the file, or between files.
* Ability to handle [[UTF-8]] encoded text.
* [[Text formatting]] – Text editors often provide basic visual formatting features like [[line wrap]], [[indentation (typesetting)|auto-indentation]], [[bullet list]] formatting using [[ASCII]] characters, [[Comment (computer programming)|comment formatting]], [[syntax highlighting]] and so on. These are typically only for display and do not insert formatting codes into the file itself.
* [[Undo|Undo and redo]] – As with word processors, text editors provide a way to undo and redo the last edit, or more.  Often&mdash;especially with older text editors&mdash;there is only one level of edit history remembered and successively issuing the undo command will only "toggle" the last change.  Modern or more complex editors usually provide a multiple-level history such that issuing the undo command repeatedly will revert the document to successively older edits.  A separate redo command will cycle the edits "forward" toward the most recent changes.  The number of changes remembered depends upon the editor and is often configurable by the user.
* Ability to jump to a specified line number.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}

==Advanced features==
* Macro or procedure definition: to define new commands or features as combinations of prior commands or other macros, perhaps with passed parameters, or with nesting of macros.
* Profiles to retain options set by the user between editing session.
* Profile macros with names specified in, e.g., environment, profile, executed automatically at the beginning of an edit session or when opening a new file.
* Multi-file editing: the ability to edit multiple files during an edit-session, perhaps remembering the current-line cursor of each file, to insert repeated text into each file, copy or move text among files, [[file comparison|compare files]] side-by-side (perhaps with a tiled [[multiple-document interface]]), etc.
* Multi-view editors: the ability to display multiple views of the same file, with independent cursor tracking, synchronizing changes among the windows but providing the same facilities as are available for independent files.
* Collapse/expand, also called [[code folding|folding]]: the ability to temporarily exclude sections of the text from view. This may either be based on a range of line numbers or on some syntactic element, e.g., excluding everything between a '''BEGIN;''' and the matching '''END;'''.
* Column-based editing; the ability to alter or insert data at a particular column, or to shift data to specific columns.
* [[Data transformation]] – Reading or merging the contents of another text file into the file currently being edited.  Some text editors provide a way to insert the output of a command issued to the operating system's [[command-line interpreter|shell]]. Also, a case-shifting feature could translate to lowercase or uppercase.
* [[Filter (software)|Filtering]] – Some advanced text editors allow the editor to send all or sections of the file being edited to another utility and read the result back into the file in place of the lines being "filtered".  This, for example, is useful for sorting a series of lines alphabetically or numerically, doing mathematical computations, indenting [[source code]], and so on.
* [[Syntax highlighting]] – contextually highlights [[source code]], [[markup language]]s, [[config file]]s and other text that appears in an organized or predictable format. Editors generally allow users to customize the colors or styles used for each language element. Some text editors also allow users to install and use [[theme (computing)|theme]]s to change the [[look and feel]] of the editor's entire [[user interface]].
* Syntax-oriented editors - some editors have support for the syntax of one or more languages, and allow operations in terms of syntactical unit, e.g., insert a new '''WHEN''' clause in a '''SELECT''' statement.
* [[Extensibility]] - a text editor intended for use by programmers must provide some [[plug-in (computing)|plugin]] mechanism, or be [[scripting language|scriptable]], so a programmer can customize the editor with features needed to manage individual software projects, customize functionality or [[key bindings]] for specific [[programming language]]s or [[version control]] systems, or conform to specific [[coding style]]s.
* [[Cursor_(user_interface)#Text_cursor|Cursor]] navigation may vary across text editors. For example, pressing <kbd>End</kbd> twice may navigate to the end of a [[Line wrap and word wrap|wrapped line]] after one press navigated to the end of an on-screen row of text. [[Block-oriented terminal]]s typically have dedicated cursor movement keys, as do keyboards on personal computers.
* [[Command-line interface#Application command-line interfaces|Command line]] - some editors, e.g., [[ISPF]], [[XEDIT]], have a dedicated field on the screen for entering commands as opposed to text. Depending on the editor, the user may have to use cursor keys to switch between the command and text fields or the editor may interpret, e.g., specific function keys , as requests to switch.
* Line commands, also known as prefix commands or sequence commands - Some editors treat a file as an array of text lines with associated line numbers or sequence numbers, and have a distinct line number field for each text field. A line command is a string that the user types into a line number field and that the editor recognizes as a command operating on that specific line or block of lines, e.g., '''LC''' to translate a line to lower case, '''))3''' to shift a block right three columns. Some editors also support line macros, also known as prefix macros or sequence macros. Despite the name ''prefix command'', some editors allow the sequence field to appear after the text field.
* Text editors, especially [[source-code editor]]s, often default to using a monospace font that clearly distinguishes between similar characters ([[homoglyph]]s) such as the colon and the semicolon.<ref>
Philipp Acsany.
[https://realpython.com/coding-font/ "Choosing the Best Coding Font for Programming"].
2023.
</ref>

==Specialized editors==
Some editors include special features and extra functions, for instance,

* [[Source code editor]]s are text editors with additional functionality to facilitate the production of source code.  These often feature user-programmable syntax highlighting and code navigation functions as well as coding tools or keyboard [[Macro (computer science)|macros]] similar to an HTML editor.
* [[Folding editor]]s. This subclass includes so-called "orthodox editors" that are derivatives of Xedit. Editors that implement folding without programing-specific features are usually called outliners (see below). 
* [[Outliner]]s. Also called tree-based editors, because they combine a hierarchical outline [[tree view]] with a text editor. Folding (see above) can be considered a specialized form of outlining.
* [[Integrated development environment|IDE]]s (integrated development environments) are designed to manage and streamline large programming projects.  They are usually only used for programming as they contain many features unnecessary for simple text editing.
* [[World Wide Web]] authors are offered a variety of [[HTML editor]]s dedicated to the task of creating [[web page]]s. These include: [[Dreamweaver]], [[KompoZer]] and [[E Text Editor]].  Many offer the option of viewing a work in progress on a built-in [[Web browser engine|HTML rendering engine]] or standard [[web browser]]. However, most [[web development]] is done in a [[dynamic programming language]] such as [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]] or [[PHP]] using a source code editor or IDE. The HTML delivered by all but the simplest static web sites is stored as individual [[template file]]s that are assembled by the software controlling the site and do not compose a complete HTML document.
* Mathematicians, physicists, and computer scientists often produce articles and books using [[TeX]] or [[LaTeX]] in plain text files. Such documents are often produced by a standard text editor, but some people use specialized [[TeX#Editors|TeX editors]].
* [[Collaborative real-time editing|Collaborative editors]] allow multiple users to work on the same document simultaneously from remote locations over a network. The changes made by individual users are tracked and merged into the document automatically to eliminate the possibility of conflicting edits. These editors also typically include an [[online chat]] component for discussion among editors.
* [[Distraction-free editor]]s provide a [[Minimalism (computing)|minimalistic]] interface with the purpose of isolating the writer from the rest of the applications and operating system, thus being able to focus on the writing without distractions from interface elements like a [[toolbar]] or [[notification area]].

Programmable editors can usually be enhanced to perform any or all of these functions, but simpler editors focus on just one, or, like [[gPHPedit]], are targeted at a single programming language.

==See also==
{{cols}}
* [[List of text editors]]
* [[Comparison of text editors]]
* [[Editor war]]
* [[File viewer]] – does not change file, faster for very large files and can be more secure
* [[Hex editor]] – used for editing binary files
* [[sed|Stream editor]] – used for non-interactive editing
* [[Structure editor]] – any document editor that is cognizant of the document's underlying structure
* [[WYSIWYG]] – an acronym for What You See Is What You Get
* [[Visual editor]] – computer software for editing text files using a textual or graphical user interface
{{colend}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|33em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.softpanorama.org/Editors/index.shtml Orthodox Editors as a Special Class of Advanced Editors], discusses Xedit and its clones with an emphasis of folding capabilities and programmability

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Text editors| ]]
[[Category:Technical communication tools]]