Editing Thai numerals

{{Short description|Notation for expressing numbers in Thai}}
{{Numeral systems}}

[[File:Thai_numeral_1_-_neung.jpg|thumb|The notation for the number 1 in Thai language.]]
'''Thai numerals''' ({{langx|th|เลขไทย}}, {{RTGS|''lek thai''}}, {{IPA|th|lêːk tʰāj|pron}}) are a set of numerals traditionally used in [[Thailand]], although the [[Arabic numerals]] are more common due to extensive [[westernization]] of Thailand in the modern [[Rattanakosin|Rattanakosin period]]. Thai numerals follow the [[Hindu–Arabic numeral system]] commonly used in the rest of the world. In Thai language, numerals often follow the modified noun and precede a measure word, although variations to this pattern occur.

==Usage==
The [[Thai language#Nouns|Thai language]] lacks [[grammatical number]]. A [[counting|count]] is usually expressed in the form of an [[inflection|uninflected]] noun followed by a number and a classifier.  "Five teachers" is expressed as "teacher five person" {{lang|th-Latn|khru ha khon}} ({{langx|th|ครูห้าคน}} or with the numeral included {{langx|th|ครู ๕ คน}}.) {{lang|th-Latn|Khon}} "person" is a type of [[referent]] noun that is also used as the Thai [[part of speech]] called in English a [[Classifier (linguistics)|linguistic classifier]], or [[measure word]]. In Thai, counting is ''kannap'' ({{lang|th|การนับ}}; ''nap'' is "to count", ''kan'' is a prefix that forms a noun from a verb); the classifier, ''laksananam'' ({{lang|th|ลักษณนาม}} from ''laksana'' characteristic, form, attribute, quality, pattern, style; and ''nam'' name, designation, appellation.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thai-language.com/id/207260|title= ลักษณนาม
|editor= Glenn S.|date=  May 21, 2013|format= Dictionary|work= Royal Institute Dictionary - 1982|publisher=  Thai-language.com
|access-date=  May 21, 2013|quote= [grammar] a classifier, a numerative noun}}</ref>) Variations to this pattern do occur, and there really is no [[Hierarchical classifier|hierarchy]] among Thai classifiers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Paper/4812546 |title=Constructing Taxonomy of Numerative Classifiers for Asian Languages |access-date=2011-06-04 |archive-date=2012-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911161047/http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Paper/4812546 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
A partial list of Thai words that also classify nouns can be found in Wiktionary category: [[wikt::Category:Thai classifiers|Thai classifiers]]

==Main numbers==

===Zero to ten===
Thai [[wikt:ศูนย์|sūn]] (zero) is written as oval [[0 (number)]] when using Arabic numerals, but a small circle {{lang|th|๐}} when using traditional numerals, and also means ''[[wikt:centre|centre]]'' in other contexts.<ref>[http://english-thai-dictionary.com/index.php?cx=partner-pub-8360351822208958%3Azew6y8qyzco&cof=FORID%3A10&ie=UTF-8&q=%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C&sa=Dictionary-search&fields%5B%5D=related&siteurl=english-thai-dictionary.com%2F#911 English-Thai reverse lookup and synonyms]</ref> It is from [[Sanskrit]] ''[[śūnya]]'', as are the (context-driven) [[#Alternate numbers|alternate names for numbers]] one to four given below; but not the counting [[1 (number)]]. 

Thai names for ''N'' +1 and the regular digits 2 through 9 as shown in the table, below, resemble those in [[Varieties of Chinese|Chinese varieties]] (e.g., [[Cantonese language|Cantonese]] and [[Min Nan]]) as spoken in [[Southern China]], the homeland of the overseas Chinese living in South East Asia. In fact, the etymology of Thai numerals 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 is [[Middle Chinese]], while the etymology of Thai numeral 5 is [[Old Chinese]], as illustrated in the table below.<ref name="suthiwan">{{cite book|last=Suthiwan|first=Titima|author2=Uri Tadmor |title=Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook|editor=Martin Haspelmath|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|date=2009|pages=606|isbn=9783110218442}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="4" |Number!! colspan="5" |Thai
! rowspan="4" |Etymology
! colspan="7" |Southern [[Sinitic languages]]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Numeral
! rowspan="3" |Written
! rowspan="3" |[[Royal Thai General System of Transcription|RTGS]]
! rowspan="3" |[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! rowspan="3" |Archaic
! colspan="4" |[[Southern Min]] (Min Nan)
! rowspan="3" |[[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]
! colspan="2" |[[Yue Chinese|Yue]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Hokkien]]
! colspan="2" |[[Chaoshan Min|TeoSwa]] ([[Teochew dialect|Teochew]] / [[Swatow dialect|Swatow]])
! rowspan="2" |[[Cantonese]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Taishanese|Hoisanese / Taishanese]]
|-
![[Vernacular reading|Vernacular]]
![[Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters|Literary]]
![[Vernacular reading|Vernacular]]
![[Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters|Literary]]
|-
| 0||๐||ศูนย์||sun||{{IPA|/sǔːn/}}|| ||[[Sanskrit]] śūnya
|空 (khòng, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /kʰɔŋ²¹<sup>/</sup>⁴¹/)
|零 (lêng, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /liɪŋ²⁴<sup>/</sup>¹³/)
|空 (khàng, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /kʰaŋ²¹³/)
|零 (lêng, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /leŋ⁵⁵/)
|零 (làng, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /laŋ¹¹/)
|零 (ling<sup>4</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /lɪŋ²¹/)
|零 (len<sup>3</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /len²²/)
|-
| 1||๑||หนึ่ง||nueng||{{IPA|/nɯ̀ŋ/}}||อ้าย (ai)||[[Proto-Tai]] *{{IPA|/nʉŋ/}}<ref name="suthiwan" />
|蜀 (chi̍t, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /t͡sit̚⁴<sup>/</sup>²⁴<sup>/</sup>¹²¹/)
|一 (it, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /it̚³²<sup>/</sup>⁵/)
|蜀 (tse̍k / tse̍h, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /t͡sek̚⁴/, /t͡seʔ⁴/)
|一 (ik / ek, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /ik̚²/, /ek̚²/)
|一 (yit, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]:  /(j)it̚²/)
|一 (yāt / jat<sup>1</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /jɐt̚⁵/)
|一 (yit<sup>2</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /jit̚⁵⁵/)
|-
| 2||๒||สอง||song||{{IPA|/sɔ̌ːŋ/}}||ยี่ (yi)||[[Middle Chinese]] {{IPA|/ʃˠʌŋ/}}<ref name="suthiwan" /> and {{IPA|/ȵiɪ}}<sup>H</sup>/<ref name="suthiwan" /> 
|兩 (nn̄g/nňg/nō͘, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /nŋ̍²²/, /nŋ̍²²/, /nɔ̃²²/), 雙 (siang/sang, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /siaŋ⁴⁴/, /saŋ³³/, lit. "pair")
|二 (lī / jī, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /li²²<sup>/</sup>⁴¹/, /d͡zi²²/), 雙 (song, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /sɔŋ⁴⁴<sup>/</sup>³³/, lit. "pair")
|二/兩 (nŏ, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /no³⁵/), 雙 (sang, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /saŋ³³/, lit. "pair")
|二 (jĭ / jī, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /d͡zi³⁵/, /d͡zi¹¹/), 雙 (sang, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /saŋ³³/, lit. "pair")
|二 (ngi, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /ŋi⁵⁵/, /ŋi⁵³/), 雙 (sûng, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /suŋ²⁴/, /sʊŋ⁴⁴/, lit. "pair")
|二 (yih / ji<sup>6</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /jiː²²/, 雙 (soeng<sup>1</sup>, sung<sup>1</sup>, lit. "pair" [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /sœːŋ⁵⁵/, /sʊŋ⁵⁵/)
|二 (ngei<sup>5</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /ᵑɡei³²/, 雙 (song<sup>1</sup>, lit. "pair" [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /sɔŋ³³/)
|-
| 3||๓||สาม||sam||{{IPA|/sǎːm/}}||สาม (sam)||[[Middle Chinese]] {{IPA|/sɑm/}}<ref name="suthiwan" />
|三 (saⁿ, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /sã⁴⁴<sup>/</sup>³³/)
|三 (sam, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /sam⁴⁴<sup>/</sup>³³/)
|三 (saⁿ, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /sã³³/)
|三 (sam, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /sam³³/)
|三 (sâm, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /sam²⁴<sup>/</sup>⁴⁴/)
|三 (saam<sup>1</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /saːm⁵⁵/)
|三 (lham<sup>1</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /ɬam³³/)
|-
| 4||๔||สี่||si||{{IPA|/sìː/}}||ไส (sai)||[[Middle Chinese]] {{IPA|/siɪ}}<sup>H</sup>/<ref name="suthiwan" />
|四 (sì, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /si²¹<sup>/</sup>⁴¹/)
|四 (sù / sìr / sì, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /su²¹/, /sɯ⁴¹/, /si⁴¹/)
|四 (sì, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /si²¹³/)
|四 (sì, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /si²¹³/)
|四 (si, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /si⁵⁵<sup>/</sup>⁵³/)
|四 (sei<sup>3</sup>, si<sup>3</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /sei̯³³/, /siː³³/)
|四 (lhei<sup>1</sup>, lhu<sup>1</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /ɬei³³/, /ɬu³³/)
|-
| 5||๕||ห้า||ha||{{IPA|/hâː/}}||งั่ว (ngua)||[[Old Chinese]] {{IPA|/*ŋaːʔ/}}<ref name="suthiwan" /> / [[Middle Chinese]] {{IPA|/ŋuoX/}}
|五 (gō͘ / gǒ͘, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /ɡɔ²²/)
|五 (ngó͘ / gó͘, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /ŋɔ̃⁵³/, /ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴/)
|五 (ngŏu, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /ŋou³⁵/)
|五 (ngóu / ú, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /ŋou⁵²/, /u⁵²/)
|五 (ńg, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /ŋ̍³¹/, /n̩³¹/)
|五 (ng<sup>5</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /ŋ̍¹³/)
|五 (m<sup>2</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /m̩⁵⁵/)
|-
| 6||๖||หก||hok||{{IPA|/hòk/}}||ลก (lok)||[[Middle Chinese]] {{IPA|/lɨuk̚/}}<ref name="suthiwan" />
|六 (la̍k, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /lak̚⁴<sup>/</sup>²⁴<sup>/</sup>¹²¹/)
|六 (lio̍k, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /liɔk̚⁴<sup>/</sup>²⁴<sup>/</sup>¹²¹/)
|六 (la̍k, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /lak̚⁴/)
|六 (la̍k, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /lak̚⁴/)
|六 (liuk, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /li̯uk̚²/, /liʊk̚¹/)
|六 (luk<sup>6</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /lʊk̚²/)
|六 (luuk<sup>5</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /lɵk̚³²/)
|-
| 7||๗||เจ็ด||chet||{{IPA|/tɕèt/}}||เจ็ด (chet)||[[Middle Chinese]] {{IPA|/t͡sʰiɪt̚/}}<ref name="suthiwan" />
|七 (chhit, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /t͡sʰit̚³²<sup>/</sup>⁵/)
|七 (chhit, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /t͡sʰit̚³²<sup>/</sup>⁵/)
|七 (tshik / tshek, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /t͡sʰik̚²/, /t͡sʰek̚²/)
|七 (tshik / tshek, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /t͡sʰik̚²/, /t͡sʰek̚²/)
|七 (chhit, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /t͡sʰit̚²<sup>/</sup>¹/)
|七 (cat<sup>1</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /t͡sʰɐt̚⁵/)
|七 (tit<sup>2</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /tʰit̚⁵⁵/)
|-
| 8||๘||แปด||paet||{{IPA|/pɛ̀ːt/}}||แปด (paet)||[[Middle Chinese]] {{IPA|/pˠɛt̚/}}<ref name="suthiwan" />
|八 (poeh / peh, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /pueʔ³²<sup>/</sup>⁵/, /peʔ³²/)
|八 (pat, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /pat̚³²<sup>/</sup>⁵/)
|八 (poih, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /poiʔ²/)
|八 (poih, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /poiʔ²/)
|八 (pat, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /pat̚²<sup>/</sup>¹/)
|八 (baat<sup>3</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /paːt̚³/)
|八 (bat<sup>1</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /pat̚³³/)
|-
| 9||๙||เก้า||kao||{{IPA|/kâːw/}}||เจา (chao)||[[Middle Chinese]] {{IPA|/kɨuX/}}<ref name="suthiwan" />
|九 (káu, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /kau⁵³<sup>/</sup>⁵⁵⁴/)
|九 (kiú, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /kiu⁵³<sup>/</sup>⁵⁵⁴/)
|九 (káu, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /kau⁵²/)
|九 (kiú, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /kiu⁵²/)
|九 (kiú, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /ki̯u³¹/)
|九 (gau<sup>2</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /kɐu̯³⁵/)
|九 (giu<sup>2</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /kiu⁵⁵/)
|-
| 10||๑๐||สิบ||sip||{{IPA|/sìp/}}||จ๋ง (chong)||[[Middle Chinese]] {{IPA|/d͡ʑiɪp̚/}}<ref name="suthiwan" /> 
|十 (cha̍p, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /t͡sap̚⁴<sup>/</sup>²⁴<sup>/</sup>¹²¹/)
|十 (si̍p, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /sip̚⁴<sup>/</sup>²⁴<sup>/</sup>¹²¹/)
|十 (tsa̍p / tsa̍k, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /t͡sap̚⁴/, /t͡sak̚⁴/)
|十 (tsa̍p / tsa̍k, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /t͡sap̚⁴/, /t͡sak̚⁴/)
|十 (sṳ̍p, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /sɨp̚⁵/, /səp̚⁵/)
|十 (sap<sup>6</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /sɐp̚²/)
|十 (sip<sup>5</sup>, [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /sip̚³²/)
|}

[[Numerical digit]] characters, however, are almost identical to [[Khmer numerals]]. Thai and Lao words for numerals are almost identical, however, the numerical digits vary somewhat in shape. Shown above is a comparison between three languages using [[Standard Cantonese|Cantonese]] and [[Southern Min|Minnan]] [[Hanzi|characters]] and pronunciations. Shown below is a comparison between three languages using [[Khmer numerals]]: Thai, Khmer, and Lao. The Thai [[transliteration]] uses the [[Royal Thai General System of Transcription]] (RTGS).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Number !! colspan="5" | Thai !! colspan="3" | Khmer !! colspan="3"| Lao
|-
! Numeral !! Written !! RTGS !! IPA !! Archaic !! Numeral !! Written !! IPA !! Numeral !! Written !! IPA
|-
| 0 || style="width:3em" | ๐ || style="width:5em" | ศูนย์ || sun || {{IPA|/sǔːn/}} || ([[Sanskrit]] śūnya) || ០ || {{lang|km|សូន្យ}} || {{IPA|/soːn/}} || ໐ || ສູນ || {{IPA|/sǔːn/}}
|-
| 1 || ๑ || หนึ่ง || nueng || {{IPA|/nɯ̀ŋ/}} || อ้าย (ai) || ១ ||  {{lang|km|មួយ}} ||  {{IPA|/muəj/}} || ໑ || ນຶ່ງ || {{IPA|/nɯ̄ŋ/}}
|-
| 2 || ๒ || สอง || song || {{IPA|/sɔ̌ːŋ/}} || ยี่ (yi) || ២ || {{lang|km|ពីរ}} || {{IPA|/piː/}} || ໒ || ສອງ || {{IPA|/sǒːŋ/}}
|-
| 3 || ๓ || สาม || sam || {{IPA|/sǎːm/}} || สาม (sam) || ៣ || {{lang|km|បី}} || {{IPA|/ɓej/}} || ໓ || ສາມ || {{IPA|/sǎːm/}}
|-
| 4 || ๔ || สี่ || si || {{IPA|/sìː/}} || ไส (sai) || ៤ || {{lang|km|បួន}} || {{IPA|/ɓuən/}} || ໔ || ສີ່ || {{IPA|/sīː/}}
|-
| 5 || ๕ || ห้า || ha || {{IPA|/hâː/}} || งั่ว (ngua) || ៥ || {{lang|km|ប្រាំ}} || {{IPA|/pram/}} || ໕ || ຫ້າ || {{IPA|/hȁː/}}
|-
| 6 || ๖ || หก || hok || {{IPA|hòk}} || ลก (lok) || ៦ || {{lang|km|ប្រាំមួយ}} || {{IPA|/pram muəj/}} || ໖ || ຫົກ || {{IPA|/hók/}}
|-
| 7 || ๗ || เจ็ด || chet || {{IPA|/tɕèt/}} || เจ็ด (chet) || ៧ || {{lang|km|ប្រាំពីរ}} || {{IPA|/pram piː/}} || ໗ || ເຈັດ || {{IPA|/tɕét/}}
|-
| 8 || ๘ || แปด || paet || {{IPA|/pɛ̀ːt/}} || แปด (paet) || ៨ || {{lang|km|ប្រាំបី}} || {{IPA|/pram ɓəj/}} || ໘ || ແປດ || {{IPA|/pɛ̏ːt/}}
|-
| 9 || ๙ || เก้า || kao || {{IPA|/kâːw/}} || เจา (chao) || ៩ || {{lang|km|ប្រាំបួន}} || {{IPA|/pram ɓuən/}} || ໙ || ເກົ້າ || {{IPA|/kâw/}}
|-
| 10 || ๑๐ || สิบ || sip || {{IPA|/sìp/}} || จ๋ง (chong) || ១០ || {{lang|km|ដប់}} || {{IPA|/ɗɑp/}} || ໑໐ || ສິບ || {{IPA|/síp/}}
|}

===Ten to a million===
Sanskrit [[lakh]] designates the [[Positional notation|place value]] of a digit (''tamnaeng khong tua lek'', ตําแหน่งของตัวเลข), which are named for the powers of ten: the unit's place is ''lak nuai'' (หลักหน่วย); ten's place, ''lak sip'' (หลักสิบ); hundred's place, ''lak roi'' (หลักร้อย), and so forth.<ref>[http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp Online Royal Institute Dictionary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303000030/http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp |date=2009-03-03 }}, 1999 edition: select "ห" and enter หลัก</ref>  The number one following any multiple of ''sip'' becomes ''et'' (Cantonese: 一, yat<sup>1</sup>; Minnan: 一, it<sup>4</sup>). The number ten (''sip'') is the same as Literary Hokkien 十 (si̍p). Numbers from twenty to twenty nine begin with ''yi sip'' (Cantonese: 二十 (yi<sup>6</sup>sap<sup>6</sup>); Hokkien: 二十 (lī-cha̍p / jī-cha̍p / gī-cha̍p); Teochew: 二十 (jĭ tsa̍p)). Names of the ''lak sip'' for 30 to 90, and for the ''lak'' of 100, 1000, 10,000, 100,000 and million, are almost identical to those of the like [[Khmer numerals]]. 

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Number !! colspan="2" | Thai !! RTGS !! IPA !! Notes
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 10 || style="text-align:right" | ๑๐ || สิบ || sip || {{IPA|/sìp/}} ||
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 11 || style="text-align:right" | ๑๑ || สิบเอ็ด || sip et || {{IPA|/sìp ʔèt/}} ||''nueng'' for just 1, ''et'' for 1 as the ending digit in other cases
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 12 || style="text-align:right" | ๑๒ || สิบสอง || sip song || {{IPA|/sìp sɔ̌ːŋ/}} ||
|- 
| style="text-align:right" | 20 || style="text-align:right" | ๒๐ || ยี่สิบ || yi sip || {{IPA|/jîː sìp/}} ||''yi'' for 2 as the tens digit, ''song'' in other cases
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 21 || style="text-align:right" | ๒๑ || ยี่สิบเอ็ด || yi sip et || {{IPA|/jîː sìp ʔèt/}} ||
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 22 || style="text-align:right" | ๒๒ || ยี่สิบสอง || yi sip song || {{IPA|/jîː sìp sɔ̌ːŋ/}} ||
|- 
| style="text-align:right" | 30 || style="text-align:right" | ๓๐ || สามสิบ || sam sip || {{IPA|/sǎːm sìp/}} ||
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 31 || style="text-align:right" | ๓๑ || สามสิบเอ็ด || sam sip et || {{IPA|/sǎːm sìp ʔèt/}} ||
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 32 || style="text-align:right" | ๓๒ || สามสิบสอง || sam sip song || {{IPA|/sǎːm sìp sɔ̌ːŋ/}} ||
|- 
| style="text-align:right" | 100 || style="text-align:right" | ๑๐๐ || ร้อย || roi || {{IPA|/rɔ́ːj/}} ||
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1 000 || style="text-align:right" | ๑๐๐๐ || พัน || phan || {{IPA|/pʰān/}} ||
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 10 000 || style="text-align:right" | ๑๐๐๐๐ || หมื่น || muen || {{IPA|/mɯ̀ːn/}} ||  From [[Middle Chinese]] 萬 /mʉɐnH/. 
Compare [[Hokkien]] 萬 (bān), [[Chaoshan Min|TeoSwa]] 萬 (buēng / buāng), [[Cantonese]] 萬 (maan<sup>6</sup>), [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] 萬 (van), [[Japanese language|Japanese]] 万 (まん, man), [[Korean language|Korean]] 만 (萬, man), [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] vạn /  muôn / man (萬／𨷈)
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 100 000 || style="text-align:right" | ๑๐๐๐๐๐ || แสน || saen || {{IPA|/sɛ̌ːn/}} || Compare [[Burmese language|Burmese]] {{linktext|သိန်း}} (''thein'', spelt ''sin'') 
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1 000 000 || style="text-align:right" | ๑๐๐๐๐๐๐ || ล้าน || lan || {{IPA|/láːn/}} ||
|}

For the numbers twenty-one through twenty-nine, the part signifying twenty: ''yi sip'' (ยี่สิบ), may be colloquially [[Contraction (grammar)|shortened]] to ''yip'' (ยีบ).{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}} See the alternate numbers section below.

The hundreds are formed by combining ''roi'' with the tens and ones values. For example, two hundred and thirty-two is ''song roi sam sip song''. The words ''roi'', ''phan'', ''muen'', and ''saen'' should occur with a preceding numeral (''nueng'' is optional), so two hundred ten, for example, is ''song roi sip'', and one hundred is either ''roi'' or ''nueng roi''. ''Nueng'' never precedes ''sip'', so ''song roi nueng sip'' is incorrect. Native speakers will sometimes use ''roi nueng'' (or ''phan nueng'', etc.) with different tones on ''nueng'' to distinguish one hundred from one hundred and one. However, such distinction is often not made, and ambiguity may follow. To resolve this problem, if the number 101 (or 1001, 10001, etc.) is intended, one should say ''roi et'' (or ''phan et'', ''muen et'', etc.).

===Numbers above a million===
Numbers above a million are constructed by prefixing ''lan'' with a multiplier. For example, ten million is ''sip lan'', and a trillion (10<sup>12</sup>, a long scale [[billion]]) is ''lan lan''.

===Decimal and fractional numbers===
Colloquially, decimal numbers are formed by saying ''chut'' (จุด, dot) where the [[decimal mark|decimal separator]] is located. For example, 1.01 is ''nueng chut sun nueng'' (หนึ่งจุดศูนย์หนึ่ง).

[[Fraction (mathematics)|Fractional numbers]] are formed by placing ''nai'' (ใน, in, of) between the numerator and denominator or using ''[set] x suan y'' ([เศษ] x ส่วน y, x parts of the whole y) to clearly indicate. For example, {{1/3}} is ''nueng nai sam'' (หนึ่งในสาม) or ''[set] nueng suan sam'' ([เศษ]หนึ่งส่วนสาม). The word ''set'' (เศษ) can be omitted.

The word ''khrueng'' (ครึ่ง) is used for "half". It precedes the measure word if used alone, but it follows the measure word when used with another number. For example, ''kradat khrueng phaen'' (กระดาษครึ่งแผ่น) means "half sheet of paper", but ''kradat nueng phaen khrueng'' (กระดาษหนึ่งแผ่นครึ่ง) means "one and a half sheets of paper".

===Negative numbers===
Negative numbers are formed by placing ''lop'' (ลบ, minus) in front of the number. For example, −11 is ''lop sip et'' (ลบสิบเอ็ด).

===Ordinal numbers===
[[ordinal number (linguistics)|Ordinal number]]s are formed by placing ''thi'' (ที่, place) in front of the number. They are not considered a special class of numbers, since the numeral still follows a modified noun, which is ''thi'' in this case.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Thai!!RTGS!!IPA!!meaning
|-
|ที่หนึ่ง||''thi nueng''|| {{IPA|/tʰîː nɯ̀ŋ/}} ||first
|-
|ที่สอง||''thi song''|| {{IPA|/tʰîː sɔ̌ːŋ/}} ||second
|-
|ที่สาม ||''thi sam''|| {{IPA|/tʰîː sǎːm/}} ||third
|-
|ที่สี่||''thi si''|| {{IPA|/tʰîː sìː/}} ||fourth
|-
|ที่#||''thi #''|| {{IPA|/tʰîː/}} ||#st, #nd, #rd, #th
|}

==Alternative numbers==

===Ai===
'''Ai''' ({{langx|th|อ้าย}}) is used for "first born (son)" or for the first month, ''duean ai'' (เดือนอ้าย), of the [[Thai lunar calendar]].<ref>[http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp ORID] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303000030/http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp |date=2009-03-03 }} (Online [[Royal Institute Dictionary]] (1999); select อ enter อ้าย</ref>

=== Ek ===
'''[[wikt:เอก|Ek]]''' ({{langx|th|เอก}}) is from Pali ''ḗka'', "one" <ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/soas/ Digital Dictionaries of South Asia] Sir [[Ralph Lilley Turner]] (1888-1983) ''A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages'' entry 2462</ref> ''Ek'' is used for ''one'' (quantity); ''first'' ([[rank (disambiguation)|rank]]), more prominent than ''tho'' โท ''second'', in [[Thai numerals#Tone marks, education degrees and military ranks|tone marks, education degrees and military ranks]]; and for the lead actor in a role. In antiquity, a seventh daughter was called ''luk ek'' (ลูกเอก), though a seventh son was ''luk chet'' (ลูกเจ็ด).<ref>[http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp ORID] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303000030/http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp |date=2009-03-03 }} (Online [[Royal Institute Dictionary]] (1999), select อ enter เอก</ref>

===Et===
'''Et''' ({{langx|th|เอ็ด}}, Cantonese: 一, jat<sup>1</sup>; Minnan: 一, it<sup>4</sup>), meaning "one", is used as last member in a compound number (see the main numbers section above).

=== Tho ===
'''Tho''' ({{langx|th|โท}}) is from Pali ''dūā'', "two".<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/soas/ Digital Dictionaries of South Asia] Sir [[Ralph Lilley Turner]] (1888-1983) ''A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages'' entry 6455</ref> ''Tho'' is used for ''two'' and for the ''second-level rank'' in [[Thai numerals#Tone marks, education degrees and military ranks|tone marks, education degrees and military ranks.]]<ref>[http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp ORID] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303000030/http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp |date=2009-03-03 }} (Online [[Royal Institute Dictionary]] (1999), select ท enter โท</ref>

===Yi===
'''Yi''' ({{langx|th|ยี่}}, Cantonese: 二, ji<sup>6</sup>; Minnan: 二, ji<sup>7</sup>) is still used in several places in Thai language for the number two, apart from ''song'' (สอง): to construct twenty (two tens) and its combinations twenty-one through twenty-nine; to name the second month, ''duean yi'' (เดือนยี่), of the traditional [[Thai lunar calendar]]; and in the Thai northern dialect ''thin pha yap'' (ถิ่นพายัพ), in which it refers to the [[Tiger (zodiac)|Year of the Tiger]].<ref>[http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp ORID] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303000030/http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp |date=2009-03-03 }} (Online [[Royal Institute Dictionary]] (1999), select ย enter ยี่</ref>

===Tri & Trai===
'''Tri''' ({{lang|th|ตรี}}) and '''trai''' ({{lang|th|ไตร}}) are from Sanskrit ''trāyaḥ'', "three".<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/soas/ Digital Dictionaries of South Asia] Sir [[Ralph Lilley Turner]] (1888-1983) ''A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages'' entry 5994</ref> These alternatives are used for ''three''; ''third rank'' in [[Thai numerals#Tone marks, education degrees and military ranks|tone marks, education degrees and military ranks]]; and as a prefix meaning ''three(fold)''.<ref>[http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp ORID] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303000030/http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp |date=2009-03-03 }} (Online [[Royal Institute Dictionary]] (1999), select ต enter ไตร</ref>

===Chattawa===
'''Chattawa''' ({{lang|th|จัตวา}}) is the [[Pali]] numeral four; used for the fourth tone mark and as a prefix meaning fourth in order or quadruple in number.

===Lo===
'''Lo''' ({{langx|th|โหล}}) means a [[dozen]] or twelve. It is usually used for [[trade]]. It may also mean jar or  bottle.<ref>[http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp ORID] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303000030/http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp |date=2009-03-03 }} (Online [[Royal Institute Dictionary]] (1999), select ห enter โหล</ref>

===Yip===
'''Yip''' ({{langx|th|ยีบ or ยิบ}}) in colloquial Thai is an [[elision]] or [[contraction (grammar)|contraction]] of ''yi sip'' (ยี่สิบ) at the beginning of numbers twenty-one through twenty-nine. Therefore, one may hear ''yip et'' (ยีบเอ็ด, ยิบเอ็ด), ''yip song'' (ยีบสอง, ยิบสอง), up to ''yip kao'' (ยีบเก้า, ยิบเก้า). ''Yip'' may have a long vowel (ยีบ) or be elided further into a short vowel (ยิบ).

===Sao===
'''Sao''' ({{langx|th|ซาว}}) is twenty in the [[Northern Thai language|Thai northern dialect]]<ref>[http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp ORID] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303000030/http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp |date=2009-03-03 }} (Online [[Royal Institute Dictionary]] (1999), select ซ enter ซาว</ref> and in the [[Isan language]]. It is related to ''xao'' (ຊາວ), the word for twenty in the [[Lao language]].

===Kurut===
'''Kurut''' ({{langx|th|กุรุส}}) means a dozen dozen or 144. It is usually used for trade. It is a [[loanword]] from [[gross (unit)|gross]].<ref>[http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp ORID] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303000030/http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp |date=2009-03-03 }} (Online [[Royal Institute Dictionary]] (1999), select ก enter กุรุส</ref>

===Kot===
'''Kot''' ({{langx|th|โกฏิ}}) is ten million used in religious context. It comes from Pali/Sanskrit ''kōṭi''.<ref>[http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp ORID] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303000030/http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp |date=2009-03-03 }} (Online [[Royal Institute Dictionary]] (1999), select ก enter โกฏิ</ref> See also [[crore]].

== Tone marks, education degrees and military ranks ==
The alternate set of numerals used to name tonal marks (ไม้, ''mai''), educational degrees (ปริญญา, ''parinya''), and military rankings derive from names of [[Sanskrit#Numerals|Sanskrit]] numerals.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="3"|Number
!colspan="4"|Tonal Mark
!colspan="3"|Educational Degree
!colspan="4"|[[Military ranks of the Thai armed forces|Military Ranking]] in the [[Royal Thai Army]]
|-
!align="left"|Thai||RTGS||Value||Mark||Thai||RTGS||Tone||Thai||RTGS||Degree|| style="width:10ex;"|Thai||RTGS||Meaning
|-
|rowspan="5"|เอก||rowspan="5"|''ek''||rowspan="5"|first
|rowspan="5" style="font-size: 200%"|-่||rowspan="5"|ไม้เอก||rowspan="5"|''mai ek''||rowspan="5"|first tone
|rowspan="5"|ปริญญาเอก||rowspan="5"|''parinya ek''||rowspan="5"|doctor's
|พลเอก || ''phon ek''||General
|-
|พันเอก ||''phan ek''||Colonel
|-
|ร้อยเอก||''roi ek''||Captain
|-
|จ่าสิบเอก||''cha sip ek''||Master Sgt. 1st Class
|-
|สิบเอก||''sip ek''||Sergeant (Sgt.)
|-
|rowspan="5"|โท||rowspan="5"|''tho''||rowspan="5"|second
|rowspan="5" style="font-size: 200%"|-้||rowspan="5"|ไม้โท||rowspan="5"|''mai tho''||rowspan="5"|second tone
|rowspan="5"|ปริญญาโท||rowspan="5"|''parinya tho''||rowspan="5"|master's
|พลโท||''phon tho''||Lieutenant General
|-
|พันโท||''phan tho''||Lieutenant Colonel
|-
|ร้อยโท||''roi tho''||Lieutenant
|-
|จ่าสิบโท||''cha sip tho''||Master Sgt. 2nd Class
|-
|สิบโท||''sip tho''||Corporal
|-
|rowspan="5"|ตรี||rowspan="5"|''tri''||rowspan="5"|third
|rowspan="5" style="font-size: 200%"|-๊||rowspan="5"|ไม้ตรี||rowspan="5"|''mai tri''||rowspan="5"|third tone
|rowspan="5"|ปริญญาตรี||rowspan="5"|''parinya tri''||rowspan="5"|bachelor's
|พลตรี||''phon tri''||Major general
|-
|พันตรี||''phan tri''||Major
|-
|ร้อยตรี||''roi tri''||Sub Lieutenant
|-
|จ่าสิบตรี||''cha sip tri''||Master Sgt. 3rd Class
|-
|สิบตรี||''sip tri''||Lance Corporal
|-
||จัตวา ||''chattawa''||fourth
| style="font-size: 200%"|-๋||ไม้จัตวา ||''mai chattawa''||fourth tone
|| || ||
||พลจัตวา||''phon chattawa''||Brigadier General (Honorary)
|}

== See also ==
* [[Chinese numerals]]
* [[Indian numbering system]]
* [[Indian numerals]]
* [[Khmer numerals]]
* [[Lakh]]
* [[Thai alphabet]]
* [[Thai language]]
* [[Thai six-hour clock]]
* [[The Royal Institute of Thailand]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090303000030/http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp Thai Royal Institute On-line Dictionary] (ORID 1999) [TH:  พจนานุกรม ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๒]
* [http://www.omniglot.com/language/numerals.htm Numerals in many different writing systems], which includes Lao, Khmer and Thai numerals 0-9; retrieved 2008-11-12
* [http://www.omniglot.com/language/numerals2.htm Graphic version] of Numerals in many different writing systems, no Unicode required; retrieved 2008-11-12
* [http://www.cnx-translation.com/forum/download/file.php?id=14 Thai Numbers]. How they are written in their numeral and textual forms and how to pronounce them.
*[http://dict.longdo.com/index.php?lang=en&search=numerative%20noun Search result for ''numerative noun''] (11 entries)
*[http://www.thaivisa.com/forum/topic/14500-classification-of-thai-classifiers/ "International Reference Library Thread of Thai Classifiers"] (38 entries)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thai Numerals}}
[[Category:Culture of Thailand]]
[[Category:Thai language]]
[[Category:Numerals]]