Editing The Dice Man

{{Short description|1971 English-language book by George Cockcroft}}
{{for|the unrelated comedic persona, "The Diceman"|Andrew Dice Clay}}
{{Other uses| Diceman (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{infobox book | <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels or Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books -->
| name         = The Dice Man
| title_orig   = 
| translator   = 
| image        = Image:Diceman.jpg
| border       = yes
| caption      = First edition cover (US)
| author       = [[Luke Rhinehart|George Cockroft, writing as Luke Rhinehart]]
| cover_artist = 
| country      = United States
| language     = English
| series       = 
| genre        = 
| publisher    = [[William Morrow (publisher)|William Morrow]] (US)<br>Talmy Franklin (UK)
| release_date = 1971
| media_type   = Print (hardback & paperback)
| pages        = 305 pp.
| isbn         =  0-68-801457-7
| oclc         = 59367330
| followed_by  = [[The Search for the Dice Man]]
}}

'''''The Dice Man''''' is a 1971 novel by American novelist [[George Cockcroft]], writing under the pen name "Luke Rhinehart".<ref name="guardian2">{{cite journal | author = Carrère, Emmanuel | date = 7 November 2019 | title = Who is the Real Dice Man? The Elusive Writer Behind the Disturbing Cult Novel | journal = [[The Guardian]] | url = https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/nov/07/the-dice-man-elusive-author-luke-rhinehart-george-cockroft-emmanuel-carrere | access-date = 7 November 2019 | quote = It was not clear whether the book was fiction or autobiography, but its author, Luke Rhinehart, had the same name as his hero and, like him, he was a psychiatrist. According to the back cover, he lived in Majorca... 'Psychiatrist? Psychoanalyst?' George repeats, as surprised as if I had said cosmonaut. No, he was never a psychiatrist, he has been a college English teacher all his life... / Really? But on the cover of his book... / George shrugs as if to say, editors, journalists, you know, there is almost nothing they won't write... / ...[Cockroft] handles the wheel with an abruptness that contrasts with his good humour and makes his wife laugh. It is moving to see how the two love each other, and when Ann tells me in passing that they have been married for 50 years, I am not surprised. / They live in an old farmhouse with a yard that slopes down to a duck pond. They have three grown boys, two of whom live nearby. One is a carpenter and the other is a housepainter; the third still lives at home. He is schizophrenic, Ann tells me matter-of-factly; he is doing fine at the moment, but I shouldn't worry if I hear him speaking a bit loudly in his room, which is right beside the guest room where I will be staying.}}</ref> The book tells the story of a [[psychiatrist]] who makes daily decisions based on the casting of a [[Dice|die]].<ref name="guardian3">{{cite journal |author = Adams, Tim | date = 27 August 2000| title= Dicing with Life | journal = [[The Guardian]] | url= https://www.theguardian.com/books/2000/aug/27/fiction.timadams | access-date = 12 November 2019 | quote = Originally he had seen the dice as a way of breaking down some of the habitual stiffness he disliked in his own character: 'I was a shy, uptight sort of guy in my teens and early twenties, and tremendously driven to succeed, get A grades and so on, and I did not like either of those characteristics one bit...' / He had the notion that by rolling a dice to make decisions, about what to read, where to go, how to react to people, he could bring risk into his life, which he otherwise seemed naturally indisposed toward. In this way, he hoped, he could turn himself into someone else. / At the time, Cockcroft was... leading a seminar on freedom—Nietzsche and Sartre—and he asked his class... whether perhaps the ultimate freedom was not to 'get away from habit and causality and make all your decisions by casting dice'. His students were either so appalled or so intrigued by the idea that Cockcroft knew immediately that this was something worth writing about. / ...progress on the novel was slow, and by the time he completed it he was 37, living in Majorca with his family... It was there that, by chance, he ran into a publisher in Deya who said he would look at the book. / Some months later when the paperback rights were sold for $50,000, Cockcroft and his family were living a dice life on a sailboat in the Mediterranean. By that time, Cockcroft says, he knew that the dice were probably just a gimmick to have fun with, or to get from one place in your life to another place, 'but once you got somewhere you were happy, you'd be stupid to shake it up any further...'}}</ref> Cockcroft describes the origin of the title idea variously in interviews, once recalling a college "quirk" he and friends used to decide "what they were going to do that night" based on a die-roll, or sometimes to decide between mildly mischievous pranks.<ref>See Carrère, ''[[The Guardian]]'', 7 November 2019, op. cit. Quoting that source: "The dice was a quirk the young George picked up in college. He and his friends used it on Saturdays to decide what they were going to do that night. Sometimes, they dared each other to do stuff: hop around the block on one leg, ring a neighbour's doorbell, nothing too mischievous. When I ask, hopefully, whether he pushed these experiences further as an adult, he shrugs his shoulders and smiles apologetically because he can tell that I would like something a little spicier."</ref><ref>For an account that describes the origin of the idea in the years between Cockcroft's teens and early twenties in a [[self-help]] effort to move him away from shyness and uptightness through risk-taking, in areas such as "what to read, where to go, how to react to people," see Adams, ''[[The Guardian]]'', 27 August 2000, op. cit.</ref><ref>For an account that describes the origin of the idea in Cockcroft at the age of 16 years, likewise in an effort to move him away, first, from procrastination, and later, from shyness, see Gold, ''[[The Guardian]]'', 4 March 2017, op. cit.</ref><ref name="guardian1">{{cite journal | author = Gold, Tanya | date = 4 March 2017 | title = Three days with The Dice Man: 'I never wrote for money or fame' | journal = [[The Guardian]] | url = https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/three-days-dice-man-never-wrote-money-fame-tanya-gold | access-date = 12 November 2019 | quote = The book was published in 1971, an era devoted to psychoanalysis (not the mocking of it), and it was not an instant success. But over the course of 45 years, it has become a famous book, with devoted fans. The Dice Man has sold more than 2m copies in multiple languages and is still in print... / As his notoriety grew, journalists came to interview the Dice Man. But Luke Rhinehart does not exist: he is the pseudonym of a man called George Powers Cockcroft, who shielded his real identity from his readers for many years... / As a boy, he was shy and compliant, and began to use the dice at 16. He was a procrastinator: 'So I would make a list of things to do in a day and the dice would choose which one I did first.' Then he began to use the dice 'to force myself to do things I was too shy to do. If the dice chose it, then somehow that made it possible.' / [''The Dice Man''] did badly in America, partly, Cockcroft thinks, because of a cover jacket featuring a naked woman lying on a bed. But it did better in Europe, particularly in England, Sweden, Denmark and now Spain, where it was for a time the most requested library book in Spanish universities.}}</ref>

At the time of its publication, "[i]t was not clear whether the book was fiction or autobiography", all the more because the protagonist and the alleged author were eponymous. Both were described as having the same profession ([[psychiatry]]), and elements of the described lives of both (e.g., places of residence, date of birth) were also in common,<ref name=guardian2/><ref name=guardian3/> hence, curiosity over its authorship have persisted since its publication.<ref name=guardian2/><ref name=guardian3/> 

In 1999, [[Emmanuel Carrère]], writing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', presented a [[Long-form journalism|long-form]] expose on Cockroft and the relationship between author and legend, disclosing that he was a life-long English professor living "in an old farmhouse with a yard that slopes down to a duck pond", a husband of fifty-years, father of three, and a caregiver to a [[special needs|special-needs]] child.<ref name=guardian2/>

==Publishing history==
{{expand section|with=a standard Wikipedia presentation of the section subject, including publishers, changes in title or subtitle, to forwards, etc|small=no|date=November 2019}}
* {{ISBN|0-900735-00-7}} – September 9, 1971
* {{ISBN|0-246-11058-9}} – July, 1978
* {{ISBN|0-586-03765-9}} – April 13, 1989
* {{ISBN|0-87951-864-2}} – July, 1998
* {{ISBN|0-00-651390-5}} – December 15, 1999
* {{ISBN|0-00-716121-2}} – April 7, 2003

== Reception ==
The book was not initially successful, but gradually became considered a [[cult classic]].<ref name="Fann2011">
{{cite journal |author=Fann, Kelly |year=2011 |title=Tapping Into The Appeal of Cult Fiction |journal=Reference and User Services Quarterly |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=15–18 |doi=10.5860/rusq.51n1.15 |doi-access=free |editor=Trott, Barry}}{{better source needed|date=November 2019}}
</ref><ref name="guardian1" /> Writing in 2017 for ''[[The Guardian]]'', Tanya Gold noted that "over the course of 45 years" it was still in print, had become famous, had devoted fans, and had "sold more than 2m copies in multiple languages".<ref name="guardian1" />  It initially sold poorly in the United States, but well in Europe, particularly England, Sweden, Denmark, and Spain.<ref name="guardian1" /> 

Cockroft continued the premise of the book in two other novels, ''[[Adventures of Wim]]'' (1986) and ''[[The Search for the Dice Man]]'' (1993),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rhinehart |first=Luke |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=63E_AAAACAAJ |title=The Search for the Dice Man |date=1993 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-00-223937-0 |language=en}}</ref> and in a companion title, ''[[The Book of the Die]]'' (2000),<ref name="guardian3" /> none of which achieved the commercial success of ''The Dice Man''.<ref name="guardian2" />

[[Kirkus Reviews]] wrote "[t]he odds are that this will be a winning combination and certainly his rowdy, seriocomic talent is splendidly displayed."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Book Reviews, Sites, Romance, Fantasy, Fiction |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/luke-rhinehart/the-dice-man/ |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Kirkus Reviews |language=en}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
British band [[The Fall (band)|The Fall]] based the song "Dice Man" (1979) on this novel.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Annotated Fall: "Dice Man" |url=http://annotatedfall.doomby.com/pages/the-annotated-lyrics/dice-man.html |website=The Annotated Fall |access-date=8 March 2024}}</ref>
British [[New wave music|New Wave]] band [[Talk Talk]] wrote the song "[[Such A Shame]]" (1984) inspired by this novel.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Aakjaer |first1=Henrik |title=The Within Without Interview with Mark Hollis |url=http://users.cybercity.dk/~bcc11425/IntWW0998.html |website=Within Without |access-date=8 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927003929/http://users.cybercity.dk/~bcc11425/IntWW0998.html |archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref>
British musician [[Richard D. James (musician)|Richard D. James]] used the pseudonym The Dice Man for the track "Polygon Window" (1992).
[[Manic Street Preachers]] guitarist and lyricist Richey Edwards cited ''The Dice Man'' as one of his favourite novels,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Starkey |first1=Arun |title=Manic Street Preachers guitarist Richey Edwards' favourite works of literature |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/manic-street-preachers-richey-edwards-favourite-literature/ |website=Far Out Magazine |date=12 October 2021 |access-date=8 March 2024}}</ref> and the band referenced Rhinehart in the lyric to their song "Patrick Bateman".<ref>{{cite web |title=Manic Street Preachers, "Patrick Bateman" |url=https://genius.com/Manic-street-preachers-patrick-bateman-lyrics |website=Genius |access-date=8 March 2024}}</ref> Season 4 of the Irish murder mystery TV show [[Harry Wild (TV series)|Harry Wild]] includes an episode inspired by the novel.

==See also==
*"[[Flip Decision]]"
*[[Yes Man (book)|''Yes Man'' (book)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.heretical.com/miscella/diceman1.html Extracts]

{{Luke Rhinehart}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dice Man, The}}
[[Category:1971 American novels]]
[[Category:William Morrow and Company books]]
[[Category:Novels about psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Dice]]
[[Category:Novels set in New York City]]
[[Category:1971 debut novels]]
[[Category:Anti-psychiatry books]]