Editing Thermidor

{{Short description|11th month in the French Republican Calendar, from mid-July to mid-August}}
{{other uses}}
{{distinguish|text=[[Thermador]] (a commercial brand)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=January 2025}}
{{No footnotes|date=January 2025}}
}}
'''Thermidor''' ({{IPA|fr|tɛʁmidɔʁ}}) was the eleventh [[month]] in the [[French Republican calendar]]. The month was named after the [[French language|French]] word ''thermal'', derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''thermos'' 'heat'.

Thermidor was the second month of the summer quarter (''mois d'été''). It started July 19 or 20. It ended August 17 or 18. It follows [[Messidor]] and precedes [[Fructidor]]. During Year 2, it was sometimes called '''Fervidor'''.

Because of the [[Thermidorian Reaction]]—9 Thermidor Year II—the overthrow of revolutionary radical [[Maximilien Robespierre]] and his followers in that month, the word "Thermidor" has come to mean a retreat from more radical goals and strategies during a revolution, especially when caused by a replacement of leading personalities.  
{{RepublicanCalendar|3|11}}

{{14RepublicanMonths|11}}

== Day name table ==
Like all French Republican Calendar months, Thermidor lasted 30 days and was divided into three 10-day weeks called ''décades'' (decades). Every day had the name of an agricultural plant, except the 5th (Quintidi) and 10th day (Decadi) of every decade, which had the name of a domestic animal or an agricultural tool, respectively.

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"
 |- bgcolor=#e0e0e0
 | ALIGN="right"|&nbsp;
 | ALIGN="center" colspan=2| 1<sup>re</sup> Décade
 | ALIGN="center" colspan=2| 2<sup>e</sup> Décade
 | ALIGN="center" colspan=2| 3<sup>e</sup> Décade
 |-
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Primidi
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 1.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0 width=28%|Epeautre ([[Spelt]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|11.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0 width=28%|Panic ([[Eryngium|Eryngo]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|21.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0 width=28%|Carline ([[Carlina acaulis|Silver Thistle]])
 |-
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Duodi
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 2.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Bouillon blanc ([[Verbascum|Mullein]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|12.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Salicor ([[Glasswort]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|22.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Caprier ([[Caper]])
 |-
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Tridi
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 3.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Melon ([[Melon]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|13.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Abricot ([[Apricot]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|23.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Lentille ([[Lentil]])
 |-
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Quartidi
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 4.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Ivraie ([[Lolium|Ryegrass]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|14.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Basilic ([[Basil]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|24.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Aunée ([[Elecampane]])
 |-
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Quintidi
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 5.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Bélier ([[Sheep|Ram]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|15.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Brebis ([[Sheep|Ewe]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|25.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Loutre ([[Otter]])
 |-
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Sextidi
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 6.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Prêle ([[Equisetum|Horsetail]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|16.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Guimauve ([[Althaea officinalis|Marsh Mallow]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|26.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Myrthe ([[Myrtus|Myrtle]])
 |-
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Septidi
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 7.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Armoise ([[Mugwort]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|17.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Lin ([[Flax]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|27.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Colza ([[Rapeseed]])
 |-
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Octidi
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 8.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Carthame ([[Safflower]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|18.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Amande ([[Almond]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|28.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Lupin ([[Lupinus|Lupin]])
 |-
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Nonidi
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 9.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Mûre ([[Morus (plant)|Blackberry]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|19.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Genthiane ([[Gentiana|Gentian]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|29.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Coton ([[Gossypium|Cotton]])
 |-
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Decadi
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|10.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Arrosoir ([[Watering can|Watering Can]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|20.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Écluse ([[Lock (water navigation)|Lock]])
 | ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|30.
 | ALIGN="left"  bgcolor=#fffff0|Moulin ([[Gristmill|Mill]])
 |}

== Conversion table ==
{| align="center" cellpadding="3" style="background-color: #fffff0; border: 1px solid #999; border-right: 2px solid #999; border-bottom: 2px solid #999"
|-
! Table for conversion between Republican and Gregorian Calendar <br /> for the month "Thermidor"
|-
|
{| align="center" rules="all" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="border: 1px solid #999; text-align: center"
| align="center" colspan="30" |
{| width="77%" align="center" style="text-align:center"
|-
| width="11%" style="background-color: #e8e8e8" | I.
| width="11%" style="background-color: #f3f3f3" | II.
| width="11%" style="background-color: #e8e8e8" | III.
| width="11%" style="background-color: #f3f3f3" | IV.
| width="11%" style="background-color: #e8e8e8" | V.
| width="11%" style="background-color: #f3f3f3" | VI.
| width="11%" style="background-color: #e8e8e8" | VII.
|}
|-
| 1|| 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 || 10 || 11 ||12 || 13 ||14 || 15 || 16 || 17 || 18 || 19 || 20 || 21 || 22 || 23 || 24 || 25 || 26 || 27 || 28 || 29 || 30
|- style="border-top: 2px solid #999"
| 19 || 20 || 21 || 22 || 23 || 24 || 25 || 26 || 27 || 28 || 29 || 30 || 31 || style="border-left: 2px solid #999" | 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 || 10 || 11 || 12 || 13 || 14 || 15 || 16 || 17
|-
| align="center" colspan="30" |
{| width="100%" style="text-align: center"
| width="11.5%" align="left" | July
| width="11%" style="background-color: #e8e8e8" | 1793
| width="11%" style="background-color: #f3f3f3" | 1794
| width="11%" style="background-color: #e8e8e8" | 1795
| width="11%" style="background-color: #f3f3f3" | 1796
| width="11%" style="background-color: #e8e8e8" | 1797
| width="11%" style="background-color: #f3f3f3" | 1798
| width="11%" style="background-color: #e8e8e8" | 1799
| width="11.5%" align="right" | August
|}
|}
|-
|
{| align="center" rules="all" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="border: 1px solid #999; text-align: center; margin-top: 1em"
| align="center" colspan="30" |
{| width="66%" align="center" style="text-align:center"
|-
| width="11%" style="background-color: #e8e8e8" | VIII.
| width="11%" style="background-color: #f3f3f3" | IX.
| width="11%" style="background-color: #e8e8e8"| X.
| width="11%" style="background-color: #f3f3f3" | XI.
| width="11%" style="background-color: #e8e8e8"| XII.
| width="11%" style="background-color: #f3f3f3" | XIII.
|}
|-
| 1|| 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 || 10 || 11 ||12 || 13 ||14 || 15 || 16 || 17 || 18 || 19 || 20 || 21 || 22 || 23 || 24 || 25 || 26 || 27 || 28 || 29 || 30
|- style="border-top: 2px solid #999"
| 20 || 21 || 22 || 23 || 24 || 25 || 26 || 27 || 28 || 29 || 30 || 31 || style="border-left: 2px solid #999" | 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 || 10 || 11 || 12 || 13 || 14 || 15 || 16 || 17 || 18
|-
| align="center" colspan="30" |
{| width="100%" style="text-align: center"
|-
| width="17%" align="left" | July
| width="11%" style="background-color: #e8e8e8" | 1800
| width="11%" style="background-color: #f3f3f3" | 1801
| width="11%" style="background-color: #e8e8e8" | 1802
| width="11%" style="background-color: #f3f3f3" | 1803
| width="11%" style="background-color: #e8e8e8" | 1804
| width="11%" style="background-color: #f3f3f3" | 1805
| width="17%" align="right" | August
|}
|}
|}
== Thermidor in revolution ==

The [[Thermidorian Reaction]], '''Revolution of Thermidor''', or simply '''Thermidor''' refers to the coup of 9 Thermidor (27 July 1794) in which the Committee of Public Safety led by [[Maximilien Robespierre]] was sidelined and its leaders arrested and [[guillotine]]d, resulting in the end of the [[Reign of Terror]]. The new regime, known as [[The Directory]], introduced more conservative policies aimed at stabilizing the revolutionary government.

Consequently, for historians of revolutionary movements, the term ''Thermidor'' has come to mean the phase in some revolutions when the political pendulum swings back towards something resembling a pre-revolutionary state, and power slips from the hands of the original revolutionary leadership. [[Leon Trotsky]], in his book ''[[The Revolution Betrayed]]'', refers to the rise of [[Joseph Stalin]] and the accompanying post-revolutionary bureaucracy as the "Soviet Thermidor".

== Thermidor in culture ==

The food [[Lobster Thermidor]] was named, directly or indirectly, after the month. Sometimes it is said that it was first prepared for [[Napoleon I]] during the month of Thermidor. Others{{Who|date=February 2012}} say that it was created by Tony Girod at the ''Café de Paris'', to celebrate the opening of a play called ''[[Thermidor (play)|Thermidor]]''.

Thermidor is the name of a story revolving around the end of the French Revolution in [[Neil Gaiman]]'s ''[[The Sandman (comic book series)|The Sandman]]'', issue #29.

There is a song recorded by J-pop artist [[Nana Mizuki]] by the name of "Thermidor". Its lyrics talk about a person in love that is also rethinking their personal feelings after realizing that the person they love has changed, and so has the person. Its lyrics mimic the modern definition of Thermidor.

== External links ==
* [http://www.textesrares.com/revol/revo0ca4.jpg Summer Quarter of Year II (facsimile)]

{{Revolutionary calendar months}}

[[Category:French Republican calendar months]]
[[Category:July]]
[[Category:August]]
[[Category:Maximilien Robespierre]]

[[sv:Franska revolutionskalendern#Månaderna]]