Editing Think Global

{{Short description|Defunct electrical car company}}
{{for-multi|the UK charity|Think Global (charity)|the environmental slogan|Think globally, act locally|the school|Think Global School}}
{{Infobox company
| name             = TH!NK Global
| former_names = Personal Independent Vehicle Company (1991–2006)
| logo             = Th!nk logo.png
| logo_size = 
| type             = [[privately-held company|Private]] (1991–99)<br />[[Subsidiary]] (1999–2011)
| fate = Declared bankruptcy
| genre            = 
| foundation       = December 1991
| founder          = 
| location_city    = [[Bærum]]
| location_country = [[Norway]]
| location         = 
| locations        = 
| defunct          = {{end date and age|2011|6|22}}
| key_people       = 
| industry         = [[automotive industry|Automotive]]
| products         = [[Electric car]]s
| services         = 
| market cap       = 
| revenue          = 
| operating_income = 
| net_income       = 
| assets           = 
| equity           = 
| owner            = 
| num_employees    = 125+
| parent           = {{plainlist|
* [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] (1999–2003)
* [[KamKorp]] (2003–2006)
* InSpire (2006–2011)
}}
| divisions        = 
| subsid           = 
| brands        = [[Think City]]
| homepage         = 
| footnotes        = 
| intl             = 
}}

'''Think Global''' was a [[Norway|Norwegian]] [[electric car]] manufacturer located in [[Bærum]], which manufactured cars under the ''TH!NK'' brand. Production of the [[Think City]] was stopped in March 2011 and the company filed for bankruptcy on June 22, 2011, for the fourth time in 20 years.<ref name=Bankruptcy2011>{{cite news|url=http://www.autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20110622/COPY01/306229798/1193|title=Norwegian EV maker Think files for bankruptcy|author=Douglas A. Bolduc|work=[[Automotive News]]|date=2011-06-22 |access-date=2011-06-23}}</ref> The company was bought soon after by Electric Mobility Solutions AS and production ceased in August 2012 with no more announcements regarding future production.<ref name=EMS2012/><ref name=GreenCar>{{cite web|last=Ingram|first=Anthony|title=Last Few Think City Electric Cars Being Finished in Indiana|url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1078613_last-few-think-city-electric-cars-being-finished-in-indiana|publisher=The Green Car Report|access-date=2012-08-22 |date=2012-08-20}}</ref><ref name=ChicagoTribune>{{cite news|last=Wernau|first=Julie|title=Focus: Tech bet sours for Elkhart, Ind., as electric carmaker Think, battery firm Ener1 fall into bankruptcy|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2012/02/01/focus-tech-bet-sours-for-elkhart-ind-as-electric-carmaker-think-battery-firm-ener1-fall-into-bankruptcy/|access-date=2012-08-22 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=2012-02-01}}</ref> {{As of|2010|10}}, a total of 2,500 units had been manufactured at Oslo-based TH!NK's production facility.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.energytrend.com/news/20101012-592.html |title= Electric Vehicle Maker Think Builds 2,500th World's Best-Selling City Model |author= Staff|publisher= Energy Trend |date=2010-10-12 |access-date=2016-03-12}}</ref>

The '''Ford TH!NK''' was a line of electric vehicles produced by TH!NK Mobility, then an enterprise of the [[Ford Motor Company]]. The short-lived line included four models: the TH!NK Neighbor and the [[Ford Think City|TH!NK City]], small electric [[automobile]]s, and the TH!NK Bike Traveler and the TH!NK Bike Fun, electric-powered [[motorized bicycle]].  Ford sold its stock, and the resulting company, Think Global, produced electric cars in [[Norway]] until declaring bankruptcy in 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml01/01525.html |title=CSPC, TH!NK Mobility Recall Electrically Assisted Bicycles |publisher=U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission |date=2001-09-18 |access-date=2006-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060625223908/http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml01/01525.html |archive-date=2006-06-25 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = http://www.autoworld.com/autorecall/recallnew.asp?fmake=TH!NK&fyear=2002| title = 2002 TH!NK Recall, Auto Recall, Safety Problems, vehicle Defects| publisher = AutoWorld| access-date = 2006-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.abetterearth.org/article.php/785.html|title = TH!NK Again Protesters|publisher = A Better Earth|date = September 2004|access-date = 2006-06-18 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060512112327/http://www.abetterearth.org/article.php/785.html |archive-date = May 12, 2006}}</ref>

== History ==
{{recentism|section|date=January 2023}}
{{cleanup press release|section|date=January 2023}}

The company was founded in January 1991 in [[Bærum]], as "Pivco" (for Personal Independent Vehicle Company). The first practical [[prototype]], the ''PIV2'', like the vehicles that followed, were built around a [[chassis]] made of [[aluminum]] and carrying a body made of [[polyethylene]] [[thermoplastic]] [[rotomold]]ed in one piece. The [[chassis]] were developed by Hydro Aluminium Tonder in [[Tønder]] in [[Denmark]] and were one of the main reasons that [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] later acquired 51% of the stock.<ref>{{citation |title=Ford skal sælge norsk elbil i Danmark, Berlingske Tidende, Erhverv |trans-title=Ford is going to sell Norwegian electric car in Denmark |date=1999-07-01 |page=4 |section=3}}</ref> 10 of 15 prototypes were built in time for the [[Lillehammer]] [[Olympic Winter Games]] in 1994. The battery technology was [[NiCd]], driving a [[three-phase]] [[alternating current|AC]] induction [[electric motor|motor]] via the [[front wheel drive|front wheels]].

[[File:Pivco PIV3 2.jpg|thumb|left|PIV3, the City Bee, launched in 1995]]

The PIV2 was followed by the PIV3, the ''City Bee'' (''Citi'' in the [[United States|US]]), introduced in 1995. 120 of these were produced, 40 of which participated in the ''[[San Francisco Bay Area]] [[City car|Station Car]] Demonstration'' project from 1995 to 1998.

Based on the experiences from the prototypes, Pivco then went on to develop their first true production model, PIV4, later called the ''TH!NK'', with [[Lotus Cars]] in a consulting role. The basic construction concept from the prototypes was retained, except that the roof was made of [[Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene|ABS]] plastic, and the lower frame chassis elements were made of [[steel]]. The production model had a range of {{convert|85|km}} (modified ECE101 cycle) between charges, and a top speed of {{convert|90|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3012/is_2_179/ai_54051140 |title=Automotive Industries Feb. 1999, Gerry Kobe |publisher=Findarticles.com |access-date=2010-12-23 |year=1999}}</ref>

Development took more time and resources than anticipated, so when development of the production model was finished in 1999, finances had dried up. The company was then acquired by [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]], who could start production of the ''[[Think City|TH!NK City]]''. Ford even embraced the ''TH!NK'' concept, and marketed electrically driven [[bicycle]]s as well as [[golf cart]]s under the same brand.

The TH!NK city Electric Vehicle (EV) Demonstration Program Project was initiated late 2001, and completed in April 2005. US. Partners include Federal, State and Municipal agencies as well as commercial partners. Phase I, consisted of placement of the vehicles in demonstration programs, and it was completed in 2002. Phase II, the monitoring of these programs was completed in 2004. Phase III, the decommissioning and/or exporting of vehicles concluded in 2005. Phase I - the Program successfully assigned 192 EV's with customers (including [[The Hertz Corporation|Hertz]]) in the state of California, 109 in New York (including loaner and demo vehicles), 16 in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], 7 to customers outside of the US and 52 in Ford's internal operations in [[Dearborn, Michigan]] for a total of 376 vehicles. Phase II – the monitoring of the operational fleet was ongoing and completed in 2004, and all vehicles were returned throughout 2004 and 2005. The [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]] (DOE) was involved with the monitoring of the [[New York Power Authority]] / TH!NK Clean Commute Program units through partnership with [[ECOtality|Electric Transportation Engineering Corporation]] (ETEC), which filed separate reports to DOE. The remainder of the field fleet was monitored through Ford's internal operations. Vehicles were retired from lease operation throughout the program for various operator reasons. Some of the vehicles were involved in re-leasing operations. At the end of the program, 376 vehicles had been involved, 372 of which were available for customer use while 4 were engineering prototype and study vehicles. At the end of leases, City vehicles have been decommissioned and/or exported to [[Kamkorp|KamKorp]] in Norway. By April 2005, the last of the City vehicles had been returned and processed or exported to Norway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://avt.inel.gov/pdf/uev/thinkcitydemoreportfinal.pdf |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20160314075546/http://avt.inel.gov/pdf/uev/thinkcitydemoreportfinal.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-14 |title=TH!NK city Electric Vehicle Demonstration Program Final Project Report |publisher=Idaho National Laboratory |date=2006-07-15 |access-date=2016-08-15}}</ref>

[[File:Ford Think im Museum Autovision.jpg|thumb|[[Ford TH!NK]] in [[Museum Autovision]]]]

Production ceased in 2002, after 1,005 units had been made. Many of these cars participated in ''[[station car]]'' projects in [[California]] and in [[New York City]].

Probably due to changes in the California [[zero-emissions vehicle]] policy, Ford gave up THINK on January 31, 2003. The company was sold to [[KamKorp]], owned by Indian businessman Kamal Siddiqi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.secinfo.com/dsvRq.7276.htm#35x |title=SEC File 5-39045 |publisher=Secinfo.com |access-date=2010-12-23}}</ref> Development of a successor to the ''City'' was subsequently halted. The used cars from US and UK have been re-exported<ref>greenpeace.org [http://www.greenpeace.org/international/news/th-nk-again-ford-does-a-u-tur Th!nk Again: Ford Does a U-Turn] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060609043839/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/news/th-nk-again-ford-does-a-u-tur |date=2006-06-09}}</ref> to Norway where they are in high demand due to the government's policy to promote the use of electrical cars (EVs are exempt from taxes, have free parking, pass toll roads for free, and are allowed to drive in the bus lanes avoiding traffic congestion).{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}

A controversy erupted when Ford decided to crush off-lease TH!NK City cars stockpiled in the [[United States|U.S.]] After protesting by environmentalist groups, including a [[Greenpeace]] rally on the roof of Ford's Norway offices, Ford decided to ship the excess vehicles to Norway.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/news/th-nk-again-ford-does-a-u-tur |title=TH!NK Again: Ford Does a U-Turn |publisher=Greenpeace |date=2004-09-17 |access-date=2006-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060609043839/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/news/th-nk-again-ford-does-a-u-tur |archive-date=2006-06-09 }}</ref>

In 2004, the company turned its attention to development of the ''TH!NK public'', a micro size electric bus to be rented to customers for inner city travel. By February 2006, prototypes of the vehicle had been developed, but the company went into receivership.{{cn|date=August 2024}}

At the end of March 2006, Think Nordic was acquired by Norwegian investment group InSpire, which includes the original founder [[Jan Otto Ringdal]] and [[Jan-Olaf Willums]] - a Norwegian engineer educated at the ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Polytechnic) - as partners. The company was renamed THINK Global.

For the next year, the THINK website showed a restyled "''new THINK City''" car which was under development. An open version of the car was also pictured but the company said it had no plans to put it into production.{{cn|date=August 2024}}

In May 2007, [[Tesla Motors]], maker of the electric Tesla Roadster, announced an agreement to sell 43 million dollars worth of its [[Li-ion]] battery systems to THINK Nordic for use in the next generation THINK City,<ref>teslamotors.com [http://www.teslamotors.com/blog2/index.php Introducing Tesla Energy Group] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014130406/http://www.teslamotors.com/blog2/index.php |date=2009-10-14}}</ref><ref>latimes.com [https://archive.today/20120630080417/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-battery22may22,1,4175937.story?coll=la-headlines-business&track=crosspromo Tesla to supply batteries for electric cars]</ref> but on 2 November 2007 it [[wikt:back out|backed out]] of the deal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2007/11/tesla-battery-s.html |title=greencarcongress.com |publisher=greencarcongress.com |date=2007-11-02 |access-date=2010-12-23}}</ref>

The THINK assembly line was restarted in late November 2007 to start manufacturing the re-designed City car.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.think.no/think/Press-Pictures/Press-releases/Think-starts-production-of-its-new-electric-car-TH!NK-city-at-it-s-factory-in-Norway |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110809215235/http://www.think.no/think/Press-Pictures/Press-releases/Think-starts-production-of-its-new-electric-car-TH!NK-city-at-it-s-factory-in-Norway |archive-date=2011-08-09 |title=www.think.no |publisher=www.think.no |access-date=2010-12-23}}</ref>

On March 5, 2008, [[General Electric]], battery manufacturer [[A123 Systems]] and THINK Global announced that they had entered a partnership to enable global electrification of transportation. GE invested {{USD|4 million}} in THINK and $20 million in A123 Systems to help A123 roll out batteries for THINK. A123 Systems and THINK at the same time signed a commercial supply agreement. The partnership was announced at the 78th annual international [[Geneva Motor Show]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.ge.com/research/grc_7_1_33.html |title=GE Invests in Electric Vehicle Producer Think and Battery Manufacturer A123 Systems to Commercialize Electric Car |publisher=General Electric |date=2008-03-05 |access-date=2016-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318232239/http://www.ge.com/research/grc_7_1_33.html |archive-date=2008-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.think.no/think/Press-Pictures/Press-releases/Strategic-partnership-with-GE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218172205/http://www.think.no/think/Press-Pictures/Press-releases/Strategic-partnership-with-GE |archive-date=2008-12-18 |title=Think press release |publisher=Think.no |access-date=2010-12-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.a123systems.com/news/111 |title=A123 Systems press release |publisher=A123systems.com |access-date=2010-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609063447/http://www.a123systems.com/news/111 |archive-date=2009-06-09 }}</ref>

Also at the 2008 Geneva motor show, THINK unveiled its future five-seater, {{convert|130|km/h|-1|abbr=on}} [[concept car]], the TH!NK O<sub>x</sub>.<ref>Think O<sub>x</sub> {{cite web|url=http://www.think.no/think/content/view/full/261 |title=TH!NK Ox / Technology & Innovation / Home - Website Interface |access-date=2008-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207022653/http://www.think.no/think/content/view/full/261 |archive-date=2008-12-07 }}</ref>

In July 2008, THINK introduced the THINK City for the first time in the [[UK]].<ref name="worldcarfans.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.worldcarfans.com/9080723.008/new-thnk-city-ev-makes-uk-show-debut |title=New TH!NK city EV Makes UK Show Debut |publisher=Worldcarfans |access-date=2009-08-27}}</ref>

As of August 2008, some 100 City cars had been manufactured for customers in Norway. It was reported that "the lean plant is ready for efficient production supported by the experts of Porsche Consulting".<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://greenwombat.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2008/08/12/ford-exec-jumps-to-think-global/ Green Wombat]{{dead link|date=December 2010}}</ref>

On December 15, 2008, THINK suspended all vehicle production and laid off 50% of its staff pending negotiation of up to $29 million in funding for working capital, citing "urgent financial distress."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/28238129 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909041429/http://www.cnbc.com/id/28238129 |archive-date=2015-09-09 |title=CNBC Website |publisher=[[CNBC]] |access-date=2010-12-23}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/12/17/electric-carmaker-suddenly-on-the-brink/ |title=NYTimes Website |publisher=Wheels.blogs.nytimes.com |date=2008-12-17 |access-date=2010-12-23 |first=Jim |last=Motavalli}}</ref>

As of January 13, 2009, THINK Global received a bridge loan of 40 million Norwegian kroner (~$5.69 million) to continue operation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/17457 |title=Sustainable Business |publisher=Sustainable Business |date=2009-01-13 |access-date=2010-12-23}}</ref>  Much of that bridge loan came from one of its battery suppliers, [[EnerDel]].

On August 27, 2009, THINK announced a successful recapitalization ($47 million) through existing and new investors, which allowed the company to exit court protection and resume normal business operations in terms of manufacturing and sales of the THINK City EV in Europe. Announced investors included battery manufacturer [[EnerDel]] in U.S. (31%); US [[venture capital]] firms [[RockPort Capital Partners]] (Boston); [[Element Partners]] (Philadelphia) and [[Kleiner Perkins]] (Palo Alto, CA) as well as [[Valmet Automotive]] based in Finland and [[Investinor]] (the venture capital [[sovereign wealth fund|sovereign fund]] of [[Norway]]).<ref>{{cite web|last=Blanco |first=Sebastian |url=http://green.autoblog.com/2009/08/27/think-exits-bankruptcy-gets-47m-for-production-move-to-finland/ |title=Think exits bankruptcy, gets $47m for production move to Finland — Autoblog Green |publisher=Green.autoblog.com |date=2009-08-27 |access-date=2010-06-23}}</ref> On the same day, the company also announced that the THINK City electric car would be produced in Valmet later that year.  The deal also included engineering. Valmet invested around {{euro|3 million}} ($4.27 million) to the project,<ref name="forbes.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2009/08/27/afx6821773.html|title=Metso's Valmet to start making Think electric car|access-date=2009-08-27|work=forbes.com|date=2009-08-27}}{{dead link|date=January 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and became a minor shareholder of the company.

Production of the THINK City car at Valmet Automotive started on December 10, 2009, in [[Uusikaupunki]], Finland.<ref name="valmet-automotive.com/automotive">{{cite web|url=http://www.valmet-automotive.com/automotive/bulletin.nsf/PEBD/0D0E1E14E3072B3FC225768800344C46?opendocument|title=THINK City production starts at Valmet Automotive|access-date=2009-12-11|work=valmet-automotive.com/automotive}}</ref>

On January 5, 2010, THINK announced plans to manufacture the THINK City in [[Elkhart, Indiana]] beginning in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |author=Martin LaMonica |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-10424943-54.html |title=Think to manufacture electric cars in Indiana &#124; Green Tech - CNET News |publisher=News.cnet.com |date=2010-01-05 |access-date=2010-06-23 |archive-date=2011-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617030915/http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-10424943-54.html }}</ref>

On April 6, 2010, THINK announced plans to begin selling the THINK City in the U.S. in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leftlanenews.com/think-to-sell-city-ev-in-new-york-then-u-s.html |title=THINK to sell City EV in New York, followed by other U.S. cities |publisher=Leftlanenews.com |date=2010-04-02 |access-date=2010-06-23}}</ref>

December 2010, the first 15 THINK electric cars made in the Elkhart, Indiana, assembly plant were delivered to its customer – the state of [[Indiana]] – for government fleet use. This marks the first time that an American-made electric vehicle with [[Lithium-ion battery|Lithium-ion batteries]] has been purchased for U.S. fleet operation. The vehicles delivered were the THINK City model, which is a pure electric vehicle that produces zero emissions and is capable of traveling as far as {{Convert|100|mi|km}} on a single charge.

"Our delivery today is part of a larger effort to help transform the U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet from one that is mostly dependent on imported oil, to one that is fueled entirely by domestically produced electric energy," said Barry Engle, THINK CEO. Engle continued, "As part of that goal, we've made a strategic decision to target initially the many millions of fleet vehicles in operation in the U.S. market…These fleets can jumpstart vehicle electrification in America's cities and help push the industry past early adopters into mainstream consumer markets."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leftlanenews.com/think-delivers-first-u-s-built-electric-cars.html|title=Think delivers first U.S. built electric cars|publisher=Leftlanenews.com}}</ref>

Production of the [[Th!nk City]] was stopped in March 2011 and the company filed for bankruptcy on June 22, 2011, for the fourth time in 20 years.<ref name=Bankruptcy2011/>

Think Global's assets were bought by Electric Mobility Solutions AS in July 2011, including shares of wholly owned subsidiaries THINK North America and THINK UK. The new owners announced that production is scheduled to restart in early 2012 with a refined Think City.<ref name=EMS2012>{{cite web|url=http://green.autoblog.com/2011/07/25/official-think-global-purchased-by-electric-mobility-solutions/|title=Official: Think Global purchased by Electric Mobility Solutions AS
|author=Sebastian Blanco|publisher=[[AutoblogGreen]]|date=2011-07-25|access-date=2011-08-01}}</ref> However, despite such announcements production ceased in August 2012.<ref name=GreenCar />

== Models ==

===Ford TH!NK City===
[[File:Ford Think im Museum Autovision.jpg|thumb|Ford TH!NK.]]
{{See also|Ford Think City}}

The two door [[Ford Think City|Think City]] could seat a driver and a passenger and had a top speed of {{convert|56|mph|km/h}}. The car had an acceleration speed of zero to {{convert|30|mph|km/h}} in seven seconds and weighed 2,075 pounds. The model was {{convert|9.8|ft|m}} long, {{convert|5.25|ft|m}} wide, and {{convert|5.1|ft|m}} high.<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://www.autofieldguide.com/articles/120003.html| title = TH!NK Different| publisher = Automotive Design and Production| access-date = 2006-06-19| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060619175703/http://www.autofieldguide.com/articles/120003.html| archive-date = 2006-06-19}}</ref>

===TH!NK Neighbor===
The Neighbor (part of Ford Th!nk) was designed to meet the NHTSA specification for Neighborhood Electric Vehicles. Design and manufacture was unrelated to the Th!nk City. The Neighbor was initially offered in two models, a two-seater and a four-seater, with a two-passenger utility truck version offered near the end of production. The TH!NK Neighbor had a fixed roof over an open enclosure; a rain cover was optionally available to protect the passengers from the elements.{{cn|date=August 2024}}

The normal top speed was governed to {{convert|25|mph|km/h}} per NHTSA requirements, and it also had a "turf" mode that set its maximum speed at {{convert|15|mph|km/h}} for golf course use. Many options were designed for use on the golf course: it featured a bag rack, a holder for scorecards, tees, and balls, and a club washer. Additionally, there was a trunk option for the four-passenger version that could double as a cooler.  Overall, 7,162 total units were produced for the 2002 model year.  2,268 P20 (2 seater), 863 P21 (utility) and 4,031 P22 (4 passenger) units were built.{{cn|date=August 2024}}

=== TH!NK city ===
{{Main|Th!nk City}}
[[File:Think City 2007.jpg|thumb|PIV5, [[Th!nk City]] [[electric car]].]]

The [[Th!nk City]] was a small two-seater or 2+2-seater<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thinkev.com/The-THINK-City/THINK-City-4-seater |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215005652/http://www.thinkev.com/The-THINK-City/THINK-City-4-seater |archive-date=2010-12-15 |title=THINK City 4-seater / The THINK City / THINK Electric Car - the all electric and highway safe THINK City |publisher=Thinkev.com |access-date=2011-03-24 }}</ref> highway capable [[electric car]], with a top speed of {{convert|110|km/h}} and an in-town range of {{convert|160|km}} on a full charge.<ref name="worldcarfans.com"/>
The Think City is available with either a Zebra Sodium ([[molten salt battery]]) battery or a [[lithium-ion battery]], which both travel 100 miles, or 160 kilometres on a full charge, and based on the [[International Electrotechnical Commission]]'s standards for electric cars.

After a failed start up in [[Norway]] in 2008, [[mass production]] was restarted in [[Finland]] in December 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/think-restarts-production-in-finland/?scp=1&sq=Think%20Restarts%20Production%20in%20Finland&st=cse|title=Think Restarts Production in Finland|work=New York Times|author=Jim Montavalli|date=2009-12-11|access-date=2010-04-04}}</ref>

As of September 2010 the Th!nk City was sold in [[Norway]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Spain]], [[France]], [[Austria]], [[Switzerland]] and [[Finland]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2010/09/thinkev-20100911.html#more|title=THINK Begins EV Sales in Finland|publisher=[[Green Car Congress]]|date=2010-09-11|access-date=2010-09-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://green.autoblog.com/2010/09/13/think-kicks-off-sales-of-city-electric-vehicle-in-finland/|title=Think kicks off sales of City electric vehicle in Finland|publisher=[[AutoblogGreen]]|author=Eric Loveday|date=2010-09-13|access-date=2010-09-14}}</ref>

It was one of the first three [[electric car]]s in the world to be crash-tested and highway-certified, together with the [[Tesla Roadster (2008)]] and the [[Mitsubishi i MiEV]].

=== TH!NK Ox ===
[[Image:Thinkox 004.jpg|thumb|Think Ox<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thinkev.com/Development/THINK-O-Concept |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100121011655/http://www.thinkev.com/Development/THINK-O-Concept |archive-date=2010-01-21 |title=TH!NK Ox / Photos / Picture gallery / Press & Pictures / Home - Website Interface |publisher=Think.no |access-date=2009-08-27 }}</ref>]]

The TH!NK Ox, presented at the 2008 [[Geneva Motor Show]], was a concept five-seater electric car with a top speed of {{convert|130|km/h|mi/h|0|abbr=on}} and a 100&nbsp;kW motor.

The website for the Think Ox, now shut down, listed the top speed as 135&nbsp;km/h (~84&nbsp;mi/h) and the range as 250&nbsp;km (~155&nbsp;mi).

=== TH!NK open ===
[[TH!NK open]] was a 3-door, 2-seat concept car, where the roof has been removed.  Top speed is {{convert|100|km/h|mi/h|0|abbr=on}}, with the following ranges (90 to 203&nbsp;km):

* Range [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] (European standard for calculating range of electrical cars): 170&nbsp;km (summer tires, heater off)
* Range [[FUDS]] (American standard for calculating range of electrical cars): 180&nbsp;km (summer tires, heater off)
* Range FUDS winter (typical range in particularly cold conditions) : 90&nbsp;km /winter tires, constant 4&nbsp;kW heater
* Range [[EU UDC]] (range during city driving only): {{convert|203|km|abbr=on}}

== See also ==
* [[Electric car]]
* [[Electric car use by country]]
* [[List of modern production plug-in electric vehicles]]
* [[Plug-in electric vehicle]]
** [[Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|2}}

== References ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100516053918/http://www.greencar.com/articles/rapid-charging-will-jump-start-electric-vehicle-market.php Rapid Charging Will Help Jump Start the Electric Vehicle Market, Green Car Journal │ March 30, 2010 │ Richard Canny]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100502090531/http://www.roadandtrack.com/tests/impressions/2010-th%21nk-city 2010 Th!nk City - Driving Impressions, Road and Track (USA) │ March 29, 2010 │ Ian Adcock]
* [http://evworld.com/news.cfm?newsid=23106 THINK Invests in New R&D Center in Oslo, EV World, March 30, 2010]

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301112208/http://www.thinkev.com/|date=2010-03-01|title=Official Think EV website}}
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010124041000/http://www.thinkmobility.com/products/|date=2001-01-24|title=Think Mobility product page}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060420144917/http://www.ford.com/en/redirect/think/default.htm Official Ford TH!NK page]
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.life.ca/nl/72/ford.html |title=Ford Launches Line of Electric Vehicles |author=Wendy Priesnitz |date=2000-01-12 |publisher=Natural Life Magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000819033338/http://www.life.ca/nl/72/ford.html |archive-date=2000-08-19 |access-date=2010-09-13}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060205064413/http://bellsouthpwp.net/t/r/troprent/ford.htm A review of the Sport Version of the TH!NK Neighbor] at TropiCar, Inc.

{{Ford Motor Company}}
{{Ford Concept}}
{{Automotive industry in Norway}}
{{Insolvent EV companies}}

[[Category:Battery electric vehicle manufacturers]]
[[Category:Car manufacturers of Norway]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of Norway]]
[[Category:Ford Motor Company marques]]