Editing Throwback uniform

{{Short description|Sports uniform which mimics an older uniform of the team}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2021}}
[[File:Kirk Cousins throwback uniform 2015.jpg|thumb|Quarterback [[Kirk Cousins]] wearing a [[Washington Redskins]] throwback uniform in 2015]]
'''Throwback uniforms''', '''throwback jerseys''', '''retro kits''' or '''heritage guernseys''' are [[sports uniform]]s styled to resemble the uniforms that a team wore [[Retro style|in the past]]. One-time or limited-time retro uniforms are sometimes produced to be worn by teams in games, on special occasions such as anniversaries of significant events.

Throwback uniforms have proven popular in all major pro and college sports in North America, not only with fans, but with the teams' merchandising departments. Because the "authentic" uniforms (accurate reproductions) and less-authentic "replicas" had been so popular at retail, the professional leagues institutionalized throwbacks as "[[third jersey]]s". In some instances, teams will wear "fauxbacks", which are new retro-style uniforms harkening back to a time that predates the team itself. For example, though the [[Tampa Bay Rays]] first took the field in 1998, they have worn 1979-style uniforms on several occasions since introducing them in 2012, and have also worn pre-1998 jerseys of several defunct local minor league teams, including the [[Tampa Tarpons]] and [[Tampa Smokers]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rays embrace faux throwbaks for Turn Back the Clock Night |url=https://www.foxsports.com/florida/story/rays-embrace-faux-throwback-for-turn-back-the-clock-night-062114 |website=FOX Sports Florida |access-date=May 4, 2021 |date=21 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chriscreamer.com/logo.php?id=egltsw8ih6uwg1iw7536i8lxu|title=Tampa Bay Rays Wordmark Logo – American League (AL) – Chris Creamer's Sports Logos Page – SportsLogos.Net|work=chriscreamer.com}}</ref>

== American football ==
{{See also|American football uniform}}

=== National Football League ===
[[File:Champ Bailey.JPG|thumb|[[Champ Bailey]] wearing a [[Denver Broncos]] throwback uniform in 2009]]
[[File:Ben hands off to Willie.jpg|thumb|The [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] wearing their 75th year throwback uniforms against the [[Buffalo Bills]] in 2007]]
Throwbacks were introduced in the [[National Football League|NFL]] in 1991 at retail through the NFL Throwbacks Collection.{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} The rights to produce the vintage apparel was limited to six apparel licensees, including Tiedman & Company Sportswear (exclusive to jerseys), Riddell (helmets), Starter (caps), Nutmeg Mills (sweatshirts), and DeLong (jackets). In 1994, to honor the NFL's 75th Anniversary, teams were allowed to wear modern versions of their old uniform styles.

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|footer = Fltr: [[Mike Jenkins (American football)|Mike Jenkins]] in the [[Dallas Cowboys]] throwback of 2009; [[Charles Woodson]] in the [[Green Bay Packers]] throwback uniform to honor the 1929 champions; [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] throwback for the 2012 season that paid tribute to the [[1934 Pittsburgh Pirates (NFL) season|1934]] team
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In their 80th anniversary, the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] released a throwback uniform that honored the [[1934 Pittsburgh Pirates (NFL) season|1934]] team. The uniform was a gold and black horizontal-striped jersey white squares containing the numbers.<ref>[https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1149409-pittsburgh-steelers-80th-anniversary-throwback-jerseys-you-be-the-judge Pittsburgh Steelers 80th Anniversary Throwback Jerseys: You Be the Judge] by Andrea Hangst, April 17, 2012</ref> The throwback uniform was worn twice during the regular season.<ref name="steelerscomuniforms">{{Cite web|url=http://www.steelers.com/news/article-1/Games-announced-for-throwback-jerseys/a0d4f274-930e-4f23-bf1c-7502c01183c4|title=Games announced for throwback jerseys}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nfl.com/news/pittsburgh-steelers-to-unveil-throwback-uniforms-0ap1000000084666 |title=Steelers to unveil throwback uniforms vs. Redskins |work=[[National Football League]] |date=October 24, 2012 |access-date=October 24, 2012}}</ref> and drew major media attention. ''USA Today'' said that the Steelers looked like "bumblebee[s] in a Depression-era chain gang."<ref name="usatoday">{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/gameon/2012/10/28/steelers-uniforms-reaction/1663835/|title=Steelers' jailbird bumblebee throwbacks causing a stir |first=Chris |last=Chase|newspaper=USA Today |date=October 28, 2012 |access-date=November 25, 2024}}</ref>

The NFL imposed a new rule for the [[2013 NFL season|2013 season]] prohibiting the use of alternate colored helmets, eliminating many of the historically accurate throwback uniforms that had been in use up to that point. Teams are still allowed to use alternate decals (or no decals at all) for their throwbacks, but they must use them on the regular helmets.<ref>Breech, John (September 17, 2013). [http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye-on-football/23702777/buccaneers-scrap-plans-to-wear-creamsicle-throwback-uniforms Buccaneers scrap plans to wear creamsicle throwback uniforms] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106124951/http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye-on-football/23702777/buccaneers-scrap-plans-to-wear-creamsicle-throwback-uniforms |date=November 6, 2013 }}. ''CBS Sports''. Retrieved September 19, 2013.</ref> The one-helmet rule was repealed in [[2022 NFL season|2022]], allowing a number of teams to revisit classic uniforms from the past, such as the [[New York Giants]]' 1980s blue uniforms, and the [[Tennessee Titans]]' powder blue uniforms of their predecessors, the [[Houston Oilers]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-26 |title=The Surprising Thing About the New NFL Alternate Helmets |url=https://uni-watch.com/2022/07/26/the-surprising-thing-about-the-new-nfl-alternate-helmets/ |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Uni Watch}}</ref>

=== College football ===
The [[1995 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson University]] football team wore throwback uniforms in a single game during the 1995 season (October 7 vs. Georgia), in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of Clemson's football program. The uniforms resembled those of the 1939 Tigers, Clemson's first bowl team. In a continuation of the centennial celebration, the uniforms were also worn for one game the following season, a September 7, 1996, contest against Furman.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://herosports.com/college-football/acc-football-throwback-uniforms-miami-pittsburgh-ahah/|title=1996 Clemson Throwback|date=September 2018|work=uniformcritics.com}}</ref>

The [[Texas Longhorns football|Texas Longhorns]] [[college football]] team wore throwback uniforms for a single game during their [[2005 Texas Longhorns football team|2005 national championship season]] as a way of honoring the past. The throwback jerseys were similar to jerseys worn during their 1963&nbsp;National Championship season under Coach [[Darrell Royal|Darrell K Royal]].<ref name="LL PDF">{{cite news | url=http://www.mackbrown-texasfootball.com/doc_lib/2005_ULL_notes.pdf | title=Texas Game Notes – Louisiana Lafayette | access-date=March 14, 2007 | work=MackBrown-TexasFootball.com | publisher=University of Texas & Host Interactive | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216174842/http://mackbrown-texasfootball.com/doc_lib/2005_ULL_notes.pdf | archive-date=February 16, 2006 }}</ref><ref name="throwback">{{cite news | url=http://www.bevosports.com/2005/08/18/texas-throwback-unis/ | title=Texas' throwback unis | work=BevoSports.com | publisher=Bevo Sports | access-date=March 14, 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927174151/http://www.bevosports.com/2005/08/18/texas-throwback-unis/ | archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.mackbrown-texasfootball.com/doc_lib/AAS--Longhorns_to_Wear_Throwbacks.pdf | title=Longhorns will have throwback look in opener – UT football team will wear helmets, jerseys with 1963 look. | work=Austin American-Statesman | author=Golden, Cedric | date=August 18, 2005 | access-date=March 14, 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070508121610/http://www.mackbrown-texasfootball.com/doc_lib/AAS--Longhorns_to_Wear_Throwbacks.pdf | archive-date=May 8, 2007 }}</ref>

The [[2008 Illinois Fighting Illini football team|University of Illinois]] football team wore throwback uniforms in a single game on September 6, 2008, in honor of the re-dedication of the renovated [[Memorial Stadium (University of Illinois)|Memorial Stadium]]. The uniforms were styled after the 1960s-era uniforms worn by linebacker [[Dick Butkus]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anderson |first1=Wes |title=Illinois football turns back the clock with Butkus-era uniforms |url=https://dailyillini.com/sports-stories/2008/09/05/illinois-football-turns-back-the-clock-with-butkus-era-uniforms/ |access-date=28 December 2021 |work=The Daily Illini |date=5 September 2008}}</ref>

The [[2008 Virginia Cavaliers football team|University of Virginia]] football team wore throwback uniforms in a single game on September 6, 2008, in honor of Virginia's teams from 1984 through 1993. The university's athletic department termed the game a "Retro Game" instead of using the term "throwback".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uniformcritics.com/football/college/virginia-cavaliers/2008-uva-retro-unis/|title=2008 Virginia Retro Uniforms|date=June 8, 2013|work=uniformcritics.com}}</ref> The [[2012 Virginia Cavaliers football team|University of Virginia]] football team also wore throwback uniforms in a single game on September 29, 2012, in honor of Virginia's 1968 team and [[Frank Quayle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uniformcritics.com/football/college/virginia-cavaliers/2012-uva-retro-1968-unis/|title=2012 Virginia Throwback to 1968 Uniforms|date=July 9, 2013|work=uniformcritics.com}}</ref>

The [[2006 Florida Gators football team|University of Florida]] football team wore throwback uniforms in a single game on September 30, 2006, in honor of Florida's teams in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uniformcritics.com/football/college/florida-gators/2006-uf-throwback-unis/|title=2006 Florida Gators Throwback Uniform|date=June 8, 2013|work=uniformcritics.com}}</ref>

The [[2007 Washington Huskies football team|University of Washington]] football team wore throwback uniforms on September 29, 2007, to honor the [[1960 Washington Huskies football team|1960]] national championship team. The throwback jerseys were dark blue with gold helmets.<ref>{{cite web |last=Condotta |first=Bob |title=UW Football Notebook {{pipe}} 47 years later, champs to be honored |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/uw-huskies/uw-football-notebook-47-years-later-champs-to-be-honored/ |publisher=The Seattle Times |date=2007-09-25 |access-date=2021-12-08 |quote= The current Huskies will honor the team by wearing replica uniforms from 1960. The uniforms, featuring dark blue jerseys and plain gold helmets without a W}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=UW to Honor a National Title That Never Was |url=https://archive.kitsapsun.com/sports/uw-to-honor-a-national-title-that-never-was-ep-422730022-358849781.html |publisher=Kitsap Sun |date=2007-09-27 |access-date=2021-12-07 |quote=The Huskies will wear throwback uniforms to honor the 1960 team. The jerseys will be navy blue, as they were at the time, and helmets will be gold with no lettering.}}</ref> On October 16, [[2021 Washington Huskies football team|2021]] the Huskies again wore throwback jerseys to honor the 30th anniversary of the [[1991 Washington Huskies football team|1991]] national championship team.<ref>{{cite web |title=Washington to Honor 1991 National Championship Team with Throwback Uniform |url=https://gohuskies.com/news/2021/8/31/1991_Throwback.aspx |publisher=Washington Athletics |access-date=7 December 2021 |quote=Washington's throwback uniform features block numerals and the classic purple and white while introducing a brighter shade of gold on the pant to tie back to the look of the 1991 kit. The "Panting Dawg" logo makes its return and is featured not only on the hip, but on the helmet as well.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Vorel |first1=Mike |title=UW Huskies unveil throwback uniforms honoring 1991 national champions to be worn sometime this season |date=August 31, 2021 |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/uw-husky-football/uw-huskies-unveil-throwback-uniforms-honoring-1991-national-champions-to-be-worn-sometime-this-season/ |publisher=The Seattle Times |access-date=7 December 2021 |quote=The adidas design features block numerals and the classic purple and white color "while introducing a brighter shade of gold on the pant to tie back to the look of the 1991 kit."}}</ref>

For the 2009 and 2010 seasons, as part of [[Nike, Inc.|Nike's]] Pro Combat program, several college football teams, including [[Ohio State Buckeyes football|Ohio State]] and [[Oregon State Beavers football|Oregon State]] wore throwback-inspired uniforms.  In addition, for the 2009 playing of the "Holy War" rivalry against the University of Utah Utes (and also in the [[Las Vegas Bowl]]), the BYU Cougars donned royal blue throwback uniforms to commemorate the 25th anniversary of their 1984 National Championship season.  These throwbacks, along with another alternate royal blue uniform, have been employed occasionally in subsequent seasons; since in 2014, they have been worn for the team's homecoming game each year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865583954/BYU-to-wear-royal-blue-uniforms-for-Utah-game-on-Sept-21.html?pg=all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806181020/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865583954/BYU-to-wear-royal-blue-uniforms-for-Utah-game-on-Sept-21.html?pg=all|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 6, 2013|title=BYU to wear royal blue uniforms for Utah game on Sept. 21|first=Landon|last=Hemsley|date=August 1, 2013|work=[[Deseret News]]}}</ref>

The [[Kansas Jayhawks]] football team wore throwback uniforms on October 1, 2011, to honor the 50th anniversary of the 1961 KU football team, winners of the 1961 [[Bluebonnet Bowl]], the program's first-ever bowl victory.<ref>UniformCritics.com, [http://uniformcritics.com/football/college/kansas-jayhawks/2011-bluebonnet-1961-50th-anniversary-throwback/  Photos of 2011 Kansas Jayhawks Throwback Uniform].  Retrieved August 2, 2013.</ref>

The [[2016 Oregon Ducks football team|University of Oregon]] football team wore throwback uniforms on October 8, 2016 to honor the 100th anniversary of the [[1916 Oregon Webfoots football team|1916]] team, then known as the Webfoots. The jerseys were navy blue with yellow "Webfoots" lettering across the chest.<ref>{{cite web |last=Alger |first=Tyson |title=Oregon Ducks bring back 'Webfoots' uniforms for game vs. Washington Huskies |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2016/10/oregon_ducks_bring_back_webfoo.html |publisher=The Oregonian |date=2016-10-03 |access-date=7 December 2021 |quote=The tops are navy blue with yellow lettering with "Webfoots" across the chest. The bottoms are black.}}</ref>

== Association football ==
{{See also|Kit (association football)}}
[[File:Thierry Henry Charlton.jpg|thumb|[[Thierry Henry]] wearing a [[redcurrant]] colored [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] jersey in 2006]]
[[File:Paul Scholes vs Man City.jpg|thumb|[[Paul Scholes]] and [[Owen Hargreaves]] in 2008, wearing 1958-style [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] kits to mark the 50th anniversary of the [[Munich air disaster]]]]
[[File:Milan maglia.jpg|thumb|The shirt worn by [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] in the 1999–2000 season to celebrate the centenary of its foundation]]
'Retro shirts', as they are known in the United Kingdom, are also sometimes used in association football, albeit with modern fabrics. In 2005–06 [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] changed their home colours from their traditional red and white to a variant of maroon known as redcurrant as a commemoration of their final season at [[Arsenal Stadium|Highbury Stadium]]; this colour was supposedly the same shade the team had worn when they first played at Highbury in 1913,<ref>{{cite web | title=Kit Design| date=December 7, 2007| publisher=[[Arsenal F.C.]]| url =http://www.arsenal.com/history/kit-design| access-date = October 17, 2008 }}</ref> although later evidence suggested that Arsenal's main colour at that time was a more standard shade known as 'Garibaldi red'.<ref>{{cite web | first1=Mark| last1=Andrews| first2 =Andy|last2 =Kelly |title=Woolwich Arsenal in 1913 or is it? | date=February 8, 2013| work=The History of Arsenal |publisher=AISA Arsenal History Society | url =http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/5358| access-date = March 2, 2017 }}</ref> Redcurrant, however, still played a part in their kits since; most recently on their yellow change kit featuring redcurrant shorts and pinstripes on the shirt and socks, between 2010 and 2012.

[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] wore several retro-style kits in the 1990s and 2000s, based on kits the worn by the club in the 1950s and '60s, as well as that worn by their first ever team, known then as ''Newton Heath''.  The Newton Heath-inspired kit was introduced in 1992 and worn for two seasons as a third kit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manchester United Change Kits|url=http://historicalkits.co.uk/Manchester_United/Manchester_United-change-kits.html|work=historicalkits.co.uk|first=Dave|last=Moor|access-date=September 12, 2014}}</ref> They wore a replica of their jersey from 1958 during the [[Manchester derby]] against [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] on February 10, 2008, at [[Old Trafford]] to mark the 50th anniversary of the [[Munich air disaster]] four days earlier. United were granted special dispensation by the [[Premier League]] to wear the one-off uniform which was devoid of logos and kit markings, and used the traditional "one to eleven" numbering scheme rather than using [[squad number (association football)|squad numbers]].<ref>{{cite news| first=Oliver| last=Kay| title=Manchester United replicate 1958 kit to mark game of respect for Busby Babes| date=December 7, 2007| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/manchester_united/article3013603.ece| work=The Times| access-date=October 17, 2008| archive-url=https://archive.today/20080727004848/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/manchester_united/article3013603.ece| archive-date=July 27, 2008| url-status=dead}}</ref> In a gesture of solidarity, Manchester City similarly removed the sponsor and manufacturer logos from their kits for the game, giving their shirts the same clean and empty look resembling the plain shirts of the 1950s when logos and team badges were not worn. However, they used the current season's kit style and chose not to go the whole distance in producing a retro-looking kit; retaining the club crest, competition sleeve patches, and the player name and squad number on the kit but added a [[black ribbon]] above the right breast.{{cn|date=September 2020}} The previous season, [[2006–07 Manchester United F.C. season|2006–07]], United introduced a similar 1950s-style uniform to celebrate 50 years of the [[Busby Babes]]' first [[1955–56 Football League|league championship]].<ref>{{cite news | title=New home kit to be revealed on ManUtd.com | date=July 7, 2006 | publisher=[[Manchester United F.C.]] | url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Club-News/2006/Jul/New-home-kit-to-be-revealed-on-ManUtdcom.aspx | access-date= September 20, 2013 }}</ref> After their [[2008 UEFA Champions League Final|Champions League victory]] in 2008, United introduced another retro-style kit for [[2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season|2008–09]], celebrating the 40th anniversary of their first European Cup win.  The club unveiled an all-blue third kit, based on the one worn against [[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]] in the [[1968 European Cup Final|1968 final]].<ref>{{cite news | title=New blue kit for 08/09 | date=August 28, 2008 | publisher=[[Manchester United F.C.]] | url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Club-News/2008/Aug/New-blue-kit-for-0809.aspx | access-date= September 20, 2013 }}</ref>

In 1999, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of its foundation, [[A.C. Milan]] introduced a ''retro kit'' that was worn on several official matches by its players across the 1999–2000 season. The kit resembled the thin stripes design of the first silk shirts used by the club in the first decade of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Club-News/2008/Aug/New-blue-kit-for-0809.aspx|title=Milan, la bellezza delle maglie rossonere: passato, presente e futuro|access-date= March 10, 2023 }}</ref>

More authentic reproductions of kits from the past have become popular fashion items, especially jerseys linked to successful or memorable teams. When [[France national football team|France]] won the [[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998 World Cup]], their uniform was reminiscent of the design of the triumphant [[UEFA Euro 1984|Euro 1984]] team, with a red horizontal stripe and three thin horizontal stripes across the chest. Germany clearly based their [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018 World Cup]] design, featuring an unusual angular stripe pattern across the chest, on the shirt they wore while winning the trophy in 1990,<ref>[https://www.footyheadlines.com/2017/06/germany-2018-world-cup-home-kit.html Germany 2018 World Cup Home Kit Released], Footy Headlines, November 6, 2017</ref> although they failed to attain the same level of performance. Several other nations at that tournament had designs based on 'classics' of 20–30 years earlier.<ref>[https://footballshirtcollective.com/2018/06/10/every-world-cup-2018-shirt-rated-and-slated-out-of-10/ Every World Cup 2018 shirt rated and slated out of 10], Football Shirt Collective, June 10, 2018</ref>

When the [[United States men's soccer team]] took the field between 1999 and 2001, their plain white uniform with a thick V-neck collar looked reminiscent of the [[United States Soccer Federation|U.S. Soccer Federation]]'s first uniform worn in 1916. A similar uniform was produced in 2013, complete with vintage crest, to mark the 100th anniversary of the USSF.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}

For the FIFA Centenary Match in 2004, [[France national football team|France]] and [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] played in kits resembling their first ever home kits.  The Brazilian team wore white tops with blue trim, the original colours of their home kit, which was replaced in 1951 by today's yellow top with green trim after the [[Uruguay v Brazil (1950 FIFA World Cup)|1950 World Cup defeat]].<ref>{{cite news | title=Fifa centenary match France host Brazil  | date=May 21, 2004 | work=[[The Guardian]] | url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2004/may/21/newsstory.sport14 | first=Keir | last=Radnedge | access-date= April 12, 2015 }}</ref>

[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] celebrated their 125th anniversary during the [[2007–08 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season|2007–08 season]] by launching a special kit in the club's early colours, sky blue and white, which were originally worn in 1885.<ref>{{cite news | title=125th ANNIVERSARY INSPIRES NEW PUMA SPURS KITS | date=May 17, 2007 | work=[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.]] | url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/125th-anniversary-inspires-new-puma-spurs-kits-170507/ | access-date= March 7, 2017 }}</ref> The kit was worn for one game only, a 4–4 home draw to [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]].<ref>{{cite news | title=Spurs Special Edition 125 Anniversary Kit | date=October 2, 2007 | work=Football Shirt Culture | url=http://www.footballshirtculture.com/07/08-Kits/spurs-special-edition-125-anniversary-kit.html | access-date= March 7, 2017 }}</ref>

During the later stages of the 2011–12 season, financially troubled Scottish club [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] wore their normal blue shirts on the pitch, but began selling and encouraging fans to wear throwback red and black striped scarves, the traditional colours of the burgh of [[Govan]] (where [[Ibrox Stadium]] is located) in an attempt to raise money. The club would be placed in administration, face liquidation and then sold to a new ownership group, and forced to re-apply for entry to the fourth (lowest) tier of the senior Scottish football system for the [[2012–13 in Scottish football|2012–13 season]]. That year, Rangers and rivals [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] both released retro-style simple kits with round collars and small sponsor logos to acknowledge historic anniversaries, despite being with different suppliers; however, Rangers' absence from the top division meant they never met wearing the 'matching' designs.<ref>[https://www.footballkitnews.com/4591/new-rangers-strip-12-13-umbro-glasgow-rangers-home-kit-2012-2013/ New Rangers Strip 12-13- Umbro Glasgow Rangers Home Kit 2012–2013], Football Kit News, April 26, 2012</ref><ref>[https://www.footballkitnews.com/4601/new-celtic-kit-2012-2013-nike-glasgow-celtic-home-strip-12-13/ New Celtic Kit 2012-2013- Nike Glasgow Celtic Home Strip 12–13], Football Kit News, April 26, 2012</ref>

English club [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]] wore a replica of their [[1968 FA Cup Final]] kit, in their Premier League game against [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] on April 11, 2015.<ref>{{cite news | title= Jeff Astle charity launched on special West Bromwich Albion day | date= April 11, 2015 | publisher= [[BBC]] | url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-32257003 | access-date= April 12, 2015 }}</ref> It was worn to honour the match-winning goalscorer in the 1968 Cup Final, [[Jeff Astle]], who died in 2002 due to [[chronic traumatic encephalopathy]] as a result of heading the heavy leather footballs through his career. The kit used the 1–11 numbering system save for the goalkeeper's shirt, which was left blank as they were in those days.

For the [[2019 Copa América]], the [[Brazil national football team|Brazil national team]] released a 100th anniversary shirt, in white with blue details. It resembled the shirt worn in the first official match v [[Exeter City FC|Exeter City]] in 1919. The white uniform would be last worn in the [[Uruguay v Brazil (1950 FIFA World Cup)|1950 FIFA World Cup 'final']] that Brazil lost to Uruguay at Estadio Maracaná.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brazil 2019 Copa America 100th Anniversary Special-Edition Kit Released|url=https://www.footyheadlines.com/2018/04/brazil-2019-kit-to-be-white-blue.html|access-date=August 6, 2020|website=Footy Headlines}}</ref> The retro kit debuted in the first match v [[Bolivia national football team|Bolivia]].

In December 2023, German supplier [[Adidas]] released its Originals/Lifestyle collection line consisting of now classic 1970s, 1980s and 1990s national team kits. Some kits included were [[Mexico national football team|Mexico's]] 1983–84 away kit, [[Argentina national football team|Argentina's]] 1994–97 away kit featured in their group play match against [[Greece national football team|Greece]] at the [[1994 FIFA World Cup|1994 World Cup]]; the kit was worn well into the [[1997 FIFA World Youth Championship]], both of [[Germany national football team|Germany]] (home and away) and [[Spain national football team|Spain's]] (home) 1996–97 kits which were featured at [[UEFA Euro 1996|Euro 96]]. All items were released on 1 December 2023 with a pricing of $110.00 [[United States dollar|USD]] with several items selling out in less than three minutes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adidas National Team Retro Kits + Collections Released – 10 National Teams|url=https://www.footyheadlines.com/2023/11/adidas-retro-national-originals-collections.html|access-date=13 November 2023|website=Footy Headlines}}</ref>

In June 2024, [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] re-launched [[Brazil national football team|Brazil's]] home kit as worn for the [[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998 World Cup]] and both the [[1999 Copa América]] and [[1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|FIFA Confederations Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nike Are Bringing Back The Brazil 1998 R9 Jersey|url=https://www.soccerbible.com/news/2024/03/nike-are-bringing-back-the-brazil-1998-r9-jersey/|access-date=20 March 2024|website=Soccer bible.com}}</ref>

== Baseball ==
=== Major League Baseball ===
{{See also|Turn Back the Clock (baseball)|Baseball uniform}}
[[File:Aaron Miles (Dodgers throwback uniform).jpg|thumb|[[Aaron Miles]] in a throwback [[Los Angeles Dodgers]] uniform in June 2011]]
In 1990, the [[Chicago White Sox]] wore replicas of their [[1917 World Series]] uniforms against the [[Milwaukee Brewers]] as part of the White Sox celebration of the final season at [[Comiskey Park]]. During the game, the scoreboard and public address system were turned off, and the lineups announced with a hand-held megaphone.<ref>{{cite news | first=George| last=Bova| title=Memories of Old Comiskey Park: Turn Back the Clock Day July 11, 1990| publisher=White Sox Interactive | url =http://www.whitesoxinteractive.com/OldComiskey/TurnBackTheClock.html| access-date = October 17, 2008 }}</ref>

In 2003 the [[St. Louis Cardinals]] hosted the [[Baltimore Orioles]] with teams wearing retro St. Louis Cardinals and [[History of the St. Louis Browns|St. Louis Browns]] (the predecessor to today's Orioles, which moved to Baltimore for 1954) uniforms, respectively. The scoreboard that day said "Browns" and the stadium announcer played along with the fantasy as well.<ref>{{cite news | first=Matthew| last=Leach|author2=Gary Washburn  | title=Orioles turn back Cards| date=June 7, 2003| work=[[MLB.com]]| url =http://www.mlb.com/news/wrap.jsp?ymd=20030607&content_id=361373&vkey=wrapup2003&fext=.jsp&c_id=null| access-date = October 17, 2008 }}</ref>

The [[Tampa Bay Rays]] have staged a "Turn Back the Clock" promotion with a retro theme and throwback uniforms almost every season of their existence. Because the franchise does not yet have a long history from which to choose uniforms, they have often worn the uniforms of historical local teams such as the [[Tampa Tarpons]] of the [[Florida State League]] (worn in 1999, 2006, and 2010), the [[St. Petersburg Pelicans]] of the [[Senior Professional Baseball Association]] (worn in 2008), the [[St. Petersburg Saints]] (2007) and [[Tampa Smokers]] (2011) of the [[Florida International League]], and the [[Tampa Spartans|University of Tampa Spartans]] (2000). The Rays have worn their own uniforms for Turn Back the Clock night only once: in 2009, when they wore Devil Rays "rainbow" uniforms from their 1998 inaugural season.<ref>[http://www.tampabay.com/news/humaninterest/article1180400.ece "Rays have worn a variety of throwback uniforms"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016204058/http://www.tampabay.com/news/humaninterest/article1180400.ece |date=October 16, 2012 }} ''St. Pete Times''</ref>

In 2019, the [[Cincinnati Reds]] wore a total of 15 throwback uniforms throughout the season as a part of their 150th anniversary celebration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=150th Anniversary Throwback Uniforms {{!}} Cincinnati Reds |url=https://www.mlb.com/reds/one-fifty/throwback-uniforms |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=MLB.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Other leagues ===
In 1921 a baseball game held at [[Rickwood Field]] as part of the Semicentennial of [[Birmingham, Alabama]] was played in "old-style" uniforms and according to "the rules of the games as they were in 1872.".<ref name="Birmingham 1921">"Baseball Fans Given Rare Treat at Wood." (October 26, 1921) ''The Birmingham News''</ref> Since 1996 Rickwood Field has been the site of the annual "Rickwood Classic", a regular season [[Birmingham Barons]] game in which both [[Southern League (1964–2020)|Southern League]] teams wear uniforms honoring some period of their respective histories.

== Box lacrosse ==
The [[Philadelphia Wings (1987–2014)|Philadelphia Wings]] indoor lacrosse team ditched their silver, red, and black uniforms for a game to wear their original [[Philadelphia Wings (1974–75)|orange and white jerseys worn in the early 1970s]] from the original [[National Lacrosse League (1974–75)|National Lacrosse League]]. For the 100th anniversary of [[Johns Hopkins – Maryland rivalry|the rivalry]] between [[Johns Hopkins Blue Jays men's lacrosse|Johns Hopkins]] and [[Maryland Terrapins men's lacrosse|Maryland]] in [[field lacrosse|men's lacrosse]], both teams wore special retro jerseys.<ref>[http://www.diamondbackonline.com/home/index.cfm?event=displayArticlePrinterFriendly&uStory_id=0a3ea5b0-8743-4f5c-842d-a7798060ccd0 Rivalry 101: Terps vs. Johns Hopkins], ''[[The Diamondback]]'', April 15, 2005.</ref> During the 35th anniversary of women's field hockey at [[Dartmouth College]], the [[Dartmouth Big Green|Big Green]] are wearing a special harlequin-design throwback uniform.

== Canadian football ==
The first documented use of a throwback uniform came during the [[1998 Calgary Stampeders season|1998 season]], when the [[Calgary Stampeders]] wore 1948 red striped jerseys to celebrate the [[36th Grey Cup|first]] [[Grey Cup]] championship won by the Stampeders franchise. The jerseys were worn on October 4, 1998, against the [[BC Lions]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://calgaryherald.com/sports/former%20stamps%20owner%20gutsche%20dies/8915635/story.html|title=Former Stamps owner Sig Gutsche dies at 64|first=Bryan|last=Weismiller|work=calgaryherald.com}}</ref> The BC Lions were the next to wear throwback jerseys in 2003, as they were celebrating their 50th season with orange replica jerseys from the [[1954 BC Lions season]]. Those jerseys were worn four times that season with the first being the home opener that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wnESgJUudk |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/4wnESgJUudk| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|title=CFL 2003 Winnipeg Bluebombers at BC-Lions |author=((cflvideo1964))|date=July 5, 2013|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In both cases, neither uniform was accurate as the jerseys were paired with pants and helmets from both teams' present day sets. In [[2007 Saskatchewan Roughriders season|2007]], the [[Saskatchewan Roughriders]] wore green replica jerseys from the late 1960s to 1970s with double white striping over the shoulders. As opposed to the single season usage the Stampeders and Lions employed, the Roughriders wore these jerseys from 2007 to [[2013 Saskatchewan Roughriders season|2013]], including their usage in the [[97th Grey Cup|97th]] and [[98th Grey Cup]].

It wasn't until the [[2008 CFL season]] that the league started to truly embrace throwback uniforms when they announced that the [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] and [[Toronto Argonauts]] would play two games (September 12 in [[Toronto]] and October 10 in [[Winnipeg]]) to celebrate and recognize the 1950s and in particular, the [[38th Grey Cup|1950 Mud Bowl Grey Cup game]].<ref name="CFL 1950s">{{cite web|url=https://www.cfl.ca/2008/08/26/celebrating-our-legacy-the-cfl-goes-retro/|title=Celebrating Our Legacy: The CFL goes "Retro"|date=August 26, 2008|work=cfl.ca}}</ref> Both teams wore coloured jerseys, as was common during the 1950s. Toronto's jerseys were a light blue in colour, with dark blue striping on the sleeves and the team's old "Pull Together" football-as-a-ship logo on the shoulders. The Blue Bombers' jerseys were dark blue in colour, with gold sleeve stripes. The team's 1950s-era logo was on the front of the jersey, just below the V in the neck. A special CFL "Retro Week" logo adorned each jersey as well, that logo being a take-off of the maple leaf one used as the league symbol from 1954 through 1969.

For the [[2009 CFL season]], all eight teams [[2009 CFL season#CFL retro|wore retro uniforms]], this time based on uniforms from the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cfl.ca/2009/04/07/cfl-retro-celebrating-the-sixties/|title=CFL Retro: Celebrating the Sixties|date=April 7, 2009|work=cfl.ca}}</ref> Week 3 of the 2009 season featured all teams wearing their retro uniforms. When revealed at the time, four teams had white retro jerseys and four had coloured retro jerseys. As the season progressed, Saskatchewan added a green 1960s jersey for the [[Labour Day Classic]] and Calgary wore a white 1960s jersey for the Labour Day rematch versus [[Edmonton Eskimos|Edmonton]]. 11 games were scheduled during the season to feature both teams wearing these uniforms while more were added later on.

In 2010, all eight teams again [[2010 CFL season#CFL retro|wore retro uniforms]] and for this season it was based on uniforms worn from the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cfl.ca/2010/01/30/kicking-off-2010-schedule-with-momentum/|title=Kicking off 2010 schedule with momentum|date=January 30, 2010|work=cfl.ca}}</ref> Teams wore retro uniforms during weeks 6 and 7, however, contrary to the previous year, only the [[Saskatchewan Roughriders]] wore white throwback uniforms, meaning most teams wore their regular white uniforms as the away team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cfl.ca/2010/07/14/riders-set-to-celebrate-retro-style/|title=Riders set to celebrate retro style|date=July 14, 2010|work=cfl.ca}}</ref> The Roughriders wore their regular 1970s throwback jersey during retro games they hosted. Additionally, during this season, the Roughriders were celebrating their 100th anniversary as a franchise and wore black, red, and silver throwback uniforms similar to the ones worn by the Regina Roughriders from 1912 to 1947. These uniforms were worn on July 17, 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riderville.com/2010/06/15/riders-unveil-retro-jerseys/|title=Riders unveil Retro Jerseys|date=June 15, 2010|work=riderville.com}}</ref>

While the league had originally planned to celebrate with retro uniforms each season leading up to the [[100th Grey Cup]], the CFL did not introduce 1980s-themed uniforms for the [[2011 CFL season]].<ref name="CFL 1950s" /> Some teams (Calgary, Saskatchewan, Toronto, and Winnipeg) continued wearing the previous year's retro uniforms while the rest wore no throwback uniforms at all. In 2012, all teams remodeled their full uniform set with only Saskatchewan and Winnipeg carrying over their 1970s throwback uniforms.

In 2013, the Toronto Argonauts wore 1980s throwback uniforms on August 23, 2013, to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the [[71st Grey Cup]] championship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerscentre.com/events/article.jsp?content=20130822_143039_5108|title=Argonauts host Stampeders in 100th Grey Cup rematch this Friday night|website=rogerscentre.com}}</ref> Also that year, the [[Hamilton Tiger-Cats]] wore red, black, and white replicas of the 1943 [[Hamilton Flying Wildcats]] to celebrate the 70th anniversary of their [[31st Grey Cup]] victory.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thespec.com/sports-story/4059672-ticats-to-pay-homage-to-flying-wildcats-with-historic-uniforms/|title=Ticats to pay homage to Flying Wildcats with historic uniforms|date=September 3, 2013|newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator}}</ref>

== Cricket ==
In February 2005 at [[Eden Park]], Auckland, [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] and [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] contested the very first [[Twenty20 cricket]] international match. Both teams appeared in retro 1980s-style tight-fitting [[One Day International]] uniforms without team names, numbers or sponsors' logos. The Australians wore their original "yellow and gold" whilst New Zealand were in "beige" inspired by the [[Beige Brigade]] sports fans. The game was played in a light-hearted manner with both teams sporting 1980s-style head bands, moustaches and hairstyles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/image/163829.html|title=Cricket Photos – Latest cricket images – ESPN Cricinfo|work=cricinfo.com}}</ref>

== Ice hockey ==
In the [[1991–92 NHL season]], the [[Original Six]] teams, the [[Boston Bruins]], [[Chicago Blackhawks]], [[Detroit Red Wings]], [[Montreal Canadiens]], [[New York Rangers]], and [[Toronto Maple Leafs]] all wore throwback jerseys for select games, based on uniforms from before the modern expansion era. In addition, the [[43rd National Hockey League All-Star Game|All-Star Game]] featured throwbacks based upon the original All-Star uniforms from 1947–1959. In subsequent seasons, teams have worn throwback jerseys on special occasions to celebrate team or even stadium anniversaries, or in annual "heritage uniform" games. The [[NHL Heritage Classic]] and [[NHL Winter Classic]] also initially began with participating teams wearing throwback uniforms, with later games in both series seeing teams wear hybrid designs inspired by past uniforms, and on occasion from prior teams in the participants' home cities.

For the 2021 and 2022–23 seasons Adidas introduced the "Reverse Retro" program, where each team created a specialty jersey that took elements of old jerseys with a twist. Some teams had colour swapped traditional uniforms, like the [[Edmonton Oilers]] who swapped Orange and Blue on their 1980s uniforms, and [[New Jersey Devils]] who swapped Green and Red on their '80s uniforms. Other teams merged two eras of their jerseys. The [[Los Angeles Kings]] took their original colours of forum blue and gold, and applied it to their 1990s style of jerseys which were only in black and silver. As well, there were teams who combined the looks of their current and former franchises. Such as the [[Minnesota Wild]] using North Star colours on their own logo, and the [[Colorado Avalanche]] applying their current colours to the style of the [[Quebec Nordiques]] jersey.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nhl.com/news/nhl-reveals-adidas-reverse-retro-jerseys/c-319633384 |title=Reverse Retro alternate jerseys for all 31 teams unveiled by NHL, adidas |last=Ledra |first=Cristina |publisher=NHL |accessdate=2022-08-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=NHL Reverse Retro jerseys for all 32 teams unveiled by adidas|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/2022-adidas-nhl-reverse-retro-jerseys-reveal/c-336511528|website=NHL.com|date=October 20, 2022|access-date=October 20, 2022}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Retro style]]
* [[Mitchell & Ness]]
* [[Special paint scheme]] – "Retro" paint jobs found their way into [[NASCAR]] in the 1990s
* [[Turn Ahead the Clock]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{commons cat}}
* [https://www.espn.com/page2/s/newlook/throwback/baseball.html ESPN Page 2 looks at Major League Baseball throwbacks worn in 2002]
* [http://www.nhluniforms.com/ NHL Uniforms.com, visual history of NHL uniforms]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091026214137/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Stadium/3028/ NFL 75th Anniversary Throwbacks]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060105065357/http://bomberblitz.com/~rmered/clubs.htm AFL Heritage Round]

{{Supporter culture}}
{{Association football}}
{{Gridiron football equipment}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Design]]
[[Category:Nostalgia]]
[[Category:Replicas]]
[[Category:Retro style]]
[[Category:Sports terminology]]
[[Category:Sports uniforms]]