Editing Ticket machine

{{Short description|Vending machine that produces paper or electronic tickets}}
{{more footnotes|date=April 2014}}
[[File:Bahnautomat.jpg|thumb|Pushbutton and [[touch screen]] [[Deutsche Bahn]] ticket machines in [[Hinterzarten]], [[Germany]]]]
[[File:Pénztárak a Nyugatiban.jpg|thumb|In addition to ticket machines, most larger railway stations also feature staffed ticket counters. Pictured: Ticket counters at the [[Budapest Nyugati railway station|Nyugati Railway Station]] in [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]]]]
A '''ticket machine''', also known as a '''ticket vending machine (TVM)''', is a [[vending machine]] that produces paper or electronic [[Ticket (admission)|tickets]], or recharges a [[stored-value card]] or [[smart card]] or the user's [[mobile wallet]], typically on a [[smartphone]]. For instance, ticket machines dispense [[train ticket]]s  at [[railway station]]s, [[Fare|transit tickets]] at [[metro station]]s and tram tickets at some [[tram stop]]s and in some trams. &nbsp;'''Token machines''' may dispense the ticket in the form of a token which has the same function as a paper or electronic ticket. The typical transaction consists of a user using the display interface to select the type and quantity of tickets and then choosing a payment method of either [[cash]], [[Credit card|credit]]/[[debit card]] or [[Smart card|smartcard]].  The ticket(s) are then printed on paper and dispensed to the user, or loaded onto the user's smartcard or smartphone.

==Ticket and fare formats==
For most of the twentieth century, ticket machines issued paper tickets, or tokens worth one fare each. Later, fare value was loaded onto [[stored-value card]]s (first paper, later smart cards). Passengers could load any amount within a range; it did not necessarily have to correspond to any particular single fare. The cards could be reloaded until their expiration date, again with any monetary amount within a given range.

To encourage usage of ticket machines and reduce the need for salespersons, machine prices may in some cases be lower than those at a ticket counter.

==Timeline==
*'''1904''': first self-service ticket machines on the [[Central London Railway]], now part of [[London Underground]]<ref>[http://www.metadyne.co.uk/pdf_files/AFC4.pdf M. A. C. Home, ''Automatic Fare Collection on the London Underground and London Buses'', Chapter 3]</ref>
* '''1954''': [[Toronto Subway]] opens and has [[subway token|token]]s in machines from day one<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blogto.com/city/2012/12/a_brief_history_of_ttc_tokens/|title=A brief history of TTC tokens}}</ref>
*'''1977''': San Diego–based airline [[Pacific Southwest Airlines|PSA]] introduces vending machines for airline tickets<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S-_BCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA48 | title=US Airways| isbn=9781439650028| last1=Lehman| first1=William| date=2013-02-04| publisher=Arcadia}}</ref>

== Staff-operated machines ==
[[File:BEST-Electronic-Ticketing-Machine-2.JPG|200px|thumb|A handheld ticket machine used in [[BEST bus]]es in Mumbai]]
Mechanical ticket machines were used by bus drivers and conductors since the late 1920s. Their functions may include printing tickets, recording of sales and payments. Some manufacturers are MicroFx, [[Hoeft & Wessel AG|Almex]], [[Setright Machine|Setright]], [[AEG (German company)|AEG]], [[Compagnie d'Ateliers Mecaniques de Precision|CAMP]] ([[Compagnie d'Ateliers Mecaniques de Precision]]), [[Gibson (ticket machine manufacturer)|Gibson]] [[Genfare|GFI Genfare]], [[Parkeon]], [[Xerox]], [[Beckson (company)|Beckson]] and Corvia ([[Ticketer]]).

Since the 1970s (jobs), electronic computer terminals and printers are used.

Handheld ticket machines are used on buses in India to sell tickets, validate smart cards and renew passes.<ref name="BESTmachine">{{cite news|title=BEST tickets will be issued electronically |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/BEST-tickets-will-be-issued-electronically/articleshow/7035812.cms |first=Somit |last=Sen |date=4 December 2010 |work=[[Times of India]] |location=Mumbai |access-date=May 10, 2015}}</ref> These machines replaced the earlier [[manual fare collection]] system where tickets were often punched to indicate journey and fare stages.<ref name="collectiblecolour">{{cite news|title=The coloured bus ticket is now a collectible! |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/features/the-coloured-bus-ticket-is-now-a-collectible/article2322514.ece |first=Priya |last=Sheth |date=4 August 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Mumbai |access-date=May 10, 2015}}</ref>

==Enforcement==
In many countries where trains and urban transport tickets operate largely on the [[proof-of-payment|honor system]] (with enforcement by roving inspectors or conductors), there are also machines in stations (or in vehicles) for validating tickets. This is for the situation where one buys a ticket in advance and decides to use it later. Usually, the ticket is time-stamped to determine its validity period. A common problem is forgetting to validate and then being fined as if one had no ticket at all. Such machines are generally not used in the United States. Nearly all American [[mass transit]] networks operating on the honor system expect their users to buy tickets immediately before use; regular riders can avoid that inconvenience by buying period passes in advance (often from the same machines that sell daily or one-time tickets). Recently, however, a handful of [[commuter rail]] systems like [[Metrolink (California)|Metrolink]] have adopted the use of validation machines for at least some ticket types.

==Issues==

Ticket machines that are out of service or accept 'exact change only' result in losses for transport providers.

==Applications==
Ticket machines are also often used for amusement parks, cinemas (in those cases sometimes called [[ticketing kiosk]]s), car parking (see [[pay and display]]), as well as those that issue free tickets—for example, those for [[Queue area#Virtual queue|virtual queueing]].

[[Japan]] uses [[Shokken (food ticket machine)|ticket machines]] in restaurants, cafes and other establishments. Customers select an item on the machine, insert money into the machine then receive a voucher that can be exchanged for their order, unlike a vending machine where the customer would receive their item. Some ticket machines are standalone machines while other versions of the machine are located at the counter.<ref name="LJ">{{cite web|title=[Vending machine powerhouse Japan! ] How to use a ticket machine that foreigners do not know|url=https://livejapan.com/ja/in-tokyo/in-pref-tokyo/in-asakusa/article-a0001973/|language=en}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Opal card Top up machine at Engadine train station.jpg|[[Opal card]] ticket and top-up machine in [[Sydney]], [[Australia]]
File:Presto card at Oriole Station (20181011172332).jpg|A ticket and [[Presto card]] top-up machine at a suburban train station in [[Toronto]]
File:Automat biletowy2.jpg|Ticket machine in [[Otwock]], [[Poland]]
File:14-08-12-helsinki-RalfR-N3S 0439-069.jpg|A [[VR Group|VR]] ticket machine at the [[Helsinki Central Station]] in [[Helsinki]], [[Finland]]
File:WuKaiShaStation-TicketMachines.png|Ticket machines in [[Wu Kai Sha station]] of [[Hong Kong]]'s [[MTR]]
File:MetroNorthRRTicketMachine11172007.JPG|Machine for [[Metro-North Railroad]], a metropolitan [[New York City]] commuter rail system, [[United States]].
File:Jordanhill station ticket machine.jpg|A ticket machine at the [[Jordanhill railway station]] in [[Scotland]]
File:Transport Ticket Machine in Olomouc.jpg|Ticket Machine in [[Olomouc]], [[Czech Republic]]
File:Trenitalia self service ticket machine.jpg|[[Trenitalia]]'s ticket Machine at the [[Acqui Terme railway station]] </gallery>

== See also ==
* [[List of tram and light-rail transit systems]]
* [[Self service]]
* [[Interactive kiosk#Ticketing kiosk|Ticketing kiosk]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Ticket machines}}
* {{citation |chapter-url=http://www.railwaywondersoftheworld.com/ticket-machines.html | chapter = Ticket and change machines |title = Railway Wonders of the World | year=1936 |pages = 471–474 | editor-first=Clarence |editor-last=Winchester }} Illustrated description of these machines on the London Underground
* {{citation|title=Financial Self Service Kiosk Solutions and Online Banking Services|url=http://www.kiosksinc.com/kiosk-solutions/financial-kiosks|access-date=February 20, 2014|year=2014|publisher=Electronic Kiosks}} - Financial services Kiosk

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[[Category:Tickets]]
[[Category:Vending machines]]
[[Category:Street furniture]]
[[Category:Self-service]]