Editing Tidore

{{Short description|City in North Maluku , Indonesia}}

{{About||the language|Tidore language|the sultanate|Sultanate of Tidore}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Tidore
| official_name      = City of Tidore Islands<br>{{nobold|{{lang|id|Kota Tidore Kepulauan}}}}
| native_name        = 
| nickname           = 
| motto              = ''Toma Loa Se Banari''<br />(The Conscience of the People)
| settlement_type    = [[List of regencies and cities of Indonesia|City]]
| image_skyline      = Tidore Island Indonesia Daytime.jpg
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = Tidore Island, as seen from [[Ternate]] Island.
| image_flag         = City_Flag_of_Tidore_Kepulauan.png
| image_seal         = 
| image_shield       = Lambang Kota Tidore Kepulauan.png
| image_map          = 82.72.00_MalukuUtara_Tidore_Kepulauan.svg
| mapsize            = 
| map_caption        = Location within [[Maluku Islands]]
| pushpin_map        = Indonesia_Maluku_and Western New Guinea#Indonesia Halmahera#Indonesia
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Maluku Islands|Maluku]], [[Halmahera]] and [[Indonesia]]
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Indonesia}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Indonesia|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Maluku Islands]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Province]]
| subdivision_name2  = {{flag|North Maluku}}
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = Ali Ibrahim
| leader_title1      = Vice Mayor
| leader_name1       = Muhammad Senin
| leader_title2      = 
| leader_name2       = 
| leader_title3      = 
| leader_name3       = 
| established_title  = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date   = 
| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_date2  = 
| established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date3  = 
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 1703.32
| area_total_sq_mi   = 
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_land_sq_mi    = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_sq_mi   = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_urban_km2     = 
| area_urban_sq_mi   = 
| area_metro_km2     = 126.18
| area_metro_sq_mi   = 
| population_as_of   = mid 2024 estimate
| population_note    = <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kota Tidore Kepulauan Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8272)</ref>
| population_total   = 121952
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| population_metro   = 66885
| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| population_density_metro_mi2 = auto
| population_urban   = 
| population_density_urban_km2 = 
| population_density_urban_mi2 = 
| timezone           = [[Time in Indonesia|Indonesia Eastern Time]]
| utc_offset         = +9
| timezone_DST       = 
| utc_offset_DST     = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|0|41|N|127|24|E|region:ID-MU_type:isle|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m        = 
| elevation_ft       = 
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal codes in Indonesia|Postcodes]]
| postal_code        = 978xx
| area_code          = (+62) 921
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in Indonesia|Area code]]
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of Indonesia|DG]]
| website            = [http://tidorekota.go.id/ tidorekota.go.id]
| footnotes          = 
| image_map1         = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250|zoom=8}}{{hidden end}}
}}
'''Tidore''' ({{langx|id|Kota Tidore Kepulauan}}, lit. "City of Tidore Islands") is a city, island, and archipelago in the [[Maluku Islands]] of eastern [[Indonesia]], west of the larger island of [[Halmahera]]. Part of [[North Maluku]] Province, the city includes the island of Tidore (with three smaller outlying islands - [[Mare Island (Indonesia)|Mare]], Maitara and Filonga) together with a large part of Halmahera Island to its east. In the pre-colonial era, the [[Sultanate of Tidore]] was a major regional political and economic power, and a fierce rival of nearby [[Ternate]], just to the north. Included within the city is the provincial capital, [[Sofifi]], which is situated on the mainland of Halmahera (in North Oba District).
==Geography==
Tidore Island consists of a large [[stratovolcano]] which rises from the seafloor to an elevation of {{Convert|1730|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]] at the conical [[Kie Matubu]] on the south end of the island. The northern side of the island contains a [[caldera]], [[Sabale]], with two smaller volcanic cones within it.

Immediately to the south of Tidore Island lies a string of three smaller islands, each being the summit of a separate stratovolcano. From north to south these islands are [[Mare Island (Indonesia)|Mare]] (part of Tidore Islands City), [[Moti Island|Moti]] (administratively a district of [[Ternate]] city) and [[Makian]] (administratively forming two districts within [[South Halmahera Regency]]).

[[Soasio]] is Tidore's capital. It has its own port, Goto, and it lies on the eastern edge of the island. It has a mini bus terminal and a market. The sultan's palace was rebuilt with completion in 2010.<ref>[http://kerajaan-indonesia.blogspot.com/2010/03/tidore-north-maluku-has-new-palace.html Kompas]</ref>

==History==
{{See also|Sultanate of Tidore}}
Tidore was the center of a spice-funded sultanate that arose in the 15th century. It spent much of its history in the shadow of [[Ternate]], another sultanate with which it had a dualistic relationship.<ref name="LP" >{{Cite book| last =Witton | first =Patrick | title =Indonesia | publisher =Lonely Planet | year =2003 | location =Melbourne | pages =827–828| isbn=1-74059-154-2 }}</ref>

[[Islam]] spread to Tidore around the late 15th century but Islamic influence in the area can be traced further back to the late 14th century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Azra|first=Azyumardi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ePSkf-DHu5YC&pg=PA26|title=Islam in the Indonesian World: An Account of Institutional Formation|publisher=Mizan Pustaka|year=2006|isbn=978-979-433-430-0|pages=39–40|author-link=Azyumardi Azra}}</ref>

The sultans of Tidore ruled most of southern [[Halmahera]], and, at times, controlled [[Buru]], East [[Seram Island|Ceram]] and many of the islands off the coast of [[New Guinea]].<ref>Leonard Andaya (1993) ''The world of Maluku''. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, p. 99-110.</ref> Tidore established an alliance with the [[Spain|Spanish]] in the sixteenth century, and Spain had several forts on the island. There was mutual distrust between the Tidorese and the Spanish but for the Tidorese the Spanish presence was helpful in resisting the incursions of the Ternateans and their ally the [[Netherlands|Dutch]], who had a fort on Ternate. For the Spanish, backing the Tidore state helped check the expansion of Dutch power that threatened their nearby Asia-Pacific interests, provided a useful base right next to the centre of Dutch power in the region and was a source of spices for trade.<ref>Leonard Andaya (1993), p. 169-74.</ref>

Although nominally part of the [[Spanish East Indies]] in the later sixteenth century and well into the seventeenth century, the Tidore [[sultanate]] established itself as one of the strongest and most independent states in the region. After the Spanish left in 1663, it continued to resist direct control by the [[Dutch East India Company]] (the VOC). Particularly under Sultan [[Saifuddin of Tidore|Saifuddin]] (r. 1657–1687), the Tidore court was skilled at using Dutch payment for [[spices]] for gifts to strengthen traditional ties with Tidore's traditional peripheral territories. As a result, he was widely respected by many local populations, and had little need to call on foreign military help for governing the kingdom, unlike Ternate which frequently relied upon Dutch military assistance.<ref>Leonard Andaya (1993), p. 190-2.</ref>

Tidore long remained an independent state, albeit with growing Dutch interference, until the late eighteenth century. Like Ternate, Tidore allowed the Dutch spice eradication program (''extirpatie'') to proceed in its territories.<ref>Muridan Widjojo (2009) ''The revolt of Prince Nuku: Cross-cultural alliance-making in Maluku, c. 1780-1810''. Leiden: Brill, p. 33-7.</ref> This program, intended to strengthen the Dutch spice monopoly by limiting production to a few places, impoverished Tidore and weakened its control over its periphery.

In 1780 Tidore was forced to sign a treaty that reduced it to a Dutch vassal. The discontented Prince [[Nuku of Tidore|Nuku]] left Tidore and declared himself Sultan of the Papuan Islands. This was the beginning of [[Nuku Rebellion|a guerilla war]] which lasted for many years.<ref>Muridan widjojo (2009), p. 55-8.</ref> The Papuans, south-east Halmaherans and east [[Seram Island|Ceramese]] sided with the rebellious Prince Nuku. The British sponsored Nuku as part of their campaign against the Dutch in the Moluccas. Captain [[Thomas Forrest (navigator)|Thomas Forrest]] was intimately connected with Nuku and represented the British as ambassador. Nuku could finally take Tidore in 1797 and helped the British to conquer Ternate in 1801.<ref>Muridan Widjojo (2009), p. 75-88.</ref> However, his successor Zainal Abidin was expelled by Dutch forces in 1806 and Tidore was firmly brought under colonial rule.<ref>Muridan Widjojo (2009), p. 88-94.</ref>

The sultanate was abolished in the [[Sukarno]] era and re-established in 1999 with the 36th sultan.<ref name="LP"/> Tidore was largely spared from the [[Maluku sectarian conflict|sectarian conflict of 1999]] across the Maluku Islands.<ref name="LP"/>

==Administration==
[[File:Indonesia 2000 1000r r.jpg|thumb|right|Tidore Island featured on the Indonesian [[Indonesian rupiah|1,000-rupiah banknote]]]]
The island, together with three smaller islands ([[Mare Island (Indonesia)|Mare]], Maitara and Filonga) and an adjacent much larger section (called "Oba") of [[Halmahera]] Island, constitutes a municipality (''kotamadya'') within the province of [[North Maluku]]. It is officially called the "Tidore Islands City" because it includes four islands (the main island of Tidore, plus the three nearby smaller islands of [[Mare Island (Indonesia)|Mare]], Maitara and Filonga) as well as the Oba area on mainland Halmahera (also including minor offshore islands). The whole municipality covers an area of {{convert|1,703.32|km2|sqmi}} and had a 2010 Census population of 90,530;<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011">Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.</ref> the 2020 Census produced a total of 115,305<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> and the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 121,952 (comprising 62,631 males and 59,321 females).<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kota Tidore Kepulauan Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8272)</ref>
It is divided into eight [[Districts of Indonesia|districts]] (''kecamatan''), of which four constitute the island of Tidore (including the three small islands) and the other four constitute the Oba area on the 'mainland' of Halmahera. These are tabulated below with their areas (in sq km) and their populations at the 2010 Census<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011">Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.</ref> and the 2020 Census,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> together with the official estimates as at mid 2024.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kota Tidore Kepulauan Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8272)</ref> The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of [[administrative village]]s in each district (totaling 49 rural ''desa'' and 40 urban ''kelurahan''), and its post code.

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Kode <br>Wilayah || Name of<br>District<br>(''kecamatan'') || English name || Area<br>in <br> km<sup>2</sup>|| Pop'n<br>Census<br>2010 || Pop'n<br>Census<br>2020 || Pop'n<br>Estimate<br>mid 2024 ||Admin<br>centre||No.<br>of<br>''kelurahan''||No.<br>of<br>''desa''||Post<br>code
|-
| 82.72.04 || Tidore Selatan <sup>(a)</sup> <ref>Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Tidore Selatan Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8272010).</ref> || South Tidore ||align="right"|26.76||align="right"|13,129||align="right"|14,958||align="right"|15,420||Gurabati||align="center"|6||align="center"|2 <sup>(b)</sup>||97821
|-
| 82.72.05 || Tidore Utara <sup>(c)</sup> <ref>Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Tidore Utara Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8272020).</ref> || North Tidore ||align="right"|46.27||align="right"|14,573||align="right"|17,495||align="right"|18,298||Rum||align="center"|10||align="center"|4 <sup>(d)</sup>||97823
|-
| 82.72.01 || Tidore <sup>(e)</sup> <ref>Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Tidore Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8272030).</ref> || (Tidore town,<br> or Soasio) ||align="right"|23.20||align="right"|18,477||align="right"|23,010||align="right"|23,086||Tomagoba||align="center"|13||align="center"|-||97811<br>-97813
|-
| 82.72.08 || Tidore Timur <ref>Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Tidore Timur Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8272031).</ref> || East Tidore ||align="right"|29.95||align="right"|7,657||align="right"|9,603||align="right"|10,081||Tosa||align="center"|7||align="center"|-||97822
|-
| || '''(''totals on<br>Tidore Island'')''' || ||align="right"|''126.18''||align="right"|''53,836''||align="right"|''65,066''||align="right"|''66,885''|| ||align="center"|''36''||align="center"|''6''|| 
|-
| 82.72.03 || Oba <ref>Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Oba Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8272040).</ref> || Oba ||align="right"|374.36||align="right"|10,337||align="right"|13,970||align="right"|14,899||Payahe||align="center"|1||align="center"|12||97824
|-
| 82.72.07 || Oba Selatan <ref>Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Oba Selatan Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8272041).</ref> || South Oba ||align="right"|225.25||align="right"|4,892||align="right"|6,937||align="right"|6,939||Lifofa||align="center"|-||align="center"|7||97825
|-
| 82.72.02 || Oba Utara <sup>(f)</sup> <ref>Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Oba Utara Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8272050).</ref> || North Oba ||align="right"|325.31||align="right"|13,331||align="right"|19,193||align="right"|22,368||Sofifi||align="center"|2 <sup>(g)</sup> ||align="center"|11||97827
|-
| 82.72.06 || Oba Tengah <ref>Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Oba Tengah Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8272051).</ref> || Central Oba ||align="right"|652.22||align="right"|7,659||align="right"|10,139||align="right"|10,861||Akelamo||align="center"|1||align="center"|13||97826
|-
| || '''(''totals on<br>Halmahera Island'')''' || ||align="right"|''1,577.14''||align="right"|''36,219''||align="right"|''50,239''||align="right"|''55,067''|| ||align="center"|''4''||align="center"|''43''|| 
|}

Notes: (a) including Mare Island (with an area of 6.09 km<sup>2</sup> and a population of 968 in mid 2023),<ref>Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Tidore Selatan Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8272010).</ref> another stratovolcano island to the south of Tidore. (b) the two villages of Mare Island. <br>(c) including Maitara island, to the northwest of Tidore (and between Tidore and Ternate), with an area of 2.74 km<sup>2</sup> and 2,272 inhabitants in mid 2023. <br>(d) the four villages on Maitara Island. (e) including Filonga Island to the northeast of Tidore Island. <br>(f) including the town of [[Sofifi]], which since 2010 has been the provincial capital of North Maluku. (g) Sofifi and Guraping.

==References==
{{reflist}}
* Andaya, Leonard Y. 1993. ''The world of Maluku: eastern Indonesia in the early modern period''. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. {{ISBN|0-8248-1490-8}}.
* [[Hanna, Willard A.]] & [[Des Alwi]]. 1990. ''Turbulent times past in Ternate and Tidore''. Banda Naira: Rumah Budaya Banda Naira.

==External links==
{{EB1911 poster|Tidore}}
{{Commons category|Tidore}}
* [http://www.colonialvoyage.com/tidore-spanish-forts-island-tidore-1606-1663/ The History of the Spanish Presence in the Moluccas (Indonesia): the Spanish Forts in Tidore Island, Maluku, Indonesia by Marco Ramerini]
* {{cite gvp|vn=268061|name=Tidore}}

{{North Maluku}}
{{Maluku-islands}}
{{Spanish Empire}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tidore| ]]
[[Category:Former Dutch colonies]]
[[Category:Stratovolcanoes of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Volcanoes of Halmahera]]
[[Category:Islands of the Maluku Islands]]
[[Category:Landforms of North Maluku]]
[[Category:1109 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:Populated places in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Former Spanish colonies]]