Editing Tim Shallice

{{Short description|British cognitive psychologist and professor of neuropsychology}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
'''Timothy Shallice''' (born 1940) is a [[professor]] of [[neuropsychology]] and the founding director<ref>{{Cite web|last=UCL|date=2018-01-08|title=ICN History|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/icn/about-icn/icn-history|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience|language=en}}</ref> of the [[UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience|Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience]], part of [[University College London]]. He has been a professor at Cognitive Neuroscience Sector of the [[International School for Advanced Studies]] (SISSA) in [[Trieste]], Italy since 1994 but is now retired.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vision and Research {{!}} Cognitive Neuroscience |url=https://phdcns.sissa.it/vision-and-research |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=phdcns.sissa.it}}</ref>

Shallice has been influential in laying the foundations for the discipline of [[cognitive neuropsychology]], by formalising many of its methods and assumptions in his 1988 book ''From Neuropsychology to Mental Structure''. He has also worked on many core problems in [[cognitive psychology]] and neuropsychology, including [[executive function]], [[language]] and [[memory]]. Together with psychologist [[Don Norman]], Shallice proposed a framework of attentional control of executive functioning. One of the components of the Norman-Shallice model is the [[supervisory attentional system]].<ref name="1a">{{cite book|last=Friedenberg|first=Jay|author2=Gordon Silverman |title=Cognitive Science: An Introduction of the Study of Mind|year=2010|publisher=SAGE Publications|location=United States of America|isbn=978-1-4129-7761-6|pages=180–182}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Assessment of executive functions: Review of instruments and identification of critical issues|first1=Raymond C. K.|last1=Chan|first2=David|last2=Shum|first3=Timothea|last3=Toulopoulou|first4=Eric Y. H.|last4=Chen|date=1 March 2008|journal=Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology|volume=23|issue=2|pages=201–216|doi=10.1016/j.acn.2007.08.010|pmid=18096360|doi-access=free}}</ref> The model is viewed as a possible realization of [[Alexander Luria]]'s theory in information-processing terms.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Frontal Lobe Function and Dysfunction|last1=Levin|first1=Harvey|last2=Eisenberg|first2=Howard|last3=Benton|first3=Arthur|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1991|isbn=0195062841|location=Oxford|pages=125}}</ref>

Together with John Fox, Shallice was also awarded a grant on cognitive modelling by the [[United Kingdom]]'s Joint Council Initiative in Cognitive Science and Human-Computer Interaction.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Modelling High-level Cognitive Processes|last=Cooper|first=Richard|publisher=Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers|year=2011|isbn=978-0805838831|location=Mahwah, NJ|pages=xiii}}</ref> The project developed an existing specification language for [[cognitive model]]ling and resulted to a prototype COGENT system.<ref name=":0" />

Shallice also co-authored a study on the relationship of prospective and retrospective memory using neuropsychological evidence with Paul W. Burgess.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Cognitive Models of Memory|last=Conway|first=Martin A. |publisher=MIT Press|year=1997|isbn=0262032457|location=Cambridge, MA}}</ref> Shallice contributed in the development of [[neuropsychological test]]s including the [[Hayling and Brixton tests]] and the Behavioural Assessment of the [[Frontal lobe disorder|Dysexecutive Syndrome]] (BADS).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pearsonclinical.co.uk/Psychology/AdultCognitionNeuropsychologyandLanguage/AdultAttentionExecutiveFunction/BehaviouralAssessmentoftheDysexecutiveSyndrome(BADS)/BehaviouralAssessmentoftheDysexecutiveSyndrome(BADS).aspx|title=Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) - Pearson Assessment|website=www.pearsonclinical.co.uk|access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref>

He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] in 1996.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/| title = Fellows | publisher= Royal Society| access-date = 23 January 2011}}</ref>

== Publications ==

=== Books ===
*{{cite book| last=Shallice |first=Tim |year=1988 |title=From Neuropsychology to Mental Structure |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TclMKLNAQggC |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-52-130874-8}} (also available in paperback and Adobe eBook)
* {{cite book |last1=Shallice |first1=Tim |last2=Cooper |first2=Rick |year=2011 |title=The Organisation of Mind |journal=Cortex; A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior |volume=48 |issue=10 |pages=1366–70 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RKuwy22Sc6QC |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2011.07.004 |pmid=23040241 |isbn=978-0-19-957924-2|s2cid=5559324 }}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060528184236/http://www.icn.ucl.ac.uk/Staff-Lists/MemberDetails.php?Title=Prof&FirstName=Tim&LastName=Shallice Tim Shallice's homepage]

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[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:British cognitive scientists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of London]]
[[Category:Neuropsychologists]]