Editing Timeline of motor and engine technology

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'''[[Timeline]] of [[Electric motor|motor]] and [[engine]] [[technology]]'''
* (c. 30–70 AD) – [[Hero of Alexandria]] describes the first documented steam-powered device, the ''[[aeolipile]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aeolipile {{!}} Steam Turbine, Invention & Usage {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/aeolipile |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
* 13th century – Chinese [[chronicle]]s wrote about a [[solid-fuel rocket|solid-rocket motor]] used in warfare.
* 1698 – [[Thomas Savery]] builds a steam-powered water [[pump]] for pumping water out of mines.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dickinson |first=Henry Winram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qQU6AAAAIAAJ |title=a short history of the steam engine |date=1963 |publisher=CUP Archive |language=en}}</ref>
* 1712 – [[Thomas Newcomen]] builds a [[Newcomen steam engine|piston-and-cylinder steam-powered water pump]] for pumping water out of mines.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-01 |title=Thomas Newcomen {{!}} Biography, Steam Engine, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Newcomen |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
* 1769 – [[James Watt]] patents his first improved [[steam engine]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dickinson |first=H. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o7xZEAAAQBAJ |title=A Short History of the Steam Engine |date=2022-01-26 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-75104-2 |language=en}}</ref>

==19th Century==
* 1806 – [[François Isaac de Rivaz]] invented a [[de Rivaz engine|hydrogen powered engine]], the first successful [[internal combustion engine]].
* 1807 – [[Nicéphore Niépce]] and his brother Claude build a fluid piston internal combustion engine, the [[Pyréolophore]] and use it to power a boat up the river [[Saône]].
* 1816 – [[Robert Stirling]] invented his hot air [[Stirling engine]], and what we now call a "[[regenerative heat exchanger|regenerator]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robert Stirling {{!}} Heat engine, Renewable energy, Air engine {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Stirling |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Stirling engine |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100533419 |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=Oxford Reference |language=en }}</ref>
* 1821 – [[Michael Faraday]] builds an [[electric motor|electricity-powered motor]].
* 1824 – [[Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot]] first publishes that the efficiency of a [[heat engine]] depends on the temperature difference between an engine and its environment.
* 1837 – First American patent for an electric motor ({{US patent|132}}).
* 1850 – The first explicit statement of the [[first law of thermodynamics|first]] and [[second law of thermodynamics]], given by [[Rudolf Clausius]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rudolf Clausius {{!}} Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, Entropy {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudolf-Clausius |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
* 1860 – Lenoir 2 cycle engine<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-31 |title=Étienne Lenoir {{!}} Internal Combustion Engine, Automobile, Gas Engine {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Etienne-Lenoir |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
* 1872 – Brayton Engine 
* 1877 – [[Nicolaus Otto]] patents a four-stroke [[internal combustion engine]] ({{US patent|194047}}).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-06 |title=Nikolaus Otto {{!}} Internal Combustion, Automobile Engines & Inventor {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nikolaus-Otto |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
* 1882 – [[James Atkinson (inventor)|James Atkinson]] invents the [[Atkinson cycle]] engine, now common in some hybrid vehicles.
* 1885 – [[Gottlieb Daimler]] patents the first [[supercharger]].
* 1886 – [[Hot-bulb engine]] was established by [[Herbert Akroyd Stuart]], [[Gottlieb Daimler]] invents the [[Petrol engine]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gottlieb Daimler {{!}} Automotive Pioneer, Internal Combustion Engine & Industrialist {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gottlieb-Daimler |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
* 1888 – An AC [[induction motor]] is featured in a paper published by [[Galileo Ferraris]] and is patented in the U.S. by [[Nikola Tesla]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=vDQHzeEmSfUC&dq=tesla+Ferraris+induction&pg=PR14 Bill Drury, Control Techniques Drives and Controls Handbook, page xiv]</ref>
* 1892 – [[Rudolf Diesel]] patents the [[Diesel engine]] ({{US patent|608845}}).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-12-19 |title=How Rudolf Diesel's engine changed the world |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-38302874 |access-date=2024-08-02 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* 1899 – [[Ferdinand Porsche]] creates the [[Lohner–Porsche]], the first [[hybrid vehicle]].

==20th Century==
[[File:SERT-1 spacecraft.jpg|thumb|First ion engine, NASA, 1964]]
* 1903 – [http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/dorev-knigi/ciolkovskiy/issl-03st.html The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices] was published by [[Konstantin Tsiolkovsky]]
* 1905 – Alfred Büchi patents the [[turbocharger]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turbochargers – USC Viterbi School of Engineering |url=https://illumin.usc.edu/turbochargers/ |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=illumin.usc.edu}}</ref>
* 1913 – [[René Lorin]] invents the [[ramjet]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-12 |title=Ramjet {{!}} Supersonic, Jet Engines, Propulsion {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/ramjet |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
* 1915 – [[Leonard Dyer]] invents a [[six-stroke engine]], now known as the [[Crower six stroke|Crower six-stroke engine]] named after his reinventor [[Bruce Crower]].
* 1926 – [[Robert H. Goddard]] launched the first [[Liquid-propellant rocket|liquid-fueled rocket]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-17 |title=95 Years Ago: Goddard's First Liquid-Fueled Rocket - NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/history/95-years-ago-goddards-first-liquid-fueled-rocket/ |access-date=2024-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=seanm |date=2012-09-14 |title=Robert H. Goddard: American Rocket Pioneer |url=https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/stories/robert-h-goddard-american-rocket-pioneer |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=Smithsonian Institution Archives}}</ref>
* 1929 – [[Felix Wankel]] patents the [[Wankel engine|Wankel rotary engine]] ({{US patent|2988008}}).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wankel engine {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Wankel-engine |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
* Late 1930s – [[Hans von Ohain]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jet Engines |url=https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/ww2/projects/jet-airplanes/planes.html |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=cs.stanford.edu}}</ref> and [[Frank Whittle]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sir Frank Whittle {{!}} Jet engine pioneer, RAF officer, engineer {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frank-Whittle |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> separately build pioneering [[gas turbine]] engines intended for aircraft propulsion, leading to the pioneering [[turbojet]] powered flights in 1939 Germany and 1941 England.
* 1939 – The BMW company's [[BMW 801]] aviation [[radial engine]] pioneers the use of an early form of an [[engine control unit]], the [[Engine control unit|''Kommandogerät'']].
* 1940s – Ralph Miller patents his [[Miller cycle]] engine.
* 1954 – [[Felix Wankel]] creates the first working [[Wankel engine]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Wankel rotary engine |encyclopedia=World Encyclopedia |date=2004 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199546091.001.0001/acref-9780199546091-e-12309 |access-date=2024-08-02 |publisher=Philip's |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780199546091.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-954609-1|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* 1957 – Rambler Rebel announced [http://www.oldcarsweekly.com/restoration/restoration-tips/1957_amc_rambler_rebel Electrojector] electronic fuel injection option, however no production models were offered with the option.
* 1964 – [[Ion engine]] invented.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Webb-Mack |first=Zoë |title=A Brief History of Ion Propulsion |url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/723/a-brief-history-of-ion-propulsion |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=NASA Solar System Exploration}}</ref>
* 1966 – [[RD-0410]] [[nuclear thermal rocket]] engine was ground-tested.
* 1960s – [[alternator (auto)|alternator]]s replace generators on automobile engines.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-12 |title=Alternator {{!}} Generator, Voltage Regulator & AC Power {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/alternator |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
* 1970s – [[Electronic ignition#Electronic ignition|electronically controlled ignition]] appears in automobile engines.
* 1975 – [[Catalytic converter]]s are first widely introduced on production automobiles in the US to comply with tightening EPA regulations on auto exhaust.
* 1980s – electronically controlled ignition improved to reduce pollution.
* 1980s – electronic [[fuel injection]] appears on gasoline automobile engines.
* 1989 – [[Six-stroke engine#Bajulaz six-stroke engine|The Bajulaz Six-Stroke Engine]] was invented by the Bajulaz S A company, based in [[Geneva]], Switzerland; it has {{US patent|4809511}} and {{US patent|4513568}}.
* 1990s – [[Hybrid vehicle]]s that run on an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor charged by [[regenerative braking]].

==See also==
* [[Timeline of heat engine technology]] for a view of the human understanding of the interchangeability of work and heat.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Technology timelines|Motor]]