Editing Timeline of programming languages

{{Short description|none}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=December 2010}}
{{primary sources|date=December 2010}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Programming language lists}}
{{Dynamic list}}
This is a record of notable [[programming language]]s, by decade. 

==Pre-1950==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|-
|1804
|[[Jacquard machine]]
|[[Joseph Marie Jacquard]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
|1879 
|[[Begriffsschrift]]
|[[Gottlob Frege]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
|1943–45
|[[Plankalkül]] (year of conceptualization)
|[[Konrad Zuse]]
|{{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1943–46
| [[ENIAC|ENIAC coding system  ]]
| [[John von Neumann]], [[John Mauchly]], [[J. Presper Eckert]] and [[Herman Goldstine]] after [[Alan Turing]]. The first programmers of ENIAC were [[Kathleen Antonelli|Kay McNulty]], [[Jean Bartik|Betty Jennings]], [[Betty Holberton|Betty Snyder]], [[Marlyn Wescoff|Marlyn Meltzer]], [[Frances Spence|Fran Bilas]], and [[Ruth Teitelbaum|Ruth Lichterman]].
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1946
| [[ENIAC#Programming languages|ENIAC Short Code]]
| Richard Clippinger and [[John von Neumann]] after [[Alan Turing]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1947–52
| [[Kathleen Booth#Career|ARC/Birkbeck Assembler]]
| [[Kathleen Booth]]
| ENIAC Short Code<ref>{{cite web |title=ARC - Assembler for Booth |url=https://hopl.info/showlanguage.prx?exp=4929 |website=hopl.info |access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 1948
| [[Plankalkül]] (year of concept publication)
| [[Konrad Zuse]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1949
| [[EDSAC#System software|EDSAC Initial Orders]]
| [[David Wheeler (computer scientist)|David Wheeler]]
| ENIAC coding system
|-
| 1949
| [[Short Code (computer language)|Short Code]] (originally known as Brief Code)
| [[John Mauchly]] and William F. Schmitt
| ENIAC Short Code
|- class="sortbottom"
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}

==1950s==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|-
| 1950
| [[Short Code (computer language)|Short Code]] (for UNIVAC&nbsp;I) 
| William F. Schmitt
| Short Code
|-
| 1951
| [[Superplan]]
| [[Heinz Rutishauser]]
| Plankalkül
|-
| 1951
| ALGAE
| Edward A. Voorhees and Karl Balke
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1951
| Intermediate Programming Language
| [[Arthur Burks]]
| Short Code
|-
| 1951
| Boehm unnamed coding system
| [[Corrado Böhm]]
| CPC Coding scheme
|-
| 1951
| Klammerausdrücke
| [[Konrad Zuse]]
| Plankalkül
|-
| 1951
| Stanislaus (Notation)
| [[Friedrich L. Bauer|Fritz Bauer]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1951
| [[Sort Merge Generator]]
| [[Betty Holberton]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1952
| [[Short Code (computer language)|Short Code]] (for UNIVAC&nbsp;II)
| Albert B. Tonik,<ref>[http://purl.umn.edu/104288 UNIVAC conference], [[Charles Babbage Institute]], University of Minnesota.  171-page transcript of oral history with computer pioneers, including Albert B. Tonik, involved with the [[Univac]] computer, held on 17–18 May 1990.</ref> J. R. Logan
| Short Code (for UNIVAC&nbsp;I)
|-
| 1952
| [[A-0 System|A-0]]
| [[Grace Hopper]]
| Short Code
|-
| 1952
| [[Autocode|Glennie Autocode]]
| [[Alick Glennie]] after [[Alan Turing]]
| CPC Coding scheme
|-
| 1952
| Operator programming
| Alexey Andreevich Lyapunov with the participation [[Kateryna Yushchenko (scientist)|Kateryna Yushchenko]]
| [[MESM]]
|-
| 1952
| Editing Generator
| Milly Koss
| SORT/MERGE
|-
| 1952
| COMPOOL
| RAND/SDC
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1953
| [[Speedcoding]]
| [[John Backus|John W. Backus]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1953
| READ/PRINT
| Don Harroff, James Fishman, George Ryckman
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1954
| [[Laning and Zierler system]]
| Laning, Zierler, Adams at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] [[Whirlwind (computer)|Project Whirlwind]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1954
| [[Autocode|Mark I Autocode]]
| [[Tony Brooker]]
| Glennie Autocode
|-
| 1954–55
| [[Fortran|FORTRAN]] (concept)
| Team led by [[John Backus|John W. Backus]] at [[IBM]]
| Speedcoding
|-
| 1954
| [[ARITH-MATIC]]
| Team led by [[Grace Hopper]] at UNIVAC
| A-0
|-
| 1954
| [[MATH-MATIC]]
| Team led by Charles Katz
| A-0
|-
| 1954
| MATRIX MATH
| H G Kahrimanian
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1954
| [[Information Processing Language|IPL I]] (concept)
| [[Allen Newell]], [[Cliff Shaw]], [[Herbert A. Simon]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1955
| [[Address (programming language)|Address programming language]]
| [[Kateryna Yushchenko (scientist)|Kateryna Yushchenko]]
| Operator programming – Alexey Andreevich Lyapunov & [[Kateryna Yushchenko (scientist)|Kateryna Yushchenko]] & [[MESM]]
|-
| 1955
| [[FLOW-MATIC]]
| Team led by [[Grace Hopper]] at UNIVAC
| A-0
|-
| 1955
| BACAIC
| M. Grems and R. Porter
|
|-
| 1955
| [[PACT I]]
| [[SHARE (computing)|SHARE]]
| FORTRAN, A-2
|-
| 1955
| Freiburger Code<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pl.attitu.de/zuse/technik/freiburger.html|title=Der Freiburger Code auf der Zuse|language=de|access-date=26 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.horst-zuse.homepage.t-online.de/seite51.html|title=Z22|author=H. Zuse|access-date=26 October 2014}}</ref>
| [[University of Freiburg]]
| {{n/a}}
|-
| 1955–56
| Sequentielle Formelübersetzung
| [[Friedrich L. Bauer|Fritz Bauer]] and Karl Samelson
| Boehm
|-
| 1955–56
| IT
| Team led by [[Alan Perlis]]
| Laning and Zierler
|-
| 1955
| PRINT
| IBM
|
|-
| 1958
| [[Information Processing Language|IPL II]] (implementation)
| [[Allen Newell]], [[Cliff Shaw]], [[Herbert A. Simon]]
| IPL I
|-
| 1956–58
| [[Lisp (programming language)|LISP]] (concept)
| [[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]]
| IPL
|-
| 1957
| [[COMTRAN]]
| [[Bob Bemer]]
| FLOW-MATIC
|-
| 1957
| [[GEORGE (programming language)|GEORGE]]
| [[Charles Leonard Hamblin]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1957
| [[FORTRAN I]] (implementation)
| [[John Backus|John W. Backus]] at [[IBM]]
| FORTRAN
|-
| 1957–58
| UNICODE
| Remington Rand UNIVAC
| MATH-MATIC
|-
| 1957
| [[COMIT]] (concept)
| [[Victor Yngve]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1958
| [[Fortran#FORTRAN II|FORTRAN II]]
| Team led by [[John Backus|John W. Backus]] at [[IBM]]
| FORTRAN I
|-
| 1958
| [[ALGOL 58]] (IAL)
| ACM/GAMM
| FORTRAN, IT, Sequentielle Formelübersetzung
|-
| 1958
| [[Information Processing Language|IPL V]]
| [[Allen Newell]], [[Cliff Shaw]], [[Herbert A. Simon]]
| IPL II
|-
| 1959
| [[APT (programming language)|APT]]
| [[Douglas T. Ross]]
|
|-
| 1959
| [[FACT computer language|FACT]]
| [[Fletcher R. Jones]], [[Roy Nutt]], Robert L. Patrick
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1959
| [[COBOL]] (concept)
| The [[CODASYL]] Committee
| FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN, FACT
|-
| 1959
| [[JOVIAL]]
| [[Jules Schwartz]] at [[System Development Corporation|SDC]]
| [[ALGOL 58]]
|-
| 1959
| [[Lisp (programming language)|LISP]] (implementation)
| [[Steve_Russell_(computer_scientist)|Steve Russell]]
| IPL
|-
| 1959
| [[MAD (programming language)|MAD – Michigan Algorithm Decoder]]
| [[Bruce Arden]], [[Bernard Galler]], and [[Robert M. Graham (computer scientist)|Robert M. Graham]]
| [[ALGOL 58]]
|-
| 1959
| [[TRAC (programming language)|TRAC]] (concept)
| [[Calvin Mooers]]
|
|- class="sortbottom"
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}

==1960s==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|-
| 1960
| [[ALGOL 60]]
|
| ALGOL 58
|-
| 1960
| [[COBOL]] 61 (implementation)
| The [[CODASYL]] Committee
| FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN
|-
| 1960
| [[SAKO (programming language)|SAKO]]
| Leon Łukaszewicz, ''et al.'', [[Polish Academy of Sciences]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Łukaszewicz |first=Leon |date=1961-01-01 |title=SAKO—An automatic coding system |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0066413861800086 |journal=Annual Review in Automatic Programming |language=en |volume=2 |pages=161–176 |doi=10.1016/S0066-4138(61)80008-6 |issn=0066-4138|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1961
| [[COMIT]] (implementation)
| [[Victor Yngve]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1961
| [[GPSS]]
| Geoffrey Gordon, [[IBM]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1962
| [[Fortran#FORTRAN IV|FORTRAN IV]]
| [[IBM]]
| FORTRAN II
|-
| 1962
| [[APL (programming language)|APL]] (concept)
| [[Kenneth E. Iverson]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1962
| [[Simula]] (concept)
| [[Ole-Johan Dahl]] (mostly)
| ALGOL 60
|-
| 1962
| [[SNOBOL]]
| [[Ralph Griswold]], ''et al.''
| FORTRAN II, COMIT
|-
| 1963
| [[CPL (programming language)|Combined Programming Language]] (CPL) (concept)
| Barron, [[Christopher Strachey]], ''et al.''
| ALGOL 60
|-
| 1963
| [[SNOBOL]]3
| [[Ralph Griswold|Griswold]], ''et al.''
| SNOBOL
|-
| 1963
| [[ALGOL 68]] (concept)
| [[Adriaan van Wijngaarden]], ''et al.''
| ALGOL 60
|-
| 1963
| [[JOSS]] I
| Cliff Shaw, [[RAND Corporation|RAND]]
| ALGOL 58
|-
| 1964
| [[MIMIC]]
| H. E. Petersen, ''et al.''
| MIDAS
|-
| 1964
| [[COWSEL]]
| [[Rod Burstall]], [[Robin Popplestone]]
| CPL, LISP
|-
| 1964
| [[PL/I]] (concept)
| [[IBM]]
| ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN
|-
| 1964
| [[Basic Assembly Language]]
| [[IBM]]
| Assembly language
|-
| 1964
| [[BASIC]]
| [[John George Kemeny]], [[Thomas Eugene Kurtz]] at [[Dartmouth College]]
| FORTRAN II, JOSS
|-
| 1964
| [[IBM RPG]]
| [[IBM]]
| FARGO
|-
| 1964
| [[MARK IV (software)|Mark-IV]]
| [[Sterling Software|Informatics]]
|
|-
| 1964
| [[Speakeasy (computational environment)|Speakeasy-2]]
| Stanley Cohen at [[Argonne National Laboratory]]
| Speakeasy
|-
| 1964
| [[TRAC (programming language)|TRAC]] (implementation)
| [[Calvin Mooers]]
|
|-
| 1964
| [[P′′]]
| [[Corrado Böhm]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1964?
| [[IITRAN]]
|
|
|-
| 1965
| [[RPG II]]
| [[IBM]]
| [[FARGO]], [[IBM RPG|RPG]]
|-
| 1965
| [[MAD (programming language)|MAD/I]] (concept)
| [[University of Michigan]]
| [[MAD (programming language)|MAD]], [[ALGOL 60]], [[PL/I]]
|-
| 1965
| [[TELCOMP]]
| [[BBN Technologies|BBN]]
| JOSS
|-
| 1965
| [[Atlas Autocode]]
| [[Tony Brooker]], Derrick Morris at [[Manchester University]]
| [[ALGOL 60]], [[Autocode]]
|-
| 1965
| [[PL360]] (concept)
| [[Niklaus Wirth]]
| [[ALGOL 60]], [[Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language|ESPOL]]
|-
| 1966
| [[JOSS|JOSS II]]
| Chuck Baker, [[RAND]]
| JOSS I
|-
| 1966
| [[ALGOL W]]
| [[Niklaus Wirth]], [[C. A. R. Hoare]]<!-- "A Contribution to the Development of Algol" in [ACM] (1966) [ACM] CACM 9(06) June 1966 -->
| ALGOL 60
|-
| 1966
| [[FORTRAN 66]]
| [[John Backus]] and his team
| FORTRAN IV
|-
| 1966
| [[ISWIM]] (concept)
| [[Peter J. Landin]]
| LISP
|-
| 1966
| [[CORAL]] 66
| I. F. Currie, M. Griffiths
| ALGOL 60
|-
| 1966
| [[APL (programming language)|APL]] (implementation)<ref>{{cite web|last=Smillie|first=Keith|url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/iverson_9147499.cfm |title=Kenneth E. Iverson – A.M. Turing Award Winner |publisher=ACM}}</ref>
| [[Kenneth E. Iverson]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1967
| [[BCPL]]
| [[Martin Richards (computer scientist)|Martin Richards]]
| CPL
|-
| 1967
| [[MUMPS]]
| [[Massachusetts General Hospital]]
| FORTRAN, TELCOMP
|-
| 1967
| [[Simula]] 67 (implementation)
| [[Ole-Johan Dahl]], Bjørn Myhrhaug, [[Kristen Nygaard]] at [[Norwegian Computing Center|Norsk Regnesentral]]
| ALGOL 60
|-
| 1967
| [[Interlisp]]
| D.G. Bobrow and D.L. Murphy
| Lisp
|-
| 1967
| [[EXAPT]]
| Herwart Opitz, Wilhelm Simon, Günter Spur, and Gottfried Stute at [[RWTH Aachen University]] and [[TU Berlin]]
| [[APT (programming language)|APT]]
|-
| 1967
| [[SNOBOL]]4
| [[Ralph Griswold]], ''et al.''
| SNOBOL3
|-
| 1967
| [[XPL]]
| William M. McKeeman, ''et al.'' at [[University of California, Santa Cruz]]<br />[[Jim Horning|J. J. Horning]], ''et al.'' at [[Stanford University]]
| PL/I
|-
| 1968
| [[ALGOL 68]] ([[UNESCO]]/[[International Federation for Information Processing|IFIP]] standard)
| [[Adriaan van Wijngaarden]], [[Barry J. Mailloux]], [[John E. L. Peck]] and [[Cornelis H. A. Koster]], ''et al.''<!-- The final version, MR 101, was adopted by the Working Group on 20 December 1968 in Munich, and was subsequently approved for publication by the General Assembly of I.F.I.P. -->
| ALGOL 60
|-
| 1968
| [[COWSEL|POP-1]]
| [[Rod Burstall]], [[Robin Popplestone]]
| COWSEL
|-
| 1968
| [[DIBOL]]-8
| [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]]
| DIBOL
|-
| 1968
| [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]] (concept)
| [[Charles H. Moore|Moore]]
|
|-
| 1968
| [[Logo (programming language)|Logo]]
| [[Wally Feurzeig]], [[Seymour Papert]], [[Cynthia Solomon]]
| LISP
|-
| 1968
| [[MAPPER]]
| [[Unisys]]
| CRT RPS
|-
| 1968
| [[REFAL]] (implementation)
| [[Valentin Turchin]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1968
| [[TTM (programming language)|TTM]] (implementation)
| Steven Caine and E. Kent Gordon, [[California Institute of Technology]]
| GAP, GPM
|-
| 1968
| [[PILOT]]
| [[John Amsden Starkweather]], [[University of California, San Francisco]]
| Computest
|-
| 1968
| [[PL360]] (implementation)
| [[Niklaus Wirth]]
| [[ALGOL 60]], [[Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language|ESPOL]]
|-
| 1968
| [[IBM PL/S|PL/S]] (as Basic Systems Language)
| [[IBM]]
| Assembly language
|-
| 1969
| [[PL/I]] (implementation)
| [[IBM]]
| ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN
|-
| 1969
| [[B (programming language)|B]]
| [[Ken Thompson]], with contributions from [[Dennis Ritchie]]
| [[Fortran]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EY6q5dv_B-o | title=Ken Thompson interviewed by Brian Kernighan at VCF East 2019 | website=[[YouTube]] | date=6 May 2019 }}</ref>
|-
| 1969
| [[Polymorphic Programming Language]] (PPL)
| Thomas A. Standish at [[Harvard University]]
|
|-
| 1969
| [[SETL]]
| [[Jack Schwartz]] at [[Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences]]
| ALGOL 60
|-
| 1969
| [[TUTOR]]
| Paul Tenczar & [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]]
|
|-
| 1969
| [[Edinburgh IMP]]
| [[Edinburgh University]]
| [[ALGOL 60]], [[Autocode]], [[Atlas Autocode]]
|- class="sortbottom"
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}

==1970s==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|-
| 1970
| [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]] (implementation)
| [[Charles H. Moore]]
|
|-
| 1970
| [[POP-2]]
| [[Robin Popplestone]]
| POP-1
|-
| 1970
| [[SAIL (programming language)|SAIL]]
| Dan Swinehart, [[Bob Sproull]]
| [[ALGOL 60]]
|-
| 1970
| [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]]
| [[Niklaus Wirth]], Kathleen Jensen
| ALGOL 60, [[ALGOL W]]
|-
| 1970
| [[BLISS]]
| Wulf, Russell, Habermann at [[Carnegie Mellon University]]
| [[ALGOL]]
|-
| 1971
| [[KRL (programming language)|KRL]]
| [[Daniel G. Bobrow]] at [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]], [[Terry Winograd]] at [[Stanford University]]
| KM, FRL (MIT)
|-
| 1971
| [[Compiler Description Language]] (CDL)
| [[Cornelis H.A. Koster]] at [[University of Nijmegen]]
|
|-
| 1972
| [[Smalltalk]]-72
| [[Alan Kay]], [[Adele Goldberg (computer scientist)|Adele Goldberg]], [[Dan Ingalls]], [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]]
| [[Simula]] 67
|-
| 1972
| [[PL/M]]
| [[Gary Kildall]] at [[Digital Research]]
| PL/I, ALGOL, XPL
|-
| 1972
| [[C (programming language)|C]]
| [[Dennis Ritchie]]
| B, BCPL, [[ALGOL 68]]
|-
| 1972
| [[INTERCAL]]
| [[Don Woods (programmer)|Don Woods]], James M. Lyon
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1972
| [[Prolog]]
| [[Alain Colmerauer]]
| 2-level W-Grammar
|-
| 1972
| Structured Query language ([[SQL]])
| [[IBM]]
| ALPHA, Quel (Ingres)
|-
| 1972
| [[SASL (programming language)|SASL]]
| [[David Turner (computer scientist)|David Turner]] at [[University of St Andrews]]
| [[ISWIM]]
|-
| 1973
| [[COMAL]]
| Børge Christensen, Benedict Løfstedt
| Pascal, BASIC
|-
| 1973
| [[ML (programming language)|ML]]
| [[Robin Milner]]
|
|-
| 1973
| [[LIS (programming language)|LIS]]
| [[Jean Ichbiah]] ''et al.'' at [[Groupe Bull|CII Honeywell Bull]]
| Pascal, Sue
|-
| 1973
| [[Speakeasy (computational environment)|Speakeasy-3]]
| Stanley Cohen, Steven Pieper at [[Argonne National Laboratory]]
| Speakeasy-2
|-
| 1974
| [[CLU (programming language)|CLU]]
| [[Barbara Liskov]]
| ALGOL 60, Lisp, Simula
|-
| 1974
| [[GRASS (programming language)|GRASS]]
| [[Thomas A. DeFanti]]
| BASIC
|-
| 1974
| [[MAI Basic Four|BASIC FOUR]]
| MAI BASIC Four Inc.
| Business BASIC
|-
| 1974
| [[PROSE modeling language]]
| [[CDC 6600]] Cybernet Services
| SLANG, FORTRAN
|-
| 1974
| [[sed]]
| [[Lee E. McMahon]] of [[Bell Labs]]
| [[ed (text editor)|ed]]
|-
| 1975
| [[ABC (programming language)|ABC]]
| Leo Geurts and [[Lambert Meertens]]
| [[SETL]]
|-
| 1975
| [[PROSE modeling language]] Time-Sharing Version
| [[CDC 6400]] Cybernet KRONOS Services
| SLANG, FORTRAN
|-
| 1975
| [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]]
| [[Gerald Jay Sussman]], [[Guy L. Steele Jr.]]
| LISP
|-
| 1975
| [[Altair BASIC]]
| [[Bill Gates]], [[Paul Allen]]
| BASIC
|-
| 1975
| [[Modula]]
| [[Niklaus Wirth]]
| Pascal
|-
| 1976
| [[Smalltalk]]-76
| [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]]
| Smalltalk-72
|-
| 1976
| [[Mesa (programming language)|Mesa]]
| [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]]
| ALGOL
|-
| 1976
| [[Ratfor]]
| [[Brian Kernighan]]
| C, FORTRAN
|-
| 1976
| [[S (programming language)|S]]
| [[John Chambers (programmer)|John Chambers]] at [[Bell Labs]]
| APL, PPL, Scheme
|-
| 1976
| [[SAS language|SAS]]
| [[SAS Institute]]
| 
|-
| 1976
| [[Integer BASIC]]
| [[Steve Wozniak]]
| BASIC
|-
| 1977
| [[FP (programming language)|FP]]
| [[John Backus]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1977
| [[Bourne shell|Bourne Shell]] (''sh'')
| [[Stephen R. Bourne]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1977
| [[Commodore BASIC]]
| [[Jack Tramiel]]
| BASIC
|-
| 1977
| [[IDL (programming language)|IDL]]
| David Stern of Research Systems Inc
| Fortran
|-
| 1977
| [[MUMPS|Standard MUMPS]]
|
| MUMPS
|-
| 1977
| [[Icon (programming language)|Icon]] (concept)
| [[Ralph Griswold]]
| SNOBOL
|-
| 1977
| [[Euclid (programming language)|Euclid]]
| [[Butler Lampson]] at [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]], [[Ric Holt]] and [[James Cordy]] at [[University of Toronto]]
|
|-
| 1977
| [[Applesoft BASIC]]
| [[Marc McDonald]] and [[Ric Weiland]]
| BASIC
|-
| 1978
| [[Freddy II|RAPT]]
| [[Pat Ambler]] and [[Robin Popplestone]]
| [[APT (programming language)|APT]]
|-
| 1978
| [[C shell]]
| [[Bill Joy]]
| [[C (programming language)|C]]
|-
| 1978
| [[RPG III]]
| [[IBM]]
| [[FARGO]], [[IBM RPG|RPG]], [[RPG II]]
|-
| 1978
| [[HAL/S]]
| designed by Intermetrics for NASA
| [[XPL]]
|-
| 1978
| [[Applesoft BASIC|Applesoft II BASIC]]
| [[Marc McDonald]] and [[Ric Weiland]]
| Applesoft BASIC
|-
| 1978?
| [[MATLAB]]
| [[Cleve Moler]] at the [[University of New Mexico]]
| [[Fortran]]
|-
| 1978?
| [[SMALL]]
| Nevil Brownlee at the [[University of Auckland]]
| Algol60
|-
| 1978
| [[VisiCalc]]
| [[Dan Bricklin]], [[Bob Frankston]] marketed by [[VisiCorp]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1979
| [[TI BASIC (TI 99/4A)]]
| [[Texas Instruments]]
| [[BASIC]]
|-
| 1979
| [[Modula-2]]
| [[Niklaus Wirth]]
| Modula, Mesa
|-
| 1979
| [[REXX]]
| [[Mike Cowlishaw]] at [[IBM]]
| PL/I, BASIC, EXEC 2
|-
| 1979
| [[AWK]]
| [[Alfred Aho]], [[Peter J. Weinberger]], [[Brian Kernighan]]
| C, SNOBOL
|-
| 1979
| [[Icon (programming language)|Icon]] (implementation)
| [[Ralph Griswold]]
| SNOBOL
|-
| 1979
| [[DBase|Vulcan dBase-II]]
| [[Wayne Ratliff]]
| [[RETRIEVE]]
|- class="sortbottom"
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}

==1980s==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|-
| 1980
| [[Ada (programming language)|Ada 80]] (MIL-STD-1815)
| [[Jean Ichbiah]] at [[Groupe Bull|CII Honeywell Bull]]
| ALGOL 68, Green
|-
| 1980
| [[C++|C with classes]]
| [[Bjarne Stroustrup]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://isocpp.org/tour|title=Tour : Standard C++|website=isocpp.org}}</ref>
| C, Simula 67
|-
| 1980
| [[Applesoft BASIC|Applesoft III]]
| [[Apple Computer]]
| Applesoft II BASIC
|-
| 1980
| [[Applesoft BASIC|Apple III Microsoft BASIC]]
| Microsoft
| Microsoft BASIC
|-
| 1980–81
| [[CBASIC]]
| [[Gordon Eubanks]]
| BASIC, Compiler Systems, Digital Research
|-
| 1980
| [[Smalltalk]]-80
| [[Adele Goldberg (computer scientist)|Adele Goldberg]] at [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]]
| Smalltalk-76
|-
| 1981
| [[TI Extended BASIC]]
| [[Texas Instruments]]
| [[TI BASIC (TI 99/4A)]]
|-
| 1981
| [[BBC BASIC]]
| [[Acorn Computers]], [[Sophie Wilson]]
| BASIC
|-
| 1981
| [[IBM BASICA]]
| [[Microsoft]]
| BASIC
|-
| 1982?
| [[Speakeasy (computational environment)|Speakeasy-IV]]
| Stanley Cohen, ''et al.'' at Speakeasy Computing Corporation
| Speakeasy-3
|-
| 1982?
| [[Draco (programming language)|Draco]]
| Chris Gray
| [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[ALGOL 68]]
|-
| 1982
| [[PostScript]]
| [[John Warnock|Warnock]]
| [[InterPress]]
|-
|1982
|[[Turing (programming language)|Turing]]
|[[Ric Holt]] and [[James Cordy]], at [[University of Toronto]]
|[[Euclid (programming language)|Euclid]]
|-
| 1983
| [[GW-BASIC]]
| [[Microsoft]]
| [[IBM BASICA]]
|-
| 1983
| [[Turbo Pascal]]
| [[Anders Hejlsberg|Hejlsberg]] at [[Borland]]
| [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]]
|-
| 1983
| [[Ada (programming language)|Ada 83]] (ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A)
| [[Jean Ichbiah]] at [[Alsys]]
| Ada 80, Green
|-
| 1983
| [[Objective-C]]
| [[Brad Cox]]
| Smalltalk, C
|-
| 1983
| [[C++]]<ref name="invention3">{{cite web|url = http://www.stroustrup.com/bs_faq.html#invention|title = Bjarne Stroustrup's FAQ: When was C++ invented?|first = Bjarne|last = Stroustrup|website = stroustrup.com|date = 7 March 2010|access-date = 15 February 2023|archive-date = 6 February 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160206214150/http://www.stroustrup.com/bs_faq.html#invention|url-status = live}}</ref> 
| [[Bjarne Stroustrup]]
| C with Classes
|-
| 1983
| [[True BASIC]]
| [[John George Kemeny]], [[Thomas Eugene Kurtz]] at [[Dartmouth College]]
| BASIC
|-
| 1983
| [[Occam (programming language)|occam]]
| [[David May (computer scientist)|David May]]
| EPL
|-
| 1983?
| [[ABAP]]
| [[SAP AG]]
| [[COBOL]]
|-
| 1983
| [[KornShell]] (''ksh'')
| [[David Korn (computer scientist)|David Korn]]
| sh
|-
|1983
|[[Clascal]]
| [[Apple Computer]]
| [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]]
|-
|| 1984
| [[Clipper (programming language)|CLIPPER]]
| [[Nantucket, Massachusetts|Nantucket]]
| [[dBase]]
|-
| 1984
| [[Common Lisp]]
| [[Guy L. Steele, Jr.]] and many others
| LISP
|-
| 1984
| [[Coq (software)|Coq]]
| [[INRIA]]
|
|-
| 1984
| [[RPL (programming language)|RPL]]
| [[Hewlett-Packard]]
| [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]]
|-
| 1984
| [[Standard ML]]
|
| ML
|-
| 1984
| [[Core War|Redcode]]
| [[Alexander Dewdney]] and [[D. G. Jones|D.G. Jones]]
|
|-
| 1984
| [[Open Programming Language|OPL]]
| [[Psion (company)|Psion]]
| [[BASIC]]
|-
| 1985
| [[Paradox (database)|PARADOX]]
| [[Borland]]
| [[dBase]]
|-
| 1985
| [[QuickBASIC]]
| [[Microsoft]]
| [[BASIC]]
|-
|1986
| [[Clarion (programming language)|Clarion]]
| Bruce Barrington
|
|-
| 1986
| [[CorVision]]
| Cortex
| INFORM
|-
| 1986
| [[Eiffel (programming language)|Eiffel]]
| [[Bertrand Meyer]]
| Simula 67, Ada
|-
| 1986
| [[GFA BASIC]]
| [[Frank Ostrowski]]
| [[BASIC]]
|-
| 1986
| [[IBM Informix-4GL|Informix-4GL]]
| [[IBM Informix|Informix]]
|
|-
| 1986
| [[LabVIEW]]
| [[National Instruments]]
|
|-
| 1986
| [[Miranda (programming language)|Miranda]]
| [[David Turner (computer scientist)|David Turner]] at [[University of Kent]]
| [[SASL (programming language)|SASL]]
|-
| 1986
| [[Object Pascal]]
| [[Apple Computer]]
| Pascal
|-
| 1986
| [[PROMAL]]
|
| C
|-
| 1986
| [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]]
| [[Joe Armstrong (programmer)|Joe Armstrong]] and others in [[Ericsson]]
| [[PLEX (programming language)|PLEX]], Prolog
|-
| 1987
| [[Ada (programming language)|Ada ISO 8652:1987]]
| ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A unchanged
| Ada 83
|-
| 1987
| [[Self (programming language)|Self]] (concept)
| [[Sun Microsystems]] Inc.
| Smalltalk
|-
| 1987
| [[Occam (programming language)|occam 2]]
| [[David May (computer scientist)|David May]] and [[INMOS]]
| [[Occam (programming language)|occam]]
|-
| 1987
| [[HyperTalk]]
| [[Apple Computer]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1987
| [[Clean (programming language)|Clean]]
| Software Technology Research Group of [[Radboud University Nijmegen]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1987
| [[Perl]]
| [[Larry Wall]]
| C, sed, awk, sh
|-
| 1987
| [[Oberon (programming language)|Oberon]]
| [[Niklaus Wirth]]
| Modula-2
|-
| 1987
| [[Turbo Basic]]
| Robert 'Bob' Zale
| BASIC/Z
|-
| 1988
| [[Mathematica]] ([[Wolfram Language]]<!-- was named that years later, is the language of the larger system Mathematica-->)
| [[Wolfram Research]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1988
| [[GNU Octave|Octave]]
|
| [[MATLAB]]
|-
| 1988
| [[Tcl]]
| [[John Ousterhout]]
| Awk, Lisp
|-
| 1988
| [[STOS BASIC]]
| [[François Lionet]] and [[Constantin Sotiropoulos]]
| [[BASIC]]
|-
| 1988
| [[Actor (programming language)|Actor]]
| Charles Duff, the Whitewater Group
| Forth, Smalltalk
|-
| 1988
| [[Object REXX]]
| Simon C. Nash
| REXX, Smalltalk
|-
| 1988
| [[SPARK (programming language)|SPARK]]
| Bernard A. Carré
| Ada
|-
| 1988
| [[A+ (programming language)|A+]]
| [[Arthur Whitney (computer scientist)|Arthur Whitney]]
| APL, A
|-
| 1988
| [[Hamilton C shell]]
| Nicole Hamilton
| [[C shell]]
|-
| 1988–1989
|[[ANSI C|C90]]
|C90 ISO/IEC 9899:1990
|[[C_(programming_language)|C]]
|-
| 1989
| [[Turbo Pascal#Object-oriented programming|Turbo Pascal OOP]]
| [[Anders Hejlsberg]] at [[Borland]]
| Turbo Pascal, Object Pascal
|-
| 1989
| [[Modula-3]]
| Cardeli, et al. [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] and [[Olivetti]]
| Modula-2
|-
| 1989
| [[PowerBASIC]]
| Robert 'Bob' Zale
| Turbo Basic
|-
| 1989
| [[VisSim]]
| Peter Darnell, Visual Solutions
|
|-
| 1989
| [[LPC (programming language)|LPC]]
| [[Lars Pensjö]]
|
|-
| 1989
| [[Bash (Unix shell)|Bash]]
| [[Brian Fox (computer programmer)|Brian Fox]]
| [[Bourne shell]], [[C shell]], [[KornShell]]
|-
| 1989
| [[Magik (programming language)|Magik]]
| Arthur Chance, of [[Smallworld]] Systems Ltd
| [[Smalltalk]]
|- class="sortbottom"
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}

==1990s==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)

|-
| 1990
| [[Sather]]
| [[Steve Omohundro]]
| [[Eiffel (programming language)|Eiffel]]
|-
| 1990
| [[AMOS (programming language)|AMOS BASIC]]
| [[François Lionet]] and [[Constantin Sotiropoulos]]
| [[STOS BASIC]]
|-
| 1990
| [[AMPL]]
| [[Robert Fourer]], David Gay and [[Brian Kernighan]] at [[Bell Laboratories]]
| 
|-
| 1990
| [[Object Oberon]]
| H Mössenböck, J Templ, R Griesemer
| [[Oberon (programming language)|Oberon]]
|-
| 1990
| [[J (programming language)|J]]
| [[Kenneth E. Iverson]], [[Roger Hui]] at Iverson Software
| [[APL (programming language)|APL]], [[FP (programming language)|FP]]
|-
| 1990
| [[Haskell]]
|
| [[Miranda (programming language)|Miranda]], [[Clean (programming language)|Clean]]
|-
| 1990
| [[EuLisp]]
|
| [[Common Lisp]], [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]]
|-
| 1990
| [[Z shell]] (''zsh'')
| Paul Falstad at [[Princeton University]]
| ksh
|-
| 1990
| [[SKILL]]
| T. J. Barnes at [[Cadence Design Systems]]
| [[Franz Lisp]]
|-
| 1991
| [[GNU E]]
| David J. DeWitt, Michael J. Carey
| [[C++]]
|-
| 1991
| [[Oberon-2]]
| Hanspeter Mössenböck, [[Niklaus Wirth]]
| Object Oberon
|-
| 1991
| [[Oz (programming language)|Oz]]
| Gert Smolka and his students
| Prolog
|-
| 1991
| [[Pure (programming language)|Q]]
| Albert Gräf
|
|-
| 1991
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]]
| [[Guido van Rossum]]
| Perl, [[ABC (programming language)|ABC]], [[C (programming language)|C]]
|-
| 1991
| [[Visual Basic (classic)|Visual Basic]]
| [[Alan Cooper (software designer)|Alan Cooper]], sold to [[Microsoft]]
| QuickBASIC
|-
| 1992
| [[Turbo Pascal|Borland Pascal]]
|
| Turbo Pascal OOP
|-
| 1992
| [[Dylan (programming language)|Dylan]]
| Many people at [[Apple Computer]]
| [[Common Lisp]], Scheme
|-
| 1992
| [[S-Lang]]
| John E. Davis
| [[PostScript]]
|-
| 1993?
| [[Self (programming language)|Self]] (implementation)
| [[Sun Microsystems]]
| Smalltalk
|-
| 1993
| [[Amiga E]]
| Wouter van Oortmerssen
| DEX, [[C (programming language)|C]], Modula-2
|-
| 1993
| [[Brainfuck]]
| Urban Müller
| P'′
|-
| 1993
| [[Transcript (programming language)|LiveCode Transcript]]
|
| HyperTalk
|-
| 1993
| [[AppleScript]]
| [[Apple Computer]]
| HyperTalk
|-
| 1993
| [[K (programming language)|K]]
| [[Arthur Whitney (computer scientist)|Arthur Whitney]]
| APL, Lisp
|-
| 1993
| [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]]
| [[Roberto Ierusalimschy]] ''et al.'' at Tecgraf, PUC-Rio
| Scheme, SNOBOL, Modula, CLU, [[C++]]
|-
| 1993
| [[R (programming language)|R]]
| [[Robert Gentleman (statistician)|Robert Gentleman]] and [[Ross Ihaka]]
| S
|-
| 1993
| [[ZPL (programming language)|ZPL]]
| Chamberlain ''et al.'' at [[University of Washington]]
| C
|-
| 1993
| [[NewtonScript]]
| Walter Smith
| Self, Dylan
|-
| 1993
| [[Euphoria (programming language)|Euphoria]]
| Robert Craig
| SNOBOL, AWK, ABC, Icon, Python
|-
| 1994
| [[Claire (programming language)|Claire]]
| Yves Caseau
| Smalltalk, SETL, OPS5, Lisp, ML, [[C (programming language)|C]], LORE, LAURE
|-
| 1994
| [[American National Standards Institute|ANSI]] [[Common Lisp]]
|
| [[Common Lisp]]
|-
| 1994
| [[RAPID]]
| [[ABB]]
| ARLA
|-
| 1994
| [[Pike (programming language)|Pike]]
| Fredrik Hübinette et al. at [[Linköping University]]
| [[LPC (programming language)|LPC]], [[C (programming language)|C]], μLPC
|-
| 1994
| [[Forth (programming language)|ANS Forth]]
| [[Elizabeth Rather]], et al.
| Forth
|-
| 1995
| [[Ada (programming language)|Ada 95]]
| S. Tucker Taft, et al. at Intermetrics
| Ada 83
|-
| 1995
| [[Borland]] [[Delphi (software)|Delphi]]
| [[Anders Hejlsberg]] at [[Borland]]
| Borland Pascal
|-
| 1995
| [[Adobe ColdFusion|ColdFusion (CFML)]]
| [[Allaire Corporation|Allaire]]
|
|-
| 1995
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
| [[James Gosling]] at [[Sun Microsystems]]
| [[C (programming language)|C]], Simula 67, C++, Smalltalk, Ada 83, Objective-C, Mesa
|-
| 1995
| [[JavaScript|LiveScript]]
| [[Brendan Eich]] at [[Netscape]]
| Self, [[C (programming language)|C]], Scheme
|-
| 1995
| [[Mercury (programming language)|Mercury]]
| [[Zoltan Somogyi]] at [[University of Melbourne]]
| Prolog, Hope, Haskell
|-
| 1995
| [[PHP]]
| [[Rasmus Lerdorf]]
| Perl
|-
| 1995
| [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]]
| [[Yukihiro Matsumoto]]
| Smalltalk, Perl
|-
| 1995
| [[JavaScript]]
| [[Brendan Eich]] at [[Netscape]]
| LiveScript
|-
|1995
| [[Racket (programming language)|Racket]]
| [[Matthew Flatt]] at [[Rice University]]
| [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]]
|-
| 1996
| [[CSS]]
| [[Håkon Wium Lie]] and [[Bert Bos]]
| [[Standard Generalized Markup Language|SGML]]
|-
| 1996
| [[Curl (programming language)|Curl]]
| David Kranz, Steve Ward, Chris Terman at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]]
| Lisp, [[C++]], Tcl/Tk, TeX, HTML
|-
| 1996
| [[Lasso (programming language)|Lasso]]
| Blue World Communications
|
|-
| 1996
| [[NetRexx]]
| [[Mike Cowlishaw]]
| REXX
|-
| 1996
| [[OCaml]]
| [[INRIA]]
| Caml Light, Standard ML
|-
| 1996
| [[Perl Data Language]] (PDL)
| [[Karl Glazebrook]], Jarle Brinchmann, Tuomas Lukka, and Christian Soeller
| APL, Perl
|-
| 1996
| [[Pure Data]]
| [[Miller Puckette]]
| [[Max (software)|Max]]
|-
| 1996
| [[VBScript]]
| Microsoft
| Visual Basic
|-
| 1997
| [[Component Pascal]]
| Oberon Microsystems
| Oberon-2
|-
| 1997
| [[E (programming language)|E]]
| [[Mark S. Miller]]
| Joule, Original-E
|-
| 1997
| [[Pico (programming language)|Pico]]
| [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel|Free University of Brussels]]
| Scheme
|-
| 1997
| [[Squeak]]
| [[Alan Kay]], ''et al.'' at [[Apple Computer]]
| Smalltalk-80, Self
|-
| 1997
| [[ECMAScript]]
| [[Ecma International|ECMA]] TC39-TG1
| [[JavaScript]]
|-
| 1997
| F-Script
| Philippe Mougin
| Smalltalk, APL, Objective-C
|-
| 1997
| [[ISLISP]]
| ISO Standard ISLISP
| [[Common Lisp]]
|-
| 1997
| [[Tea (programming language)|Tea]]
| Jorge Nunes
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]], [[Tcl]]
|-
| 1997
| [[REBOL]]
| [[Carl Sassenrath]], Rebol Technologies
| [[Self (programming language)|Self]], [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], [[Logo (programming language)|Logo]]
|-
| 1998
| [[Logtalk]]
| Paulo Moura (then at [[University of Coimbra]])
| Prolog
|-
| 1998
| [[ActionScript]]
| [[Gary Grossman]]
| ECMAScript
|-
| 1998
| [[C++|Standard C++]]
| ANSI/ISO Standard C++
| [[C++]], Standard C, C
|-
| 1998
| [[PureBasic]]
| Frederic Laboureur, Fantaisie Software
|
|-
| 1998
| [[UnrealScript]]
| [[Tim Sweeney (game developer)|Tim Sweeney]] at [[Epic Games]]
| [[C++]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
|-
| 1998
| [[XSL Transformations|XSLT]] (+ [[XPath]])
| [[World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]], [[James Clark (XML expert)|James Clark]]
| [[Document Style Semantics and Specification Language|DSSSL]]
|-
| 1998
| [[Xojo]] (REALbasic at the time)
| Xojo, Andrew Barry
| [[Visual Basic (classic)|Visual Basic]]
|-
| 1999
| [[C99]]
| C99 ISO/IEC 9899:1999
| [[ANSI_C#C90|C90]]
|-
| 1999
| [[Gambas]]
| [[Benoît Minisini]]
| [[Visual Basic (classic)|Visual Basic]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
|-
| 1999
| [[Game Maker Language]] (GML)
| [[Mark Overmars]]
| [[GameMaker: Studio|Game Maker]]
|-
| 1999
| [[Harbour (software)|Harbour]]
| Antonio Linares
| [[dBase]], [[Clipper (programming language)|Clipper]]
|- class="sortbottom"
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}

==2000s==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|-
| 2000
| [[Join Java]]
| G Stewart von Itzstein
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
|-
| 2000
| [[DarkBASIC]]
| [[The Game Creators]]
| 
|-
| 2000
| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]
| [[Anders Hejlsberg]], [[Microsoft]] ([[Ecma International|ECMA]])
| [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Delphi (programming language)|Delphi]], [[Modula-2]]
|-
| 2001
| [[Joy (programming language)|Joy]]
| Manfred von Thun
| [[FP (programming language)|FP]], [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]]
|-
| 2001
| [[AspectJ]]
| [[Gregor Kiczales]], [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]]
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Common Lisp]]
|-
| 2001
| [[D (programming language)|D]]
| [[Walter Bright]], Digital Mars
| [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
|-
| 2001
| [[Processing (programming language)|Processing]]
| [[Casey Reas]] and [[Benjamin Fry]]
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/|title=Arduino Reference|website=www.arduino.cc}}</ref>
|-
| 2001
| [[Visual Basic .NET]]
| [[Microsoft]]
| [[Visual Basic (classic)|Visual Basic]]
|-
| 2001
| [[GDScript]] (GDS)
| Juan Linietsky, Ariel Manzur (OKAM Studio)
| [[Godot (game engine)|Godot]]
|-
| 2001
| [[Shakespeare Programming Language]]
| Jon Åslund, Karl Hasselström
|
|-
| 2002
| [[Io (programming language)|Io]]
| Steve Dekorte
| [[Self (programming language)|Self]], [[NewtonScript]], [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]]
|-
| 2002
| [[Gosu (programming language)|Gosu]]
| Guidewire Software
| [[GScript]]
|-
| 2002
| [[Scratch (programming language)|Scratch]]
| [[Mitchel Resnick]], John Maloney, Natalie Rusk, Evelyn Eastmond, Tammy Stern, Amon Millner, Jay Silver, and Brian Silverman
| [[Logo (programming language)|Logo]], [[Smalltalk]], [[Squeak]], [[Squeak#E-Toys|E-Toys]], [[HyperCard]], [[AgentSheets]], [[StarLogo]], Tweak
|-
| 2003
| [[Nix (package manager)|Nix]]
| Eelco Dolstra
| Miranda/SASL, Haskell
|-
| 2003
| [[Nemerle]]
| University of [[Wrocław]]
| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[Standard ML|ML]], MetaHaskell
|-
| 2003
| [[Factor (programming language)|Factor]]
| [[Slava Pestov]]
| Joy, Forth, Lisp
|-
| 2003
| [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]]
| [[Martin Odersky]]
| Smalltalk, Java, Haskell, Standard ML, OCaml
|-
| 2003
| [[C++03]]
| C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2003
| [[C++]], Standard C, [[C (programming language)|C]]
|-
| 2003
| [[Squirrel (programming language)|Squirrel]]
| Alberto Demichelis
| [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]]
|-
| 2003
| [[Boo (programming language)|Boo]]
| Rodrigo B. de Oliveira
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]
|-
| 2004
| [[Subtext (programming language)|Subtext]]
| Jonathan Edwards
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 2004
| [[Alma-0]]
| [[Krzysztof R. Apt|Krzysztof Apt]], [[Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 2004
| [[FreeBASIC]]
| Andre Victor
| QBasic
|-
| 2004
| [[Groovy (programming language)|Groovy]]
| [[James Strachan (programmer)|James Strachan]]
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
|-
| 2004
| [[Little b (programming language)|Little b]]
| Aneil Mallavarapu, [[Harvard Medical School]], Department of Systems Biology
| Lisp
|-
| 2005
| [[Fantom (programming language)|Fantom]]
| Brian Frank, Andy Frank
| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], Scala, Ruby, Erlang
|-
| 2005
| [[F Sharp (programming language)|F#]]
| [[Don Syme]], [[Microsoft Research]]
| [[OCaml]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[Haskell]]
|-
| 2005
| [[Haxe]]
| Nicolas Cannasse
| [[ActionScript]], [[OCaml]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
|-
| 2005
| [[Oxygene (programming language)|Oxygene]]
| [[RemObjects Software]]
| [[Object Pascal]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]
|-
| 2005
| [[PWCT]]
| [[Mahmoud Samir Fayed]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 2005
| [[Seed7]]
| Thomas Mertes
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 2005
| [[fish (Unix shell)|fish]]
| Thomas Mertes
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
|2005
|[[HolyC]]
|[[Terry A. Davis]]
|[[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]]
|-
| 2006
| [[Cobra (programming language)|Cobra]]
| Chuck Esterbrook
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], Eiffel, Objective-C
|-
| 2006
| [[Windows PowerShell]]
| [[Microsoft]]
| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], ksh, Perl, [[Control Language|CL]], [[DIGITAL Command Language|DCL]], SQL
|-
| 2006
| [[OptimJ]]
| [[Ateji]]
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
|-
| 2006
| [[Fortress (programming language)|Fortress]]
| [[Guy L. Steele Jr.]]
| [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]], [[Standard ML|ML]], [[Haskell]]
|-
| 2006
| [[Vala (programming language)|Vala]]
| [[GNOME]]
| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]
|-
| 2007
| [[Ada (programming language)|Ada 2005]]
| Ada Rapporteur Group
| Ada 95
|-
| 2007
| [[Agda (programming language)|Agda]]
| Ulf Norell
| [[Coq (software)|Coq]], [[Epigram (programming language)|Epigram]], [[Haskell]]
|-
| 2007
| [[QB64]]
| Galleon, QB64Team
| QBasic
|-
| 2007
| [[Clojure]]
| [[Rich Hickey]]
| [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], [[ML (programming language)|ML]], [[Haskell]], [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]]
|-
| 2007
| [[LOLCODE]]
| Adam Lindsay
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 2007
| [[Oberon (programming language)#Oberon-07|Oberon-07]]
| [[Niklaus Wirth|Wirth]]
| Oberon
|-
| 2007
| [[Swift (parallel scripting language)]]
| [[University of Chicago]], [[Argonne National Laboratory]]
|
|-
| 2008
| [[Nim (programming language)|Nim]]
| Andreas Rumpf
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], [[Object Pascal]]
|-
| 2008
| Genie
| Jamie McCracken
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Boo (programming language)|Boo]], [[D (programming language)|D]], [[Object Pascal]]
|-
| 2008
| [[Pure (programming language)|Pure]]
| Albert Gräf
| Q
|-
| 2009
| [[Chapel (programming language)|Chapel]]
| Brad Chamberlain, [[Cray]] Inc.
| [[High Performance Fortran|HPF]], [[ZPL (programming language)|ZPL]]
|-
| 2009
| [[Go (programming language)|Go]]
| [[Google]]
| [[C (programming language)|C]], [[Oberon (programming language)|Oberon]], [[Limbo (programming language)|Limbo]], [[Smalltalk]]
|-
| 2009
| [[CoffeeScript]]
| [[Jeremy Ashkenas]]
| [[JavaScript]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Haskell]]
|-
| 2009
| [[Idris (programming language)|Idris]]
| Edwin Brady
| [[Haskell]], [[Agda (programming language)|Agda]], [[Coq (software)|Coq]]
|-
| 2009
| [[ParaSail (programming language)|Parasail]]
| S. Tucker Taft, [[AdaCore]]
| [[Modula]], [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]], [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]], [[ML (programming language)|ML]]
|-
| 2009
| [[Whiley (programming language)|Whiley]]
| David J. Pearce
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]]
|-
| 2009
| [[Dafny]]
| K. Rustan M. Leino
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Spec Sharp|Spec#]]
|- class="sortbottom"
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}

==2010s==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|-
| 2010
| [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]]
| Graydon Hoare, [[Mozilla]]
| [[Alef (programming language)|Alef]], [[C++]], [[Camlp4]], [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]], [[Hermes (programming language)|Hermes]], [[Limbo (programming language)|Limbo]], Napier, [[Napier88]], [[Newsqueak]], NIL, [[Sather]], [[Standard ML]]
|-
| 2011
| [[C11 (C standard revision)|C11]]
| C11 ISO/IEC 9899:2011
| [[C99]]
|-
| 2011
| [[Ceylon Project|Ceylon]]
| Gavin King, [[Red Hat]]
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
|-
| 2011
| [[Dart (programming language)|Dart]]
| [[Google]]
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[JavaScript]], [[CoffeeScript]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]]
|-
| 2011
| [[C++11]]
| C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2011
| [[C++]], Standard C, [[C (programming language)|C]]
|-
| 2011
| [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]]
| [[JetBrains]]
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]], [[Groovy (programming language)|Groovy]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[Gosu (programming language)|Gosu]]
|-
| 2011
| [[Red (programming language)|Red]]
| Nenad Rakočević
| [[Rebol]], [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]], [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]]
|-
| 2011
| [[Opa (programming language)|Opa]]
| MLstate
| [[OCaml]], [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]], [[JavaScript]]
|-
| 2012
| [[Elixir (programming language)|Elixir]]
| José Valim
| [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[Clojure]]
|-
| 2012
| [[Elm (programming language)|Elm]]
| Evan Czaplicki
| [[Haskell]], [[Standard ML]], [[OCaml]], [[F Sharp (programming language)|F#]]
|-
| 2012
| [[TypeScript]]
| [[Anders Hejlsberg]], [[Microsoft]]
| [[JavaScript]], [[CoffeeScript]]
|-
| 2012
| [[Julia (programming language)|Julia]]
| [[Jeff Bezanson]], [[Stefan Karpinski]], [[Viral Shah]], [[Alan Edelman]],<!-- Leave out Alan? He is left out as "developer", but included as "designer" in Julia's infobox as Jeff's PhD advisor(?):--> [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]]
| [[MATLAB]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]],<!--only the parser is implemented by Femtolisp, a [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]] implementation (see: "unsupported" "julia --lisp" that invokes it) the only influence from Lisp/Scheme are Lisp-like macros, redundant to list Scheme. Also Dylan was cut from the list despite its "multiple dispatch"--> [[C (programming language)|C]], [[Fortran]], [[Mathematica]]<ref>{{cite web
  | title      = Why We Created Julia
  | date       = February 2012
  | website    = Julia website
  | url        = http://julialang.org/blog/2012/02/why-we-created-julia
  | access-date = 7 February 2013
  }}</ref> (strictly its [[Wolfram Language]]), [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Perl]], [[R (programming language)|R]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Introduction|url=http://julia.readthedocs.org/en/latest/manual/introduction/|website=The Julia Manual|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408134008/http://julia.readthedocs.org/en/latest/manual/introduction/|archive-date=8 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2012
| [[P (programming language)|P]]
| Vivek Gupta, Ethan Jackson, Shaz Qadeer, Sriram Rajamani, [[Microsoft]]
| 
|-
| 2012
| [[Ada (programming language)|Ada 2012]]
| ARA and Ada Europe (ISO/IEC 8652:2012)
| Ada 2005, ISO/IEC 8652:1995/Amd 1:2007
|-
| 2013
| [[P4 (programming language)|P4]]
| P4 Language Consortium ([https://P4.org P4.org])
|-
| 2013
| [[PureScript]]
| Phil Freeman
| [[Haskell]]
|-
| 2013
| [[Hopscotch (programming language)|Hopscotch]]
| Hopscotch Technologies
| [[Scratch (programming language)|Scratch]]
|-
| 2013
| [[Cuneiform (programming language)|Cuneiform]]
| Jörgen Brandt
| [[Swift (parallel scripting language)|Swift]] (the parallel scripting language)
|-
| 2013
| [[Lean (programming language)|Lean]]
| [[Microsoft Research]]
| [[ML (programming language)|ML]], [[Coq (software)|Coq]], [[Haskell]], [[Agda (programming language)|Agda]]
|-
| 2013
| [[Hy (programming language)|Hy]]
| Paul Tagliamonte
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], [[Clojure]]
|-
| 2014
| [[Crystal (programming language)|Crystal]]
| Ary Borenszweig, Manas Technology Solutions
| [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]]
|-
| 2014
| [[Hack (programming language)|Hack]]
| [[Facebook]]
| [[PHP]]
|-
| 2014
| [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]]
| [[Apple Inc.]]
| [[Objective-C]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[Haskell]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[CLU (programming language)|CLU]]
|-
| 2014
| [[C++14]]
| C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2014
| [[C++11]], Standard C, [[C (programming language)|C]]
|-
| 2014
| [[Solidity]]
| [[Gavin Wood]], [[Ethereum]]
| [[JavaScript]], [[C++]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]]
|-
| 2015
| [[Raku (programming language)|Raku]]
| [[Larry Wall]], [https://github.com/rakudo/rakudo/blob/master/CREDITS The Rakudo Team]
| [[Perl]], [[Haskell]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]]
|-
| 2015
| [[Zig (programming language)|Zig]]
| Andrew Kelley
| [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[LLVM IR]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]]
|-
| 2016
| [[Reason (programming language)|Reason]]
| Jordan Walke
| [[JavaScript]], [[OCaml]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Simple, fast & type safe code that leverages the JavaScript & OCaml ecosystems: facebook/reason|date=2019-03-24|url=https://github.com/facebook/reason|publisher=Facebook|access-date=2019-03-24}}</ref>
|-
| 2016
| [[Ring (programming language)|Ring]]
| [[Mahmoud Samir Fayed]]
| [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[BASIC]], [[QML]], [[xBase]], Supernova<ref name="The Ring programming language and other languages">{{cite web |url=http://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.16/introduction.html#ring-and-other-languages |title=The Ring programming language and other languages |author=Ring Team |date=23 October 2021 |work=ring-lang.net }}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| [[C++17]]
| C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2017
| [[C++14]], Standard C, [[C (programming language)|C]]
|-
| 2017
| [[AssemblyScript]]
| The AssemblyScript Project<ref name="as-wg">{{cite web|url=https://github.com/AssemblyScript/working-group|title=AssemblyScript Working Group|author=The AssemblyScript Project|date=2020-04-24|website=GitHub.com|publisher=AssemblyScript Project|access-date=2021-02-10|quote=Daniel Wirtz (@dcodeIO) - Author of AssemblyScript}}</ref>
| [[JavaScript]], [[TypeScript]], [[WebAssembly]]
|-
| 2017
| [[Ballerina (programming language)|Ballerina]]
| [[WSO2]], open source<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/ballerina-platform/ballerina-lang|title=The Ballerina Programming Language|date=25 November 2019|website=GitHub}}</ref>
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[JavaScript]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]
|-
| 2017
| [[Q Sharp|Q#]]
| [[Microsoft]]
| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[F Sharp (programming language)|F#]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]]
|-
| 2018
| [[C17 (C standard revision)|C17]]
| ISO/IEC 9899:2018
| [[C11 (C standard revision)|C11]]
|-
| 2018
| [[Fortran#Fortran 2018|Fortran 2018]]
| ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG5 N2150:2018
| [[Fortran#Fortran 2008|Fortran 2008]]
|-
| 2019
| [[Bosque (programming language)|Bosque]]
| Mark Marron, [[Microsoft]]
| [[JavaScript]], [[TypeScript]], [[ML (programming language)|ML]]
|-
| 2019
| [[V (programming language)|V (Vlang)]]
| Alexander Medvednikov
| [[C (programming language)|C]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]], [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]], [[Oberon (programming language)|Oberon]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]]
|- class="sortbottom"
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}

==2020s==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|-
| 2020
| [[C++20]]
| C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2020
| [[C++17]], Standard C, [[C (programming language)|C]]
|-
| 2021
| [[Microsoft Power Fx]]
| Vijay Mital, Robin Abraham, Shon Katzenberger, Darryl Rubin, [[Microsoft]]
| [[Microsoft Excel|Excel formulas]]
|-
| 2022
| [[Carbon (programming language)|Carbon]]
| Google
| C++, [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]]
|-
| 2023
| [[Mojo (programming language)|Mojo]]
| Modular
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[Cython]], [[C++]], [[CUDA]]
|-
| 2023
| [[Ada (programming language)|Ada 2023]]
| ISO/IEC 8652:2023
| Ada 2012 / ISO/IEC 8652:2012
|-
| 2023
| [[Fortran#Fortran 2023|Fortran 2023]]
| ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22 2023
| [[Fortran#Fortran 2018|Fortran 2018]]
|-
| 2024
| [[Gleam (programming language)|Gleam]]
| Louis Pilfold, Fly.io
| [[Erlang (programming language) |Erlang]], [[Elixir (programming language) |Elixir]], [[Elm (programming language)|Elm]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]], [[OCaml]]
|-
| 2024
| [[C++23]]
| C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2024
| [[C++20]], Standard C, [[C (programming language)|C]]
|-
| 2024
| [[C23 (C standard revision)|C23]]
| ISO/IEC 9899:2024
| [[C17 (C standard revision)|C17]]
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}

==See also==
* [[History of computing hardware]]
* [[History of programming languages]]
* [[Programming language]]
* [[Timeline of computing]]
* [[Programming language theory#Timeline|Timeline of programming language theory]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://hopl.info/ Online Historical Encyclopaedia of Programming Languages]
* [http://merd.sourceforge.net/pixel/language-study/diagram.html Diagram & history of programming languages]
* [http://www.levenez.com/lang/ Eric Levenez's timeline diagram of computer languages history]

{{Programming languages}}
{{Timelines of computing}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline Of Programming Languages}}
[[Category:Computing timelines|Programming]]
[[Category:Lists of programming languages]]
[[Category:History of computer science]]