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Timeline of rocket and missile technology
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{{short description|None}} {{see also|Timeline of the gunpowder age}} {{More citations needed|date=December 2009}} [[File:11th century long serpent fire arrow rocket launcher.jpg|upright|thumb|A depiction of the "long serpent" rocket launcher from the 11th century book ''[[Wujing Zongyao]]''. The holes in the frame are designed to keep the fire arrows separate.]] This article gives a concise [[timeline]] of [[rocket]] and [[missile]] [[technology]]. ==11th century-13th century== [[File:Robert Anderson Rocket Diagram 1696.png|upright|thumb|Robert Anderson suggests using metal for rocket casing]] * 11th century AD - The first documented record of what appears to be [[gunpowder]] and the [[fire arrow]], an early form of rocketry, appears in the Chinese text ''[[Wujing Zongyao]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |author= Tonio Andrade|date=2022-11-26 |title=The Origins of the Gunpowder Age |url=https://www.medievalists.net/2022/11/origins-gunpowder-age/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=Medievalists.net |language=en-US}}</ref> *In Europe, around 1250 both [[Roger Bacon]] and the [[Liber Ignium]] gave instructions for constructing devices that appear to be rockets.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44230626 | jstor=44230626 | title='The Soul of Artillery': Congreve's Rockets and Their Effectiveness in Warfare | last1=McCaig | first1=A. D. | journal=Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research | year=2000 | volume=78 | issue=316 | pages=252–263 }}</ref> ==17th century-19th century== * 1633 - [[Lagâri Hasan Çelebi]] launched a 7-winged rocket using 50 okka (140 lbs) of gunpowder from Sarayburnu, the point below [[Topkapı Palace]] in [[Istanbul]].<ref name="refLAGARI">Winter, Frank H. (1992). "Who First Flew in a Rocket?", Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 45 (July 1992), p. 275-80</ref> * 1650 - ''Artis Magnae Artilleriae pars prima'' ("Great Art of Artillery, the First Part") is printed in Amsterdam, about a year before the death of its author, [[Kazimierz Siemienowicz]]. * 1664 - A "space rocket" is imagined as a future technology to be studied in France and its drawing is ordered by [[France|French]] finance minister [[Jean-Baptiste Colbert|Colbert]]; designed by [[Charles Le Brun|Le Brun]] on a [[Gobelins manufactory|Gobelins]] tapestry<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1972x006x004/HSMx1972x006x004x0250.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426061726/https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1972x006x004/HSMx1972x006x004x0250.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-04-26|title=Astronautique|author=Jean Cheymol|website=Biusante.parisdescartes.fr|access-date=2017-08-11}}</ref> (see: [[French space program]]) * 1696 - [[Robert Anderson (mathematician)|Robert Anderson]] suggests making rockets out of "a piece of a Gun Barrel" whose metal casing is much stronger than pasteboard or wood<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anderson |first=Robert |url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A25366.0001.001 |title=The making of rockets in two parts, the first containing the making of rockets for the meanest capacity, the other to make rockets by a duplicate proposition, to 1000 pound weight or higher / experimentally and mathematically demonstrated, by Robert Anderson. |date=November 2003}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Standingwellback |date=2012-12-28 |title=Rockets - a reassessment, a mystery and a discovery |url=https://www.standingwellback.com/rockets-a-reassessment-a-mystery-and-a-discovery/ |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=Standing Well Back |language=en-GB}}</ref> * 1798 - [[Tipu Sultan]], the King of the state of [[Mysore]] in India, develops and uses iron rockets against the British Army (see [[Mysorean rockets]]). * 1801 - The British Army develops the [[Congreve rocket]] based on weapons used against them by [[Tipu Sultan]]. * 1806 - [[Claude Ruggieri]], an Italian living in France, launched animals on rockets and recovered them using parachutes. He was prevented from launching a child by police.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/rocketry/14.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010215015030/http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/rocketry/14.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 February 2001|title=MSFC History OFFICE: CLAUDE RUGGIERI|publisher=History.msfc.nasa.gov|access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref> * 1813 - "A Treatise on the Motion of Rockets" by [[William Moore (British mathematician)|William Moore]] – first appearance of the [[rocket equation]] * 1818 - [[Henry Trengrouse]] demonstrates his rocket apparatus for projecting a lifeline from a wrecked ship to the shore, later widely adopted * 1844 - [[William Hale (British inventor)|William Hale]] invents the [[Spin-stabilisation|spin-stabilized]] rocket * 1861 - [[William Leitch (scientist)|William Leitch]] publishes an essay "A Journey Through Space" (later published in his book ''God's Glory in the Heavens'' (1862)) in which he postulated the use of rockets for space travel because rockets would work more efficiently in a vacuum. ==20th century== * 1902 - French cinema pioneer [[Georges Méliès]] directs ''[[A Trip to the Moon]]'', the first film about space travel. * 1903 - [[Konstantin Tsiolkovsky]] begins a series of papers discussing the use of [[rocket]]ry to reach outer space, [[space suit]]s, and colonization of the [[Solar System]]. Two key point discussed in his works are [[liquid fuel]]s and [[staging (rocketry)|staging]]. * 1913 - Without knowing the work of Russian mathematician [[Konstantin Tsiolkovsky]], French engineer [[Robert Esnault-Pelterie]] derived the equations for space flight, produced a paper that presented the [[rocket equation]] and calculated the energies required to reach the Moon and nearby planets.<ref>"Considerations sur les resultats d'un allegement indefini des moteurs", ''Journal de physique theorique et appliquee'', Paris, 1913</ref> * 1916 - first use of rockets (with the solid fuel [[Le Prieur rocket]]) for both air-to-air attacks, and air-to-ground.<ref>{{cite book|last=Guttman|first=Jon|title=Balloon-busting aces of World War 1|url=https://archive.org/details/balloonbustingac01gutt|url-access=limited|series=Osprey aircraft of the aces 66|publisher=Osprey|location=Oxford, UK|year=2005|isbn=978-1841768779|page=[https://archive.org/details/balloonbustingac01gutt/page/n13 12]}}</ref> * 1921 - [[Gas Dynamics Laboratory]] the first rocket research and development organization in the [[USSR]] established by [[Nikolai Tikhomirov (chemical engineer)|N. I. Tikhomirov]].<ref name="bse">{{cite book |title=Great Soviet Encyclopedia |date=December 1973 |publisher=Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya |isbn=9780028800004 |edition=1926–1981 (printed version) |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Soviet_Encyclopedia#English}}heading=Gas-Dynamic Laboratory</ref> * 1922 - [[Hermann Oberth]] publishes his scientific work about rocketry and space exploration: ''[[Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen]]'' ("By Rocket into Planetary Space"). * 1924 - [[Society for Studies of Interplanetary Travel]] founded in [[Moscow]] by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, [[Friedrich Zander]] and 200 other space and rocket experts * 1926 - [[Robert Goddard (scientist)|Robert Goddard]] launches the first liquid fuel rocket. This is considered by some to be the start of the [[Space Age]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Goddard launches space age with historic first 85 years ago today|date = 16 March 2011|url = http://www.clarku.edu/article/goddard-launches-space-age-historic-first-85-years-ago-today|access-date = 2019-07-28}}</ref> * 1927 - [[Verein für Raumschiffahrt]] (VfR - "Spaceflight Society") founded in Germany. * 1928 - In Germany public displays of rocket experiments, initiated by [[Max Valier]] and [[Fritz von Opel]], via [[Opel RAK]] which achieved speed records for ground and rail vehicles in 1928<ref name="airforcemag.com">https://www.airforcemag.com/article/0904rocket/ article by Walter J. Boyne in Air Force Magazine, September 1, 2004</ref> * 1928 - first [[Soviet]] test-firing of a [[Solid-fuel rocket|solid fuel rocket]] carried out by the [[Gas Dynamics Laboratory]], which flew for about 1,300 meters<ref name="RSB_GDL">{{cite web |last1=Zak |first1=Anatoly |title=Gas Dynamics Laboratory |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/gdl.html |website=Russian Space Web |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref> * 1929 - ''[[Woman in the Moon]]'', considered to be one of the first "serious" science fiction films. * 1931 - [[Friedrich Schmiedl]] attempts the first [[rocket mail]] service in [[Austria]] *1933 - [[Sergei Korolev]] and [[Mikhail Tikhonravov]] launch the first liquid-fueled rocket in the [[Soviet Union]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/space-exploration|title=space exploration {{!}} History, Definition, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-07-06}}</ref> * 1935 - [[Emilio Herrera Linares]] from [[Spain]] designed and made the first full-pressured astronaut suit, called the escafandra estratonáutica. The Russians then used a model of Herrera's suit when first flying into space which the Americans would then later adopt when creating their own space program *1936 - Research on rockets begins at the [[Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory]] at the [[California Institute of Technology]] (GALCIT), the predecessor to the [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]], under the direction of [[Frank Malina]] and [[Theodore von Kármán]]<ref name=":0" /> * 1937 - [[Peenemünde Army Research Center]] founded in Germany * 1938 - The Projectile Development Establishment founded at [[Fort Halstead]] for the [[United Kingdom]]'s research into military [[Solid-propellant rocket|solid-fuel rockets]]. * 1939 - [[Katyusha rocket launcher|Katyusha]] multiple rocket launchers ({{Langx|ru|Катюша}}) are a type of [[rocket artillery]] first built and fielded by the [[Soviet Union]]. * 1941 - French rocket [[EA-41 (rocket)|EA-41]] is launched, being the first European [[Rocket propellant|liquid propellant]] working rocket<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capcomespace.net/dossiers/espace_europeen/ariane/index.htm|title=Sommaire chronologie Ariane|website=Capcomespace.net|access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref> (It was, however, preceded by the Peenemunde A5 and Soviet experiments.) * 1941 - Jet Assisted Take Off [[JATO]] installed on US Army Air Corp [[ERCO Ercoupe|Ercoupe]] aircraft occurred on 12 August in March Field, California. * 1942 - [[Wernher von Braun]] and [[Walter Dornberger]] launch the first [[V-2 rocket]] at [[Peenemünde]] in northern Germany. * 1942 - A V-2 rocket reaches an altitude of 85 km. * 1944 - The V-2 rocket [[MW 18014]] reaches an altitude of 176 km, becoming the first human-made object to reach [[Outer space|space]]. * 1945 - [[Lothar Sieber]] dies after the first vertical take-off crewed rocket flight in a [[Bachem Ba 349]] "Natter" * 1945 - [[Operation Paperclip]] takes 1,600 German rocket scientists and technicians to the United States * 1945 - [[Operation Osoaviakhim]] takes 2,000 German rocket scientists and technicians to the Soviet Union * 1946 - First flight of the [[Nike missile]], later the first operational [[Surface-to-air missile|surface-to-air guided missile]] * 1947 - The first [[Animals in space|animals sent into space]] were fruit flies aboard a V-2 rocket launched from [[New Mexico]], USA * 1947 - [[Chuck Yeager]] achieves the first crewed [[supersonic]] flight in a [[Bell X-1]] rocket-powered aircraft * 1949 - [[Willy Ley]] publishes ''The Conquest of Space'' * 1952 - 22 May, French [[Véronique (rocket)|Véronique 1]] rocket is launched from the [[French Algeria|Algerian desert]]. * 1952 - Wernher von Braun discusses the technical details of a crewed exploration of [[Mars]] in ''[[Das Marsprojekt]]''. * 1953 - ''Colliers'' magazine publishes a series of articles on humanity's future in space, igniting the interest of people around the world. The series includes numerous articles by Ley and von Braun, illustrated by Chesley Bonestell. * 1956 - First launch of [[PGM-17 Thor]], the first US ballistic missile and forerunner of the [[Delta (rocket family)|Delta space launch rockets]] * 1957 - Launch of the first [[ICBM]], the [[Soviet Union|USSR]]'s [[R-7 rocket|R-7 (8K71)]], known to [[NATO]] as the SS-6 ''Sapwood''. * 1957 - The USSR launches [[Sputnik 1]], the first artificial satellite. * 1958 - The U.S. launches [[Explorer 1]], the first American artificial satellite, on a [[Jupiter-C]] rocket. * 1958 - US launches their first ICBM, the [[Atlas (missile)|Atlas]]-B (the Atlas-A was a test article only). * 1961 - US launched the [[Mercury-Redstone 2]] mission, which made the [[chimpanzee]] [[Ham (chimpanzee)|Ham]] to become the first [[Hominidae]] in space.<ref>{{cite web |title=My steps for Bataan |url=https://www.marines.mil/News/News-Display/Article/581909/my-steps-for-bataan/ |website=United States Marine Corps Flagship |access-date=13 April 2022}}</ref> * 1961 - the USSR launches [[Vostok 1]], [[Yuri Gagarin]] reached a height of 327 km above Earth and was the first person to orbit Earth. * 1961 - US, a [[Mercury program|Mercury]] capsule named ''[[Freedom 7]]'' with [[Alan Shepard|Alan B. Shepard]], spacecraft was launched by a [[Redstone (rocket)|Redstone rocket]] on a ballistic trajectory [[suborbital flight]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Swenson|first1=Loyd S. Jr.|first2=James M.|last2=Grimwood|first3=Charles C.|last3=Alexander|title=This New Ocean: A History of Project Mercury|url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4201/cover.htm|access-date=June 28, 2007|series=The NASA History Series|year=1966|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|location=Washington, DC|oclc=569889|id=NASA SP-4201|archive-date=June 17, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617075825/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4201/cover.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 1962 - The US launches Mercury MA-6 (''[[Friendship 7]]'') on an [[Atlas (rocket family)|Atlas D]] booster, [[John Glenn]] puts America in orbit. *1962 - [[Pakistan]] launched [[Rehbar-I]] and was the first country in [[Islamic world]] to successfully launch a vessel in outer space. * 1963 - The USSR launches [[Vostok 6]], [[Valentina Tereshkova]] was the first woman (and first civilian) in space and to orbit Earth. She remained in space for nearly three days and orbited the Earth 48 times. * 1963 - US [[X-15]] rocket-plane, the first reusable crewed spacecraft (suborbital) reaches space, pioneering reusability, carried launch and glide landings. * 1965 - USSR Proton rocket, highly successful launch vehicle with notable payloads, Salyut 6 and Salyut 7, Mir, and ISS components * 1965 - Robert Salked investigates various single stage to orbit spaceplane concepts<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/saluttle.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050222221557/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/saluttle.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 22, 2005|title=Salkeld Shuttle|publisher=Astronautix.com|access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pmview.com/spaceodysseytwo/spacelvs/sld039.htm|title=ROBERT SALKELD'S|publisher=Pmview.com|access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.nasa.gov/sts25th/printFriendly/further.html|title=STS-1 Further Reading|publisher=History.nasa.gov|access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref> * 1965 - FR [[Diamant (rocket)|Diamant]], first French and European rocket to reach orbit, France became the third space nation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://presse.cnes.fr/en/cnes-celebrates-diamants-50th-anniversary-origins-frances-independence-space|title=CNES celebrates Diamant's 50th anniversary - the origins of France's independence in space|date=December 2015}}</ref> [[File:Aldrin Apollo 11 original.jpg|thumb|Buzz Aldrin on the surface of the Moon during Apollo 11]] * 1966 - USSR [[Luna 9]], the first soft landing on the [[Moon]] * 1966 - USSR launches [[Soyuz spacecraft]], the longest-running series of spacecraft, eventually serving Soviet, Russian and International space missions. * 1968 - USSR [[Zond 5]], two tortoises and smaller biological Earthlings circle the Moon and return safely to Earth. * 1968 - US [[Apollo 8]], the first crewed mission to reach and orbit the Moon. * 1969 - US [[Apollo 11]], first crewed landing on the Moon, first lunar surface extravehicular activity. * 1975 - EU [[ESA]], creation of the European Space Agency.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.esa.int/About_Us/ESA_history/History_of_Europe_in_space|title = History of Europe in space}}</ref> * 1979 - EU [[Ariane 1]], first Ariane European rocket.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arianespace.com/company-milestones/decades/1970/|title=Milestones|work=Arianespace }}</ref> * 1980 - EU [[Arianespace]], creation of Arianespace, world's first commercial space transportation company.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arianespace.com/company-milestones/decades/1980/#timeline-year-1980|title = Milestones| work=Arianespace }}</ref> * 1981 - US [[Space Shuttle]] pioneers reusability and glide landings * 1988 - EU [[Ariane 4]], first launch of the Ariane 4 rocket.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arianespace.com/company-milestones/decades/1980/#timeline-year-1988|title = Milestones| work=Arianespace }}</ref> * 1996 - EU [[Ariane 5]], first flight of the Ariane 5 rocket, self-destructed in flight. After that, Ariane 5 will be the main European rocket for decades.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://videotheque.cnes.fr/index.php?urlaction=doc&id_doc=16001&rang=1|title = Vidéothèque CNES : Lancement Ariane 501}}</ref> * 1998 - US [[Deep Space 1]] is first deep space mission to use an [[ion thruster]] for propulsion. * 1998 - Russia launches the [[Zarya (ISS module)|Zarya]] module, the first part of the [[International Space Station]]. ==21st century== [[File:STS-113 Extravehicular Activity (STS113-714-039).jpg|thumb|Astronauts assemble the ISS.]] [[File:Falcon 9 first stage landing on Droneship.jpg|thumb|SpaceX first stage rocket returning from space to a [[Autonomous spaceport drone ship|drone ship]] at sea.]] * 2001 - Russian [[Soyuz spacecraft]] sent the first space tourist [[Dennis Tito]] to [[International Space Station]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/65010/first_space_tourist_dennis_tito_to_make_business_visit_to/index.html |title=First Space Tourist Dennis Tito to Make Business Visit to Russia |date=June 15, 2004 |publisher=redOrbit |access-date=February 27, 2013 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127161905/http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/65010/first_space_tourist_dennis_tito_to_make_business_visit_to/index.html |archive-date=November 27, 2010 }}</ref> * 2004 - US-based, first privately developed, crewed (suborbital) spaceflight, [[SpaceShipOne]] demonstrates reusability.<ref name=ft>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scaled.com/projects/tierone/combined_white_knight_spaceshipone_flight_tests|title=SpaceShipOne Flight Tests|work=Scaled Composites|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822194232/http://www.scaled.com/projects/tierone/combined_white_knight_spaceshipone_flight_tests|archive-date=2010-08-22}}</ref> * 2008 - [[SpaceX]]—with their [[Falcon 1]] rocket—became the first [[private spaceflight|private entity]] to successfully launch a [[launch vehicle|rocket]] into [[orbital spaceflight|orbit]].<ref name=sfn20080928> {{cite web |last=Clark|first=Stephen |title=Sweet Success at Last for Falcon 1 Rocket |date=2008-09-28 |work=Spaceflight Now |url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/falcon/004/index.html |access-date=2014-11-30 |quote=''the first privately developed liquid-fueled rocket to successfully reach orbit.''}}</ref> * 2012 - The [[SpaceX Dragon 1]]—launched aboard a [[Falcon 9 v1.0|Falcon 9]] launch vehicle—was the first private [[spacecraft]] to successfully dock with another spacecraft, and was also the first private capsule to dock at the [[International Space Station]].<ref name=sfn2012> {{cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |title=First commercial cargo ship arrives at space station |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/falcon9/003/120525arrival/ |access-date=30 November 2014 |work=Spaceflight Now |date=25 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529031450/http://www.spaceflightnow.com/falcon9/003/120525arrival/ |archive-date=29 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2014 - First booster rocket returning from an [[orbital spaceflight|orbital trajectory]] to achieve a zero-velocity-at-zero-altitude [[Rocket propulsion|propulsive]] [[VTVL|vertical landing]]. The first-stage booster of [[Falcon 9 Flight 9]] made the first successful controlled ocean soft touchdown of a liquid-rocket-engine orbital booster on April 18, 2014.<ref name=mit20140422> {{cite news |last=Belfiore|first=Michael |title=SpaceX Brings a Booster Safely Back to Earth |url=http://www.technologyreview.com/news/526806/spacex-brings-a-booster-safely-back-to-earth/ |access-date=April 25, 2014 |newspaper=MIT Technology Review |date=April 22, 2014 }}</ref><ref name=bi20141125> {{cite news |last1=Orwig|first1=Jessica |title=Elon Musk Just Unveiled A Game-Changing Ocean Landing Pad For His Reusable Rockets |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-rockets-that-land-at-sea-2014-11 |access-date=2014-12-11 |work=Business Insider |date=2014-11-25 |quote=''The first successful "soft landing" of a Falcon 9 rocket happened in April of this year'' }}</ref> * 2015 - [[SpaceX]]'s [[Falcon 9 Flight 20]] was the first time that the first stage of an orbital rocket made a successful return and [[VTVL|vertical landing]].<ref name=sn20151221>{{cite news |author=Jeff Foust |title=Falcon 9 Launches Orbcomm Satellites, Lands First Stage |url=http://spacenews.com/falcon-9-launches-orbcomm-satellites-first-stage-lands/ |work=SpaceNews |date=December 21, 2015 |access-date=2015-12-22 |quote=''the first time SpaceX had successfully landed the rocket's first stage.'' }}</ref> * 2017 - [[SpaceX]]'s [[Falcon 9]] [[SES-10]] was the first time a used orbital rocket made a successful return<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spacenews.com/spacex-demonstrates-rocket-reusability-with-ses-10-launch-and-booster-landing/|title=SpaceX demonstrates rocket reusability with SES-10 launch and booster landing|date=30 March 2017|website=Spacenews.com|access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref> * 2018 - The [[Electron (rocket)|Electron]] rocket was the first New Zealand rocket to achieve orbit. The rocket is also unique in using an [[electric pump-fed engine]]. The rocket also carried an additional satellite payload called "[[Humanity Star]]", a {{convert|1|m|ft|adj=mid|-wide|abbr=off|sp=us}} carbon fiber sphere made up of 65 panels that reflect the Sun's light.<ref name="tv20180124">{{cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/24/16926426/rocket-lab-humanity-star-secret-satellite-electron-test-launch |title=Rocket Lab secretly launched a disco ball satellite on its latest test flight |work=[[The Verge]] |last=Grush |first=Loren |date=24 January 2018 |access-date=24 January 2018}}</ref> *2023 - India launches [[Chandrayaan-3]], the first spacecraft to land on the Moon's south pole. ==See also== * [[History of rockets]] * [[List of missiles]] * [[Lists of rockets]] * [[Timeline of heat engine technology]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Spaceflight lists and timelines}} {{Aviation timelines navbox}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline Of Rocket And Missile Technology}} [[Category:Aviation timelines|Rockets]] [[Category:Spaceflight timelines|Rocket]] [[Category:Military timelines|Missile]] [[Category:Science timelines|Rockets and missiles]] [[Category:Technology timelines|Missiles and rocksts]]
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