Editing Topper (dinghy)

{{Short description|International racing sailing class}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2016}}
{{About|the 1977-patented dinghy|3=Topper (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox sailboat specifications
| name = Topper
| image = Toppers-stewartby-2005.JPG
| imagesize = 220
| alt = 
| caption = Toppers at Stewartby Open 2005
| class_symbol = 
| class_image = Topper black.svg
| class_imagealt = A stylised silhouette of a top hat
| class_imagesize = 70
| crew = 1
| type = [[Monohull]]
| design = [[One-Design]]
| construction = [[Polypropylene]]/[[Polyethylene]]
| rig = [[Catboat|Cat rig]]
| keel = [[Daggerboard]]
| trapeze = 
| loa = {{Convert|11|ft|1|in|m|abbr=on}}
| loh = 
| lwl = 
| beam = {{Convert|3|ft|11|in|m|abbr=on}}
| draft = 
| hull = {{Convert|94|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
| mastheight = 
| mainsailandjib = 
| sailarea = 
| jib = 
| spinnaker = 
| d-pn = 110.4<ref name="UScbi">{{cite web |url=http://offshore.ussailing.org/Portsmouth_Yardstick/Current_Tables/Centerboard_Classes-Inactive.htm |title=Centerboard Classes-Inactive |publisher=US Sailing |access-date=31 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816154359/http://offshore.ussailing.org/Portsmouth_Yardstick/Current_Tables/Centerboard_Classes-Inactive.htm |archive-date=16 August 2012  }}</ref>
| rya-pn = 1301<ref name="RYA2012">{{cite web |url=http://www.rya.org.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/technical/Web%20Documents/py-general/2012%20listv3.xls |title=Portsmouth Number List 2012 |publisher=Royal Yachting Association |access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref>
| sailarea main = {{Convert|6.4|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
{{Convert|5.3|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
{{Convert|4.2|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
| phrf = 
| year = 1977
| designer = [[Ian Proctor]]
| location = 
| role = 
| updated = 
| olympic = 
}}

The '''Topper''' is an 11 [[foot (length)|foot]] (approx. 3.3m) {{convert|43|kg|lb|abbr=on}} [[sailing dinghy]] designed by [[Ian Proctor]]. The Topper was a one-design boat until 2023 when a new version was produced, and is sailed mostly around the British Isles. It was recognised as a [[World Sailing]] Class.

The boat was previously constructed from [[polypropylene]], and now is [[Rotational molding|roto moulded]], which is popular as a racing boat or for sail training.

The class association (ITCA) organises racing events, which range from small travellers to major championships. The RYA run squads alongside the events; in these squads young sailors who are given specialist race coaching. It is sailed widely among junior sailors in the UK and Ireland and there is a growing fleet in China.

==Class history and design==
The Topper was designed by [[Ian Proctor]] in 1977 as a [[One-Design]] racing boat.<ref name="rules">{{Cite web|url=http://www.itcaworld.org/topper/assets/documents/top2005_cr_290405.pdf|title=2005 INTERNATIONAL TOPPER (5.3m2) and Topper 4.2 m2 CLASS RULES|publisher=ISAF|access-date=28 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721071423/http://www.itcaworld.org/topper/assets/documents/top2005_cr_290405.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> The Topper was initially manufactured and developed by John Dunhill of J V Dunhill Boats Ltd and has been in continuous production for over four decades and over 49,000 examples have now been sold.<ref name="go-sail" /><ref name="itcaworld" /> The Topper dinghy is built in the UK by Topper International Ltd. owned by Martin Fry who purchased the company from Guinness Leisure in 1983. In 1977 the boat won the Design Council Award and the Horner Award for achievements in plastics. The Topper featured in the BBC show [[Tomorrow's World]] with its innovative construction in polypropylene.

The Topper dinghy is widely used for racing, but it has also gained popularity as a boat in which to learn how to sail.<ref name="go-sail">{{Cite web|url=http://www.go-sail.co.uk/topper.asp|title=Topper Dinghy|publisher=www.go-sail.co.uk|access-date=28 June 2010}}</ref> The Topper was originally designed with a [[glass reinforced plastic]] (GRP) hull making it a relatively light but durable boat, however, it was later decided that the Topper should be constructed with [[injection moulding]], using [[polypropylene]],<ref name="itcaworld">{{Cite web|url=http://www.itcaworld.org/thetopper.asp|title=The Topper|publisher=www.itcaworld.org|access-date=28 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721071509/http://www.itcaworld.org/thetopper.asp|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> which is less expensive but heavier and less rigid.<ref name="itcaworld" /><ref name="toppersailboats">{{Cite web|url=http://www.toppersailboats.com/topper_why.aspx|title=The Topper|publisher=www.toppersailboats.com/|access-date=28 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505081057/http://www.toppersailboats.com/topper_why.aspx|archive-date=5 May 2010}}</ref><ref name="minisail">{{Cite web|url=http://minisail.prv.pl/topper/en/|title=Topper|publisher=minisail.prv.pl|access-date=28 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127061520/http://minisail.prv.pl/topper/en/|archive-date=27 November 2010}}</ref>

In 2021, the injection mould was damaged beyond repair and would have required replacement. As this was not financially viable, the boat was redesigned to be rotomoulded in [[polyethylene]] meaning the iconic red colour on the deck had to be replaced with hull colour. The new version was introduced in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Article by Roger Proctor on the new rota moulding process to produce the Polyethylene Topper hull. This was a controversial development because the new design removes the traditional, coloured deck. It lacks the large daggerboard plate, replacing it with a much smaller one only at the aft of the board; has three watertight compartments (two at the front of the cockpit, one on port the other on starboard, a further smaller one at the aft of the cockpit); central selfbailer; adjustable side toestrap; tighter mast gate; the lip on the stern is gone; is about 4 kg lighter than the previous design. This caused debate among the fleet about whether the new boats would be faster than the old ones. Leo Yates (Topper National Champion 2022) said the new boats were much stiffer. They appear to be balanced on upwind boatspeed but the new boats are faster downwind in waves. |url=https://www.itcaworld.org/news/introducing-the-new-rota-moulded-polyethylene-international-topper/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=www.itcaworld.org}}</ref>

[[Image:2006nationals2.jpg|thumb|left|Toppers at the 2006 National Championships, [[Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy|WPNSA]]]]

Although the Topper was originally rigged with an aft mainsheet, since 2004 the option to use a centre main has been allowed. The motivation for such a change being that most other dinghies, including the ones Topper sailors are likely to advance to, are rigged with centre mainsheets.<ref name="itcaworld" />

In 2005 a smaller 4.2 m<sup>2</sup> sail was approved,<ref name="itcaworldpdf">{{Cite web|url=http://www.itcaworld.org/topper/assets/documents/new%20sail%20-%20topper%204.2%20sailnumbers.pdf|title=Topper 4.2: SAIL NUMBERS & NATIONAL LETTERING|publisher=www.itcaworld.org|access-date=28 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721071532/http://www.itcaworld.org/topper/assets/documents/new%20sail%20-%20topper%204.2%20sailnumbers.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> which can optionally be used in favour of the standard 5.3 m<sup>2</sup> sail.<ref name="toppersailboatsshop">{{Cite web|url=http://www.toppersailboats.com/shop/online_shop_products.aspx?category_id=30|title=Online shop / Topper / Sails|publisher=www.toppersailboats.com|access-date=28 June 2010}}</ref> The smaller sail is more efficient than a larger sail that is reefed. The first 4.2m² national championships were held in 2010.<ref name="minisail"/>

In 2020, after two years of development, a new 6.4m² rig for the Topper was introduced.<ref>{{cite web |author=Heyes |first=John |date=11 March 2020 |title=The NEW Topper 6.4 |url=https://www.yachtsandyachting.com/news/227416/The-NEW-Topper-64 |website=Yachts and Yachting}}</ref>

At 11' the Topper is named for the ability to transport it on the roof of a car, and the [[mast (sailing)|mast]] splits into two sections, allowing the [[Spar (sailing)|spars]] to be stored and transported.<ref name="minisail"/>

Despite the age of the design, the Topper Class remains one of the fastest growing classes in the UK, with a very active national association. The Topper class is a recognised [[World Sailing]] International Class since 2005. The GBR Nationals and the World Championships often have over 200 boats in the 5.3 class and 70 in the 4.2.

The largest fleet is in Great Britain where the class is part of the RYA "pathway" class program with turnouts at the RYA regional Championships and the highest percentage of RYA Transitional Youth Squad members. Most 'GB Young Sailor of the Year' nominations in recent years have come from within the Topper Class.

==Event==
{{Expand section|date=December 2024}}{{main|Topper World Championships}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Sports}}
* [[Dinghy sailing]]
* [[Dinghy racing]]
* [[Farr 3.7]]
{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Topper (dinghy)}}
* [http://www.itcaworld.org/ International Topper Class Association]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120711200846/http://www.sailing.org/classes/TOP.php World Sailing Topper Microsite]
* [http://www.topperireland.com/ Irish Topper Class Association]
* [https://www.itca-gbr.co.uk Great Britain Topper Class Association]
* [http://www.toppersailboats.ca/ Topper Sailboats Canada]
* [http://www.clockwisedata.co.uk/portfolio-items/topper/ Story of development of the polypropylene version of the Topper][http://www.clockwisedata.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/TopperBooklet-full.pdf]

{{Topper International}}
{{Classes of World Sailing}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Topper (Dinghy)}}
[[Category:Dinghies]]
[[Category:Boats designed by Ian Proctor]]
[[Category:1970s sailboat type designs]]
[[Category:Classes of World Sailing]]