Editing Transport in Armenia

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
This article considers '''transport in [[Armenia]]'''.

==Railways==
{{Main|South Caucasus Railway|Armenian Railways|Railway stations in Armenia}}

===Total===
{{convert|850|km|mi|abbr=on}} in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines

===Broad gauge===
850&nbsp;km of {{RailGauge|1520mm}} [[Russian gauge|gauge]] (850&nbsp;km electrified) (1995)
There is no service south of [[Yerevan]].

City with [[rapid transit|metro]] system: [[Yerevan Metro|Yerevan]]

===International links===
*{{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Rail transport in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] - closed - same gauge
*{{flagicon|Georgia}} [[Rail transport in Georgia (country)|Georgia]] - yes - same gauge
*{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Rail transport in Iran|Iran]] - via [[Rail transport in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] - closed - [[break-of-gauge|break of gauge]] - {{RailGauge|1520mm}}/{{RailGauge|sg}}
*{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Rail transport in Turkey|Turkey]] - closed - [[break-of-gauge|break of gauge]] -{{RailGauge|1520mm}}/{{RailGauge|sg}}

Most of the cross-border lines are currently closed due to political problems.<ref>{{cite magazine| title=Armenia looks to the private sector | magazine = [[Railway Gazette International]] |date = January 2008| url = http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2008/01/8075/armenia_looks_to_the_private_sector.html }}</ref> However, there are daily inbound and outbound trains connecting Tbilisi and Yerevan. Departing from [[Yerevan railway station]] trains connect to both Tbilisi and [[Batumi]]. From neighboring Georgia, trains depart to Yerevan from [[Tbilisi railway station]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wander-lush.org/train-from-tbilisi-to-yerevan/|title=How to Travel by Overnight Sleeper Train from Tbilisi to Yerevan (or Vice Versa)|first=Emily|last=Lush|date=June 1, 2020}}</ref> Within [[Armenia]], new electric trains connect passengers from Yerevan to Armenia's second-largest city of [[Gyumri]]. The new trains run four times a day and the journey takes approximately two hours.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.evnreport.com/economy/revitalizing-armenia-s-transport-system|title=Revitalizing Armenia's Transport System}}</ref>

There is also discussion to establish a rail link between Yerevan and Tehran. Armenia is pursuing funding from the Asian Development Bank to launch the construction of this infrastructure project.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-05/01/c_138027336.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501233259/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-05/01/c_138027336.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 1, 2019|title=Interview: BRI creates increasing cooperation opportunities for Armenia, China: expert - Xinhua &#124; English.news.cn|website=www.xinhuanet.com}}</ref> The completion of the project could establish a major commodities transit corridor and would serve as the shortest transportation route between [[Europe]] and the [[Persian Gulf]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rasia-announces-achievement-of-key-milestone-for-southern-armenia-railway-in-meeting-with-armenian-prime-minister-223792861.html|title=Rasia Announces Achievement of Key Milestone for Southern Armenia Railway in Meeting with Armenian Prime Minister|first=Rasia|last=FZE|website=www.prnewswire.com}}</ref> In June 2019, Iranian president [[Hassan Rouhani]] backed this project and stated that “we want the Persian Gulf and the [[Gulf of Oman]] to be connected to the Black Sea, and one of the ways to make this happen is through Iran, Armenia and Georgia.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/980682.html|title=Tehran determined in deepening relations with Yerevan|website=armenpress.com}}</ref>

[[File:Yerevan-metro.jpg|thumb|right|Yerevan Metro train]]

===Metros===
The capital city of Armenia, [[Yerevan]], is serviced by the [[Yerevan Metro]]. The system was launched in 1981, and like most former Soviet Metros, its stations are very deep (20–70 meters underground) and intricately decorated with national motifs. The metro runs on a 13.4 kilometers (8.3&nbsp;mi) line and currently serves 10 active stations. Trains run every five minutes from 6:30&nbsp;a.m. until 11 p.m. local [[Armenia Time|AMT]] time. As of 2017, the annual ridership of the metro is 16.2 million passengers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://asmetro.ru/upload/docs/2017.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://asmetro.ru/upload/docs/2017.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕХНИКО-ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ МЕТРОПОЛИТЕНОВ ЗА 2017 ГОД. |website=asmetro.ru}}</ref>  Free [[Wi-Fi]] is available at all stations and some trains.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://rentyerevan.com/f-a-q-for-tourists/|title=Public Transport in Armenia – Rent Yerevan}}</ref> 

=== Trams ===
Yerevan tram ([[Armenian language|Armenian]]: {{Lang|hy|Երևանի տրամվայ}}) was a [[tram]] system previously operating in [[Yerevan]], the capital of Armenia. It was opened on 29 September 1906 in the form of a city [[wagonway]]. In the second half of the 20th century, the tram system had up to 12 routes, which were served by 3 depots. Trams were operated until 21 January 2004.

==== History ====
[[File:Ձիակառք.jpg|Model of a [[Horsecar|horseway tram]] in Yerevan |alt=|center|thumb|220x220px]]

The only city in Armenia where a tram ever existed was Yerevan. On 29 September 1906, the Yerevan horse wagonway was opened. This type of narrow-gauge wagonway existed until August 1918, when the tram was destroyed during [[World War I]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://transit.parovoz.com/masstransit/index.php?ID=476|title= "transit.parovoz.com"|access-date=2016-05-05|archive-date=2012-07-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120719094359/http://transit.parovoz.com/masstransit/index.php?ID=476|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 12 January 1933, a wide-gauge electric tram was launched.<ref name=":0" /> The number of tram cars increased by 25% on average every five years, in 1933 it was 16, then in 1945 there were 77 cars, and in 1965 - 222 cars. Two types of trams were used, the 71-605 and the RVZ-6M2, both were [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] made. Since the cost of the tram was 2.4% higher than that of buses, as well as due to expensive electricity and problems arising when the tram crossed the [[Great Bridge of Hrazdan]] in Yerevan, route #7 (Erebuni - Zeytun) was closed on 20 June 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archives.armenianow.com/2003/july11/news/derailed/|title=De-Railed: Only one tram route remains following latest closer|access-date=2017-07-03|archive-date=2018-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023234320/http://archives.armenianow.com/2003/july11/news/derailed/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Most of the tracks have been removed and the trams have been turned into [[Wrecking yard|scrap]]. The tram depot is used by various private enterprises, and the substation currently serves the [[Trolleybuses in Yerevan|Yerevan trolleybus]].

== Buses ==

===International connections===
[[File:Yerevan Kilikia Bus Station, "Avtovokzal", front entrance, 23 September 2023.jpg|thumb|Yerevan Central Bus Station]]
Land borders are open with both Georgia and Iran. Yerevan Central Bus Station, also known as Kilikia Bus Station is the main bus terminal in Yerevan with buses connecting to both internal and international destinations. There are daily bus connections between Yerevan and [[Tbilisi]] and Yerevan and [[Tehran]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/armenia/practical-information/transport/flights-and-getting-there/a/nar/058ca5e0-00f0-4400-a579-d38c37d8d9c2/1313894|title=Flights & getting there in Armenia|first=Lonely|last=Planet|website=Lonely Planet}}</ref> Approximately three times daily, buses depart from Yerevan Central Bus Station to [[Stepanakert]], the capital of the partially recognized state of [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dontstopliving.net/world-borders-get-armenia-nagorno-karabakh-tegh-berdadzor/|title=World Borders: How to Get from Armenia to Nagorno Karabakh (Tegh to Berdadzor)|first=Jonny|last=Blair|date=November 2, 2013}}</ref> There are also scheduled bus routes which connect Yerevan with [[Kyiv]], [[Moscow]], [[Saint Petersburg]] as well as several other cities across [[Russia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://getbybus.com/en/bus-from-yerevan|title=Bus station Yerevan, timetable and tickets → GetByBus|website=getbybus.com}}</ref> It is also possible to connect to [[Chișinău]] Moldova, [[Minsk]] Belarus and other cities in [[Eastern Europe]] from Yerevan through connecting bus routes via Georgia and Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rome2rio.com/s/Yerevan/Minsk|title=How to Get from Yerevan to Minsk by plane, bus, or train |author=<!-- not stated --> |website=Rome2Rio |access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref> In addition, there is a once a week bus service to [[Istanbul]] via Georgia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tripfinger.com/Armenia/r/Yerevan/l/Yerevan-Central-Bus-Station|title=Yerevan Central Bus Station|website=www.tripfinger.com}}</ref> In June 2019, a new bus route from [[Baghdad]] to Yerevan via Iran began.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-06 |title=Baghdad opens to neighbors with new Iraq-Iran-Armenia bus route |url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/09062019 |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=www.rudaw.net}}</ref>

===Local connections===
{{See also|Trolleybuses in Yerevan}}
The Armenian bus network connects all major cities, towns, and villages throughout the country. In larger cities and towns such as [[Yerevan]], [[Gyumri]], [[Vanadzor]] and [[Armavir, Armenia|Armavir]], bus stations are equipped with a waiting room and a ticket office, in other towns bus stations may not have shelters. Most of the routes are operated by [[GAZelle]] minivans with a capacity of 15 passengers, some routes are operated by soviet bus producer [[LiAZ (Russia)]]. Yerevan itself has a large integrated bus network, with a newly acquired bus fleet, passengers are able to connect from one end of the city to the other. [[Wi-Fi]] is available on most city buses.<ref name="auto"/> Despite this, buses often have difficulty meeting the demand for capacity, mainly in Yerevan, where vehicles are typically overcrowded. There are no night services between 11 p.m. and 6 a.m. There is no ticket system in the country, passengers pay in cash to drivers.  Passengers on the national bus network pay before boarding, passengers on the Yerevan bus network pay after the ride, while leaving the vehicle. Timetables and fares are published on [https://t-armenia.com/ Transport for Armenia].

From [[Yeritasardakan (Yerevan Metro)|Yeritasardakan]] metro station in downtown Yerevan, travelers can take the 201 airport shuttle, which goes directly to Zvartnots International Airport, which takes approximately 20 minutes from the city center.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://t-armenia.com/en/yerevan-airport-shuttle-bus|title=Timetable from Yerevan, Zvartnots International Airport to Yeritasardakan|first=Milestone|last=Ltd|website=Transport for Armenia}}</ref>

==Roadways==
[[File:E-roads-Caucasus-countries.png|thumb|right|275px|The E-road network in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]]. However, the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan is closed due to strained [[Armenia–Azerbaijan relations|relations between Armenia and Azerbaijan]].]]
{{Main|Roads in Armenia}}
{{See also|Road signs in Armenia}}
Since independence, Armenia has been developing its internal highway network. The "North-South Road Corridor Investment Program" is a major infrastructure project which aims at connecting the southern border of Armenia with its northern by means of a 556&nbsp;km-long Meghri-Yerevan-Bavra highway. It is a major US$1.5 billion infrastructure project funded by the [[Asian Development Bank]], [[European Investment Bank]] and the [[Eurasian Development Bank]]. When completed, the highway will provide access to European countries via the [[Black Sea]]. It could also eventually interconnect the Black Sea ports of Georgia with the major ports of Iran, thus positioning Armenia in a strategic transport corridor between Europe and Asia.<ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://northsouth.am/en|title=Home &#124; North-South Road Program State Non-Commercial Organization|website=northsouth.am}}</ref> Armenia is pursuing further loans from [[China]] as part of the [[Belt and Road Initiative]] to complete the north–south highway.<ref name="auto3"/>

Armenia connects to European road networks via the [[International E-road network]] through various routes such as; [[European route E117]], [[European route E691]], [[European route E001]] and [[European route E60]]. Armenia also connects to the [[Asian Highway Network]] through routes [[AH81]], [[AH82]] and [[AH83]].

The number of insured registered cars in Armenia has grown from 390,457 in 2011 to 457,878 in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.armbanks.am/en/2016/02/03/94938/|title=Number of insured cars in Armenia has grown from 390,457 in 2011 to 457,878 in 2015}}</ref>

===Total===
8,800 &nbsp;km
<br />World Ranking: 112

===Paved===
8,800 &nbsp;km (including 1,561&nbsp;km of expressways)

===Unpaved===
0&nbsp;km (2006 est.)

==Pipelines==
[[Natural gas]] 3,838&nbsp;km (2017)

==Ports and harbors==
Cargo shipments to [[landlock]]ed Armenia are routed through ports in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and [[Turkey]].

==Airports==
[[File:Zvartnots airport.jpg|thumb|right|Zvartnots International Airport]]
[[File:Yerevan Zvartnots International.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Zvartnots International Airport main concourse.]]
{{See also| List of airports in Armenia| List of the busiest airports in Armenia| List of airlines of Armenia}}

Air transportation in Armenia is the most convenient and comfortable means of getting into the country. There are large international airports that accept both external and domestic flights throughout the Republic. As of 2020, 11 airports operate in Armenia. However, only [[Yerevan|Yerevan's]] [[Zvartnots International Airport]] and [[Gyumri|Gyumri's]] [[Shirak Airport]] are in use for commercial aviation. There are three additional civil airports currently under reconstruction in Armenia, including [[Syunik Airport]], [[Stepanavan Airport]], and [[Goris Airport]]. The leading Armenian airlines in operation are [[Armenia Aircompany]] and [[Armenia Airways]].

There are plenty of air connections between Yerevan and other regional cities, including Athens, Barcelona, Beirut, Berlin, Bucharest, Brussels, Damascus, Doha, Dubai, Istanbul, Kyiv, Kuwait City, London, Milan, Minsk, Moscow, Paris, Prague, Riga, Rome, Tehran, Tel-Aviv, Tbilisi, Vienna, Venice, and Warsaw, as well as daily connections to most major cities within the [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] region.<ref name="auto1"/> Statistics show that the number of tourists arriving in the country by air transportation increases yearly.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.orangesmile.com/travelguide/armenia/transport.htm|title=Convenient Ways to Travel through Armenia &#124; Transport, Airports and Railway Communication|website=www.orangesmile.com}}</ref> In 2018, passenger flow at the two main airports of Armenia reached a record high of 2,856,673 million people.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/949728.html|title=Passenger flow in Armenia's airport's increases|website=Armenpress|access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref> In December 2019, yearly passenger flow exceeded 3,000,000 million people for the first time in Armenia's history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1000488.html|title=Yerevan airport records 3,000,000 yearly passenger flow first time ever|website=Armenpress|access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref>

In November 2019, the creation of a Free Route Airspace (FRA) between Armenia and Georgia was announced. The process has been carried out through the joint efforts of the [[General Department of Civil Aviation of Armenia]], the [[Georgian Civil Aviation Administration]] and [[Eurocontrol]]. The Free Route Airspace between the two [[South Caucasus]] countries will increase flights to around 40,000 annually.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2019/11/08/armenia-georgia-launch-free-route-airspace/|title=Armenia, Georgia launch joint Free Route Airspace|date=November 8, 2019|website=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref>

Country comparison to the world: 153

===Airports - with paved runways===
Total: 10
:Over 3,047 m (9,900 feet): 2
:1,524 to 2,437 m (7,920 feet): 2
:914 to 1,523 m (4,950 feet): 4
:Under 914 m: 2 (as of 2008)

===Airports - with unpaved runways===
Total: 1
:1,524 to 2,437 m: 0
:914 to 1,523 m: 1
:under 914 m: 0 (as of 2008)

==Heliports==
Armenia maintains a number of both military and civilian [[heliports]]. The main military heliport is located on the premises of [[Erebuni Airport]] in Yerevan. Meanwhile, the company Armenian Helicopters, based at Zvartnots Airport in Yerevan, offers charter flights within Armenia and to certain neighboring countries, including Georgia, Russia, and Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/932423.html|title=Armenia to introduce commercial helicopter services|website=armenpress.am}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.armheli.com/charter-directions|title=CHARTER DIRECTIONS|website=ARMHELI}}</ref> [[Helicopter]] services are delivered with the US-made Robinson R66 and the European AIRBUS EC130T2 choppers. Flights can be carried out as scheduled or on individual routes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.armheli.com/|title=HOME &#124; MLBAS|website=ARMHELI}}</ref>

[[File:Крылья Татева.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Wings of Tatev aerial tramway]]

==Aerial tramways==
The [[Wings of Tatev]] is currently the world's longest reversible [[aerial tramway]]  which holds the record for longest non-stop double-track cable car and is located in the town of [[Halidzor]].

In October 2019, it was announced that investors were interested in creating an aerial tramway in the capital, Yerevan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/991977.html|title=Sketches of a new subway station and ropeway construction in Yerevan to be presented to public|website=armenpress.am}}</ref>

==International transport agreements==
Armenia cooperates in various international transport-related organizations and agreements, including the following:<ref>{{Cite news| title=International organizations | publisher = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Armenia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] |date = October 2018| url = https://www.mfa.am/en/international-organisations/}}</ref>
*[[Eurocontrol]]
*[[European Aviation Safety Agency]] (Pan-European Partner)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/international-cooperation/easa-by-country/countries/armenia|title=Armenia|website=EASA}}</ref>
*[[European Civil Aviation Conference]]
*[[European Common Aviation Area]]
*[[International Civil Aviation Organization]]
*[[International Road Transport Union]]
*[[International Transport Forum]]
*[[International Union of Railways]] (Associate member)
*[[Montreal Convention]]
*[[TIR Convention]]
*[[TRACECA]]
*[[Trans-European Transport Networks]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Transport}}
* [[Civil Aviation Committee (Armenia)|Civil Aviation Committee of Armenia]]
* [[Economy of Armenia]]
* [[Ministry of Transport and Communication (Armenia)]]
* [[Tourism in Armenia]]
* [[Transport in Europe]]
* [[Transport in Georgia (country)]]
* [[Republic of Artsakh#Transportation|Transport in the Republic of Artsakh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{CIA World Factbook|year=2009}}

{{Armenia topics}}
{{Armenia transit}}
{{Europe topic|Transport in|template=yes}}
{{Asia topic|Transport in}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Transport in Armenia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport In Armenia}}
[[Category:Transport in Armenia| ]]