Editing Transport in Chad

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{more citations  needed|date=August 2012}}
Transport infrastructure within [[Chad]] is generally poor, especially in the north and east of the country.  River transport is limited to the south-west corner. As of 2011 Chad had no railways though two lines are planned - from the capital to the Sudanese and Cameroonian borders during the [[wet season]], especially in the southern half of the country.  In the north, roads are merely tracks across the [[desert]] and [[land mine]]s continue to present a danger.  Draft animals ([[horse]]s, [[donkey]]s and [[camel]]s) remain important in much of the country.
[[File:Rebuilt bridge on Bragoto River.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Rebuilt Bridge in south west of Chad over the [[Bragoto River]]]]
[[File:Toyota 4X8.jpg|thumb|Through the desert near the [[Chad-Libya border]]]]
Fuel supplies can be erratic, even in the south-west of the country, and are expensive. Elsewhere they are practically non-existent.

== Highways ==
[[File:Map of Trans-African Highways.PNG|thumb|left]]
[[File:Vidéo transport au Tchad.webm|thumb|Road transport during wet season]]
Three trans-African automobile routes pass through Chad:
* the [[Tripoli-Cape Town Highway]] (3)
* the [[Dakar-Ndjamena Highway]] (5)
* the [[Ndjamena-Djibouti Highway]] (6)
As at 2018 Chad had a total of 44,000&nbsp;km of roads of which approximately 260&nbsp;km are paved.<ref name=CIA/> Some, but not all of the roads in the capital [[N'Djamena]] are paved. Outside of N'Djamena there is one paved road which runs from [[Massakory]] in the north, through N'Djamena and then south, through the cities of [[Guélengdeng]], [[Bongor]], [[Kélo, Chad|Kélo]] and [[Moundou]], with a short spur leading in the direction of [[Kousseri]], Cameroon, near N'Djamena.  Expansion of the road towards Cameroon through [[Pala, Chad|Pala]] and [[Léré, Chad|Léré]] is reportedly in the preparatory stages.<ref>{{cite book |title=Global Logistics Assessments Reports Handbook: Strategic Transportation and Customs Information for Selected Countries |date=15 February 2008 |publisher=International Business Pubns USA |pages=125 |isbn=9780739766033 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0x3TrjmWAsMC&q=Cameroon+through+Pala+and+L%C3%A9r%C3%A9+road+expansion&pg=PA125 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== Airports ==
{{See also|List of airports in Chad}}
{{As of|2012}} Chad had an estimated 58 airports, only 9 of which had paved runways.<ref name="CIA-WFB">
 {{cite web
 | url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chad/
 | title = Chad:Transport
 | work = [[The World Factbook]]
 | publisher = [[CIA]]
 | date = 15 August 2012}}
</ref> In 2015, scheduled airlines in Chad carried approximately 28,332 passengers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chad Transportation |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chad/ |website=CIA World Factbook |access-date=14 January 2020}}</ref>

=== Airports with paved runways ===
Statistics on airports with paved runways as of 2017:<ref name=CIA />
{| class="wikitable"
! Runway length !! Airports
|-
| over {{convert|3047|m|-2}}    || 2
|-
| {{convert|2438|to|3047|m|-2}} || 4
|-
| {{convert|1524|to|2437|m|-2}} || 2
|-
| {{convert|914|to|1524|m|-2}}  || 0
|-
| under {{convert|914|m|-2}}    || 1
|- style="background-color:#DDDDDD;"
| TOTAL                         || 9
|}

List of airports with paved runways:<ref>{{cite web
 | url = http://www.aircraft-charter-world.com/airports/africa/chad.htm
 | title = Airports in Chad
 | work = aircraft-charter-world.com
 | publisher = Air Broker Center International AB
 | year = 2009
 | access-date = 13 September 2006
 | archive-date = 28 September 2020
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200928015517/http://www.aircraft-charter-world.com/airports/africa/chad.htm
 | url-status = dead
 }}</ref>
* [[Abeche Airport]]
* [[Bol Airport (Chad)|Bol Airport]]
* [[Faya-Largeau Airport]]
* [[Moundou Airport]]
* [[N'Djamena International Airport]]
* [[Sarh Airport]]

=== Airports - with unpaved runways ===
Statistics on airports with unpaved runways as of 2013:<ref name=CIA />
{| class="wikitable"
! Runway length !! Airports
|-
| over {{convert|3047|m|-2}} || 1
|-
| {{convert|2438|to|3047|m|-2}} || 2
|-
| {{convert|1524|to|2437|m|-2}} || 14
|-
| {{convert|914|to|1524|m|-2}}  || 22
|-
| under {{convert|914|m|-2}}    || 11
|- style="background-color:#DDDDDD;"
| TOTAL                         || 50
|}

== Waterways ==
As at 2012, Chari and Logone Rivers were navigable only in wet season (2002).  Both flow northwards, from the south of Chad, into [[Lake Chad]].<ref name=CIA />

==Pipelines==
Since 2003, a 1,070&nbsp;km pipeline has been used to export [[crude oil]] from the [[oil field]]s around [[Doba, Chad|Doba]] to offshore oil-loading facilities on [[Cameroon]]'s [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] coast at [[Kribi]].<ref>
 {{cite web
 | url = http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/EXTREGINI/EXTCHADCAMPIPELINE/0,,contentMDK:20516071~menuPK:843292~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:843238,00.html
 | title =  Chad-Cameroon Pipeline: Project Overview
 | publisher = The World Bank Group
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060326081220/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/EXTREGINI/EXTCHADCAMPIPELINE/0,,contentMDK:20516071~menuPK:843292~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:843238,00.html
 | archive-date = 26 March 2006
 }}</ref>
The [[CIA World Factbook]] however cites only 582&nbsp;km of pipeline in Chad itself as at 2013.<ref name=CIA />

== Railways ==
{{main|Rail transport in Chad}}
As of 2011 Chad had no railways. Two lines were planned to Sudan and Cameroon from the capital, with construction expected to start in 2012.<ref>{{cite web
 | url = http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/work-to-begin-on-chad-rail-network/archiv/2012/01.html
 | title = Work to begin on Chad rail network
 | work = railwaygazette.com
 | publisher = [[Railway Gazette International]]
 | date = 13 January 2012
 | access-date = 13 January 2012
 | archive-date = 14 January 2017
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170114051423/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/work-to-begin-on-chad-rail-network/archiv/2012/01.html
 | url-status = dead
 }}</ref> 
No operative lines were listed as of 2019.<ref name=CIA>{{cite web
 | url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chad/
 | title = Chad: Transportation
 | work = [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook 2019]]
 | publisher = [[CIA]]
 | date = 1 February 2020
 }}
</ref>

In 2021, an [[African Development Bank|ADB]] study was funded for that rail link from Cameroon to Chad.<ref>
{{cite web
 | url = https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/subsidy-for-feasibility-study-of-extending-railway-line-between-cameroon-and-chad/
 | title = Chad: Transportation
 | work = [[ConstructionReview]]
 | publisher = CR
 | date = 1 February 2021
 }}
</ref>


== Seaports and harbors ==
None ([[landlocked]]).

Chad's main routes to the sea are:{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}
* From [[N'Djamena]] and the south west of Chad:
** By road to [[Ngaoundéré]], in Cameroon, and then by rail to [[Douala]]
** By road to [[Maiduguri]], in [[Nigeria]], and then by rail to [[Port Harcourt]]
* From the north and east of Chad:
** By road across the [[Sahara]] desert to [[Libya]]

In colonial times, the main access was by road to [[Bangui]], in the [[Central African Republic]], then by river boat to [[Brazzaville]], and onwards by rail from Brazzaville to [[Pointe Noire]], on [[Republic of Congo|Congo's]] [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] coast. This route is now little used.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ibp|first=Inc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0x3TrjmWAsMC&q=In+colonial+times%2C+the+main+access+was+by+road+to+Bangui%2C+in+the+Central+African+Republic%2C+then+by+river+boat+to+Brazzaville%2C+and+onwards+by+rail+from+Brazzaville+to+Pointe+Noire%2C+on+Congo%27s+Atlantic+coast.+This+route+is+now+little+used&pg=PA125|title=Global Logistics Assessments Reports Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Transport and Customs Information for Selected Countries|date=2015-10-06|publisher=Int'l Business Publications|isbn=978-0-7397-6603-3|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

There is also a route across [[Sudan]], to the [[Red Sea]], but very little trade goes this way.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}

Links with [[Niger]], north of Lake Chad, are practically nonexistent; it is easier to reach Niger via Cameroon and Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0x3TrjmWAsMC&pg=PA126|title=Global Logistics Assessments Reports Handbook: Strategic Transportation and Customs Information for Selected Countries|last=USA|first=International Business Pubns|date=2008-02-15|publisher=Int'l Business Publications|isbn=9780739766033|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} {{dead link|date=February 2018}}

== Ministry of Transport ==
The Ministry is represented at the regional level by the Regional Delegations, which have jurisdiction over a part of the National Territory as defined by Decree No. 003 / PCE / CTPT / 91. Their organization and responsibilities are defined by Order No. 006 / MTPT / SE / DG / 92.

The Regional Delegations are:

:*The Regional Delegation of the Center covering the regions of Batha, Guéra and Salamat with headquarters in Mongo;
:*The Regional Delegation of the Center-Ouest covering the regions of Chari Baguirmi and Hatier Lamis with headquarters Massakory;
:*The North-West Regional Delegation covering the Kanem and Lake regions with headquarters in Mao;
:*The Western Regional Delegation covering the areas of Mayo-East Kebbi, Mayo-West Kebbi and Tandjile with headquarters in Bongor;
:*The Eastern Regional Delegation covering the regions of Wadi Fira and Ouaddai with headquarters in Abéché;
:*The South-East Regional Delegation covering the Mandoul and Moyen Chari regions with headquarters in Sarh;
:*The Southwest Regional Delegation covering the regions of Logone Occidental and Logone Orientai with headquarters in Moundou;
:*The Northern Regional Delegation covering the BET region with headquarters in Faya.

Each Regional Delegation is organized into regional services, namely:  the Regional Roads Service, the Regional Transport Service, the Civilian Buildings Regional Service and, as needed, other regional services may be established in one or more Delegations .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://infrastructures-tchad.org/|title=Ministry of Transportation Chad Projects|website=infrastructures-tchad.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526190857/http://infrastructures-tchad.org/|archive-date=26 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Chad]]
* [[Economy of Chad]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | url = http://www.comcec.org/UserFiles/File/ulastirma/%C3%9CLKE%20RAPORLARI/Chad.pdf | title = ''Réseaux des transports en République du Tchad'' (Transport networks in the Republic of Chad) | work = comcec.org | publisher = Ministère des Infrastructures et Equipements, Republique du Tchad (Ministry of Infrastructure and Equipment, Republic of Chad) | date = September 2011 | language = fr | access-date = 13 January 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130512043028/http://www.comcec.org/UserFiles/File/ulastirma/%C3%9CLKE%20RAPORLARI/Chad.pdf | archive-date = 12 May 2013 | url-status = dead }}
; Maps
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/chad.pdf UN Map]
* [http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/45c8599a4.pdf UNHCR Atlas Map]

{{CIA World Factbook}}
{{Chad topics}}
{{Economy of Chad}}
{{Africa in topic|Transport in}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport in Chad}}
[[Category:Transport in Chad| ]]