Editing Transport in Italy

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[[File:A8-A26 Besnate.jpg|thumb|The ''[[Autostrada dei Laghi]]'' ("Lakes Motorway"; now parts of the [[Autostrada A8 (Italy)|Autostrada A8]] and the [[Autostrada A9 (Italy)|Autostrada A9]]) near [[Besnate]], the first [[motorway]] built in the world<ref name="independent"/><ref name="motorwebmuseum"/>]]
[[File:Milano-Centrale-Entrance-Hall-2012.JPG|thumb|[[Milano Centrale railway station]] is the largest railway station in Europe by volume.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unitremilano.it/920/luoghi/stazione-centrale-milano.html|title=La Stazione Centrale di Milano: la più grande in Europa|access-date=1 October 2023}}</ref>]]
[[File:Etr500.JPG|thumb|An [[ETR 500]] train running on the [[Florence–Rome high-speed railway|Florence–Rome high-speed line]] near [[Arezzo]], the first high-speed railway opened in Europe<ref>{{Cite web |title=Special report: A European high-speed rail network |url=https://op.europa.eu/webpub/eca/special-reports/high-speed-rail-19-2018/en/ |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=op.europa.eu |language=en-GB}}</ref>]]

[[Italy]] has a well developed [[transport]] infrastructure. The [[Rail transport in Italy|Italian rail network]] is extensive ({{convert|16723|km|abbr=on}}), especially in the north, and it includes a [[high-speed rail]] network that joins the major cities of Italy from [[Naples]] through northern cities such as [[Milan]] and [[Turin]]. The [[Florence–Rome high-speed railway]] was the first high-speed line opened in Europe when more than half of it opened in 1977. Italy has 2,507 people and 12.46&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> per kilometer of rail track, giving Italy the world's 13th largest rail network.<ref name="network-size">Compare [[List of countries by rail transport network size]].</ref> The Italian rail network is operated by state-owned [[Ferrovie dello Stato]], while the [[rail tracks]] and infrastructure are managed by [[Rete Ferroviaria Italiana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/temiap/documentazione/temi/pdf/1104389.pdf|title=Il trasporto ferroviario|access-date=12 July 2022|language=it|archive-date=13 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013183724/https://www.camera.it/temiap/documentazione/temi/pdf/1104389.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Roads in Italy|Italy's paved road network]] is also widespread, with a total length of about {{convert|487700|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>CIA World Factbook 2005</ref> 
It comprises both an extensive [[controlled-access highway|motorway]] [[Autostrade of Italy|network]] ({{convert|7016|km|abbr=on}}), mostly [[toll road]]s, and national and local roads. Italy was the first country in the world to build [[motorway]]s, the so-called ''[[Autostrade of Italy|autostrade]]'', reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only.<ref name=independent>{{Cite news|first=Thea|last=Lenarduzzi|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/the-worlds-first-motorway-piero-puricellis-masterpiece-is-the-focus-of-an-unlikely-pilgrimage-a6840816.html|title=The motorway that built Italy: Piero Puricelli's masterpiece|date=30 January 2016|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|access-date=12 May 2022|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/the-worlds-first-motorway-piero-puricellis-masterpiece-is-the-focus-of-an-unlikely-pilgrimage-a6840816.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="motorwebmuseum">{{cite web|url=https://www.motorwebmuseum.it/en/places/varese/the-milano-laghi-by-piero-puricelli-the-first-motorway-in-the-world/|title=The "Milano-Laghi" by Piero Puricelli, the first motorway in the world|access-date=10 May 2022|archive-date=1 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901170319/https://www.motorwebmuseum.it/en/places/varese/the-milano-laghi-by-piero-puricelli-the-first-motorway-in-the-world/|url-status=live}}</ref> The ''[[Autostrada dei Laghi]]''  ("Lakes Motorway"), the first built in the world, connecting [[Milan]] to [[Lake Como]] and [[Lake Maggiore]], and now parts of the [[Autostrada A8 (Italy)|A8]] and [[Autostrada A9 (Italy)|A9]] motorways, was devised by [[Piero Puricelli]] and was inaugurated in 1924.<ref name="motorwebmuseum"/> The [[State highways (Italy)|Strade Statali]] is the Italian national network of [[state highway]]s. The total length for this network is about {{convert|25000|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="stradeanas.it"/> The routes of some state highways derive from ancient [[Roman roads]], such as the [[Strada statale 7 Via Appia]], which broadly follows the route of the [[Appian Way|Roman road of the same name]].

Italy is the fifth in Europe by number of passengers by air transport, with about 148 million passengers or about 10% of the European total in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trasporto aereo in Italia (PDF) |date=7 January 2013 |url=http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/78802 |publisher=ISTAT |access-date=5 August 2013 |archive-date=13 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113035254/http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/78802 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2012 there were 130 airports in Italy, including the two [[Airline hub|hubs]] of [[Malpensa International Airport]] in Milan and [[Leonardo da Vinci International Airport]] in Rome. Since October 2021, Italy's [[flag carrier]] airline is [[ITA Airways]], which took over the brand, the IATA ticketing code, and many assets belonging to the former flag carrier [[Alitalia]], after its bankruptcy.<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |last1=Buckley |first1=Julia |title=Italy reveals its new national airline |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/ita-airways-launch/index.html |access-date=18 October 2021 |work=CNN |date=18 October 2021 |language=en |archive-date=18 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018100255/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/ita-airways-launch/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The country also has [[regional airline]]s (such as [[Air Dolomiti]]), low-cost carriers, and Charter and leisure carriers (including [[Neos (airline)|Neos]], [[Blue Panorama Airlines]] and [[Poste Air Cargo]]). Major Italian cargo operators are [[ITA Airways|ITA Airways Cargo]] and [[Cargolux Italia]].

Because of its long seacoast, Italy also has many harbors for the transportation of both goods and passengers. In 2004 there were 43 major seaports including the [[Port of Genoa]], the country's largest and the [[List of busiest ports in Europe|third busiest by cargo tonnage]] in the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. Due to the increasing importance of the maritime [[Silk Road]] with its connections to Asia and East Africa, the Italian ports for [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Eastern Europe]] have become important in recent years. In addition, the trade in goods is shifting from the European northern ports to the ports of the Mediterranean Sea due to the considerable time savings and environmental protection. In particular, the deep water port of [[Trieste]] in the northernmost part of the Mediterranean Sea is the target of Italian, Asian and European investments.<ref name="Hernig">Marcus Hernig: Die Renaissance der Seidenstraße (2018) pp 112.</ref><ref name="Simon">Bernhard Simon: Can The New Silk Road Compete With The Maritime Silk Road? in The Maritime Executive, 1 January 2020.</ref> Transport networks in Italy are integrated into the [[Trans-European Transport Networks]].

== Railways ==
{{main article|Rail transport in Italy}}
{{see also|List of railway companies|List of town tramway systems in Italy|List of trolleybus systems in Italy}}
[[File:Frecciarossa 1000 No' 08.jpg|thumb|[[Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane|FS]]' [[Frecciarossa 1000]] high speed train at [[Milano Centrale railway station]], with a maximum speed of {{convert|400|km/h|0|abbr=on}},<ref>{{cite web |title=Frecciarossa 1000 in Figures |url=http://www.fsitaliane.it/fsi-en/GROUP/Safety-and-Technology/Frecciarossa1000:-the-train-of-the-future/Frecciarossa-1000-in-Figures |publisher=Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane |access-date=24 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218192603/http://www.fsitaliane.it/fsi-en/GROUP/Safety-and-Technology/Frecciarossa1000%3A-the-train-of-the-future/Frecciarossa-1000-in-Figures |archive-date=18 December 2014}}</ref> is one of the fastest trains in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/frecciarossa-1000-very-high-speed-train/ |title=Frecciarossa 1000 Very High-Speed Train |website=Railway Technology |access-date=2016-05-05 |archive-date=9 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809032916/http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/frecciarossa-1000-very-high-speed-train |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/french-train-breaks-speed-record-1.650346 |title=French Train Breaks Speed Record |website=[[CBC News]] |access-date=5 June 2019 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805201116/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/french-train-breaks-speed-record-1.650346 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[File:Sede Centrale FS.jpg|thumb|Head office of the [[Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane]] in Rome]]

The [[Rail transport in Italy|Italian rail network]] is extensive, especially in the north, and it includes a [[high-speed rail]] network that joins the major cities of Italy from [[Naples]] through northern cities such as [[Milan]] and [[Turin]]. Italy has 2,507 people and 12.46&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> per kilometer of rail track, giving Italy the world's 13th largest rail network.<ref name="network-size"/> Italy has 11 rail border crossings over the Alpine mountains with its neighbouring countries.

Higher-speed trains are divided into three categories: [[Frecciarossa]] ({{langx|en|red arrow}}) trains operate at a maximum speed of {{convert|300|km/h|0|abbr=on}} on dedicated high-speed tracks; [[Frecciargento]] ({{langx|en|silver arrow}}) trains operate at a maximum speed of {{convert|250|km/h|0|abbr=on}} on both high-speed and mainline tracks; and [[Frecciabianca]] ({{langx|en|white arrow}}) trains operate on high-speed regional lines at a maximum speed of {{convert|200|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.

The Italian railway system has a length of {{convert|19394|km|abbr=on}}, of which {{convert|18071|km|abbr=on}} [[standard gauge]] and {{convert|11322|km|abbr=on}} electrified. The active lines are {{convert|16723|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name=rete_rfi>{{cite web|title=La rete oggi|url=http://www.rfi.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=25bc8c3e13e0a110VgnVCM10000080a3e90aRCRD|publisher=RFI Rete Ferroviaria Italiana|access-date=15 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204091124/http://www.rfi.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=25bc8c3e13e0a110VgnVCM10000080a3e90aRCRD|archive-date=4 December 2011}}</ref> The network is recently growing with the construction of the new [[High-speed rail in Italy|high-speed rail network]].
The narrow gauge tracks are: 
* {{convert|112|km|abbr=on}} of {{RailGauge|1000mm}} gauge (all electrified);
* {{convert|1211|km|abbr=on}} of {{RailGauge|950mm}} gauge (of which {{convert|153|km|abbr=on}} electrified).

A major part of the Italian rail network is managed and operated by [[Ferrovie dello Stato|Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane]], a state owned company. Other regional agencies, mostly owned by public entities such as [[Regions of Italy|regional governments]], operate on the Italian network. The [[rail tracks]] and infrastructure are managed by [[Rete Ferroviaria Italiana]]. The Italian railways are subsidised by the government, receiving €8.1 billion in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oxera.com/Oxera/media/Oxera/downloads/Agenda/The-age-of-the-train.pdf?ext=.pdf |title=The age of the train |access-date=14 November 2015 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023204/http://www.oxera.com/Oxera/media/Oxera/downloads/Agenda/The-age-of-the-train.pdf?ext=.pdf }}</ref>

Travellers who often make use of the railway during their stay in Italy might use Rail Passes, such as the European Inter-Rail or Italy's national and regional passes. These rail passes allow travellers the freedom to use regional trains during the validity period, but all high-speed and intercity trains require a 10-euro reservation fee. Regional passes, such as "Io viaggio ovunque Lombardia", offer one-day, multiple-day and monthly period of validity. There are also saver passes for adults, who travel as a group, with savings up to 20%. Foreign travellers should purchase these passes in advance, so that the passes could be delivered by post prior to the trip. When using the rail passes, the date of travel needs to be filled in before boarding the trains.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.italiarail.com/rail-passes|title=Rail Passes - ItaliaRail - Italy Train Ticket and Rail Pass Experts|website=italiarail.com|access-date=14 April 2013|archive-date=30 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430161431/http://www.italiarail.com/rail-passes|url-status=live}}</ref>

===High speed trains===
{{Main article|High-speed rail in Italy}}
[[File:Rimessa ferroviaria pistoia 64.jpg|thumb|The original Italian [[FS Class ETR 200|ETR 200]] trainset of the speed world record ({{convert|203|km/h|abbr=on|disp=or}}) in 1938, now preserved as historical train, was re-numbered ETR 232 in the 1960s]]
[[File:FS ETR.500 pair, Firenze S.M.N. (1).JPG|thumb|A pair of [[Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane|FS]]' [[ETR 500]] at [[Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station]]. The version ETR 500 Y1 achieved {{convert|362|km/h|abbr=on}} on the Bologna-Florence line on 4 February 2009, a new world speed record in a tunnel.<ref name="FS355record">{{cite web |url=http://www.corriere.it/cronache/09_febbraio_04/treno_record_galleria_8806fdfa-f2ce-11dd-8878-00144f02aabc.shtml |title=Due record in prova per il Frecciarossa |date=2009-02-04 |publisher=Repubblica |language=it |access-date=2009-02-05}}</ref>]]
[[File:Italo Evo in Venezia.jpg|thumb|{{ill|ETR 675|it|Elettrotreno NTV ETR.675}} ''Italo EVO'' ([[Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori|NTV]]) at [[Venezia Mestre railway station]].]]

The Italian high-speed service began in 1938 with an electric-multiple-unit [[ETR 200]], designed for {{convert|200|km/h|abbr=on}}, between Bologna and Naples. It too reached {{convert|160|km/h|abbr=on}} in commercial service, and achieved a world mean speed record of {{convert|203|km/h|abbr=on}} between Florence and Milan in 1938.

Major works to increase the commercial speed of the trains already started in 1967: the [[Florence–Rome high-speed railway|Rome-Florence "super-direct" line]] was built for trains up to {{convert|230|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, and reduced the journey time to less than two hours. The Florence–Rome high-speed railway was the first high-speed line opened in Europe when more than half of it opened in 1977.

In 2009 a new high-speed line linking Milan and Turin, operating at {{convert|300|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, opened to passenger traffic, reducing the journey time from two hours to one hour. In the same year, the Milan-Bologna line was open, reducing the journey time to 55 minutes. Also the Bologna-Florence high-speed line was upgraded to {{convert|300|km/h|0|abbr=on}} for a journey time of 35 minutes.

Since then, it is possible to travel from Turin to Salerno (ca. {{convert|950|km|abbr=on}}) in less than five hours. More than 100 trains per day are operated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trenitalia.com/tcom/Le-Frecce/Collegamenti-e-servizi-Frecciarossa|title=Viaggia con i treni Frecciarossa e acquista il biglietti a prezzi scontati - Le Frecce - Trenitalia|website=trenitalia.com|language=it|access-date=2017-05-14|archive-date=15 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515170812/http://www.trenitalia.com/tcom/Le-Frecce/Collegamenti-e-servizi-Frecciarossa|url-status=live}}</ref>

The main public operator of high-speed trains (''alta velocità AV'', formerly [[Eurostar Italia]]) is [[Trenitalia]], part of [[Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane|FSI]]. Trains are divided into three categories (called "[[Le Frecce]]"): ''[[Frecciarossa]]'' ("Red arrow") trains operate at a maximum of {{convert|300|km/h|0|abbr=on}} on dedicated high-speed tracks; ''[[Frecciargento]]'' (Silver arrow) trains operate at a maximum of {{convert|250|km/h|0|abbr=on}} on both high-speed and mainline tracks; ''[[Frecciabianca]]'' (White arrow) trains operate at a maximum of {{convert|200|km/h|0|abbr=on}} on mainline tracks only.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.interrail.eu/it/plan-your-trip/tips-and-tricks/trains-europe/high-speed-trains/le-frecce|title=Treno ad alta velocità Le Frecce|access-date=24 September 2024|language=it}}</ref>

Since 2012, a new and Italy's first private train operator, [[Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori|NTV]] (branded as Italo), run high-speed services in competition with [[Trenitalia]]. Even nowadays, Italy is the only country in Europe with a private high-speed train operator.

Construction of the Milan-Venice high-speed line has begun in 2013 and in 2016 the [[Milan–Verona high-speed railway|Milan-Treviglio]] section has been opened to passenger traffic; the Milan-Genoa high-speed line (Terzo Valico dei Giovi) is also under construction.

Today it is possible to travel from Rome to Milan in less than three hours (2h 55') with the [[Frecciarossa 1000]], the new high-speed train. To cover this route, there's a train every 30 minutes.

===Night trains===
{{Main article|Nightjet}}
[[Image:OEBB Nachtzug Strecken streckennetz deutsch 2023.png|thumb|''[[Nightjet]]'' Route Map (2023)]]

The ''[[Nightjet]]'' of the [[ÖBB|Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB)]] serves different big cities in Italy like Rome, Venice, Florence and Milano. The trains can be used for rides inside Italy as well as for journeys abroad.

''Nightjet'' trains offers beds in [[sleeper carriage]]s (Nightjet's most comfortable service category), [[couchette]] carriages, and seated carriages. On certain connections, cars can also be transported on the train. Bikes can be transported in a bike transport bag, or on some connections also in special bike racks.

===Intercity trains===
{{main|Inter-city rail|InterCity}}
[[File:Trains in Napoli Centrale-Garibaldi 18 55 44 221000.jpeg|thumb|An Italian InterCity train at [[Napoli Centrale railway station]]]]
[[File:Inter city train (Rome) in 2023.01.jpg|thumb|An Italian InterCity train at [[Roma Termini railway station]]]]
With the introduction of high-speed trains, intercity trains are limited to few services per day on mainline and regional tracks.

The daytime services (''[[InterCity]]'' IC), while not frequent and limited to one or two trains per route, are essential in providing access to cities and towns off the railway's mainline network. The main routes are [[Trieste]] to [[Rome]] (stopping at [[Venice]], [[Bologna]], [[Prato]], [[Florence]] and [[Arezzo]]), [[Milan]] to Rome (stopping at [[Genoa]], [[La Spezia]], [[Pisa]] and [[Livorno]] / stopping at [[Parma]], [[Modena]], Bologna, Prato, Florence and Arezzo), Bologna to [[Lecce]] (stopping at [[Rimini]], [[Ancona]], [[Pescara]], [[Bari]] and [[Brindisi]]) and Rome to [[Reggio di Calabria]] (stopping at [[Latina, Lazio|Latina]] and [[Naples]]). In addition, the Intercity trains provide a more economical means of long-distance rail travel within Italy.

The night trains (''Intercity Notte'' ICN) have sleeper compartments and washrooms, but no showers on board. Main routes are Rome to [[Bolzano]]/Bozen (calling at Florence, Bologna, [[Verona]], [[Rovereto]] and [[Trento]]), Milan to [[Lecce]] (calling at Piacenza, Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Bologna, Faenza, Forlì, Cesena, Rimini, Ancona, Pescara, Bari and Brindisi), [[Turin]] to Lecce (calling at [[Alessandria]], [[Voghera]], [[Piacenza]], Parma, Bologna, Rimini, Pescara, Termoli, San Severo,Foggia, Barletta, Bisceglie, Molfetta, Bari, Monopoli, Fasano, Ostuni and Brindisi) and Reggio di Calabria to Turin (calling at Naples, Rome, [[Livorno]], La Spezia and Genova). Most portions of these ICN services run during the night; since most services take 10 to 15 hours to complete a one-way journey, their day-time portion provide extra train connections to complement with the Intercity services.

There are a total of 86 intercity trains running within Italy per day.

===Regional trains===
[[File:Fara Sabina - stazione ferroviaria - elettrotreno Trenitalia Rock.jpg|thumb|A [[Trenitalia]] [[Caravaggio (train)|ETR 521 "Rock"]] regional train on [[Florence–Rome railway]] at [[Fara Sabina]]-[[Montelibretti]] station]]
[[File:Trenord ETR 204 010 Palazzolo sull Oglio 20230410.jpg|thumb|A [[Trenord]] Donizetti TN 204 arrives at [[Palazzolo sull'Oglio]] railway station]]
Trenitalia operates regional services (both fast ''veloce RGV'' and stopping ''REG'') throughout Italy.

Regional train agencies exist: their train schedules are largely connected to and shown on Trenitalia, and tickets for such train services can be purchased through Trenitalia's national network. Other regional agencies have separate ticket systems which are not mutually exchangeable with that of Trenitalia. These "regional" tickets could be purchased at local newsagents or tobacco stores instead.

* [[Trentino-Alto Adige]] / Trentino-Südtirol: Südtirol Bahn (South Tyrol Railway) runs regional services on Ala/Ahl-am-Etsch to Bolzano/Bozen (calling at Rovereto/Rofreit, Trento/Trient and Mezzocorona/Kronmetz), Bolzano/Bozen to Merano/Meran, Bressanone/Brixen to San Candido/Innichen, and a direct "Tirol regional express REX" service between Bolzano/Bozen in Italy and Innsbruck in Austria.
* [[Veneto]]: [[Sistemi Territoriali]] runs regional trains in Veneto region.
* [[Lombardy]]: [[Trenord]] runs the [[Malpensa Express]] airport train, many Milan's suburban lines and most regional train services in Lombardy. Trenord also co-operates with [[Deutsche Bahn|DB]] and [[Austrian Federal Railways|ÖBB]] on the EuroCity Verona-Munich service, and with [[Swiss Federal Railways|SBB CFF FFS]] (joint-venture [[Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia|TiLo]]) on the regional Milan-Bellinzona service.
* [[Emilia-Romagna]]: [[Trasporto Passeggeri Emilia-Romagna]] provides vital connections across cities on different mainline networks, including Modena, Parma, Suzzara, Ferrara, Reggio Emilia and Bologna.
* [[Tuscany]]: La Ferroviaria Italiana operates in Arezzo province.
* [[Abruzzo]]: [[Sangritana]] runs daily services between Pescara and Lanciano.

In addition to these agencies, there's a great deal of other little operators, such as [[AMT Genova]] for the Genova-Casella railway.

=== Rail links with adjacent countries ===
[[File:Rail tracks east upper Menton.jpg|thumb|[[Marseille-Ventimiglia railway]], connecting Italy and France]]
[[File:ABe 23 Borgnone 290612 D172.jpg|thumb|[[Domodossola–Locarno railway line]], connecting Italy and Switzerland]]
[[File:Eurocity bei Matrei am Brenner.jpg|thumb|[[Brenner railway]], connecting Italy and Austria]]

Italy has 11 rail border crossings over the [[Alps|Alpine mountains]] with her neighbouring countries: six are designated as mainline tracks and two are metre-gauge tracks. The six mainline border crossings are: two with [[France]] (one for Nice and Marseille; the other for Lyon and Dijon), two with [[Switzerland]] (one for Brig, Bern and Geneva; the other for Chiasso, Lugano, Lucerne and Zürich), and two with Austria (one for Innsbruck; the other for Villach, Graz and Vienna). The two-metre-gauge track crossings are located at the border town of [[Tirano]] (enters Switzerland's Canton Graubünden/Grisons) and Domodossola (enters Switzerland's Locarno).

There is a railway line connecting Italy's northeastern port of [[Trieste]] to [[Slovenia]], but no passenger or freight services operate on this track. Consequently, there is no direct connections between Trieste and [[Ljubljana]], the capital of Slovenia, despite the proximity of both cities.

* Italy-France: [[Marseille-Ventimiglia railway]], currently EuroCity trains of [[Thello]] Milan-Marseille and one [[EuroNight]] train of [[Russian Railways|RZD]] Moscow-Nice.
* Italy-France: [[Fréjus Rail Tunnel]] at {{convert|1338|m|abbr=on}} above sea, currently [[SNCF]] TGV trains Milan-Paris and Turin-Paris and EuroNight trains of [[Thello]] Venice-Paris
* Italy-Switzerland: [[Domodossola–Locarno railway]] metre-gauge trains
* Italy-Switzerland: [[Simplon Tunnel]], currently EuroCity trains of [[Swiss Federal Railways|SBB CFF FFS]] Milan-Geneva and Milan-Bern
* Italy-Switzerland: connecting Varese (Italy) to Bellinzona (Switzerland) and runs on the eastern coast of Lake Maggiore
* Italy-Switzerland: [[Milan–Chiasso railway]], currently EuroCity trains of [[Swiss Federal Railways|SBB CFF FFS]] Milan-Zürich
* Italy-Switzerland: [[Bernina railway]] at {{convert|2253|m|abbr=on}} above sea, metre-gauge trains of [[Rhaetian Railway|RhB]] Tirano-St. Moritz and the Bernina Express tourist train
* Italy-Austria: [[Brenner railway]] at {{convert|1371|m|abbr=on}} above sea, currently EuroCity trains of [[Austrian Federal Railways|ÖBB-DB]] Munich-Verona and Munich-Venice/Bologna, and DB [[CityNightLine]] Munich-Rome/Milan
* Italy-Austria: at {{convert|1175|m|abbr=on}} above sea connecting San Candido/Innichen (Italy) and Lienz (Austria)
* Italy-Austria: connecting Venice and Udine (Italy) to Villach (Austria), currently EuroCity trains of [[Austrian Federal Railways|ÖBB]] Venice-Vienna, EuroNight trains of [[Austrian Federal Railways|ÖBB]] Vienna-Rome/Milan, and DB [[CityNightLine]] Munich-Venice
* Italy-Slovenia: [[Tarvisio–Ljubljana Railway]]

The [[Vatican City]] is also linked to Italy with a railway line serving a single railway station, the [[Vatican City railway station]]. This line is used only for special occasions.<ref name=vat1>{{cite web|title=La Ferrovia dello Stato della Città del Vaticano|url=https://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/sp_ss_scv/ferrovia/ferrovia_it.html#Origini%20della%20Ferrovia%20dello%20Stato%20della%20Citt%E0%20del%20Vaticano|publisher=Sala stampa della Santa Sede|access-date=9 January 2012|language=it|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411005312/http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/sp_ss_scv/ferrovia/ferrovia_it.html#Origini%20della%20Ferrovia%20dello%20Stato%20della%20Citt%E0%20del%20Vaticano|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[San Marino]] used to have a narrow gauge rail connection with Italy; this was dismantled in 1944.<ref>{{cite web|title=la "Ferrovia Rimini - San Marino"|url=http://www.ferroviedismesse.com/rimini_sanmarino.htm|publisher=ferroviedismesse.com|access-date=6 January 2012|language=it|archive-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224052215/http://www.ferroviedismesse.com/rimini_sanmarino.htm}}</ref>

===Stations===
[[File:Roma termini 01.jpg|thumb|[[Roma Termini railway station]]]]
[[File:Milan CentralStation 016 4294.jpg|thumb|[[Milano Centrale railway station]]]]
{{main article|Railway stations in Italy}}
Italy's top ten railway stations by annual passengers are:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Rank
!Railway Station
!Annual entries/exits (millions)
!Number of platforms
!City
!Region
|-
|1||'''[[Roma Termini]]'''||150<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=06c48bc16f09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD|title=Roma Termini - Roma Termini - Grandi Stazioni|access-date=12 November 2022|archive-date=11 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111205858/http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=06c48bc16f09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD}}</ref>|| 32||[[Rome]]||[[Lazio]]
|-
|2||'''[[Milano Centrale]]'''||145<ref>{{cite web |title=Stazione di Milano Centrale - Info Stazione Milano Centrale - Tour Virtuale stazione {{!}} Milano Centrale |url=https://www.milanocentrale.it/it/contatti/about-us/ |website=www.milanocentrale.it |access-date=29 April 2019 |language=it |archive-date=27 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127231714/https://www.milanocentrale.it/it/contatti/about-us/ }}</ref>|| 24||[[Milan]]||[[Lombardy]]
|-
|3||'''[[Torino Porta Nuova]]'''||70<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=3ae94cb9ff09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD|title=Torino Porta Nuova - Torino Porta Nuova - Grandi Stazioni|access-date=12 November 2022|archive-date=15 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615063536/http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=3ae94cb9ff09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD}}</ref>|| 20||[[Turin]]||[[Piedmont]]
|-
|4||'''[[Firenze Santa Maria Novella]]'''||59<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=84db47db3c09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD|title=Firenze S. Maria Novella - Firenze S. Maria Novella - Grandi Stazioni|access-date=12 November 2022|archive-date=9 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509145137/http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=84db47db3c09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD|url-status=live}}</ref>|| 19||[[Florence]]||[[Tuscany]]
|-
|5||'''[[Bologna Centrale]]'''||58<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=d77f0d935b09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD|title=Bologna Centrale - Bologna Centrale - Grandi Stazioni|access-date=12 November 2022|archive-date=10 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210084923/http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=d77f0d935b09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD}}</ref>|| 28||[[Bologna]]||[[Emilia-Romagna]]
|-
|6||'''[[Roma Tiburtina]]'''||51<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=381e2e68ea585310VgnVCM1000008916f90aRCRD|title=Roma Tiburtina - Roma Tiburtina - Grandi Stazioni|access-date=12 November 2022|archive-date=17 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317063511/http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=381e2e68ea585310VgnVCM1000008916f90aRCRD}}</ref>|| 20||[[Rome]]||[[Lazio]]
|-
|7||'''[[Napoli Centrale]]'''||50<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=96d160d1be09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD|title=Napoli Centrale - Napoli Centrale - Grandi Stazioni|access-date=2017-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808234218/http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=96d160d1be09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD|archive-date=2017-08-08}}</ref>|| 25||[[Naples]]||[[Campania]]
|-
|8||'''[[Milano Cadorna]]'''||33.1<ref name=b>Bilancio Sociale "LeNord" 2004-2005</ref>|| 10||[[Milan]]||[[Lombardy]]
|-
|9||'''[[Venezia Mestre railway station|Venezia Mestre]]'''||31<ref name="grandistazioni.it">{{cite web|url=http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=14104cb9ff09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD|title=Venezia Mestre - Venezia Mestre - Grandi Stazioni|access-date=12 November 2022|archive-date=8 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908164929/http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=14104cb9ff09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD}}</ref>|| 13||[[Venice]]||[[Veneto]]
|-
|10||'''[[Venezia Santa Lucia railway station|Venezia Santa Lucia]]'''||30<ref name="grandistazioni.it"/>|| 16||[[Venice]]||[[Veneto]]
|-
|}

== Rapid transit ==
===Metro===
[[File:Inaugurazione metro B1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Rome Metro]]]]
[[File:M4 San Babila appena inaugurata.jpg|thumb|right|[[Milan Metro]]]]
[[File:Toledo (Metropolitana di Napoli L1).jpg|thumb|[[Toledo (Naples Metro)|Toledo station]] on [[Line 1 (Naples Metro)|Line 1]] of the [[Naples Metro]]]]

The [[Rome Metro]] is a [[rapid transit]] system that operates in [[Rome]], [[Italy]]. It started operation in 1955, making it the oldest in the country. The Metro comprises three lines – [[Line A (Rome Metro)|A]] (orange), [[Line B (Rome Metro)|B]] (blue) and [[Line C (Rome Metro)|C]] (green) – which operate on {{convert|60|km|mi|abbr=on}} of route, serving 73 stations.<ref name="ATAP-trasporto">{{cite web |url=http://www.atac.roma.it/page.asp?p=52 |title=Home > Azienda – I numeri di atac – Trasporto pubblico |publisher=[[ATAC (Rome)|ATAC]] |language=it |trans-title=Home > Company – The numbers of ATAC – Public transportation |date=8 November 2014 |access-date=6 April 2015 |archive-date=23 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723131419/http://www.atac.roma.it/page.asp?p=52 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="LineC-Jun2015">{{cite journal |author=Marco Chiandoni |url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/metros/rome-metro-line-c-reaches-lodi.html |title=Rome metro Line C reaches Lodi |journal=[[International Railway Journal]] |date=30 June 2015 |access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref> It has a daily ridership of approximately 820,000 passengers, and an annual traffic of approximately 320 million passengers.<ref name="Pendolaria 2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.legambiente.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Rapporto-Pendolaria-2019.pdf|title=Pendolaria 2019: i dati su tram e metro a Roma di Legambiente|website=legambiente.it|access-date=11 February 2020|language=it}}</ref>

[[Milan Metro]] is the largest rapid transit system in Italy in terms of length, number of stations and ridership; and the fifth longest in the [[European Union]] and the eighth in the [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.milanocittastato.it/trasporti/effetto-m4-la-metro-di-milano-entra-nella-top-europea/?fbclid=IwY2xjawF3U1dleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHXSpIbaPnyiu6v7H7zI_mDyWgUrPadrCjN6GDzfUhPP2dI-Mfj4jLYBecw_aem__7hUFLg35ygwuZipXbL1Vg#goog_rewarded|title=Effetto M4: la metro di Milano entra nella top europea|access-date=12 October 2024|language=it}}</ref> The network consists of five lines (two of which driverless) with a total network length of {{convert|111.8|km|mi}}, and a total of [[List of Milan Metro stations|125 stations]], mostly underground. The first line, [[Milan Metro Line 1|Line 1]], opened in 1964;<ref>Milan Opens Its First Metro ''[[International Railway Journal]]'' February 1965 page 22</ref><ref name="ATM-history">{{cite web |url=http://www.atm.it/en/IlGruppo/LaStoria/Pages/ChiEravamo.aspx |title=ATM's History |publisher=ATM |access-date=9 November 2013 |archive-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202141610/http://www.atm.it/en/IlGruppo/LaStoria/Pages/ChiEravamo.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Milan Metro Line 2|Line 2]] opened 5 years later in 1969,<ref name="ATM-history" /> [[Milan Metro Line 3|Line 3]] in 1990,<ref name="ATM-history" /> [[Milan Metro Line 5|Line 5]] (driverless) in 2013,<ref name="ATM-history-it">{{cite web |url=http://www.atm.it/it/IlGruppo/LaStoria/Pagine/ChiEravamo.aspx |title=La storia |publisher=ATM |language=it |trans-title=The history |access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> and [[Milan Metro Line 4|Line 4]] (driverless) in 2022. 

The [[Naples Metro]] is a rapid transit system serving the city of [[Naples]], [[Campania]], [[Italy]] and some parts of the adjacent ''[[Comune|comuni]]'' of its [[Naples metropolitan area|metropolitan area]] through [[Naples–Aversa railway|Line 11]]. The system comprises three underground rapid transit lines ([[Line 1 (Naples Metro)|Line 1]], [[Line 6 (Naples Metro)|Line 6]] and [[Line 11 (Naples Metro)|Line 11]]). It is the third largest underground network in Italy, behind Milan and Rome. The [[Art Stations of the Naples Metro]] consist of 12 stations along Line 1 and Line 6 of the Naples Metro with art installations. In total, there are more than 250 works of art.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro Art Napoli |url=https://metroart.anm.it/en/ |website=Metro Art Napoli}}</ref> On 30 November 2012, the [[Toledo (Naples Metro)|Toledo station]] was elected by ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' as the most beautiful subway station in Europe and the world,<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=4 February 2016 |title=The most impressive underground railway stations in Europe |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/rail-journeys/The-most-impressive-underground-railway-stations-in-Europe/ |access-date=25 August 2016 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tortora |first=Francesco |date=30 November 2012 |title=La stazione del metrò più bella d'Europa si trova a Napoli |url=https://www.corriere.it/cronache/12_novembre_30/stazioni-metropolitana-belle-materdei-napoli-metro_7204d56c-3afb-11e2-b4fa-74f27e512bd0.shtml |access-date=16 January 2013 |website=[[Corriere della Sera]] |language=it |quote=Il sito del Daily Telegraph di Londra dedica un reportage fotografico alle stazioni della metro più affascinanti d'Europa. Tra le ventidue segnalate, la palma della più bella è assegnata alla fermata Toledo di Napoli, inaugurata lo scorso 12 aprile. |trans-quote=The website of [[The Daily Telegraph]] in London features a photographic report on the most captivating metro stations in Europe. Among the twenty-two highlighted, the title of the most beautiful is awarded to the Toledo station in Naples, inaugurated on April 12.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-21 |title=Europe's Most Beautiful Metro Art Installation Is 130 Feet Underground; All About Toledo Art Station In Naples |url=https://curlytales.com/europes-most-beautiful-metro-art-installation-is-130-feet-underground-all-about-toledo-art-station-in-naples/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Curly Tales |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europe's Most Beautiful Metro Station |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/toledo-art-metro-station-underground |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref> a recognition echoed by [[CNN]]’s rankings;<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2014-02-17 |title=Le stazioni del metr&ograve; pi&ugrave; imponenti d&rsquo;Europa, Napoli in testa |url=https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2014/02/17/foto/le_stazioni_metropolitane_pi_imponenti_deuropa_per_la_cnn_toledo_sempre_prima-78844123/1/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=la Repubblica |language=it}}</ref> while the Materdei station resulted at 13th place.<ref>[http://www.corriere.it/gallery/cronache/11-2012/metro/1/stazioni-metro-piu-belle-d-europa_fb1e925c-3afb-11e2-b4fa-74f27e512bd0.shtml#1 Le stazioni della metro più belle d'Europa - Il Daily Telegraph premia Napoli con le fermate Toledo e Materdei. Accessed on November 30, 2012]</ref>

Seven Italian cities have [[Metro (rapid transit)|metro]] systems:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! City !! Name !! Lines !! Length !! Stations !! Opening
|-
| [[Brescia]] || [[Brescia Metro]] || 1 || {{convert|13.7|km|abbr=on}} || 17 ||2013
|-
| [[Catania]] || [[Catania Metro]] || 1 || {{convert|8.8|km|abbr=on}} || 10 ||1999
|-
| [[Genoa]] || [[Genoa Metro]] || 1 || {{convert|7.1|km|abbr=on}} || 8 ||1990
|-
| [[Milan]] || [[Milan Metro]] || 5 || {{convert|112|km|abbr=on}} || 119 || 1964
|-
| [[Naples]] || [[Naples Metro]] || 3 || {{convert|36.4|km|abbr=on}} || 31 || 1993
|-
| [[Rome]] || [[Rome Metro]] || 3 || {{convert|60|km|abbr=on}} || 75 || 1955
|-
| [[Turin]] || [[Turin Metro]] || 1 || {{convert|15.1|km|abbr=on}} || 23 ||2006
|}

===Commuter rail===
[[File:Milano staz Porta Venezia TSR linea S6.JPG|thumb|A [[Treno Servizio Regionale|TSR]] train at [[Milano Porta Venezia railway station]] on the [[Milan Passerby Railway|Milan Passerby railway]]]]
[[File:I08 119 Bf Napoli Garibaldi, ETR 211.jpg|thumb|A Metrostar train at [[Napoli Garibaldi railway station]] on the [[Circumvesuviana]] railway network]]

15 cities have [[commuter rail]] systems; cities without wikilink are those listed just above for their metro rail system.
* [[Bari]] ([[Bari metropolitan railway service]], 3 lines)
* [[Bologna]] ([[Bologna metropolitan railway service]], 8 lines)
* [[Cagliari]], 1 line
* [[Catanzaro]], 2 lines
* Genoa ([[Genoa urban railway service]], 3 lines)
* [[Messina]], 1 line
* Milan ([[Milan suburban railway service]], 12 lines)
* Naples ([[Naples metropolitan railway service]], 8 lines)
* [[Palermo]] ([[Palermo metropolitan railway service]], 2 lines)
* [[Perugia]], 1 line
* [[Potenza]], 1 line
* [[Reggio Calabria]], 1 line
* Rome ([[FL lines]], 8 lines)
* [[Salerno]] ([[Salerno metropolitan railway service]], 1 line)
* Turin ([[Turin metropolitan railway service]], 8 lines)
* [[Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia]] connects [[Canton Ticino]], [[Switzerland]], and [[Italy]], reaching [[Lombardy|Lombard]] cities like [[Como]] and [[Varese]] and the [[Milan Malpensa Airport]].

=== Airport shuttles ===
{{See also|Leonardo Express|Malpensa Express}}
[[File:Leonardo express 01.jpg|thumb|[[Leonardo Express]] at [[Roma Termini railway station]]]]
[[File:Malpensa-Express ETR 245-501 (24201808984).jpg|thumb|[[Malpensa Express]] at [[Milano Centrale railway station]]]]

Airport shuttle buses are highly developed and convenient for rail travellers. Most airports in Italy are not connected to the railway network, except for [[Rome Fiumicino Airport]], [[Milan Malpensa Airport]] and [[Turin Caselle Airport]]. In [[Bologna]], there is the monorail [[Marconi Express]], connecting [[Bologna Airport]] to the main [[Bologna Centrale railway station|railway station]]. [[Linate Airport]] in Milan has been connected to [[Milan Metro Line 4|line 4]] of the [[Milan Metro]] since 2022.

* Venice: Venezia-Mestre station - Marco Polo Airport (50 minutes) and Treviso Airport
* Milan: Milano Centrale station - Malpensa Airport (1 hour 5 minutes), Linate Airport (35 minutes) and Milan Bergamo Airport (1 hour)
* Brescia: Brescia station - Milan Bergamo Airport (1 hour)
* Rome: Rome Termini station - Fiumicino Airport (31 minutes)
* Verona: Verona Porta Nuova station - Villafranca "Catullo" Airport (20 minutes)
* Bologna: Centrale station - Bologna Airport (20 minutes) - Route modified in November 2020. It shifted from route BLQ (Bologna Centrale Station-Bologna Airport) to route 944 Ospedale Maggiore-Bologna Airport
* Pescara Centrale station - Abruzzo Airport (10 minutes)
* Pisa: Pisa Centrale station - San Giusto Airport (5 minutes)
* Florence: Firenze S M Novella station - Florence Airport

===Tram-train===
{{see also|Tram-train}}
[[File:Řím, Porta Maggiore, úzkorozchodná elektrická jednotka.jpg|thumb|[[Rome–Giardinetti railway]]]]
[[File:Sasstram.jpg|thumb|[[Metrosassari]]]]

2 cities have [[tram-train]] system, [[Rome]] and [[Sassari]]. The [[Rome–Giardinetti railway]] connects [[Termini-Laziali (Rome–Giardinetti railway)|Laziali]] (a regional train station some {{Convert|800|m|ft|0}} from [[Roma Termini railway station|Termini]]'s main concourse) with Giardinetti to the east just past the [[Grande Raccordo Anulare]], Rome's orbital motorway.<ref>{{cite web|title=Il Libro Giallo del Trenino|url=http://www.cityrailways.net/studi-e-tecnica/2015/2/10/il-libro-giallo-del-trenino.html|website=CityRailways|access-date=2015-04-22|language=Italian}}</ref> It is run by [[ATAC (Rome)|ATAC]], the company responsible for public transportation in the city, which also operates the [[Rome Metro]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Piccirilli|first1=Antonio|title=Un 'carro bestiame' nel cuore della città: quale futuro per la Roma-Giardinetti?|url=http://pigneto.romatoday.it/trenino-laziali-tra-insicurezza-e-degrado.html|access-date=2015-04-22|newspaper=Roma Today|date=25 June 2013|language=Italian}}</ref> The present railway is the only part of the old and longer [[Rome–Fiuggi–Alatri–Frosinone railway]] to be in service. The latest shortening of the line occurred in 2008 with the closing of the Giardinetti–Pantano section, which has now become part of the [[Line C (Rome Metro)|Metro Line C]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/roma/cronaca/metro_c_atac_sindaco_apertura_pantano_centocelle-686804.html|title=Metro C, apre la Pantano-Centocelle: folla di romani all'inaugurazione|access-date=2018-07-23}}</ref> The line had been due to be dismantled in 2016 to be replaced with a bus lane along Via Casilina,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bisbiglia|first1=Vincenzo|title=Trenino Roma-Giardinetti, la corsa è finita|url=http://www.iltempo.it/roma-capitale/cronaca/2015/01/25/trenino-roma-giardinetti-la-corsa-e-finita-1.1371736|access-date=2015-04-22|newspaper=Il Tempo|date=25 January 2015|language=Italian|archive-date=28 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128184518/http://www.iltempo.it/roma-capitale/cronaca/2015/01/25/trenino-roma-giardinetti-la-corsa-e-finita-1.1371736}}</ref> but in March 2015 it was announced that the line would instead be retained and modernised.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sina|first1=Ylenia|title=La Roma Giardinetti devierà sulla Togliatti: destinazione Tor Vergata|url=http://www.romatoday.it/politica/roma-giardinetti-tor-vergata-torre-spaccata-torre-maura.html|access-date=2015-04-22|newspaper=Roma Today|date=19 March 2015|language=Italian}}</ref>

[[Metrosassari]],<ref>{{in lang|it}} [http://arst.sardegna.it/orari_e_autolinee/servizimetross.html ARST - Metrosassari]</ref><ref>{{in lang|it}} [http://www.atpsassari.it/informations.asp?id=227 Azienda Trasporti Pubblici Sassari - Informazioni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201000521/http://www.atpsassari.it/informations.asp?id=227 |date=1 February 2016 }}</ref> also called ''Sassari tramway'', ''Sassari tram-train'' or ''Sassari metro-tramway'' ({{Langx|it|Metrotranvia di Sassari}} or {{lang|it|Metropolitana leggera di Sassari}}) is the commercial name of a [[tram-train]]<ref>{{in lang|it}} [http://www.cityrailways.it/storage/pdf/Tram_treno_vol_1_v.2.pdf Andrea Spinosa - Progetto tram-treno] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109224453/http://www.cityrailways.it/storage/pdf/Tram_treno_vol_1_v.2.pdf |date=9 November 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{in lang|it}}[http://www.psbenevento.it/Materiali/bestpum/sassari.pdf Comune di Benevento - SCHEDA n° 2 Sassari, Italia, Tram Treno]</ref><ref>{{in lang|it}} Elena Molinaro, [http://www.asstra.it/asstrasql/bannerhp/attibologna/8-2.pdf ''Linee guida tram treno'']{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, atti del 5º convegno nazionale Sistema Tram, Roma, 1 gennaio – 1 febbraio 2013.</ref> line in [[Sassari]], [[Sardinia]], Italy, operated by the regional public transport company ''ARST'' (''Azienda Regionale Sarda Trasporti''). Despite having been built in the early 2000s, in the urban section the line was built with single track and [[narrow gauge]], to connect with the same {{RailGauge|950mm}} gauge used in the secondary railway lines in Sardinia. The {{convert|2.45|km|abbr=on}} tramway part of the line (''[[Sassari railway station|Stazione]]'' - ''Emiciclo Garibaldi'') opened in October 2006, linking the railway station with the city centre via the hospital district.<ref>{{cite news| title=Metros January 2007| url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//metros-january-2007.html| work=[[Railway Gazette International]]| date=1 January 2007| access-date=27 July 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809093408/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/metros-january-2007.html| archive-date=9 August 2011}}</ref> On 27 September 2009 the line was extended into the peripheral district of Santa Maria di Pisa, running on the electrified portion<ref>{{in lang|it}} [http://www.lestradeferrate.it/34mono/34smariapisa.htm Lestradeferrate.it - Stazione di Santa Maria di Pisa]</ref> of the [[Sassari–Sorso railway]].<ref>{{in lang|it}} ''Tram oltre Sassari''. In: ″I Treni″ Nr. 320 (November 2009), p. 8.</ref> The main part of the network is in 2013 in advanced development phase. It is under construction is the extension of the line from Santa Maria di Pisa to Li Punti and Baldinca, and the electrification of the railway to [[Sorso]], 10&nbsp;km from Sassari. It is also planned to convert and electrify the 28&nbsp;km Sassari-Alghero railway to allow the trams to reach the village of [[Olmedo, Sardinia|Olmedo]], [[Fertilia Airport]] and the town of [[Alghero]].

== Roads ==
{{main article|Roads in Italy}}
[[File:Rete autostradale italiana con superstrade.svg|thumb|Network of [[motorways]] (in green) and [[Limited-access road|expressways]] (in blue) longer than {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}} in Italy]]
[[Roads in Italy]] are an important mode of transport in Italy. The classification of the roads of [[Italy]] is regulated by the Italian [[traffic code]], both from a technical and administrative point of view. The street nomenclature largely reflects the administrative classification. Italy's paved road network is well developed.

Italy is one of the countries with the most vehicles per capita, with 690 per 1000 people in 2010.<ref name=Wards11>{{cite news|url=http://wardsauto.com/ar/world_vehicle_population_110815/|title=World Vehicle Population Tops 1 Billion Units|author=John Sousanis|work=[[Ward's|Ward AutoWorld]]|date=15 August 2011|access-date=27 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827104934/http://wardsauto.com/ar/world_vehicle_population_110815/|archive-date=27 August 2011}}</ref><ref>See also: [[List of countries by vehicles per capita]]</ref>  Italy has a total of {{convert|487700|km|abbr=on}} of paved roads, of which {{convert|7016|km|abbr=on}} are [[motorway]]s with a general speed limit of {{convert|130|km/h|abbr=on}}, which since 2009 was provisioned for extension up to {{convert|150|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>Art. 142 Traffic Regulation</ref> The speed limit in towns is usually {{convert|50|km/h|abbr=on}} and less commonly {{convert|30|km/h|abbr=on}}.

===Technical classification===
====Motorways====
{{main|Autostrade of Italy}}
[[File:Autostrada del Sole - Italy - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|Autostrada A1]] runs through [[Italy]] linking some of the [[List of cities in Italy|largest cities of the country]]: [[Milan]], [[Bologna]], [[Florence]], [[Rome]] and [[Naples]].]]
[[File:Autostrada A20 Torregrotta.jpg|thumb|[[Autostrada A20 (Italy)|Autostrada A20]] runs through the island of [[Sicily]] linking [[Palermo]] to [[Messina]].]]

Italy was the first country in the world to build [[motorway]]s, the so-called ''[[Autostrade of Italy|autostrade]]'', reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only.<ref name=independent/><ref name="motorwebmuseum"/> The ''[[Autostrada dei Laghi]]''  ("Lakes Motorway"), the first built in the world, connecting [[Milan]] to [[Lake Como]] and [[Lake Maggiore]], and now parts of the [[Autostrada A8 (Italy)|Autostrada A8]] and the [[Autostrada A9 (Italy)|Autostrada A9]], was devised by [[Piero Puricelli]] and was inaugurated in 1924.<ref name="motorwebmuseum"/>

Other motorways (or ''autostrade'') built before [[World War II]] in [[Italy]] were [[Naples]]-[[Pompeii]], [[Florence]]-[[Pisa]], [[Padua]]-[[Venice]], [[Milan]]-[[Turin]], Milan-[[Bergamo]]-[[Brescia]] and [[Rome]]-[[Ostia (quarter of Rome)|Ostia]]. The total length of the [[Autostrade of Italy|Italian motorway system]] is about {{convert|7016|km|abbr=on}}, as of 30 July 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aggiornamenti sull'evoluzione del regolamento europeo (AFIR) per la modifica della direttiva europea in materia di combustibili alternativi (DAFI) |trans-title=Updates on the evolution of the European regulation (AFIR) for the amendment of the European directive on alternative fuels (DAFI) |publisher=AISCAT |language=it |url=https://www.aiscat.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/AISCAT-1_2_2022-Edizione-Trimestrale.pdf |access-date=14 March 2024 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728051041/https://www.aiscat.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/AISCAT-1_2_2022-Edizione-Trimestrale.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> To these data are added 13 motorway [[spur route]]s, which extend for {{convert|355|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="LE AUTOSTRADE">{{Cite web |url=https://www.stradeanas.it/it/le-strade/la-rete-anas/le-autostrade |title=LE AUTOSTRADE |access-date=14 March 2024 |archive-date=14 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114204559/https://www.stradeanas.it/it/le-strade/la-rete-anas/le-autostrade |url-status=live }}</ref> The density is {{convert|22.4|km|abbr=on}} of motorway for every {{convert|1000|km2}} of Italian territory.<ref name="Le strade dell'informazione">{{cite web|url=http://www.lestradedellinformazione.it/acm-on-line/Home/PrimoPiano/articolo4795.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804095215/http://www.lestradedellinformazione.it/acm-on-line/Home/PrimoPiano/articolo4795.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 August 2012|title=Le strade dell'informazione|access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref>

Italy was the first country in the world to build [[motorway]]s, the so-called ''[[Autostrade of Italy|autostrade]]'', reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only.<ref name="independent"/><ref name="motorwebmuseum"/> The ''[[Autostrada dei Laghi]]''  ("Lakes Motorway"), the first built in the world, connecting [[Milan]] to [[Lake Como]] and [[Lake Maggiore]], and now parts of the [[Autostrada A8 (Italy)|Autostrada A8]] and the [[Autostrada A9 (Italy)|Autostrada A9]], was devised by [[Piero Puricelli]] and was inaugurated in 1924.<ref name="motorwebmuseum"/>

Other motorways (or ''autostrade'') built before [[World War II]] in [[Italy]] were [[Naples]]-[[Pompeii]], [[Florence]]-[[Pisa]], [[Padua]]-[[Venice]], [[Milan]]-[[Turin]], Milan-[[Bergamo]]-[[Brescia]] and [[Rome]]-[[Ostia (quarter of Rome)|Ostia]]. The total length of the [[Autostrade of Italy|Italian motorway system]] is about {{convert|7016|km|abbr=on}}, as of 30 July 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aggiornamenti sull'evoluzione del regolamento europeo (AFIR) per la modifica della direttiva europea in materia di combustibili alternativi (DAFI) |trans-title=Updates on the evolution of the European regulation (AFIR) for the amendment of the European directive on alternative fuels (DAFI) |publisher=AISCAT |language=it |url=https://www.aiscat.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/AISCAT-1_2_2022-Edizione-Trimestrale.pdf |access-date=14 March 2024 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728051041/https://www.aiscat.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/AISCAT-1_2_2022-Edizione-Trimestrale.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> To these data are added 13 motorway [[spur route]]s, which extend for {{convert|355|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="LE AUTOSTRADE"/> The density is {{convert|22.4|km|abbr=on}} of motorway for every {{convert|1000|km2}} of Italian territory.<ref name="Le strade dell'informazione"/>

In particular, {{convert|1870.2|km|abbr=on}} of the Italian motorway network have three lanes per carriageway, {{convert|129|km|abbr=on}} km have four lanes per carriageway, {{convert|1.8|km|abbr=on}} have five lanes per carriageway, while the remaining part is two lanes per carriageway.<ref name="aiscat2">{{Cite web |url=http://aiscat.it/pubblicazioni/downloads/trim_3-4_2017.pdf |title=L'EVOLUZIONE DEL PEDAGGIO E DEI MECCANISMI DI ESAZIONE |access-date=23 October 2018 |archive-date=23 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023161908/http://aiscat.it/pubblicazioni/downloads/trim_3-4_2017.pdf |language=it}}</ref> The density is {{convert|22.4|km|abbr=on}} of motorway for every {{convert|1000|km2|abbr=on}} of Italian territory.<ref name="estradedellinformazione">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lestradedellinformazione.it/acm-on-line/Home/PrimoPiano/articolo4795.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804095215/http://www.lestradedellinformazione.it/acm-on-line/Home/PrimoPiano/articolo4795.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 August 2012|title=Le strade dell'informazione|access-date=5 March 2024|language=it}}</ref>

Italian motorways (or ''autostrade'') are mostly managed by concessionaire companies. From 1 October 2012 the granting body is the [[Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (Italy)|Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport]] and no longer [[Anas (company)|Anas]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/content/index/arg/convenzioni_societa|title=nas S.p.A. - Le società concessionarie|access-date=3 March 2024|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402100935/http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/content/index/arg/convenzioni_societa|url-status=live}}</ref> and the majority ({{convert|5773.4|km|abbr=on}} in 2009<ref name=luz>{{cite web|url=http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/news/download/file/1617|title=Ispettorato Vigilanza Concessioni Autostradali - Attività ed obiettivi|access-date=3 March 2024|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062414/http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/news/download/file/1617|url-status=live}}</ref>) are subject to [[Toll (fee)|toll]] payments. On Italian motorways, the [[Toll (fee)|toll]] applies to almost all motorways not managed by [[Anas (company)|Anas]]. The collection of motorway tolls, from a tariff point of view, is managed mainly in two ways: either through the "closed motorway system" (km travelled) or through the "open motorway system" (flat-rate toll).<ref name="autostrade.it">[http://www.autostrade.it/il-pedaggio/come-si-calcola.html?initPosAra=4_1 Come si calcola il pedaggio - Autostrade per l'Italia S.p.A] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406014722/http://www.autostrade.it/il-pedaggio/come-si-calcola.html?initPosAra=4_1 |date=6 April 2010 }}</ref>

Italy's motorways (or ''autostrade'') have a standard speed limit of {{cvt|130|km/h|mph|round=5}} for cars. Limits for other vehicles (or when visibility is poor due to weather) are lower. Legal provisions allow operators to set the limit to {{cvt|150|km/h|mph|round=5}} on their concessions on a voluntary basis if there are three lanes in each direction and a working [[SPECS (speed camera)|SICVE]], or Safety Tutor, which is a speed-camera system that measures the average speed over a given distance.

====Extra-urban roads====
[[File:Via_aurelia_presso_livorno_02.JPG|thumb|The stretch from [[Grosseto]] to [[Livorno]] of the [[Strada statale 1 Via Aurelia]] is classified as ''[[strada extraurbana principale]]''.]]

In Italy, a [[dual carriageway]] is often called ''superstrada'' (meaning ''expressway''), but this name is unofficial. Italian [[traffic code]] (''Codice della strada'') divides extra-urban dual carriageways into two different classifications:<ref name="aci">{{cite web |url= http://www.aci.it/index.php?id=460 |title= Codice della strada della Repubblica Italiana |trans-title= Italian Highway Code |author= Automobile Club Italia |access-date= 1 February 2010 |language= it |archive-date= 16 July 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110716191150/http://www.aci.it/index.php?id=460 |url-status= live }}</ref>
* ''[[strada extraurbana principale]]'' (meaning ''main highway'') or ''type-B road'': a road with separate carriageways, at least two lanes for each direction, paved shoulder on the right and no cross-traffic. This type of road is quite similar to an ''[[autostrada]]'' or ''type-A road'' (Italian official name for [[motorway]]s or [[freeway]]s), but its building standards are lower. Access limitations and drive behaviour on type-B roads are the same as the motorways (no pedestrians, bicycles and other slow vehicles), as well as the signage (except for the background color, that is blue instead of green). Speed limits on type-B roads are up to {{cvt|110|km/h|mph|round=5}}. Type-B roads are always toll-free.
* ''strada extraurbana secondaria'' (meaning ''secondary road'') or ''type-C road''. This category contains all the roads in non-urban context that are neither ''autostrada'' (type A) nor ''strada extraurbana principale'' (type B). This means that a dual carriageway that may not be classified as type-B road, since it does not meet such quality standards, belongs to this category. For type-C roads, there are neither special signage nor access restrictions, unless a specific sign is placed. The speed limit is {{cvt|90|km/h|mph|round=5}}, on both single and dual carriageways.

====Urban roads====
[[File:Rom 2011-08-by-RaBoe-13.jpg|thumb|[[Via Cristoforo Colombo]] at [[Porta Ardeatina]] in [[Rome]], classified as ''strada urbana di scorrimento'']]

These are the roads present within inhabited centers. Urban roads are of three types:<ref name="aci"/>
* ''strada urbana di scorrimento'' (meaning ''urban expressway'') or ''type-D road'': a road in urban context, with separate carriageways, and at least two lanes for each direction. At-level junctions with smaller roads, regulated by traffic lights, are allowed as well as [[roundabout]]s. Unless a prohibition sign is placed, there are not access restrictions. Speed limits on this type of road are up to {{cvt|70|km/h|mph|round=5}}.
* ''strada urbana di quartiere'' (meaning ''urban neighborhood road'') or ''type E road'': single carriageway road with at least two lanes, paved shoulders and sidewalks; for parking there are areas equipped with a special maneuvering lane, outside the roadway;
** ''strada urbana ciclabile'' (meaning ''urban cycle road'') or ''type E-bis road'': urban road with a single carriageway, with paved shoulders and sidewalks, with a speed limit of no more than 30&nbsp;km/h, defined by specific vertical and horizontal signs, with priority for bicycles.
* ''strada locale'' (meaning ''local road'') or ''type F road'': urban or extra-urban road not belonging to the other types of roads;
** ''strada vicinale'': is a privately owned road of local interest located outside the town centre. In Italy the local road is a de facto communication route built to access a series of plots of land, or generally to connect to a road.
** ''itinerario ciclopedonale''  (meaning ''cycle/pedestrian itinerary'') or ''type F-bis road'': local, urban, extra-urban or local road, mainly intended for pedestrian and cycle travel, and characterized by intrinsic safety to protect vulnerable road users.

===Administrative classification===
====State roads====
{{main|State highways (Italy)}}
[[File:Soraga 001.JPG|thumb|[[Strada statale 48 delle Dolomiti]]]]
[[File:Amalfitana 13.jpg|thumb|[[Strada statale 163 Amalfitana]]]]

The [[State highways (Italy)|Strade Statali]] ({{IPA|it|ˈstraːde staˈtaːli|lang}}; {{singular}} {{lang|it|Strada Statale}} {{IPA|it|ˈstraːda staˈtaːle|}}), abbreviated "SS", is the [[Italy|Italian]] national network of [[state highway]]s. The total length for this network is about {{convert|25000|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="stradeanas.it">{{cite web|url=http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/strade/consistenza/index|title=Anas S.p.A. - Consistenza|access-date=19 March 2024|language=it|archive-date=19 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085042/http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?%2Fstrade%2Fconsistenza%2Findex|url-status=live}}</ref> The Italian state highway network are maintained by [[ANAS]]. From 1928 until 1946 state highways were maintained by Azienda Autonoma Statale della Strada (AASS). The routes of some state highways derive from ancient [[Roman roads]], such as the [[Strada statale 7 Via Appia]], which broadly follows the route of the [[Appian Way|Roman road of the same name]].

State highways can be technically defined as main extra-urban roads (type B road) or as secondary extra-urban roads (type C road). State highways that cross towns with a population of at least 10,000 inhabitants are urban roads (type D and E) under the jurisdiction of the relevant ''[[comuni]]''. The state highway that cross towns or villages with a population of less than 10,000 inhabitants are urban roads (type D and E) under the jurisdiction of the ''comune'', subject to authorization from [[ANAS]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.normattiva.it/atto/caricaDettaglioAtto?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=1992-05-18&atto.codiceRedazionale=092G0306&currentPage=1|title=Art. 26, comma 3, d. lgs. 385/92, Nuovo Codice della Strada|access-date=19 March 2024|language=it|archive-date=1 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001153421/https://www.normattiva.it/atto/caricaDettaglioAtto?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=1992-05-18&atto.codiceRedazionale=092G0306&currentPage=1|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Italian state highway network has approximately {{convert|25000|km|abbr=on}} of roads identified with the acronym SS.<ref name="stradeanas.it"/> The body that manages these roads, with full state participation, is [[ANAS]] (National Autonomous Roads Company), founded in 1946, on the ashes of the old AASS (Autonomous State Roads Company) which in turn was established in 1928. Due to urbanization processes, it has abandoned some sections of state highways, following their acquisition by the interested ''[[comuni]]'', who now take care of their maintenance.

====Regional roads====
{{main|Regional road (Italy)}}
[[File:SR 351 Friûl.jpg|thumb|Regional road number 351 (SR 351) in [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]]]
[[File:DRONE - Il piave dall'alto - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Regional road number 53 (SR 53) in [[Veneto]]]]

A [[Regional road (Italy)|Strada Regionale]] ([[Italian language|Italian]] for "regional road"; {{Plural abbr}} "strade regionali"), abbreviated SR, is a type of [[Italy|Italian]] [[road]] maintained by the [[regions of Italy|regions]] they traverse. A regional road is less important than a [[state highway (Italy)|state highway]], but more important than a [[Provincial road (Italy)|provincial road]]. The concept of regional road was introduced for the first time in Italy, limited to the autonomous region of [[Aosta Valley]] (where no provincial body exists), with regional law no. 1 of 10 October 1950.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consiglio.regione.vda.it/banche_dati/leggi_regolamenti/dettaglio_i.asp?pk_lr=273&versione=S|title=Consiglio Regionale della Valle d'Aosta - Legge regionale 10 ottobre 1950, n. 1 - Testo storico|access-date=23 March 2024|language=it}}</ref>

The first roads (excluding Aosta Valley) classified as SR (acronym for ''strada regionale''; "regional road") were created following legislative decree no. 112 of 1998, in 2001. In particular, articles 99 and 101 provided for the transfer of ownership and responsibilities relating to [[State highways (Italy)|state highways]] not included in the national road network from the State to the regions, which then regulated the matter autonomously. For organizational reasons, many regions have entrusted the former state highways to the [[Provinces of Italy|provinces]], while maintaining the acronym SR.

In addition to these regional roads created following the downgrading of the state network, there are regional roads immediately classified as such (for example SR 6 in [[Apulia]] although subsequently downgraded to provincial) or former provincial regional roads such as SR 89, ex SP 62, in [[Veneto]].

The regional roads can be technically classified as ''[[strade extraurbane principali]]'' (type B road; "main extra-urban roads") or as ''strade extraurbane secondarie'' (type C road; "secondary extra-urban roads"). If they cross inhabited centers with a population greater than 9,999 inhabitants, they are roads under municipal jurisdiction and therefore urban (type D and E). If they pass through centers or inhabited areas with a population of less than 9,999 inhabitants, they are urban (type D and E), but the responsibility remains with the manager.

In addition to the roads identified by the acronym SR, there are roads managed by the region but identified by the acronym SP (for example, many SPs in the [[province of Belluno]] are managed by the Veneto Strade company with a 30% stake in the region of the same name).

====Provincial roads====
{{main|Provincial road (Italy)}}
[[File:SP23 Italia Strada Provinciale 23 principessa 2.jpg|thumb|Provincial road number 23 (SP 23) in the [[province of Livorno]] ([[Tuscany]] region)]]

A [[Provincial road (Italy)|Strada Provinciale]] ([[Italian language|Italian]] for "provincial road"; {{Plural abbr}} "strade provinciali"), abbreviated SP, is an Italian road that is maintained by [[provinces of Italy|province]]s or [[Metropolitan cities of Italy|metropolitan cities]]. In [[Veneto]] from 2002, [[state highway (Italy)|state highways]] downgraded as provincial roads are maintained by the regional company [[Veneto Strade]]. A provincial road is less important than a [[regional road (Italy)|regional road]], but more important than [[Strada Comunale|municipal roads]].

Before the entry into force of the new Italian [[traffic code]] (legislative decree n° 285 of 30 April 1992) the provincial classification of a road had to take place by decree of the [[Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (Italy)|Minister of Public Works]]; over the years, this has made the same procedures too centralized and therefore slower and more difficult, until the new Italian traffic code assigned the competence on classification to the [[Regions of Italy|regions]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.it/index.php?id=460|title=Automobile Club d'Italia: art. 2. Definizione e classificazione delle strade|access-date=23 March 2024|language=it|archive-date=21 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921191821/https://www.aci.it/index.php?id=460|url-status=live}}</ref> ([[Veneto]], however, has further devolved the competences of classification and declassification to the provinces themselves).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consiglioveneto.it/crvportal/leggi/2001/01lr0011.html|title=Articolo 94 della legge regionale 13 aprile 2001, n. 11 (BUR n. 35/2001)|access-date=23 March 2024|language=it|archive-date=20 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220012755/http://www.consiglioveneto.it/crvportal/leggi/2001/01lr0011.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Municipal roads====
{{main|Municipal road (Italy)}}
[[File:Corso Buenos Aires in Milan.jpg|thumb|[[Corso Buenos Aires]] in [[Milan]], an urban municipal road]]

A [[Municipal road (Italy)|Strada Comunale]] ([[Italian language|Italian]] for "municipal road"; {{Plural abbr}} "strade comunali"), abbreviated SC, is an Italian road that is maintained by ''[[comune]]'', hence the name. They can be roads owned by ''comune'' (inside population centers) or roads managed by the ''comune'' (outside population centers). The category of strade comunali includes extra-urban roads considered to be of municipal importance, all urban roads as well as the urban sections of [[State highways (Italy)|state]], [[Regional road (Italy)|regional]] or [[Provincial road (Italy)|provincial]] roads, which pass through centers with 10,000 or more inhabitants. The urban sections of state, regional or provincial roads that pass through towns with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants are not municipal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aci.it/i-servizi/normative/codice-della-strada/titolo-i-disposizioni-generali/art-2-definizione-e-classificazione-delle-strade.html|title=Definizione e classificazione delle strade.|access-date=25 March 2024|language=it|archive-date=27 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227151738/https://www.aci.it/i-servizi/normative/codice-della-strada/titolo-i-disposizioni-generali/art-2-definizione-e-classificazione-delle-strade.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Strade comunali within inhabited centers can be classified from a construction-technical point of view either as urban roads (type D and E) or as local roads (type F). Extra-urban municipal roads (outside inhabited centers) can be technically classified as ''[[strade extraurbane principali]]'' (type B; "main extra-urban roads"), ''strade extraurbane secondarie'' (type C; "secondary extra-urban roads"), ''strade urbane di scorrimento'' (type D; "urban traffic roads") or ''strada locale'' (type F; local roads).<ref name="aci"/>

===Other classifications===
These classifications are not provided for by the Italian [[traffic code]].

====Major communication road====
[[File:SGC FI-PI-LI 15.JPG|thumb|''Strada di grande comunicazione'' [[Florence]]-[[Pisa]]-[[Livorno]]]]

In Italy, some roads of national importance are called ''strada di grande comunicazione'' (abbreviated to SGC; "major communication roads"), an expression coined by the [[Touring Club Italiano]] and used in its maps and publications since the 1920s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/news/download/file/491|title=CRONOLOGIA DEGLI 80 ANNI DELL'ANAS|access-date=29 March 2024|language=it|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171759/http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?%2Fnews%2Fdownload%2Ffile%2F491|url-status=live}}</ref>

Law no. 126 of 12 February 1958, as amended by law no. 167 of 9 April 1971, classified state roads either as major trunk roads or as ordinary state roads.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.periti.info/legge/280.html|title=Modifiche ed integrazioni alle leggi 12 febbraio 1958, n. 126, 7 febbraio 1961, n. 59, e 21 aprile 1962, n. 181, concernenti l'Azienda nazionale autonoma delle strade e la viabilità comunale e provinciale.|date=24 April 1971|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911064254/http://www.periti.info/legge/280.html|archive-date=11 September 2012|language=it}}</ref>

For law n. 531 of 12 August 1982 (GU no. 223 of 14/08/1982), the main roads were classified as motorways, Alpine tunnels, motorway junctions, and roads that connect the main road network with the neighboring states, roads that constitute the major routes of national traffic (including Sicily and Sardinia), roads that constitute the main inter-regional connections and roads connecting to the first category ports and the most important airports.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.italgiure.giustizia.it/nir/lexs/1982/lexs_283228.html|title=Legge n°531 del 12 agosto 1982|access-date=29 March 2024|language=it}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}</ref>

The acronym SGC is not used to identify other types of roads (as is the case with the acronyms A, SS, SR, SP) but is used in address documents.

====Superstrada====
[[File:Serrenti - SS131 Carlo Felice.jpg|thumb|The ''superstrada'' [[Cagliari]]-[[Porto Torres]] ([[Strada statale 131 Carlo Felice]]), the main road artery of [[Sardinia]]]]

A ''superstrada'' ("super road") is a fast road, often with separate carriageways in each direction, reserved for the circulation of motor vehicles and without at-grade intersections and urban crossings. The colloquial classification of ''superstrada'' refers to all roads classified ''technically'' as main extra-urban roads and, in general, to secondary two-lane extra-urban roads.

===European classification===
[[File:A22 Autostrada - Brenner Pass from Verona to Bolzano (5994736833).jpg|thumb|[[Autostrada A22 (Italy)|Autostrada A22]] (part of the [[European route E45]])]]

Some Italian roads, if they are part of the [[International E-road network]], are also identified by another alphanumeric abbreviation. This acronym is made up of the letter "E" and one or two digits. The symbol used is a rectangle with a green background with the acronym in white. This classification, which evaluates the importance (being neither a technical nor an administrative classification) of the road in the [[European Union]], complements the usual Italian ones. European road acronyms are mostly absent or reported inorganically on signs in Italy. The European classification is foreseen by the Italian traffic code which defines it as additional.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gazzette.comune.jesi.an.it/2000/215/2.htm|title=Aggiornamento rete europea in Italia con tutte le leggi relative|language=it|access-date=29 March 2024|archive-date=21 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121134556/http://gazzette.comune.jesi.an.it/2000/215/2.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Toll roads===
In Italy the only [[toll road]]s are the ''[[autostrada|autostrade]]'' (Italian for [[motorways]]). Major exceptions are the beltways around some larger cities (''tangenziali'') which are not part of a thoroughfare motorway, and the section of the A3 motorway between [[Salerno]] and [[Reggio di Calabria]] which is operated by the government-owned [[ANAS]]. Both are [[Toll (fee)|toll]] free.

On Italian motorways, the toll applies to almost all motorways not managed by [[Anas (company)|Anas]]. The collection of motorway tolls, from a tariff point of view, is managed mainly in two ways: either through the "closed motorway system" (km travelled) or through the "open motorway system" (flat-rate toll).<ref name="autostrade.it"/>

== Waterways ==
[[File:Lago Maggiore Traghetto.JPG|thumb|Car ferry across [[Lake Maggiore]] from [[Verbania]] ([[Piedmont]]) to [[Laveno]] ([[Lombardy]]). In the background [[Monte Rosa]] mountain chain and Verbania]]

Italy has {{convert|2400|km|0|abbr=on}} of navigable waterways for various types of commercial traffic, although of limited overall value.<ref name=cia1>{{cite web|title=Italy|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/italy/|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|access-date=8 January 2012|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701235642/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/italy/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the northern regions of [[Lombardy]] and [[Veneto]], commuter ferry boats operate on [[Lake Garda]] and [[Lake Como]] to connect towns and villages at both sides of the lakes. The waterways in Venice, including the Grand Canal, serve as the vital transportation network for local residents and tourists.

Frequent shuttle ferries (''vaporetta'') connect different points on the main island of Venice and other outlying islands of the lagoon. In addition, there are direct shuttle boats between Venice and the [[Venice Marco Polo Airport]].

== Ports and harbours ==
[[File:Aerial view - Harbour of Genoa, Italy - DSC01156.JPG|thumb|right|Genoa has one of the busiest seaports in Italy.]]
[[File:Gioiatauro seaport.jpg|thumb|Gioia Tauro port]]
[[File:Seaport in Ravenna, Italy.jpg|thumb|Ravenna port]]
[[File:Porttrieste old.jpg|thumb|[[Trieste]], the main port of the northern Adriatic and starting point of the [[Transalpine Pipeline]]]]
Italy has been the final destination of the [[Silk Road]] for many centuries. In particular, the construction of the [[Suez Canal]] intensified sea trade with [[East Africa]] and [[Asia]] from the 19th century. Since the end of the Cold War and increasing European integration, the trade relations, which were often interrupted in the 20th century, have intensified again. Because of its long seacoast, Italy also has many harbors for the transportation of both goods and passengers. In 2004 there were 43 major seaports including the [[Port of Genoa]], the country's largest and the [[List of busiest ports in Europe|third busiest by cargo tonnage]] in the [[Mediterranean Sea]].

Due to the increasing importance of the maritime Silk Road with its connections to Asia and East Africa, the Italian ports for [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Eastern Europe]] have become important in recent years. In addition, the trade in goods is shifting from the European northern ports to the ports of the Mediterranean Sea due to the considerable time savings and environmental protection. In particular, the deep water port of [[Trieste]] in the northernmost part of the Mediterranean Sea is the target of Italian, Asian and European investments.<ref name="Hernig"/><ref name="Simon"/>
 
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:500px"
! List of ports in Italy
|-
|
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Ancona]]
* [[Arbatax]]
* '''[[Augusta, Sicily|Augusta]]'''
* [[Bari]]
* [[Brindisi]]
* '''[[Port of Cagliari|Cagliari]]'''
* [[Catania]]
* [[Port of Civitavecchia|Civitavecchia]]
* '''[[Port of Genoa|Genoa]]'''
* [[Port of Gioia Tauro|Gioia Tauro]]
* [[La Spezia]]
* '''[[Livorno]]'''
* [[Messina]]
* [[Milazzo]]
* [[Port of Naples|Naples]]
* [[Olbia]]
* [[Palermo]]
* [[Porto Torres]]
* [[Port of Ravenna|Ravenna]]
* [[Salerno]]
* [[Savona]]
* '''[[Taranto]]'''
* '''[[Trieste]]'''
* '''[[Venice]]'''
{{div col end}}
|}

{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
|-
! Busiest ports by cargo tonnage in Italy (2008)<ref name=ports>{{cite web|title=Graduatoria dei porti italiani|url=http://noi-italia.istat.it/fileadmin/user_upload/allegati/S13I06T12p0.xls|publisher=Istat|access-date=9 January 2012}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref>  !! Busiest ports by passengers in Italy (2008)<ref name=ports />
|-
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Port
!Region
!Thousand tons
!%
|-
| [[Taranto]]||[[Apulia]]||49,522||9.4
|-
| [[Genoa]]||[[Liguria]]||46,469||8.8
|-
| [[Trieste]]||[[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]||37,195||7.1
|-
| [[Gioia Tauro]]||[[Calabria]]||31,527||6.0
|-
| [[Ravenna]]||[[Emilia-Romagna]]||30,075||5.7
|-
| [[Venice]]||[[Veneto]]||29,920||5.7
|-
| [[Livorno]]||[[Tuscany]]||28,667||5.4
|-
| [[Augusta, Sicily|Augusta]]||[[Sicily]]||26,849||5.1
|-
| Porto Foxi||[[Sardinia]]||26,407||5.0
|-
| Santa Panagia||[[Sicily]]||17,305||3.3
|-
| [[La Spezia]]||[[Liguria]]||17,014||3.2
|-
| [[Savona]]-[[Vado Ligure|Vado]]||[[Liguria]]||16,370||3.1
|-
| [[Milazzo]]||[[Sicily]]||15,405||2.9
|-
| [[Olbia]]||[[Sardinia]]||12,875||2.4
|-
| [[Brindisi]]||[[Apulia]]||10,767||2.0
|-class="sortbottom"
| Other||||129,851||24.7
|-class="sortbottom"
! Italy!! !!526,218!!100.0
|}
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Port
!Region
!Thousand pass.
!%
|-
| [[Messina]]||[[Sicily]]||10,380||11.5
|-
| [[Reggio di Calabria]]||[[Calabria]]||10,116||11.2
|-
| [[Capri]]||[[Campania]]||7,169||8.0
|-
| [[Naples]]||[[Campania]]||6,185||6.9
|-
| [[Piombino]]||[[Tuscany]]||5,036||5.6
|-
| [[Portoferraio]]||[[Tuscany]]||3,927||4.4
|-
| [[Olbia]]||[[Sardinia]]||3,567||4.0
|-
| [[Livorno]]||[[Tuscany]]||3,251||3.6
|-
| [[Civitavecchia]]||[[Lazio]]||2,677||3.0
|-
| [[Genoa]]||[[Liguria]]||2,510||2.8
|-
| La Maddalena||[[Sardinia]]||2,374||2.6
|-
| [[Palau, Sardinia|Palau]]||[[Sardinia]]||2,364||2.6
|-
| [[Ischia Porto]]||[[Campania]]||2,342||2.6
|-
| [[Palermo]]||[[Sicily]]||1,949||2.2
|-
| [[Sorrento]]||[[Campania]]||1,887||2.1
|-class="sortbottom"
| Other||||24,423||27.1
|-class="sortbottom"
! Italy!! !!90,157!!100.0
|}
|}

==Air transport==
=== Airlines ===
{{see also|List of airlines of Italy}}
[[File:ITA AIRWAYS A350-941 EI-IFF HND RJTT 19-APR-2023 (52829502995).jpg|thumb|An [[Airbus A350]] of [[ITA Airways]]]]

Since October 2021, Italy's [[flag carrier]] airline is [[ITA Airways]], which took over the brand, the IATA ticketing code, and many assets belonging to the former flag carrier [[Alitalia]], after its bankruptcy.<ref name="CNN"/> ITA Airways serves 44 destinations ({{as of|October 2021|lc=y}}) and also operates the former Alitalia regional subsidiary, [[Alitalia CityLiner]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Villamizar |first1=Helwing |title=Italian Flag Carrier ITA Airways Is Born |url=https://airwaysmag.com/airlines/ita-airways-is-born/ |access-date=18 October 2021 |work=Airways Magazine |date=15 October 2021 |archive-date=16 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016100028/https://airwaysmag.com/airlines/ita-airways-is-born/ }}</ref>

The country also has [[regional airline]]s (such as [[Air Dolomiti]]), low-cost carriers, and Charter and leisure carriers (including [[Neos (airline)|Neos]], [[Blue Panorama Airlines]] and [[Poste Air Cargo]]). Major Italian cargo operators are [[ITA Airways|ITA Airways Cargo]] and [[Cargolux Italia]]. In 2012 there were 130 airports in Italy, including the two [[Airline hub|hubs]] of [[Malpensa International Airport]] in Milan and [[Leonardo da Vinci International Airport]] in Rome.

===Airports===
{{main article|List of airports in Italy}}
[[File:Milan malpensa terminal airport.jpg|thumb|The [[Malpensa International Airport]] in Milan, the busiest airport in Italy by cargo traffic]]
Italy is the fifth in Europe by number of passengers by air transport, with about 148 million passengers or about 10% of the European total in 2011.<ref name=istat_ta2011>{{cite web|title=Trasporto aereo in Italia (PDF)|url=http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/78802|publisher=ISTAT|access-date=5 August 2013|archive-date=13 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113035254/http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/78802|url-status=live}}</ref> Most of passengers in Italy are on international flights (57%). A big share of domestic flights connect the major islands ([[Sardinia]] and [[Sicily]]) to the mainland.<ref name=istat_ta2011 /> Domestic flights between major Italian cities as [[Rome]] and [[Milan]] still play a relevant role but are declining since the opening of the [[High-speed rail in Italy|Italian high-speed rail network]] in recent years.

Italy has a total as of 130 airports in 2012, of which 99 have paved runways:<ref name=cia1 />
*''over {{convert|3,047|m|abbr=on}}:'' 9
*''{{convert|2,438|to|3,047|m|abbr=on}}:'' 31
*''{{convert|1,524|to|2,437|m|abbr=on}}:'' 18
*''{{convert|914|to|1,523|m|abbr=on}}:'' 29
*''under {{convert|914|m|abbr=on}}:'' 12

Airports - with unpaved runways in 2012:<ref name=cia1 />
*''total:'' 31
*''{{convert|1,524|to|2,437|m|abbr=on}}:'' 1
*''{{convert|914|to|1,523|m|abbr=on}}:'' 11
*''under {{convert|914|m|abbr=on}}:'' 19

=== Busiest airports===
[[File:Aeroporto di Roma-Fiumicino in 2021.03.jpg|thumb|The [[Leonardo da Vinci International Airport]] in Rome, the busiest in Italy]]
This is a list of the top ten busiest airports in Italy in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistiche Dicembre 2017|url=http://www.assaeroporti.com/statistiche_201712/|publisher=assaeroporti.com|access-date=23 July 2018|archive-date=25 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325162230/https://assaeroporti.com/statistiche_201712/|url-status=live}}</ref> 
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan=2|Airport
!rowspan=2|Movements
!colspan=3|Passengers
!rowspan=2|Freight (tons)
|-
| ''domestics''||''internationals''||''total''
|-
| [[Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport|Rome Fiumicino]]||297,491||11,462,218||29,378,923||40,971,881||185,898.6
|-
| [[Milan Malpensa]]||178,953||3,164,224||18,873,017||22,169,167||589,719
|-
| [[Orio al Serio Airport|Bergamo Orio al Serio]]||86,113||3,270,761||9,060,022||12,336,137||125,948
|-
| [[Venice Marco Polo Airport|Venice Marco Polo]]||92,263||1,358,618||8,988,759||10,371,380||60,852.8
|-
| [[Milan Linate]]||117,730||4,927,688||4,575,377||9,548,363||13,815
|-
| [[Catania-Fontanarossa Airport|Catania Fontanarossa]]||68,170||6,184,360||2,925,385||9,120,913||6,691.3
|-
| [[Naples Airport|Naples Capodichino]]||75,013||2,976,752||5,575,471||8,577,507||11,068.5
|-
| [[Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport|Bologna Guglielmo Marconi]]||71,878||1,935,193||6,246,461||8,198,156||56,132.1
|-
| [[Rome Ciampino Airport|Rome Ciampino]]||54,236||218,880||5,636,570||5,885,812||17,042.4
|-
| [[Palermo Airport|Palermo Punta Raisi]]||46,627||4,399,601||1,353,444||5,775,274||324
|-class="sortbottom"
| Other||463,843||22,018,266||20,254,008||42,430,814||77,727.3
|-class="sortbottom"
! Total!!1,552,317!!61,916,561!!112,867,437!!175,415,404!!1,145,219
|}

==Buses, trams and coaches==
===Local buses===
Local buses are usually divided into urban (''urbano'') and suburban (''interurbano'' or ''extraurbano'') lines.

===Trolleybuses===
{{See also|List of trolleybus systems in Italy}}
[[Image:Milano filobus Breda via Tonale.JPG|thumb|right|[[AnsaldoBreda|Breda]] 4001 no. 210 operated on the [[Trolleybuses in Milan|Milan trolleybus system.]]]]

Many Italian cities have [[trolleybus]] networks, which were particularly promulgated by the government of [[Fascist Italy (1922–1943)|Fascist Italy]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Pasini |first=Guido |date=25 June 2017 |title=I primi collegamenti tram a Rimini |trans-title=The first tram connections in Rimini |url=https://www.romagnazone.it/storia-di-rimini/primi-collegamenti-tram-rimini.html |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=RomagnaZone |language=it-IT |archive-date=27 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627150326/https://www.romagnazone.it/storia-di-rimini/primi-collegamenti-tram-rimini.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=31 December 2006 |title=Storia della filovia Rimini - Riccione |trans-title=Story of the Rimini-Riccione trolleybusway |url=http://www.trasportipubblici.info/filobusrimini.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627150324/http://www.trasportipubblici.info/filobusrimini.htm |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=www.trasportipubblici.info}}</ref> Though many trolleybus networks were decommissioned in the late 20th century, major Italian cities that continue to operate trolleybus networks, or have built new ones, include [[Trolleybuses in Ancona|Ancona]], [[Trolleybuses in Avellino|Avellino]], [[Trolleybuses in Bologna|Bologna]], [[Trolleybuses in Cagliari|Cagliari]], [[Trolleybuses in Chieti|Chieti]], [[Trolleybuses in Genoa|Genoa]], [[Trolleybuses in La Spezia|La Spezia]], [[Trolleybuses in Lecce|Lecce]], [[Trolleybuses in Milan|Milan]], [[Trolleybuses in Modena|Modena]], [[Trolleybuses in Naples|Naples]], [[Trolleybuses in Parma|Parma]], [[Trolleybuses in Rimini|Rimini]], [[Trolleybuses in Rome|Rome]], and [[Trolleybuses in Sanremo|Sanremo]].

=== Coaches ===
Italy does not have a nationwide coach operator.<ref>{{cite web |title=Getting to Italy and getting around |url=http://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g187768-c6673/Italy:Getting.To.Italy.And.Getting.Around.html |access-date=14 February 2016 |website=[[TripAdvisor]] |archive-date=14 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114124631/https://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g187768-c6673/Italy:Getting.To.Italy.And.Getting.Around.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Many coach companies operate regionally, and particularly offer intercity connections and airport shuttle services.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coach Companies Italy - Full list of all bus operators |url=https://getbybus.com/en-gb/country/italy/bus-companies |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=getbybus.com |archive-date=1 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101132306/https://getbybus.com/en-gb/country/italy/bus-companies |url-status=live }}</ref> The largest nationwide coach operators include Baltour, Marinobus, Buscenter.it, [[Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori|.italo]], and [[FlixBus]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2018 |title=Bus lines in Italy |url=https://blog.comparabus.com/en/2193-bus-lines-italy |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=comparabus.com}}</ref>

=== Tram ===
[[File:Milano tram piazza Cavour.jpg|thumb|Intersecting trams in [[Milan]] under the arcs of [[Porta Nuova, Gate of Milan|Porta Nuova medieval gate]]. This type of historical trams are also used in [[San Francisco]], [[United States]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.milanotoday.it/blog/t_el-see-che-a-milan/tram-milano-san-francisco.html|title=Perché a San Francisco girano (anche) i tram di Milano|access-date=25 October 2024|language=it}}</ref>]]
13 cities have [[tram]] system:
* [[Bergamo–Albino light rail]]
* [[Cagliari light rail]]
* [[Trams in Florence]]
* [[Trams in Messina]]
* [[Trams in Mestre]]
* [[Trams in Milan]]
* [[Trams in Naples]]
* [[Trams in Padua]]
* [[Trams in Palermo]]
* [[Trams in Rome]]
* [[Metrosassari|Trams in Sassari]]
* [[Trams in Turin]]
* [[Trieste–Opicina tramway]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Transport|Italy}}
* [[Economy of Italy]]
* [[History of Italy]]
* [[Plug-in electric vehicles in Italy]]
* [[Renewable energy in Italy]]
* [[Tourism in Italy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}

{{Italy topics}}
{{Economy of Italy}}
{{Transportation in Europe}}

[[Category:Transport in Italy| ]]