Editing Transport in Norway

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[[Image:MF Stavangerfjord.jpg|thumb|Car ferries are a vital part of the highway infrastructure in the coastal regions. Above is "MF Stavangerfjord" which goes between Arsvågen and Mortavika in Rogaland.]]
'''Transport in Norway''' is highly influenced by [[Norway]]'s low population density, narrow shape and rugged coastline. Norway has old [[Ship transport|water transport]] traditions, but [[road transport|road]], [[rail transport|rail]] and [[aviation|air transport]] have increased in importance during the 20th century. Due to the low population density, [[public transport]] is somewhat less built out in rural areas of Norway, however public transport in and around cities is well developed.

The main governing body is the [[Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications]], which performs operations through numerous subsidiaries.<ref>Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communication, 2003: 3</ref> Tasks related to public transport and some roads have been delegated to the [[counties of Norway|counties]] and [[List of municipalities of Norway|municipalities]]. Most infrastructure is publicly owned, while most operations are performed by private companies; public transport is subsidized.

On average each Norwegian transported themselves for 70 minutes each day. In 2008 8% of passenger transport was made by [[public transport]]; road transport is the dominant mode of transport.<ref name=sntrans>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/10/12/transport_en/ |title=Transport |author=Statistics Norway |access-date=2008-07-15 |author-link=Statistics Norway }}</ref> It had risen to 10% in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ssb.no/en/transport-og-reiseliv/statistikker/reise|title=Travel survey|work=Statistics Norway|access-date=2018-04-20|language=en-GB}}</ref> In 2014 22% of travel was on foot and 4% by bicycle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/e6e7684b5d54473dadeeb7c599ff68b8/en-gb/pdfs/stm201220130026000engpdfs.pdf|title=National Transport Plan 2014–2023|website=Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications}}</ref> The transport sector was responsible for 4.1% of the [[Measures of national income and output|gross national product]] and 6.6% of employment in 2006.<ref name=sntrans /> According to the World Economic Forum's Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013,<ref name="TandTCR">[http://www3.weforum.org/docs/TTCR/2013/TTCR_DataTables7_2013.pdf World Economic Forum's Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013]</ref> Norway placed 83 out of 140 countries regarding quality of roads, 47 out of 122 regarding quality of railroad infrastructure, 25 out of 140 regarding quality of port infrastructure and 54 out of 140 regarding ground transport networks.

==Civil aviation==
[[File:Oslo Airport3.jpg|thumb|[[Oslo Airport, Gardermoen]], Norway's main airport.]]
Aviation has become an important passenger transport mode since the 1960s. Aircraft is the commonly used mode of transport on longer distances, and the routes between Oslo and Bergen, Trondheim and Stavanger are all among the largest in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boarding.no/art.asp?id=24013 |title="Bergensflyet" nummer sju i Europa |author=Boarding |date=2006-11-11 |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205235655/http://www.boarding.no/art.asp?id=24013 |archive-date=2012-02-05 }}</ref> On long distances, such as [[Oslo]]-[[Bodø (town)|Bodø]] and longer, air travel is by far the leading travel method. In Western and Northern Norway, with difficult terrain, obstacling fjords and lack of rail transport, [[regional airline]] travel provides quick travel within the region or to the capital.<ref name=regionale>{{cite web |url=http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/sd/tema/luftfart/regionale-flyruter.html?id=440464 |title=Regionale flyruter |author=Ministry of Transport |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929031535/http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/sd/tema/luftfart/regionale-flyruter.html?id=440464 |archive-date=2012-09-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Major airlines based in Norway are [[Scandinavian Airlines]], [[Norwegian Air Shuttle]] and [[Widerøe]].

===Airports===
{{main|List of airports in Norway}}
Of the 98 airports in Norway,<ref name=cia /> 51 are public,<ref name=avinorpassengers>{{cite web |url=http://www.avinor.no/tridionimages/2007%20Passasjerer_tcm181-51564.xls |title=2007 Passasjerer |author=Avinor |year=2008 |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no |archive-date=2010-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228235921/http://www.avinor.no/tridionimages/2007%20Passasjerer_tcm181-51564.xls |url-status=dead }}</ref> and 46 are operated by the state-owned [[Avinor]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.avinor.no/en/avinor/aboutavinor |title=About Avinor |author=Avinor |access-date=2008-07-15 |author-link=Avinor |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331113335/http://www.avinor.no/en/avinor/aboutavinor |archive-date=2008-03-31 }}</ref> [[List of the largest airports in the Nordic countries|Seven airports]] have more than one million passengers annually.<ref name=avinorpassengers /> 41,089,675 passengers passed through Norwegian airports in 2007, of which 13,397,458 were international.<ref name=avinorpassengers/>

The main gateway by air to Norway is [[Oslo Airport, Gardermoen]],<ref name=avinorpassengers /> located about {{convert|50|km|mi}} north of Oslo with departures to most European countries and some intercontinental destinations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osl.no/index.asp?startID=&topExpand=1000314&subExpand=1000318&menuid=1001352&menuid_1=1001348&pid_1=1001332&l=3&languagecode=9&strUrl=//templates/applications/internet/showobject.asp?infoobjectid=1006072 |title=Car |author=Oslo Lufthavn |access-date=2008-07-15 |author-link=Oslo Airport, Gardermoen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601232755/http://www.osl.no/index.asp?startID=&topExpand=1000314&subExpand=1000318&menuid=1001352&menuid_1=1001348&pid_1=1001332&l=3&languagecode=9&strUrl=%2F%2Ftemplates%2Fapplications%2Finternet%2Fshowobject.asp%3Finfoobjectid%3D1006072 |archive-date=2008-06-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osl.no/index.asp?startID=&strUrl=//templates/applications/internet/showobject.asp?infoobjectid=1010847&showad=1&menuid=1001345&menuid_1=1001345&topExpand=1000314&subExpand=1000317&pid_1=1001332&l=2&languagecode=9 |title=International scheduled routes from Oslo |author=Oslo Lufthavn |access-date=2008-07-15 |author-link=Oslo Airport, Gardermoen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080714220606/http://www.osl.no/index.asp?startID=&strUrl=%2F%2Ftemplates%2Fapplications%2Finternet%2Fshowobject.asp%3Finfoobjectid%3D1010847&showad=1&menuid=1001345&menuid_1=1001345&topExpand=1000314&subExpand=1000317&pid_1=1001332&l=2&languagecode=9 |archive-date=2008-07-14 }}</ref> It is [[airline hub|hub]] for the three major Norwegian [[airline]]s [[Scandinavian Airlines|Scandinavian Airlines System]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sas.no/no/Misc/Service_Links_Container/Rutekart/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120628220717/http://www.sas.no/no/Misc/Service_Links_Container/Rutekart/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-06-28 |title=Rutekart |author=Scandinavian Airlines System |access-date=2008-07-15 |author-link=Scandinavian Airlines }}</ref> [[Norwegian Air Shuttle]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ip.norwegian.no/ip/RouteMapAction.aspx?app_language=en-GB |title=Route Map |author=Norwegian Air Shuttle |access-date=2008-07-15 |author-link=Norwegian Air Shuttle |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080714021439/http://ip.norwegian.no/ip/RouteMapAction.aspx?app_language=en-GB |archive-date=2008-07-14 }}</ref> and [[Widerøe]]<ref>[[Widerøe]] [https://www.wideroe.no/en?language=en Route map] {{in lang|en}}</ref> and for regional aircraft from Western Norway.<ref name=wideroemap>{{cite web |url=http://www.wideroe.no/modules/module_123/proxy.asp?D=2&C=642&I=4274&language=NO |title=Våre destinasjoner |author=Widerøe |access-date=2008-07-15 |author-link=Widerøe |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080815052854/http://www.wideroe.no/modules/module_123/proxy.asp?D=2&C=642&I=4274&language=NO |archive-date=2008-08-15 }}</ref>

[[Heliport]]s are common at [[hospital]]s and [[oil platform]]s. The [[Norwegian Air Ambulance]] service operates twelve helicopters and nine airplanes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.luftambulanse.no/historie.aspx |author=Norwegian Air Ambulance |title=Om oss |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no |author-link=Norwegian Air Ambulance |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626090710/http://www.luftambulanse.no/historie.aspx |archive-date=2008-06-26 }}</ref>

===Regional aviation===
The regional airport service was introduced in the 1960s, with 30 airports being served by [[STOL|short take-off and landing]] aircraft.<ref name=avinorpassengers /> These are located mainly in [[Sogn og Fjordane]] and [[Northern Norway]], in areas with long distances to large cities and with too little traffic to support commercial flights. The airports, which typically have an {{convert|800|m|ft}} runway, are run by Avinor, while the airplanes are operated based on subsidized [[public service obligation]] contracts with the Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications.<ref name=regionale /><ref>Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communication, 2003: 5</ref> by the far largest contractor is [[Widerøe]] with their fleet of [[Bombardier Dash 8|de Havilland Canada Dash 8]] aircraft,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wideroe.no/modules/module_123/proxy.asp?D=2&C=416&I=3161 |title=Aircraft |author=Widerøe |access-date=2008-07-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20071212035737/http://www.wideroe.no/modules/module_123/proxy.asp?D=2&C=416&I=3161 |archive-date=2007-12-12 }}</ref> but also [[DAT Danish Air Transport|Danish Air Transport]], [[Lufttransport]] and [[Kato Airline]] have won bids.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boarding.no/art.asp?id=18737 |title=Tildeling av einerett for drift av 16 ruteområde |author=Boarding |date=2005-11-02 |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721114627/http://www.boarding.no/art.asp?id=18737 |archive-date=2011-07-21 }}</ref> The flights operate from one or more regional airports to larger hubs; in [[Oslo Airport, Gardermoen|Oslo]], [[Bergen Airport, Flesland|Bergen]], [[Trondheim Airport, Værnes|Trondheim]], [[Bodø Airport|Bodø]], [[Tromsø Airport|Tromsø]] and [[Kirkenes Airport, Høybuktmoen|Kirkenes]].<ref name=wideroemap /> One service, to [[Værøy Heliport]], is served by [[helicopter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lufttransport.no/Lufttransport.nsf/unid/A78EFB93796E70CEC1256D91004270C5?opendocument |title=Ruteflyvning Bodø – Værøy v.v. |author=Lufttransport |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no |author-link=Lufttransport |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609130715/http://www.lufttransport.no/Lufttransport.nsf/unid/A78EFB93796E70CEC1256D91004270C5?opendocument |archive-date=June 9, 2007 }}</ref> 1,214,508 passengers passed through the regional airports in 2012.<ref name=avinorpassengers/>

==Rail transport==
[[File:NSB Class 73 and 93 at Dombås.jpg|thumb|[[Vy|NSB]] [[NSB Class 73|type 73A]] at [[Dombås Station]]]]
{{main|Rail transport in Norway}}

The main railway network consists of {{convert|4114|km|mi}} of [[standard gauge]] lines, of which {{convert|242|km|mi}} is [[double track]] and {{convert|64|km|mi}} [[high-speed rail]] (210&nbsp;km/h) while 62% is electrified at {{15 kV AC}}. The railways transported 56,827,000 passengers 2,956 million [[Units of transportation measurement|passenger kilometer]]s and 24,783,000 tonnes of cargo 3,414 million [[Units of transportation measurement|tonne kilometer]]s.<ref>Norwegian National Rail Administration, 2008: 4</ref>

The main long-haul network consists of lines from Oslo and westwards along the [[Southern Norway|South Coast]] to [[Stavanger (city)|Stavanger]] and over the mountains to [[Bergen (city)|Bergen]]; and north to [[Åndalsnes]] and via [[Trondheim (city)|Trondheim]] to [[Bodø (town)|Bodø]]. Four lines connect to Sweden, allowing access to the European network.<ref>Norwegian National Rail Administration, 2007: 7</ref> The only high-speed line is [[Gardermoen Line|Gardermobanen]], connecting Oslo to The Oslo Airport, Gardermoen, but plans exist to build more high-speed lines in Eastern Norway,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jernbaneverket.no/prosjekter/pagaende/vestfoldbanen/article.jhtml?articleID=1692646 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070815082031/http://www.jernbaneverket.no/prosjekter/pagaende/vestfoldbanen/article.jhtml?articleID=1692646 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-08-15 |title=Modernisering av Vestfoldbanen |author=Norwegian National Rail Administration |date=2008-01-07 |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no}}</ref> and possibly to other parts of Norway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/sd/tema/Jernbane_og_jernbanetransport/Utredning-av-hoyfartsbaner.html?id=449057 |title=Utredning av høyfartsbaner |author=Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521062901/http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/sd/tema/Jernbane_og_jernbanetransport/Utredning-av-hoyfartsbaner.html?id=449057 |archive-date=2011-05-21 }}</ref> The entire network is owned by the [[Bane NOR]],<ref name=jbvabout>{{cite web|url=http://www.jernbaneverket.no/english/about/ |title=About |author=Norwegian National Rail Administration |access-date=2008-07-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216163640/http://www.jernbaneverket.no/english/about |archive-date=December 16, 2007 }}</ref> while domestic passenger trains are operated by the [[Flytoget|Airport Express Train]], [[Go-Ahead Nordic]], [[SJ Norge]] and [[Vy]].<ref>Norwegian National Rail Administration, 2008: 13</ref> Several companies operate freight trains.<ref>Norwegian National Rail Administration, 2008: 16</ref>

[[File:Nationaltheatret station Oslo.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Oslo Metro|Oslo T-bane]] is the backbone of public transport in Oslo, here at [[Nationaltheatret (station)|Nationaltheateret metro station]].]]

Investment in new infrastructure and maintenance is financed through the [[State budget of Norway|state budget]],<ref name=jbvabout /> and subsidies are provided for passenger train operations.<ref name=minpt>{{cite web |url=http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/sd/tema/kollektivtransport.html?id=1387 |title=Kollektivtransport |author=Norwegian Ministry of Transport |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no}}</ref> NSB operates long-haul trains, including [[Night trains of Norway|night trains]], regional services and four [[commuter rail|commuter train]] systems, around [[Oslo Commuter Rail|Oslo]], [[Trøndelag Commuter Rail|Trondheim]], [[Bergen Commuter Rail|Bergen]] and [[Jæren Line|Stavanger]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nsb.no/about_nsb/train_facts/ |title=Train facts |author=NSB |access-date=2008-07-15 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080612161348/http://www.nsb.no/about_nsb/train_facts/ <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2008-06-12 |author-link=Vy}}</ref>

===Rail transit===
[[Tram]]ways operate in [[Oslo Tramway|Oslo]], [[Trondheim Tramway|Trondheim]] and [[Bergen Light Rail|Bergen]]. The only [[rapid transit]] system is the [[Oslo Metro|Oslo T-bane]], while the only [[funicular]] is in [[Fløibanen|Bergen]]. The rail transits are operated by the counties, and the ticket system is integrated into the bus transport. In Oslo the two systems make the backbone of the [[Ruter]] public transport system, giving Oslo by far the highest public transport share of 20%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sporveien.no/Pressesenter/169/1383/ |title=Sterk kollektivvekst og kollektivandel |author=Oslo Sporveier |date=2006-08-30 |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no |author-link=Oslo Sporveier |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114014413/http://www.sporveien.no/Pressesenter/169/1383/ |archive-date=November 14, 2007 }}</ref> Local trains on the railway is operated by NSB, but monthly passes are integrated into the local transit ticket system.

In 2007, 101 million passengers were transported 490 million passenger kilometers by rail transit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/emner/10/12/kolltrans/tab-2008-01-03-04.html |title=Bane, ekslusive NSB |author=Statistics Norway |date=2008-01-03 |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101213505/http://www.ssb.no/emner/10/12/kolltrans/tab-2008-01-03-04.html |archive-date=January 1, 2009 }}</ref><ref>Norwegian National Rail Administration, 2007: 12–13</ref>

==Road transport==
{{See also|Road signs in Norway|Vehicle registration plates of Norway|Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway}}

Norway has a [[road]] network of {{convert|92946|km|mi}}, of which {{convert|72033|km|mi}} are paved and {{convert|664|km|mi}} are [[motorway]].<ref name=cia>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/norway/ |title=Norway |author=Central Intelligence Agency |year=2008 |access-date=2008-07-15 |author-link=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> There are four tiers of road routes; national, county, municipal and private, with national and primary county roads numbered en route. The most important national routes are part of the [[International E-road network|European route]] scheme, and the two most prominent are the [[European route E6|E6]] going north-south through the entire country, while [[European route E39|E39]] follows the West Coast. An improved E39 coastal highway is currently under development to improve the route and reduce the driving time from 21 hours. It is expected to be completed in 2033 with a series of new [[tunnel]]s and [[bridge]]s, including [[Rogfast]], a {{convert|27|km}} under sea tunnel that will link [[Stavanger]] and [[Haugesund]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theb1m.com/video/norways-47bn-coastal-highway|title=Norway's $47BN Coastal Highway}}</ref> National and county roads are managed by the [[Norwegian Public Roads Administration]].<ref>Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications, 2003: 15</ref>

[[File:Gjemnesbrua-Norway.JPG|thumb|[[Gjemnessund Bridge]] is part of the [[Kristiansund Mainland Connection]].]]

Motorways exist around the largest cities; many of the larger cities have introduced [[toll road|toll schemes]] to help finance roads.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://design.open.ac.uk/potter/documents/NorwayTP.pdf |title=Norway's urban toll rings: evolving towards congestion charging? |author=Ieromanachou, Potter and Warren |access-date=2008-07-16}}</ref> In 2008, 130 ferry routes remained in service, operated by private companies on contract with the Public Roads Administration.<ref>Norwegian Public Roads Administration, 2008: 7</ref> Since the 1970s the heaviest rural investments have been mainland connections to replace the many car ferries that are needed to cross fjords and connect to islands. There are not enough funding through tax money, so these tunnels and bridges are normally financed mainly through toll fees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.norvegfinans.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects.exe/norveg.woa/wa/selectDASub1page?sub1pageID=70&langID=1 |title=Bompengeanlegg |author=Norvegfinans |access-date=2008-07-16 |language=no |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929001807/http://www.norvegfinans.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects.exe/norveg.woa/wa/selectDASub1page?sub1pageID=70&langID=1 |archive-date=September 29, 2007 }}</ref> Some [[mountain pass]]es have severe [[Winter storm|snowstorm]] problems in the winter, so often they have to be closed, or cars have to drive after a [[snowplow]] in a column.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vegvesen.no/cs/Satellite?cid=1157615706672&pagename=vegvesen/SVVartikkel/SVVartikkelMedRelatert&c=SVVartikkel |title=Kolonnekjøring |author=Norwegian Public Road Administration |access-date=2008-07-16 |language=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502190440/http://www.vegvesen.no/cs/Satellite?cid=1157615706672&pagename=vegvesen%2FSVVartikkel%2FSVVartikkelMedRelatert&c=SVVartikkel |archive-date=2008-05-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The most exposed mountain passes are closed the entire winter.

[[File:Nissan Leaf in bus lanes Norway.jpg|thumb|Norway has the largest stock of [[plug-in electric vehicle]]s per capita in the world.]]

In 2007 there were 2.6 million [[automobile]]s in Norway, or 444 per 1000 residents, an increase of 27% the last ten years—average age was 10.2 years. Road accidents killed 242 people and road transport caused 20% of [[greenhouse gas emissions]].<ref name=sntrans /> Between 2007 and 2011, [[Diesel engine|diesel cars]] constituted over 70% of new cars, and fell to 40% in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.acea.be/statistics/tag/category/share-of-diesel-in-new-passenger-cars |title=Share of Diesel in New Passenger Cars - Click Norway, mouseover for numbers |publisher=[[European Automobile Manufacturers Association]] |date=25 April 2016 |access-date=24 January 2017}}</ref> Trucks transported 264 million tonnes 15 billion tonne kilometers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/lbunasj/tab-2008-07-02-01.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120910132811/http://www.ssb.no/lbunasj/tab-2008-07-02-01.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-09-10 |title=Lastebilundersøkelsen |author=Statistics Norway |access-date=2008-07-16 |language=no }}</ref>

Norway has the world's largest registered stock of [[plug-in electric vehicles in Norway|plug-in electric vehicles per capita]], with [[Oslo]] recognized as the EV capital of the world.<ref name=NorwayLargest>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/motoring/electric-cars-take-off-in-norway-2284439.html|title=Electric cars take off in Norway|author=Agence France-Presse|author-link=Agence France-Presse|work=[[The Independent]]|date=2011-05-15|access-date=2011-10-09|archive-date=2011-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517153515/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/motoring/electric-cars-take-off-in-norway-2284439.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=AVERE>{{cite web|url=http://www.avere.org/www/newsMgr.php?action=view&frmNewsId=611&section=&type=&SGLSESSID=tqiice0pmjdclt7l4q0s3s1o27|title=Norwegian Parliament extends electric car {{sic|nolink=y|iniatives}} until 2018|author=European Association for Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (AVERE)|publisher=AVERE|date=2012-09-03|access-date=2013-04-10|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024170630/http://www.avere.org/www/newsMgr.php?action=view&frmNewsId=611&section=&type=&SGLSESSID=tqiice0pmjdclt7l4q0s3s1o27|archive-date=2013-10-24}}</ref><ref name=NorwaySales2011>{{cite web|url=http://gronnbil.no/nyheter/eventyrlig-elbilsalg-i-2011-article218-239.html|title=Eventyrlig elbilsalg i 2011|trans-title=Adventurous electric vehicle sales in 2011|author=Ole Henrik Hannisdahl|publisher=Grønn bil|date=2012-01-09|access-date=2012-01-14|language=no|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207090813/http://gronnbil.no/nyheter/eventyrlig-elbilsalg-i-2011-article218-239.html|archive-date=2012-02-07}} ''See table "Elbilsalg i 2011 fordelt på måned og merke" (Electric vehicle sales in 2011, by month and brand) to see monthly sales for 2011.''</ref> In March 2014, Norway became the first country where over 1 in every 100 passenger cars on the roads is a plug-in electric.<ref name=NorwayEVSales032014>{{cite web|url=http://www.gronnbil.no/nyheter/elbilsalget-i-mars-slo-alle-rekorder-article380-239.html|title=Elbilsalget i mars slo alle rekorder|language=no|trans-title=Electric vehicle sales in March broke all records|author=Staff|publisher=Grønn bil|date=2014-04-02|access-date=2014-04-03|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405182251/http://www.gronnbil.no/nyheter/elbilsalget-i-mars-slo-alle-rekorder-article380-239.html|archive-date=2014-04-05}}</ref> Norway's fleet of electric cars is one of the cleanest in the world because almost 100% of the electricity generated in the country comes from [[hydropower]].<ref name=Reuters032013>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cars-norway-idUSBRE92C0K020130313 |title=Norway shows the way with electric cars, but at what cost? |author=Alister Doyle and Nerijus Adomaitis |work=[[Reuters]] |date=2013-03-13 |access-date=2013-03-15 |archive-date=2013-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315054320/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/13/us-cars-norway-idUSBRE92C0K020130313 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{As of|2014|12|post=,}} a total of 43,442 [[plug-in electric vehicle]]s were registered in Norway, of which, almost 95% are all-electric vehicles.<ref name=NorwayStat>{{cite web |url=http://www.gronnbil.no/statistikk/ |title=Ladbare biler i Norge des, 2014 |language=no |trans-title=Rechargeable cars in Norway December 2014 |publisher=Grønn bil |date=January 2015 |access-date=2015-01-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117122144/http://www.gronnbil.no/statistikk/|archive-date=2015-01-17}} ''Click on the bar graph {{lang|no|Registrerte biler|italic=no}} and select {{lang|no|12 mnd|italic=no}} for registrations for each year. Registrations include new and used imports.  Move the mouse over each bar to show the sales split between all-electric and plug-in hybrids by year.''</ref> The Norwegian plug-in electric segment has the world's highest [[market share]] of new car sales, with 5.6% in 2013, and 12.5% {{as of|2014|alt=in 2014|post=.}}<ref name=Top6Global2013>{{cite web |url=http://www.hybridcars.com/top-6-plug-in-car-adopting-countries/ |title=Top 6 Plug-In Vehicle Adopting Countries |author=Jeff Cobb |publisher=HybridCars.com |date=2014-01-16 |access-date=2015-01-28 |archive-date=2015-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221092202/http://www.hybridcars.com/top-6-plug-in-car-adopting-countries/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{Clear}}

===Bus transport===
Each county is responsible for the public bus and boat transport in their area,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/sd/tema/kollektivtransport/Lokal-kollektivtransport.html?id=426187 |title=Lokal kollektivtransport |author=Norwegian Ministry of Transport |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no}}</ref> (railways, regional airlines and the [[Hurtigruten|Coastal Express]] boat, are financed by the state).<ref name=minpt /> Buses transported 290 million passengers 3.7 billion passenger kilometers in 2007.<ref name=statpt07>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/emner/10/12/kolltrans/tab-2008-01-03-01.html |title=Kollektivtransport |author=Statistics Norway |date=2008-01-03 |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101213241/http://www.ssb.no/emner/10/12/kolltrans/tab-2008-01-03-01.html |archive-date=January 1, 2009 }}</ref> 6,194  buses were in operation during 2007; tickets sales was NOK 3,721 million while bus transport received government subsidies of NOK 3,393 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/kolltrans/tab-2008-01-03-02.html |title=Buss |author=Statistics Norway |date=2008-01-03 |access-date=2008-07-16 |language=no |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101213306/http://www.ssb.no/kolltrans/tab-2008-01-03-02.html |archive-date=January 1, 2009 }}</ref>

[[Bus]] and [[Water taxi|passenger boat]] services are normally operated by private companies on contract with the county or their public transport authority (such as [[Ruter]] or [[Vestviken Kollektivtrafikk]]). Tickets and tickets prices are organised by these authorities. Some of them have special brand names and connected painting of the buses, especially in bigger cities. Other counties, especially smaller, don't use brand names and let the operators decide bus paint.

Long-haul coach services are operated by various companies, most of whom cooperate through [[NOR-WAY Bussekspress]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nor-way.no/wsp/nbe/frontend.cgi?session=d0e5ccde8f8843e7778e7f8c97e78f&func=publish.show&table=PUBLISH&func_id=1116&asubmenu=1116 |title=Selskapene |author=NOR-WAY Bussekspress |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no |author-link=NOR-WAY Bussekspress }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> In Northern Norway (mostly from [[Fauske Municipality]] and further north) long-haul buses are operated by the counties.

==Water transport==
[[Image:Honningsvåg2.JPG|thumb|[[Silo|Grain silo]] in [[Honningsvåg]].]]
[[Image:BW Fjord an Glameyer Stack 2007-12-15.JPG|thumb|[[BW Group|BW]] ''Fjord'' is one of many Norwegian ships that operate abroad.]]

The coastal infrastructure is operated by the [[Norwegian Coastal Administration]],<ref name=aboutkv>{{cite web |url=http://www.kystverket.no/?did=9103236 |title=The Norwegian Coastal Administration |author=Norwegian Coastal Administration |access-date=2008-07-16 |author-link=Norwegian Coastal Administration}}</ref> while [[port]]s are operated by the municipalities.<ref name="aboutkv"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kystverket.no/?aid=9085811 |title=Offentlige havner i Norge |author=Norwegian Coastal Administration |access-date=2008-07-16 |language=no}}</ref> Norway has {{convert|90000|km|mi}} of shoreline, 400,000 leisure craft<ref name=aboutkv /> and a 715 ships in the [[merchant Navy|merchant marine]].<ref name=cia />

===Merchant marine===
In 2007 Norway was the fifth largest beneficial ship owning country, with 5% of the world's fleet;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marisec.org/shippingfacts/worldtrade/top-20-beneficial-ownership-countries.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318124942/http://www.marisec.org/shippingfacts/worldtrade/top-20-beneficial-ownership-countries.php |url-status=usurped |archive-date=2008-03-18 |title=Top 20 beneficial ownership countries (January 2007) |author=Shippingfacts |year=2007 |access-date=2008-07-16 }}</ref> though a high portion of these were registered in [[flag of convenience|flags of convenience]], Norway had 15 million [[deadweight tonnage]] of ships under its flag.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marisec.org/shippingfacts/worldtrade/top-20-largest-shipping-flags.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318121434/http://www.marisec.org/shippingfacts/worldtrade/top-20-largest-shipping-flags.php |url-status=usurped |archive-date=2008-03-18 |title=Top 20 largest shipping flags (January 2007) |author=Shippingfacts |year=2007 |access-date=2008-07-16 }}</ref> The government has created an internal register, the [[Norwegian International Ship Register]] (NIS), as a subset of the [[Norwegian Ship Register]]; ships on the NIS enjoy many benefits of flags of convenience and do not have to be crewed by Norwegians.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nis-nor.no/NIS.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615091344/http://www.nis-nor.no/NIS.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-06-15 |title=NIS |author=Norwegian Ship Registers |access-date=2008-07-15 |author-link=Norwegian Ship Registers }}</ref>

===Ferries===
[[Ferry|Car ferries]] are vital links across fjords and to islands where there are no fixed connections. There are more than one hundred car ferry connections inside Norway. [[High-speed craft|Fast passenger ferries]] operate many places where fjords and islands make it quicker to follow the waterways than the roads; some small islands are served by [[water taxi|water bus]]es. Public transport by ship transported eight million passengers 273 million passenger kilometers in 2007.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ssb.no/kolltrans/tab-2008-01-03-03.html| title=Båt| publisher=Statistics Norway| date=2008-01-03| language=no| access-date=2008-07-16| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101213510/http://www.ssb.no/kolltrans/tab-2008-01-03-03.html| archive-date=1 January 2009}}</ref>

With the large amount of [[hydroelectricity]] in Norway, [[Electric boat|battery-electric ferries]] have been introduction on several routes.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.ship-technology.com/projects/norled-zerocat-electric-powered-ferry/| title=Ampere Electric-Powered Ferry| publisher=Ship Technology| date=1 June 2015| accessdate=16 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.tu.no/artikler/batterifergen-har-mattet-sta-over-avganger-na-er-losningen-klar/364633 |title=Batterifergen har måttet stå over avganger. Nå er løsningen klar| publisher=[[Teknisk Ukeblad]]| lang=no| date=18 November 2016| accessdate=19 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://tersanshipyard.com/en/projects/gloppefjord| title=NB1073 Gloppefjord| publisher=[[Tersan Shipyard]]| accessdate=16 January 2023}}</ref> Of Norway's 180 ferries on 112 ferry routes, a study by [[Siemens]] and the [[Bellona Foundation]] identified 127 could be replaced with either fully electric or hybrid ferries.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=16 January 2023|author=James Ayre|date=27 July 2016|publisher=CleanTechnica|title=Feasible to Replace 70% of Norwegian Ferries with Fully Electric or Hybrid Ferries|url=https://cleantechnica.com/2016/07/27/feasible-replace-70-norwegian-ferries-battery-hybrid-ferries-study/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| author=Stensvold, Tore| url=http://www.tu.no/industri/2015/08/14/siemens-lonnsomt-a-bytte-ut-70-prosent-av-fergene-med-batteri--eller-hybridferger| title=Lønnsomt å bytte ut 70 prosent av fergene med batteri- eller hybridferger| publisher=[[Teknisk Ukeblad]]| date=14 August 2015| lang=no| accessdate=16 January 2023| archive-date=5 January 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105150735/http://www.tu.no/industri/2015/08/14/siemens-lonnsomt-a-bytte-ut-70-prosent-av-fergene-med-batteri--eller-hybridferger| url-status=dead}} [https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=da&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tu.no%2Findustri%2F2015%2F08%2F14%2Fsiemens-lonnsomt-a-bytte-ut-70-prosent-av-fergene-med-batteri--eller-hybridferger&edit-text= In English]</ref>

The [[Hurtigruten|Coastal Express]] (known as Hurtigruten) operates daily [[cruiseferry|cruiseferries]] from Bergen to [[Kirkenes]], calling at 35 ports.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hurtigruten.com/en/default.aspx?side_id=421 |title=Hurtigruten - The World's Most Beautiful Voyage |author=Hurtigruten Group |access-date=2008-07-16 |author-link=Hurtigruten Group |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080729011128/http://www.hurtigruten.com/en/default.aspx?side_id=421 |archive-date=2008-07-29 }}</ref> International car carrying cruiseferries operate from Southern Norway to [[Denmark]], [[Germany]] and [[Sweden]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.colorline.no/ |title=Color Line |author=Color Line |author-link=Color Line (ferry operator) |access-date=2008-07-16}}</ref><!-- I removed a reference from 2008 about the ferry to Newcastle, later closed down. -->

===Pipelines===
The [[petroleum]] and [[natural gas]] production on the [[Norwegian continental shelf]] uses pipelines to transport produce to processing plants on mainland Norway and other European countries; total length is {{convert|9481|km|mi}}.<ref name="cia"/> The government-owned [[Gassco]] operates all natural gas pipelines; in 2006, 88 billion cubic meters were transported, or 15% of European consumption<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gassco.no/sw3046.asp |title=About Gassco |author=Gassco |access-date=2008-07-16 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080226071113/http://www.gassco.no/sw3046.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2008-02-26 |author-link= Gassco}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Norwegian Air Traffic Control System]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite web |url=http://www.regjeringen.no/Upload/SD/Vedlegg/brosjyre_samferdselsdepartementet_eng.pdf |title=The Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications |author=Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications |year=2003 |author-link=Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329012601/http://www.regjeringen.no/Upload/SD/Vedlegg/brosjyre_samferdselsdepartementet_eng.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-29 }}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.jernbaneverket.no/multimedia/archive/01821/Jernbanestatistikk_1821829a.pdf |title=Railway Statistics 2007 |website=[[Jernbaneverket]] |year=2008|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217042116/http://www.jernbaneverket.no/multimedia/archive/01821/Jernbanestatistikk_1821829a.pdf |archive-date=2008-12-17 }}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.vegvesen.no/cs/Satellite?blobcol=urlpdf&blobheader=application%2Fpdf&blobheadername1=Content-Disposition%3A&blobheadervalue1=attachment%3Bfilename%3Dpdf_Statens_vegvesen.pdf&blobkey=id&blobtable=SVVvedlegg&blobwhere=1210075240176&ssbinary=true |title=Ferry Statistics 2007 |author=Norwegian Public Roads Administration |year=2008 |language=no |author-link=Norwegian Public Roads Administration }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline|Transport in Norway}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090223125257/http://www.ruteopplysningen.no/ Official gateway for all public transit authorities and companies in Norway]
*[http://www.rutebok.no/ Norwegian National travelplanner] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100222013925/http://www.rutebok.no/ |date=2010-02-22 }}
*[http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/sd.html?id=791 Ministry of Transport and Communications]
*[http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/10/12/transport_en/ Transport] at [[Statistics Norway]]

{{Norway topics}}
{{Transportation in Europe}}
{{Motorways in Europe}}
{{Public transport administrators of Norway}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport In Norway}}
[[Category:Transport in Norway| ]]