Editing Transport in Peru

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{More citations needed|date=November 2021}}
[[Image:Carreteras Duplas de Peru 2024.jpg|thumb|right|[[Dual carriageway]] highways in Peru, in red]]
This article describes the '''transport in [[Peru]]'''.

==Railways==
'''total: ''' {{convert|2374|km|mi|abbr=on}}<br/>
'''standard gauge:''' {{convert|1608|km|mi|abbr=on}}, {{RailGauge|ussg|lk=on}} gauge <br/>
'''narrow gauge: '''{{convert|380|km|mi|abbr=on}}, {{RailGauge|3ft|lk=on}} gauge

{{main|Rail transport in Peru}}
There are two unconnected principal railways in Peru.

The '''[[Ferrocarril Central Andino]]''' (FCCA; the former Ferrocarril Central del Perú) runs inland from [[Callao]] and [[Lima]] across the [[Andes]] watershed to [[La Oroya]] and [[Huancayo]]. It is the second highest railway in the world (following opening of the [[Qingzang railway]] in Tibet), with the Galera summit tunnel under Mount Meiggs at {{convert|4783|m|ft|abbr=on}} and [[Galera railway station|Galera station]] at {{convert|4777|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. In 1955 the railway opened a spur line from La Cima on the [[Morococha District|Morococha]] branch ({{convert|4818|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level) to Volcán Mine, reaching an (at the time) world record altitude of {{convert|4830|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Both branch and spur have since closed to traffic.<ref>{{Marshall-GuinnessRail}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=October 2016}} From Huancayo the route is extended by the [[Huancayo-Huancavelica Railway|Ferrocarril Huancayo-Huancavelica]]. In July 2006 FCCA began work to [[Track gauge conversion|regauge]] the [[Huancavelica]] line from {{Track gauge|914mm|lk=on}} to {{Track gauge|1435mm|allk=on}} and it was finished in 2010. There was also a proposal for a {{convert|21|km|mi|abbr=on}} tunnel under the Andes.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Huancavelica upgrade|magazine=[[Railway Gazette International]]|date=2006-06-01|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2006/06/3802/huancavelica_upgrade.html}}</ref>

The '''Ferrocarriles del Sur del Perú''' (FCS), now operated by [[PeruRail]], runs from the coast at [[Matarani]] to [[Cusco|Cuzco]], and to [[Puno]] on [[Lake Titicaca]]. From Cuzco, PeruRail runs the {{Track gauge|914mm|lk=on}} gauge line to [[Aguas Calientes, Peru|Aguas Calientes]] for [[Machu Picchu]].<ref name="Whetham 2">{{cite book|author=Whetham, Robert D.|title=Railways of Peru. Volume 2 – The Central and Southern Lines|publisher=Trackside Publications|location=Bristol|year=2008|isbn=978-1-900095-37-2}}</ref>

[[File:Railways in Peru.svg|thumb|350px|{{center|Railways in Peru}}]]

===Towns served===
{{main|Railway stations in Peru}}

====Central railways====
[[File:Estacion La Raya Peru.jpg|thumb|A PeruRail passenger train stopping in La Raya]]
See [[Ferrocarril Central Andino]]
{|
|-valign=top
|
* [http://www.rrdc.com/images/map_peru.gif Map]
* [[Lima]] –  capital
* [[Callao]] – port
* [[La Oroya]] – junction
* [[Huancavelica]] – provincial capital
* [[Huancayo]] – provincial capital
* [[Cerro de Pasco]] – provincial capital
| width=40 |
|
* [[Jauja]]
* [[Matucana, Peru|Matucana]]
* [[Chosica]]
* [[Galera railway station|Galera]]
* [[Junín, Peru|Junín]]
* [[Mejorada]]
* [[Ticlio]] – former junction
|}

* in March 2009, [[gauge conversion]] from [[Huancayo]] to [[Huancavelica]] from {{RailGauge|914mm}} to {{RailGauge|1435mm}} proceeds. By October 2010 it was finished and it is in service now.

====Southern railway====
See [[PeruRail]]
{|
|-valign=top
|
* [[Matarani]] – port
* [[Juliaca]] – junction
* [[Juliaca]] – junction
* [[Cusco|Cuzco]] – [[break of gauge]], start of {{RailGauge|3ft|lk=on}} 
| width=40 |
|
* [[Juliaca]] – junction, via [[Arequipa]] – second city
* [[Puno]] – [[railhead]] on [[Lake Titicaca]]
* [[Cusco|Cuzco]] – [[break of gauge]], end of {{RailGauge|ussg|allk=on}} 
* [[Aguas Calientes, Peru|Aguas Calientes]] – [[railhead]] for [[Machu Picchu]]
|}

===Metro===
[[File:Andén de Estación Villa El Salvador - Metro de Lima.jpg|thumb|A car in the Villa El Salvador station in Lima]]
[[Lima]] has a metro service or [[Lima Metro]], also called ''Tren eléctrico'' that has now only one line (called Linea 1). The line has an extension of {{convert|34.6|km|mi|abbr=on}}, with 26 stations, and goes from the south east to north east Lima urban districts passing downtown (This is ''Villa El Salvador'' to ''San Juan de Lurigancho''). The second line (called Linea 2) is now under construction and will run from the port of ''Callao'' to ''Ate'' passing downtown too (west to east).(2015).

[[Huancayo Metro]] is the second urban rail line in Peru, is located in the Andean city of [[Huancayo]] and is currently under construction (2012).

===Proposed===

* Mining railway to [[Port of Bayóvar|Bayovar]] port by 2019.  Also to [[Paita]] port.
* [[Cajamarca]] – mine
* [[Tren de la Costa (Peru)|Tren de la Costa]]

==Highways==
<br>''total:''
{{convert|85900|km|mi|abbr=on}}<br>''paved:''
45,000&nbsp;km (Of which approximately 350&nbsp;km of divided multi-line roads)
<br>''unpaved:''
40,900&nbsp;km (1999 est.)

The [[Pan-American Highway (South America)#Peru|Pan-American Highway]] runs the country from north to south next to the coast, from [[Tumbes (city)|Tumbes]] (Ecuadoran border) to [[Tacna]] (Chilean border). From [[Arequipa]] a branch goes to [[Puno]] and then to Bolivia. Other important [[highways in Peru]] are the ''Longitudinal de la Sierra'',<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Longitudinal de la Sierra llevará desarrollo y crecimiento económico |url=https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-longitudinal-de-sierra-llevara-desarrollo-y-crecimiento-economico-543781.aspx |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=andina.pe |language=es}}</ref> that goes from north to south in the highlands; and the ''Carretera Central'', that goes from [[Lima]] (in the coast) to [[Pucallpa]] (in the jungle).<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-10-17 |title=Carretera Central: ¿Cuál es la mejor ruta alterna para descongestionar esta vía? |url=https://elcomercio.pe/lima/transporte/carretera-central-cual-es-la-mejor-ruta-alterna-para-descongestionar-esta-via-mtc-colegio-de-ingenieros-del-peru-noticia-2/ |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=El Comercio Perú |language=es}}</ref>

===Long distance buses===
Inter-city travel in Peru is almost exclusively done in long-distance buses. Buses in most of the cities depart from bus terminals called ''terminal terrestre''. The main bus companies that link Lima with the major cities include [[Cruz del Sur]] and [[Ormeño]]. Other companies are ''Civa'' and ''Oltursa''.,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.oltursa.pe/| title = Oltursa}}</ref> while the full list of carriers include Transported Libertad and Turismo Mer, among others.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bus Companies Peru - Full list of all carriers |url=https://getbybus.com/en-us/country/peru/bus-companies}}</ref>

===Maps===
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/peru.pdf UN Map] Dead link
* [http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/3c57f308a.pdf UNHCR Map for Peru and Ecuador] Dead link

==Waterways==
{{convert|8600|km|mi|abbr=on}} of [[navigable]] [[tributary|tributaries]] of [[Amazon River|Amazon]] system and {{convert|208|km|mi|abbr=on}} of [[Lake Titicaca]].

There are river boat service from [[Yurimaguas]] and [[Pucallpa]] to [[Iquitos]], and from there to the Brazilian border in the [[Amazon River]]. Touristic boats can be reached at [[Puno]] in Lake Titicaca.

==Pipelines==
* [[crude oil]] 800&nbsp;km
* [[natural gas]] and [[natural gas liquids]] 64&nbsp;km{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

==Ports and harbors==
Portuary administration in Peru is carried out by the [[National Port Authority (Peru)|National Port Authority]].

=== Pacific Ocean ===
{|
|-valign=top
|
* [[Callao]]
* [[Chimbote]]
* [[Ilo, Peru|Ilo]]
* [[Matarani]]
* [[Paita]]
| width=40 |
|
* [[Salaverry]]
* [[General San Martín]]
* [[Talara]]
|}

===Lake Titicaca===
* [[Puno]]

===Amazon basin===
* [[Iquitos]]
* [[Pucallpa]]
* [[Yurimaguas]]

==Merchant marine==
<br>''total:''
7 ships ({{GT|1,000|metric|disp=long}} or over) totaling {{GT|65,193|metric}}/{{DWT|100,584|metric|disp=long}}
<br>''ships by type:'' (1999 est.)
* [[bulk carrier]] 1
* [[cargo ship]]s 6

==Airports and airlines==
;Airports
[[File:JorgeChavezAirportLima.jpg|thumb|The exterior of Jorge Chavez International airport in 2008]]
According to a 1999 estimate there are 234 [[List of airports in Peru|airports in Peru]]. [[Jorge Chavez International Airport]], in [[Lima, Peru|Lima]] is Peru's main national and international gateway,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-10 |title=El aeropuerto internacional Jorge Chávez: historia y actuales necesidades |url=https://www.i-torrestrella.com/el-aeropuerto-internacional-jorge-chavez-historia-y-actuales-necesidades/ |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=Ingeniería e instalaciones de telecomunicación y baja tensión |language=es-PE}}</ref> with an estimate of 98 percent of all international flights into Peru landing at this airport. Other important airports are located in [[Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport|Cusco]], [[Arequipa]], [[Iquitos]] and [[Piura]].

'''Airports – with paved runways:'''
<br>''total:''
44
<br>''over 3,047 m:''
7
<br>''2,438 to 3,047 m:''
17
<br>''1,524 to 2,437 m:''
12
<br>''914 to 1,523 m:''
7
<br>''under 914 m:''
1 (1999 est.)

'''Airports – with unpaved runways:'''
<br>''total:''
190
<br>''over 3,047 m:''
1
<br>''2,438 to 3,047 m:''
2
<br>''1,524 to 2,437 m:''
26
<br>''914 to 1,523 m:''
67
<br>''under 914 m:''
94 (1999 est.)

;Airlines
[[File:Enaviadiliĝo en la flughaveno Jorge Chávez.jpg|thumb|A Peruvian Airlines plane]]
International airlines connecting Peru with North America, Europe and other Latin American countries include: [[Delta Air Lines]], [[American Airlines]], [[United Airlines]], [[Air Canada]], [[Iberia]], [[Air France]], [[KLM]], [[LATAM Airlines]], [[Avianca]], [[AeroMexico]], and [[British Airways]].
<br>[[:Category:Airlines of Peru|Airlines in Peru]] with domestic service in Peru include [[LAN Peru]], [[Star Peru]], [[Peruvian Airlines]], and [[LC Perú]]. Charter and Cargo airlines include [[ATSA Airlines|ATSA]], [[Servicios Aéreos de los Andes|Andes Air]] and [[Cielos Airlines]].
[[:Category:Defunct airlines of Peru|Former Peruvian airlines]] include [[Aero Continente]], [[AeroPerú]] and [[Faucett]].

==See also==
* [[Rail transport in Peru]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Transport in Peru}}
* [http://www.expresocial.com/ Cial]
* [http://www.civa.com.pe/ Civa]
* [http://www.cruzdelsur.com.pe/ Cruz del Sur]
* [http://www.floreshnos.net/ Flores]
* [http://www.oltursa.com.pe/ Oltursa]
* [http://www.grupo-ormeno.com.pe/ Ormeño]
* [http://www.tepsa.com.pe/ Tepsa]
* [http://www.ferrocarrilcentral.com.pe/ Ferrocarril Central] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711082158/http://www.ferrocarrilcentral.com.pe/ |date=2016-07-11 }}
* [http://www.perurail.com/ Perurail]
* [http://www.pearcedale.com/c&b/peruhistory.htm Brief historical summary of the railroads in Peru]
* [https://www.redbus.pe/en/city/lima-bus-tickets List of Peruvian cities]
*[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=in.redbus.android&hl=es-419&gl=PE Transporte en Bus]

{{CIA World Factbook}}
{{Peru topics |expanded}}
{{Americas topic|Transport in}}

[[Category:Transport in Peru| ]]