Editing Transport in Poland

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}

'''Transport in Poland''' involves air, water, road and rail transportation. The country has a large network of municipal public transport, such as buses, trams and the metro. As a country located at the 'cross-roads' of Europe, [[Poland]] is a nation with a large and increasingly modern network of transport infrastructure.

The country's most important waterway is the [[Vistula]] river. The largest seaports are the [[Port of Gdańsk]], the [[Port of Gdynia]] and the [[Port of Szczecin]]. Air travel is generally used for international travel, with many flights originating at [[Warsaw Chopin Airport]]. Railways connect all of Poland's major cities and the state-owned [[Polish State Railways]] (PKP) corporation, through its subsidiaries, runs a great number of domestic and international services of varying speed and comfort. In addition to this, five out of sixteen Polish [[Voivodeships of Poland|voivodeships]] have their own regional rail service providers.

== Rail transport ==
[[File:Poland rail map.svg|thumb|280px|Railways in Poland|left]]
[[File:Wrocław Dworzec Główny.jpg|thumb|[[Wrocław Główny railway station]], the busiest train station in [[Poland]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-25 |title=Poznaliśmy najpopularniejsze stacje kolejowe w Polsce. Wrocław Główny z rekordem |url=https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/gospodarka-komunalna/poznalismy-najpopularniejsze-stacje-kolejowe-w-polsce-wroclaw-glowny-z-rekordem,553086.html#:~:text=Z%20danych%20UTK%20wynika,%20%C5%BCe%20g%C5%82%C3%B3wna%20stacja%20Wroc%C5%82awia,czyli%203,9%20proc.%20ca%C5%82kowitej%20wymiany%20pasa%C5%BCerskiej%20w%20Polsce. |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=www.portalsamorzadowy.pl |language=pl}}</ref>]]
[[File:Polish Pendolino front 2.JPG|thumb|A [[PKP Intercity]] [[New Pendolino|ED250 Pendolino]] at [[Wrocław Główny railway station|Wrocław Main Station]].]]
[[File:Gdańsk Główny, Blick von Marienkirche.jpg|thumb|[[Gdańsk Główny (PKP station)|Gdańsk Main Station]], one of Poland's most important railway terminals]]
[[File:Bwe loco change rzepin.jpg|thumb|A Polish locomotive takes over haulage duty from a [[Deutsche Bahn]] unit at [[Rzepin]] on a Berlin-Warsaw Express train]]
{{Main|Rail transport in Poland}}
{{see also|High-speed rail in Poland}}
Poland is served by an extensive network of railways. In most cities the main railway station is located near a city centre and is well connected to the local transportation system. The infrastructure is operated by [[Polish State Railways|PKP]] Group. The rail network is very dense in western and northern Poland, while eastern part of the country is less developed. The capital city, [[Warsaw]], has the country's only [[Rapid transit|rapid transit system]]: the [[Warsaw Metro]].

The only high-speed rail line (though by most definitions, real [[high-speed rail]] only includes speeds over 200&nbsp;km/h) in central-eastern Europe is the [[Central Rail Line (Poland)]], ''Centralna Magistrala Kolejowa'' (CMK). It has a length of {{convert|223|km|abbr=on}}, and was built in 1971–1977; it links [[Warsaw]] with [[Kraków]] and [[Katowice]]. Most trains on the CMK operate at speeds up to {{convert|160|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}, but since December 2014 new [[Alstom]] [[Pendolino]] ED250 trains operate on a 90&nbsp;km section of the CMK at {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}, and improvements under way should raise the authorized speed to {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} on most of the line. In test runs on the CMK in November 2013 a new [[Pendolino]] ED250 train set a new Polish speed record of {{convert|293|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>'Bariera 300&nbsp;km/h nie padła. Na koniec testów 293&nbsp;km/h,' Rynek Kolejowy, 2013 11 24, http://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/49466/bariera_300_km_h_nie_padla_na_koniec_testow_293_km_h.htm</ref>

Other high-speed lines:

*The Warsaw-Gdańsk-Gdynia railway route is undergoing a major upgrading costing $3 billion, partly funded by the [[European Investment Bank]], including track replacement, realignment of curves and relocation of sections of track to allow speeds up to {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}, modernization of stations, and installation of the most modern [[European Train Control System|ETCS]] signalling system, which is to be completed in June 2015. In December 2014 new [[Alstom]] [[Pendolino]] ED250 high-speed trains were put into service between Gdańsk, Warsaw, [[Katowice]] and [[Kraków]] reducing the rail travel time from Gdańsk to Warsaw to 2 hours 58 minutes,<ref>'Polish Pendolino launches 200&nbsp;km/h operation,' Railway Gazette International, 15 December 2014, http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/polish-pendolino-launches-200-kmh-operation.html</ref><ref>'Pendolino z Trójmiasta do Warszawy,' http://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/Pendolino-z-Trojmiasta-do-Warszawy-Wiecej-pytan-niz-odpowiedzi-n71010.html</ref> to be reduced in late 2015 to 2 hours 37 minutes.<ref>';Jeszcze szybciej z Warszawy do Gdańska,' Kurier Kolejowy 9 01 2015  http://www.kurierkolejowy.eu/aktualnosci/22716/Jeszcze-szybciej-z-Warszawy-do-Gdanska.html</ref>
* Warsaw–[[Kutno]]–[[Poznań]]–(Berlin) (160&nbsp;km/h)
* Warsaw–[[Siedlce]]–[[Terespol]]–([[Minsk]]) (160, 120&nbsp;km/h) – being upgraded to 160&nbsp;km/h
* Warsaw–[[Puławy]]–[[Lublin]] (120, 140&nbsp;km/h)
* [[Opole]]–[[Wrocław]] (160&nbsp;km/h) and further upgraded via [[Legnica]] to Berlin and [[Hamburg]]

''Projects''
The Warsaw–[[Łódź]] line is being upgraded to allow speed up to 160&nbsp;km/h (in order to bind together the Warsaw–Łódź agglomeration).

Plans were made to construct a new high-speed line (350&nbsp;km/h) from Warsaw to Poznań and Wrocław with forks in [[Łódź]] and [[Kalisz]].,<ref>[http://en.transport-expertise.org/index.php/2008/06/11/in-brief-high-speed-rail-will-invade-poland-by-2020/ In brief: High Speed Rail will invade Poland by 2020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201112317/http://en.transport-expertise.org/index.php/2008/06/11/in-brief-high-speed-rail-will-invade-poland-by-2020 |date=1 December 2008 }}, Transport Expertise Association, Matthieu Desiderio, 11 June 2008.</ref> but the project was cancelled in November 2011 due to its high cost.<ref>'Polish High Sped Rail Project Cancelled,' Railway Gazette International, 8 December 2011, http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/polish-high-speed-rail-project-cancelled.html</ref>

The [[PKP Group]] is the fourth largest railway throughout Europe. Trains are run by its different subsidiaries.

=== Passenger transport operators ===
The following companies operate in Poland:
*[[PKP Intercity]] – qualified passengers trains (express, intercity, eurocity, hotel and TLK)
*[[Przewozy Regionalne]] – regional passengers trains (normal and fast train)
*[[Koleje Śląskie]] - regional trains in [[Silesian Voivodeship]]
*[[Koleje Mazowieckie]] – local trains in [[Mazovia]] centered on Warsaw
*[[Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity)]] – fast urban railway serving the [[Tricity, Poland|Tricity]] area of Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot
*[[Szybka Kolej Miejska (Warsaw)]] –  suburban railway in [[Warsaw]] agglomeration
*[[Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa]] – suburban railway in Warsaw agglomeration
*[[Arriva RP]] (owned by [[Deutsche Bahn]]) – part of the local train traffic in [[Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship]]
*[[Koleje Dolnośląskie]] – part of the local train traffic in [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship]]
*[[Koleje Wielkopolskie]] – part of the local train traffic in [[Greater Poland Voivodeship]]
*[[Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna]] - commuter railway operator in [[Łódź Voivodeship]]

==== Narrow-gauge railways ====
{{Main|Narrow gauge railways in Poland}}
There are hundreds of kilometres of {{RailGauge|600mm}}, {{RailGauge|750mm}}, {{RailGauge|785mm}}, and {{RailGauge|1000mm}} narrow-gauge lines in [[Poland]].
These railways are mostly in decline, some survive as a [[Museum railway|museum]] or [[Heritage railway|tourist]] railways.

=== Freight transport market ===
*[[PKP Cargo]]
*[[PKP LHS]] – [[Broad Gauge Metallurgy Line|Metallurgic broad-gauge line]]
*[[PTK Holding SA]] – The railway transportation holding in [[Zabrze]]
*Przedsiębiorstwo Transportu Kolejowego i Gospodarki Kamieniem Rybnik – The Railway Transport and Stone Management Company in [[Rybnik]]
*[[CTL Logistics]]
*[[PCC Rail Szczakowa]] – Rail Szczakowa website – part of the German concern [[PCC AG]]
*Kopalnia Piasku Kotlarnia – The Kotlarnia sand mine
*Kopalnia Piasku Kuźnica Warężyńska – The [[Kuźnica Warężyńska]] sand mine
*[[Orlen KolTrans]]
*[[Lotos Kolej]]
*Nadwiślanski Zakład Transportu Kolejowego- Vistula Rail Transport Company]

==== Broad-gauge railways ====
[[Image:Mapa LHS.png|thumb|250px|LHS links southern Poland with broad-gauge railways in Ukraine and other eastern countries]]
Except for [[Broad Gauge Metallurgy Line|Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa]], and a few very short stretches near [[Border crossing|border crossings]], Poland uses the [[standard gauge]] for its railways. Therefore, [[Broad Gauge Steelworks Line|Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa]] (known by its acronym ''LHS'', [[English language|English:]] ''Broad-gauge steelworks line'') in [[Sławków]] is the longest [[broad-gauge]] [[Rail tracks|railway line]] in Poland. The line runs on a single track for almost {{convert|400|km|-1|abbr=on}} from the Polish-[[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] border, crossing it just east of [[Hrubieszów]]. It is the westernmost broad-gauge railway line in Europe that is connected to the broad-gauge rail system of the countries of the former [[Soviet Union]].

=== Rail system ===
Total: {{convert|23420|km|-1|abbr=on}}
*standard gauge {{RailGauge|sg}} : {{convert|21639|km|-1|abbr=on}} ({{convert|11626|km|-1|abbr=on}} electrified; {{convert|12236|km|-1|abbr=on}} double track)
*broad gauge {{RailGauge|1520mm}} : {{convert|646|km|abbr=on}}
*narrow gauge (various) : {{convert|1135|km|-1|abbr=on}} various gauges including {{RailGauge|1000mm}}, {{RailGauge|785mm}}, {{RailGauge|750mm}}, and {{RailGauge|600mm}} (1998)

As of December 2002 narrow-gauge railways were no longer owned or operated by PKP. They were transferred to regional authorities or became independent companies.

==== Rail links with adjacent countries ====
* Same gauge:
** [[Transport in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]
** [[Transport in Germany|Germany]]
** [[Transport in Slovakia|Slovakia]]
* [[Break-of-gauge]] – {{RailGauge|sg}}/{{RailGauge|1520mm}}
** [[Transport in Lithuania|Lithuania]]
** [[Transport in Belarus|Belarus]]
** [[Transport in Russia|Russia]] ([[Kaliningrad Oblast]])
** [[Transport in Ukraine|Ukraine]]

== Road transport ==
{{see also|Classes and categories of public roads in Poland}}

[[Image:DocelowyUkladDrog.svg|thumb|Map of planned motorway and expressway network in Poland.]]
[[Image:PL A2 Poznan Komorniki.JPG|thumb|A2 near [[Poznań]], opened in 2003]]
[[File:Ruch tirow 2015.svg|thumb|[[Semi-trailer truck]] average daily traffic in 2015]]

Polish public roads are grouped into categories related to [[Administrative divisions of Poland|administrative division]]. Poland has {{convert|424563|km|-1|abbr=on}} of public roads, of which {{convert|120563|km|-1|abbr=on}} are unsurfaced (2021):<ref name="gus_transport">{{Cite web|title=Rodzaje dróg w Polsce - Ministerstwo Infrastruktury - Portal Gov.pl|url=https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/rodzaje-drog-w-polsce|access-date=2021-08-21|website=Ministerstwo Infrastruktury|language=pl-PL}}</ref>
*[[National roads in Poland|National roads]] (Technical classes A, S, GP and exceptionally G): {{convert|19403|km|-1|abbr=on}}, {{convert|1.9|km|0|abbr=on}} unsurfaced
*[[Voivodeship road]]s (Classes G, Z and exceptionally GP): {{convert|28924|km|-1|abbr=on}}, {{convert|63.2|km|0|abbr=on}} unsurfaced
*[[Powiat road]]s (Classes G, Z and exceptionally L): {{convert|124572|km|-1|abbr=on}}, {{convert|11379|km|-1|abbr=on}} unsurfaced
*[[Gmina road]]s (Classes L, D and exceptionally Z): {{convert|251664|km|-1|abbr=on}}, {{convert|120419|km|-1|abbr=on}} unsurfaced

In recent years, the network has been improving and government spending on road construction recently saw a huge increase, due to rapid development of the country and the inflow of [[European Union]] funds for infrastructure projects.<ref name="euromonitor">{{cite web| url = http://www.euromonitor.com/Improving_Polands_transport_infrastructure| title = Adisa Banjanovic, Improving Poland's transport infrastructure}}</ref>

=== Motorways and expressways ===
{{Main|Highways in Poland}}
Polish motorways and expressways are part of national roads network. As of December 2021, there are {{convert|1721|km|-1}} of [[motorway]]s (''autostrady'', singular - ''autostrada'') and {{convert|2790|km|-1|abbr=on}} of [[Limited-access road|expressways]] (''drogi ekspresowe'', singular - ''droga ekspresowa'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gddkia.gov.pl/pl/a/31883/Przed-nami-kolejny-rekordowy-rok|title=Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad - Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad - Portal Gov.pl}}</ref>

[[File:Znak D9.svg|frameless|30px]] Motorways in Poland, {{convert|1721|km|-1|abbr=on}} (2021):<br>
[[A1 autostrada (Poland)|A1]]  |  [[A2 autostrada (Poland)|A2]]  |  [[A4 autostrada (Poland)|A4]]  |  [[A6 autostrada (Poland)|A6]]  |  [[A8 autostrada (Poland)|A8]]  |  [[A18 autostrada (Poland)|A18]]

[[File:PL road sign D-7.svg|frameless|30px]] Expressways in Poland, {{convert|2790|km|-1|abbr=on}} (2021):<br>[[Expressway S1 (Poland)|S1]] | [[Expressway S2 (Poland)|S2]] | [[Expressway S3 (Poland)|S3]] | [[Expressway S5 (Poland)|S5]] |
[[Expressway S6 (Poland)|S6]] | [[Expressway S7 (Poland)|S7]] | [[Expressway S8 (Poland)|S8]] | [[Expressway S10 (Poland)|S10]] |
[[Expressway S11 (Poland)|S11]] | [[Expressway S12 (Poland)|S12]] | [[Expressway S14 (Poland)|S14]] | [[Expressway S16 (Poland)|S16]] | 
[[Expressway S17 (Poland)|S17]] | [[Expressway S19 (Poland)|S19]] | [[Expressway S22 (Poland)|S22]] |
[[Expressway S51 (Poland)|S51]] | [[Expressway S52 (Poland)|S52]] | [[Expressway S61 (Poland)|S61]] | [[Expressway S74 (Poland)|S74]] | [[Expressway S79 (Poland)|S79]] | [[Expressway S86 (Poland)|S86]]

== Air transport ==
[[Image:Poland airports 2016.svg|thumb|250px|Location of main airports in Poland, with number of passengers served in 2016]]
[[File:Warsaw Airport.jpg|thumb|Terminal 2 of the [[Warsaw Chopin Airport]]]]
[[Image:Terminal T2 we Wrocławiu - landside.jpg|right|thumb|[[Wrocław Airport]] - interior of the terminal T2]]
[[File:Gdansk-Lotnisko-Terminal2 5.JPG|thumb|New terminal at [[Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport]]]]
{{Main|List of airports in Poland}}
The most important airport in Poland is [[Warsaw Chopin Airport|Warsaw 'Frederic Chopin' International Airport]]. Warsaw's airport is the main international hub for [[LOT Polish Airlines]].

In addition to Warsaw Chopin, [[Wrocław Airport|Wrocław]], [[Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport|Gdańsk]], [[Katowice International Airport|Katowice]], [[John Paul II International Airport Kraków-Balice|Kraków]] and [[Poznań-Ławica Airport|Poznań]] all have international airports.

In preparation for the [[Euro 2012]] football championships jointly hosted by Poland and [[Ukraine]], a number of airports around the country were renovated and redeveloped. This included the building of new terminals with an increased number of jetways and stands at both [[Wrocław Airport]] and [[Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport|Lech Wałęsa Airport in Gdańsk]].

===Airports===
The Polish airline market was until 2004 a closed market, with bilateral agreements between countries served from the national hub – Warsaw. The regional airports were mostly serving as spokes, and were controlled by PPL, the state-owned airport authority. However, in the 1990s it was decided to deregulate the airport market and abolish the dominant position of PPL. Nearly all local airports (apart from Zielona Góra airport) became separate companies, with local governments involved in their management, which led to the partial decentralisation. Soon after opening of Polish sky for competition, flights "avoiding" the Warsaw hub became more common.

There are twelve passenger airports in operation, and there is also an airport Heringsdorf in German village Garz, 7 kilometers from Polish seaside spa Świnoujście.

===International airports===
[[List of airports in Poland]]
The following are the largest airports in Poland (In descending order for 2013):
* [[Warsaw Chopin Airport]]
* [[Kraków John Paul II International Airport]]
* [[Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport|Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa International Airport]]
* [[Katowice Airport]]
* [[Wrocław Airport]]
* [[Poznań–Ławica Airport|Poznań International Airport]]
* [[Rzeszów–Jasionka Airport]]
* [[Łódź Władysław Reymont Airport]]
* [[Solidarity Szczecin–Goleniów Airport]]
* [[Warsaw Modlin Airport]]
* [[Bydgoszcz Ignacy Jan Paderewski Airport]] 
* [[Lublin Airport]]
* [[Warsaw Radom Airport]]
* [[Olsztyn-Mazury Airport]]

Domestic:
* [[Zielona Góra Airport|Zielona Góra-Babimost Airport]]

'''Airports with paved runways:'''
Total: 84 (2005)
* over 3,047 m: 4
* 2,438 to 3,047 m: 29
* 1,524 to 2,437 m: 41
* 914 to 1,523 m: 7
* under 914 m: 3

'''Airports – with unpaved runways:'''
Total: 39 (2005)
* 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
* 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
* 914 to 1,523 m: 13
* under 914 m: 21

'''Heliports:''' 2 (2005)

== Water transport ==

[[File:MF Skania 1.jpg|thumb|right|Ferries of Polish company [[Unity Line]] in the city of Szczecin]]
[[Image:Gdynia kamienna marina.jpg|thumb|right|[[Gdynia]]'s main municipal marina]]
The country's most important waterway is the river [[Vistula]]. The largest seaports are the [[Port of Szczecin]] and [[Port of Gdańsk]].

Marine transport in Poland has two main sub-groups, riverine and seaborne. On the [[Baltic Sea]] coast, a number of large seaports exist to serve the international freight and passenger trade; these are typically deep water ports and are able to serve very large ships, including the [[ro-ro]] ferries of [[Unity Line]], [[Polferries]] and [[Stena Line]] which operate the [[Poland]] – [[Scandinavia]] passenger lines.

Riverine services operate on almost all major Polish rivers and canals (such as the [[Danube–Oder Canal|Danube–Oder]] and [[Elbląg Canal|Elbląg canal]]s) as well as on domestic coastal routes.

=== Waterways ===
Poland has {{convert|3997|km|-1|abbr=on}} of navigable rivers and canals (as of 2009).

=== Ports and harbors ===

* [[Port of Gdańsk]] ''[[Image:PL road sign T-11.svg|40px]] ([[Polferries]]: Gdańsk — [[Nynäshamn]] / [[Ystad]])''
* [[Port of Gdynia]] ''[[Image:PL road sign T-11.svg|40px]] ([[Stena Line]]: Gdynia — [[Karlskrona]] / [[Gothenburg]]'' and ''[[Finnlines]]: Gdynia — [[Helsinki]] / [[Rostock]])''
* [[Port of Świnoujście|Port of Szczecin-Świnoujście]] ''[[Image:PL road sign T-11.svg|40px]] ([[Polferries]]: Świnoujście — [[Copenhagen]] / [[Ystad]] / [[Rønne]]'' and ''[[Unity Line]]: Świnoujście — [[Ystad]] / [[Trelleborg]])''
* [[Port of Police]]
* [[Port of Kołobrzeg]]
* [[Ustka|Port of Ustka]]

=== Merchant marine ===
{{main|Polish Merchant Navy}}
Total: 57 ships (1,000 GT or over) totaling 1,120,165 GT/{{DWT|1,799,569|metric|disp=long}}

Ships by type:
bulk 50, cargo 2, chemical tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off 1, short-sea passenger 2
(1999 est.)
**

== Municipal transport ==
[[File:Solaris Urbino 10 1006.jpg|right|thumb|City bus in Warsaw, manufactured by Polish company [[Solaris Bus & Coach|Solaris]]]]

=== Bus ===
<!--[[Image:Dworzec.jpg|250px|]] -->
[[Image:PL road sign D-15.svg|50px|left]]
Most Polish towns and cities have well-developed municipal bus services. Typically, a city possesses its own local bus service, however, in some cases they have private competitors operating on certain lines upon the agreement with local authorities.

Until the 1990s, interurban connections were operated by a single, state-owned company [[Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacji Samochodowej|PKS]]. Since then, it has been broken into a number of independent national and municipal enterprises. In addition, several private operators emerged. There are two classes of service distinguished by vehicle length:
* ''autobus'' — longer vehicles (12.0 m and more),
* ''bus'' — shorter vehicles with smaller capacity, very popular on local connections, run by individual persons and smaller companies.
While they often use the same bus stops, they tend to use different stations.

=== Tram ===
[[Image:PL road sign D-17.svg|50px|left]]
[[Image:Bombardier NGT6 -2027.jpeg|right|thumb|[[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]] tram in [[Kraków]]]]

Bigger cities run dense [[Tram|tram networks]], which are the primary mean of public transport. Currently, there are 15 systems serving over 30 cities including [[Bydgoszcz]], [[Gdańsk]], [[Katowice]], [[Kraków]], [[Łódź]], [[Poznań]], [[Szczecin]], [[Warsaw]] and [[Wrocław]], with the total track length varying from {{convert|200|km|-1|abbr=on}} ([[Silesian Interurbans]]) to less than {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=on}} ([[Tramways in Grudziądz]]). A new network has been constructed in [[Olsztyn]] in 2015. See the [[list of town tramway systems in Poland]]

Since the 1990s, a number of cities attempts to upgrade certain parts of their networks to the [[light rail]] standard (called ''szybkie tramwaje'', En. ''fast trams''). The most notable investments are [[Poznański Szybki Tramwaj|Poznań Fast Tram]] and [[Krakowski Szybki Tramwaj|Kraków Fast Tram]] with the underground {{convert|1.5|km|1|abbr=on}} [[premetro]] section.<ref>{{cite web
 | title = Trams in Poland 
 | url = http://polandtravelplanner.com/transport/tram.html
 | website = Poland Travel Planner
 | access-date = 10 April 2019}}</ref>

=== Trolleybus ===
[[Image:PL road sign D-16.svg|50px]]
Trolleybuses can be found in three cities: [[Gdynia]] (with some lines reaching [[Sopot]]), [[Lublin]] and [[Tychy]].

=== Rapid transit ===
{{main|Warsaw Metro}}
[[Image:Warsaw Metro logo.svg|50px|left]]

The first [[rapid transit|metro]] line was opened in [[Warsaw]] in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mirprometro.info/en/Warsaw/ |title=History of the Warsaw Metro |website=mirprometro.info |access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref>  Part of the [[Warsaw Metro|second line]] was opened in 2015. This is part of the country's rail transport infrastructure. There is an ongoing debate whether a new metro or [[premetro]] should be built in [[Kraków]]. The current President of Kraków, [[Aleksander Miszalski]], supports the idea and has declared that first works will commence in 2028.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kr24.pl/krakow/metro-w-krakowie-miszalski-deklaruje-prace-rusza-w-2028-roku/ |language=pl |title=Metro w Krakowie. Miszalski deklaruje: „prace ruszą w 2028 roku” |website=kr24.pl |date=28 June 2024 |access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref>

<gallery class="center">
File:Warsaw 07-13 img37 Plac Wilsona metro.jpg|Plac Wilsona Station
File:A21 Warsaw Metro.jpg|Stare Bielany station
File:C10 Rondo ONZ - peron, Ogłoszenie wyników plebiscytu na głos linii M2, 2014-10-29.jpg|Rondo ONZ Station and the Siemens Inspiro stock train
</gallery>

=== Commuter trains ===
[[File:PL-SKMWA logo.svg|left|117x117px]]
[[File:45WEa-002A SKM, Warszawa Gdańska.jpg|thumb|229x229px|A Warsaw SKM train at [[Warszawa Gdańska railway station|Warszawa Gdańska]]]]
In major Polish cities such as [[Szybka Kolej Miejska (Warsaw)|Warsaw]]  and the [[Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity)|Tricity area]], Commuter (SKM) trains provide efficient connections between the city center and surrounding suburbs or satellite towns. In other cities like Łódź (served by [[Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna|ŁKA]]) and Kraków (served by [[Szybka Kolej Aglomeracyjna|SKA]]), similar commuter rail services operate under different names but follow the same principles and rules.

== Pipelines ==
* Crude oil and petroleum products {{convert|2280|km|-1|abbr=on}}
* Natural gas {{convert|13500|km|-1|abbr=on}}
(2006 est.)

== See also ==
* [[Automotive industry in Poland]]
* [[List of bridges in Poland]]
* [[Plug-in electric vehicles in Poland]]
* [[Ports of the Baltic Sea]]
* [[Transportation and travel during the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130822184426/http://rozklad-pkp.pl/bin/query.exe/en], [https://web.archive.org/web/20081208183433/http://nowy.rozklad-pkp.pl/bin/query.exe/en] Online rail timetables, [http://www.rozklady.com.pl/] Online rail and bus timetable
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070621160747/http://www.plk-sa.pl/fileadmin/pdf/infrastruktura/5000-35_strona_Agc_agtc.pdf Rail Map: Poland] (PDF) Most minor lines omitted
* [http://www.poland.gov.pl/gallery/serwis/polska_drogowa_d_879.jpg Road Map: Poland]

{{Poland topics}}
{{Transportation in Europe}}

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[[Category:Transport in Poland| ]]