Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Trichocentrum
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
{{Short description|Genus of orchids}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = A and B Larsen orchids - Trichocentrum haematochilum 680-17.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Trichocentrum haematochilum]]'' | display_parents = 3 | taxon = Trichocentrum | authority = Poepp. & [[Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher|Endl.]] | type_species = ''Trichocentrum pulchrum'' | type_species_authority = Poepp. & Endl. | synonyms_ref = <ref name="wcsp"/> | synonyms = * ''Acoidium'' <small>Lindl.</small> * ''Lophiaris'' <small>Raf.</small> * ''Cohnia'' <small>Rchb.f., illegitimate name</small> * ''Cohniella'' <small>Pfitzer in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl</small> * ''Stilifolium'' <small>Königer & D.Pongratz</small> * ''Lophiarella'' <small>Szlach., Mytnik & Romowicz</small> }} '''''Trichocentrum''''', often abbreviated '''Trctm''' in [[horticulture]], is a [[genus]] in the [[orchid]] [[family (biology)|family]], Orchidaceae. '''Dancinglady orchid''' is a common name for plants in this genus.<ref>{{PLANTS|id=TRICH27|taxon=Trichocentrum|accessdate=14 December 2015}}</ref> It was described by [[Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher]] and [[Eduard Friedrich Poeppig]] in 1836. This genus alone makes up the monogeneric '''Trichocentrum''' alliance, a quite distinct lineage of the [[subtribe]] [[Oncidiinae]]. The 68 currently recognized species are [[epiphyte]]s [[species]], distributed in damp forests from [[Mexico]] and [[Florida]] to [[Argentina]].<ref name="wcsp">[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=208019 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref> ==Description== The [[pseudobulb]]s are reduced. The obtuse, fleshy [[Leaf|leaves]] are 9 cm long. They are broadly elliptic to ovate-lanceolate. The large, showy [[flower]]s grow basally on a short [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]] in a single-flowered to few-flowered [[raceme]]. They are white, or white covered with maroon dots. The [[petal]]s and [[sepal]]s are similar. The long [[Labellum (botany)|lip]] carries a short [[spur]]. This feature distinguishes the genus from other [[Oncidiinae]], in which the spur is an extension of the [[column (botany)|column]]. The short column has a pair of apical wings on the [[Carpel|stigma]]. The [[anther]] often bears minute [[wiktionary:Papilla|papilla]]e. There are two waxy [[pollinium|pollinia]], connected to elongate [[stipe (botany)|stipe]]s. ==In horticulture== ''Trichocentrum'' species are highly appreciated by orchid growers; some consider them to be among the most beautiful orchids on earth. Culture of members of this genus is highly variable, ranging from the drought-tolerant and easy-to-grow [[Tiger-like Trichocentrum]] (''[[Trichocentrum tigrinum|T. tigrinum]]'') to smaller and more delicate species. In cultivation they are subject to rot unless provided with conditions similar to those they experience in the wild. Extensive research into the ecological profiles of individual species may be required to achieve success cultivating them. Many species from Central America apparently endure a prolonged drought for at least part of the year, and have developed [[succulent]] leaves to deal with these conditions. Plants may shrivel quite severely without long-lasting injury. ==Chemistry and use as entheogen== The Central and South American species ''[[Trichocentrum cebolleta]]'' (known formerly as ''Oncidium cebolleta'') has been found to contain a variety of [[phenanthrenoids]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50027a021 | doi=10.1021/np50027a021 | title=New and Old Phenanthrene Derivatives from Oncidium cebolleta, a Peyote-Replacement Plant | year=1983 | last1=Stermitz | first1=Frank R. | last2=Suess | first2=Terry R. | last3=Schauer | first3=Cynthia K. | last4=Anderson | first4=Oren P. | last5=Bye | first5=Robert A. | journal=Journal of Natural Products | volume=46 | issue=3 | pages=417–423 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> This species is of considerable [[ethnobotanical]] interest as one of only a handful of orchids reported to be used as an [[entheogen]]s. ''T. cebolleta'' is used as a substitute for ''hikuli'' a.k.a. ''peyote'' (the [[hallucinogenic]] [[cactus]] ''[[Lophophora williamsii]]'') by the [[Tarahumara]] of Northern [[Mexico]] - a tribe noted for the large number of hallucinogenic plants which it uses in various [[shamanic]] and [[running]]-related practices. The combination of phenanthrenoid content and employment as entheogens in shamanic practices is to be found also in the Asiatic orchids ''[[Vanda tessellata]]'' and ''[[Dendrobium macraei]]'' (- known formerly as ''Ephemerantha macraei'' and ''Flickingeria macraei'' - see page ''[[Flickingeria]]''). The orchidaceous genera ''Trichocentrum'', ''[[Vanda]]'' and ''[[Dendrobium]]'' are all members of the subfamily ''[[Epidendroideae]]'' and are also placed currently in the subgroup/clade of Higher Epidendroids within the subfamily. Stermitz et al.,<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50027a021 | doi=10.1021/np50027a021 | title=New and Old Phenanthrene Derivatives from Oncidium cebolleta, a Peyote-Replacement Plant | year=1983 | last1=Stermitz | first1=Frank R. | last2=Suess | first2=Terry R. | last3=Schauer | first3=Cynthia K. | last4=Anderson | first4=Oren P. | last5=Bye | first5=Robert A. | journal=Journal of Natural Products | volume=46 | issue=3 | pages=417–423 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> however, do not report any evidence or suggest that the phenanthrenoids from ''Trichocentrum'' possess psychoactive properties. ==Systematics== There is disagreement as to the [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomic]] status of some species that have recently been moved from ''[[Oncidium]]'' to ''Trichocentrum''. Morphological characteristics of "typical" trichocentrums, such as being relatively small and squat with a short, few-to-several flowered inflorescence, contrasts sharply with the larger, heavier oncidiums with long, "mule-ear" leaves and showy, branched inflorescences with many flowers, or the "rat-tail" species with [[terete]] leaves. While studies of [[molecular phylogeny]] has caused substantial reclassifications,<ref>Williams et al. (2001)</ref> it is uncertain whether this new scheme will be widely adopted. As with many plants, [[hybrid (biology)|hybrid]]isation might heavily confound [[cladistic]] analyses, though the exact extent is unknown. Hybridisation of ''Trichocentrum'' with ''Oncidium'' has resulted in the hybrid genus [[× Trichocidium|× ''Trichocidium'']] for example, and similar events in the past would result in unrealistic assessments of relationship based on molecular phylogenetic studies with too limited a scope. ==Species== [[Image:Trichocentrum fuscum (T. cornucopiae) - pl 1.jpg|thumb|right|Dark trichocentrum, ''[[Trichocentrum fuscum]]'']] [[Image:Trichocentrum hoegei - Xenia 3 pl 234.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Trichocentrum hoegei]]''<br />parts drawing, 1900 illustration <ref>Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach - Xenia orchidace vol. 3 plate 234 (1900)</ref>]] [[Image:Oncidium lanceanum - fl 1.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Trichocentrum lanceanum]]'']] [[Image:Trichocentrum-microchilum.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Trichocentrum microchilum]]'']] [[Image:Trichocentrum-splendidum.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Trichocentrum splendidum]]'']] [[File:A and B Larsen orchids - Trichocentrum tigrinum 152-22.jpg|thumb|right|[[Tiger-like Trichocentrum]], ''[[Trichocentrum tigrinum]]'']] # ''[[Trichocentrum aguirrei]]'' (Colombia) # ''[[Trichocentrum albococcineum]]'' – [[White-scarlet Trichocentrum]] (N Brazil to Peru) # ''[[Trichocentrum ascendens]]'' (Mexico to W South America) # ''[[Trichocentrum aurisasinorum]]'' (Central America) # ''[[Trichocentrum bicallosum]]'' (Oaxaca, Chiapas to Central America) # ''[[Trichocentrum brachyceras]]'' (Colombia) # ''[[Trichocentrum brevicalcaratum]]'' (Peru) # ''[[Trichocentrum caloceras]]'' (Costa Rica) # ''[[Trichocentrum candidum]]'' – [[White Trichocentrum]] (Veracruz to Chiapas to Central America) # ''[[Trichocentrum capistratum]]'' – [[Halter Trichocentrum]] (Costa Rica to Venezuela) # ''[[Trichocentrum carthagenense]]'' (Caribbean, Mexico to N Brazil) # ''[[Trichocentrum cavendishianum]]'' (Mexico to Central America) # ''[[Trichocentrum cebolleta]]'' (S Caribbean, Mexico to NE Argentina) # ''[[Trichocentrum costaricense]]'' (Costa Rica) # ''[[Trichocentrum cymbiglossum]]'' (Costa Rica) # ''[[Trichocentrum dianthum]]'' <small>Pupulin & Mora-Retana</small> (Costa Rica)<!-- CurtisBotMag22:56. --> # ''[[Trichocentrum estrellense]]'' (Costa Rica) # ''[[Trichocentrum flavovirens]]'' (SW Mexico) # ''[[Trichocentrum fuscum]]'' – [[Dark Trichocentrum]] (S Tropical America) # ''[[Trichocentrum haematochilum]]'' (Trinidad) # ''[[Trichocentrum hartii]]'' (Venezuela) # ''[[Trichocentrum hoegei]]'' (Mexico: Veracruz, Guerrero, Oaxaca) # ''[[Trichocentrum ionopthalmum]]'' (N Brazil) # ''[[Trichocentrum johnii]]'' (Mexico) # ''[[Trichocentrum jonesianum]]'' (Bolivia and Brazil to NE Argentina) # ''[[Trichocentrum lacerum]]'' (C. America to Colombia) # ''[[Trichocentrum lanceanum]]'' (Trinidad to S Tropical America) # ''[[Trichocentrum leeanum]]'' (Colombia) # ''[[Trichocentrum lindenii]]'' (Mexico to Guatemala) # ''[[Trichocentrum longicalcaratum]]'' <small>Rolfe</small> # ''[[Trichocentrum lowii]]'' (Guatemala) # ''[[Trichocentrum luridum]]'' (Mexico to N South America) # ''[[Trichocentrum margalegfii]]'' (SW Mexico) # ''[[Trichocentrum × marvraganii]]'' (''T. jonesianum × T. straceyi'') (Bolivia) # ''[[Trichocentrum mattogrossense]]'' (Brazil: Mato Grosso) # ''[[Trichocentrum microchilum]]'' (Mexico: Chiapas to El Salvador) # ''[[Trichocentrum morenoi]]'' (Peru to Bolivia) # ''[[Trichocentrum nanum]]'' (S Tropical America) # ''[[Trichocentrum neudeckeri]]'' (Bolivia) # ''[[Trichocentrum nudum]]'' (Panama to Venezuela) # ''[[Trichocentrum obcordilabium]]'' (Ecuador) # ''[[Trichocentrum oestlundianum]]'' (SW Mexico) # ''[[Trichocentrum orthoplectron]]'' (Colombia to N Brazil) # ''[[Trichocentrum ostenianum]]'' (Paraguay) # ''[[Trichocentrum panduratum]]'' (N Peru) # ''[[Trichocentrum pfavii]]'' : Pfau's Trichocentrum (Central America) # ''[[Trichocentrum pinelii]]'' (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) # ''[[Trichocentrum pohlianum]]'' (SE Brazil) # ''[[Trichocentrum pongratzianum]]'' (Peru) # ''[[Trichocentrum popowianum]]'' (Ecuador) # ''[[Trichocentrum porphyrio]]'' (N Brazil) # ''[[Trichocentrum pulchrum]]'' – [[Long-spurred Trichocentrum]], [[Beautiful Trichocentrum]] (S Tropical America) # ''[[Trichocentrum pumilum]]'' (Brazil to NE Argentina) # ''[[Trichocentrum purpureum]]'' (Guyana) # ''[[Trichocentrum recurvum]]'' (Guiana, Suriname) # ''[[Trichocentrum silverarum]]'' (Panama) # ''[[Trichocentrum splendidum]]'' (Guatemala) # ''[[Trichocentrum sprucei]]'' (Suriname to Brazil) # ''[[Trichocentrum stacyi]]'' (Bolivia) # ''[[Trichocentrum stipitatum]]'' (Central America) # ''[[Trichocentrum stramineum]]'' (Mexico: Veracruz) # ''[[Trichocentrum teaguei]]'' (Bolivia) # ''[[Trichocentrum tenuiflorum]]'' (NE Brazil) # ''[[Trichocentrum teres]]'' (Costa Rica to Panama) # ''[[Trichocentrum tigrinum]]'' – [[Tiger-like Trichocentrum]] (Central America to Peru) # ''[[Trichocentrum undulatum]]'' (S Florida to N Brazil) # ''[[Trichocentrum viridulum]]'' (Colombia) # ''[[Trichocentrum wagneri]]'' (Brazil) # ''[[Trichocentrum wittii]]'' (Bolivia) ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * {{aut|Ackerman, J.D. and Chase, M.W.}} (2001): Notes on the Caribbean orchid flora, 4. More combinations in ''Trichocentrum'' and ''Cyrtochilum''. ''Lindleyana'' '''16'''(4): 225. * {{aut|Chase, M.W. and Williams, N.H.}} (2001): Additional transfers to ''Trichocentrum'' Poepp. & Endl. and ''Otoglossum'' Garay & Dunst. (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae). ''Lindleyana'' '''16'''(3): 218–219. * {{aut|Pupulin, Franco}} (1995): A revision of the genus ''Trichocentrum'' (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae). ''Lindleyana'' '''10'''(3): 183–210. [http://www.epidendra.org/taxones/Trichocentrum/Trichocentrum%20capistratum/Pupulin%201995%20Revision%20Trichocentrum.pdf URL] * {{aut|Sandoval-Zapotitla, E. and Terrazas, T.}} (2001): Leaf anatomy of 16 taxa of the ''Trichocentrum'' clade (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae). ''Lindleyana'' '''16'''(2): 81–93. * {{aut|Williams, N.H., Chase, M.W., Fulcher, T., and Whitten, W.M.}} (2001): Molecular systematics of the Oncidiinae based on evidence from four DNA sequence regions: expanded circumscriptions of ''Cyrtochilum, Erycina, Otoglossum'', and ''Trichocentrum'' and a new genus (Orchidaceae). ''Lindleyana'' '''16'''(2): 113–139. ==External links== *{{Commons-inline|Trichocentrum|''Trichocentrum''}} *{{Wikispecies-inline|Trichocentrum|''Trichocentrum''}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q2603797}} [[Category:Trichocentrum| ]] [[Category:Oncidiinae genera]] [[Category:Epiphytic orchids]]
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page
(
help
)
:
Template:Aut
(
edit
)
Template:Automatic taxobox
(
edit
)
Template:Cite journal
(
edit
)
Template:Commons-inline
(
edit
)
Template:PLANTS
(
edit
)
Template:Reflist
(
edit
)
Template:Short description
(
edit
)
Template:Taxonbar
(
edit
)
Template:Wikispecies-inline
(
edit
)