Editing Triumph TR4

{{Short description|British drophead coupé automobile (1961–1965)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2011}}
{{Infobox automobile
| image = 1962 Triumph TR4 2.1 Front.jpg
| name = Triumph TR4
| body_style = 2-door [[Convertible|Drophead coupé]]
| production = 18 July 1961–6 January 1965
| manufacturer = [[Triumph Motor Company]]
| assembly = {{ubl|[[United Kingdom]]: [[Canley]], [[Coventry]]|[[Belgium]]: [[Mechelen]], [[Antwerp]]|Italy: [[Borgo Panigale]], [[Bologna]] (Ducati)<ref name="zwischengas-jun2022"/>}}
| class = [[Sports car]]
| predecessor = [[Triumph TR3]]
| successor = [[Triumph TR4A]]
| engine = {{cvt|2138|cc|cuin|1}} [[Straight-four engine|I4]]
| layout = [[FR layout]]
| transmission = 4-speed [[manual transmission|manual]]<ref name="carfolio-specs"/>
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2238|mm|in|1}}<ref name="carfolio-specs"/>
| length = {{cvt|3962|mm|in|1}}<ref name="carfolio-specs"/>
| width = {{cvt|1461|mm|in|1}}<ref name="carfolio-specs"/>
| height = {{cvt|1270|mm|in|1}}<ref name="carfolio-specs"/>
| weight = {{cvt|966|kg|lb|0}}<ref name="carfolio-specs"/>
| designer = [[Giovanni Michelotti]]<ref name="scm"/>
| sp = uk
}}
The '''Triumph TR4''' is a [[sports car]] produced by the [[Triumph Motor Company]] from 1961 to 1965. Successor to the [[Triumph TR3#TR3A|TR3A]], the TR4's chassis and drivetrain are closely related to those of its predecessor, but with an updated body designed by [[Giovanni Michelotti|Michelotti]].

== Development ==
Triumph began planning a successor to the TR3 as early as 1956. At the time, the company was facing a number of challenges. Lack of capital to fund development was partly relieved by the sale of Triumph's tractor division to Massey-Harris of Canada. A long overdue refresh of their small sedans was further complicated by the departure of chief stylist Walter Belgrove over a disagreement with the direction of the redesign.<ref name="krausebook-ch3"/>

After being introduced to [[Giovanni Michelotti]], Triumph managing director Alick Dick invited the Italian designer to produce a [[concept car]] for the British company.<ref name="krausebook-ch3"/> Michelotti responded with the Triumph TR3 Speciale, also called the "TR Dream Car".<ref name="alkureishibook"/>

Built by [[Vignale]] on an unmodified TR3 chassis, Michelotti's TR Dream Car incorporated many styling cues from contemporary American practice, including tailfins, a full width grille, lidded headlamps in the tops of the front wings, and a two-tone paint treatment.<ref name="krausebook-ch3"/><ref name="rlh-history"/> The TR3 Speciale debuted at the [[Geneva International Motor Show]] in March 1957.<ref name="auwm-oct2012"/> Triumph deemed the car too expensive to put into production, but did give the job of designing the new [[Triumph Herald]] to Michelotti.<ref name="pa-prototypes"/><ref name="krausebook-ch3"/>

Later in 1957 Standard-Triumph commissioned Michelotti to develop a serious proposal for a revised TR. A prototype, code-named ''Zest'' and built on a TR3A chassis, was complete by 1958.<ref name="pa-prototypes"/><ref name="auwm-oct2012"/><ref name="rlh-history"/> The ''Zest'' received a full-width body style, with headlamps that were inset from the sides and set high in the grille to stand above the bonnet, which was shaped into cowls over the lamps.

Around this time Triumph's Competitions department was working on a new high-performance engine with the development label ''20X'', later named  [[Triumph Sabrina engine|Sabrina]] after contemporary British actress [[Sabrina (actress)|Norma Ann Sykes]], the 20X is an inline four cylinder engine with [[Overhead camshaft engine#Double overhead camshaft (DOHC)|dual overhead camshafts]], and was expected to develop {{cvt|160|hp|kW|0}}. To accommodate the engine, a chassis was created that widened the track by four inches and extended the wheelbase by six inches over those of the TR3.<ref name="rlh-history"/>

In late 1958 Triumph commissioned Michelotti to create a body for the 20X development chassis. The new shape, named ''Zoom'', was a full-width body, with tall doors having wind-down windows, and headlamps moved to the tops of the front wings. Two prototypes were complete by 1959; one convertible and one coupé with a removable roof panel.<ref name="auwm-oct2012"/><ref name="revington-zoom"/>

The ''Zoom'' body was used for the three Triumph TRS race cars fielded at the [[1960 24 Hours of Le Mans]], which were powered by three 20X DOHC engines.<ref name="auwm-oct2012"/> The cars staged a formation finish, but were unclassified due to having failed to cover their mandatory distance. The cars were revised and entered again in the 1961 race, where they finished ninth, eleventh, and fifteenth overall, and claimed the manufacturer's team prize for Triumph.<ref name="pendine-nov2018"/>

By the middle of 1960, Triumph had two potential TR replacements — ''Zest'' and ''Zoom'' — with a combined program cost of £676,000.<ref name="aro-rtpart2"/> Originally, ''Zest'' had been conceived as the TR3's replacement, while ''Zoom'' was considered for production as an upmarket model. Having seen ''Zoom'', some at Triumph wanted it to become the next TR, but the cost to produce a detuned 20X engine killed the project.<ref name="auwm-oct2012"/><ref name="krausebook-ch3"/>

Ultimately management decided that neither ''Zest'' nor ''Zoom'' adequately addressed the target market, so the final design for the TR4 was based on ''Zest'', but included some features from ''Zoom'', including the wider track and hardtop option.<ref name="aro-rtpart3"/><ref name="auwm-oct2012"/><ref name="krausebook-ch3"/>

==Features==
===Body and chassis===
The TR4's new body, produced in Triumph's Speke factory, does away with the cutaway door design and sloping boot lid of the previous TRs.<ref name="trdc-tr4"/> The taller doors allow room for wind-down windows in place of the previous side-curtains, making the TR4 a true convertible. The taller, more squared-off rear body line encloses a capacious boot for a sports car.

The car's bonnet has a power bulge or "bubble" offset to one side to clear the engine's two carburettors. Early cars have a short bubble, while cars after CT 6429 have a longer bubble.<ref name="bcf-nov2004"/><ref name="te-mar2001"/>

[[File:TR4 with surrey top.jpg|thumb|left|Hardtop with centre panel removed]]
The TR4 offered an optional hard top consisting of a fixed glass backlight with integral rollbar and a detachable centre panel made of aluminium on the first 500 units, and steel on subsequent cars. Featured on one of the ''Zoom'' prototypes, this was the first such roof system on a production car, predating the [[Porsche 911]]/[[Porsche 912|912]] [[Targa top|Targa]] by five years.<ref name="revington-zoom"/>

On the TR4 the rigid roof panel could be replaced with a vinyl insert and supporting frame. While the rigid panel could not be stowed in the car, the vinyl insert and frame could be. The factory offered the rigid top and backlight assembly as the "Hard Top kit", and the vinyl insert and frame separately as the "Surrey top".

[[File:Nottuln, Oldtimermuseum, Triumph TR4 -- 2021 -- 4516.jpg|thumb|Fascia]]
The revised interior introduced adjustable [[fascia (car)|fascia]] ventilation and a collapsible steering column.<ref name="msm-sep1961"/> Features such as these were seen as necessary to keep pace with the competition, particularly in the important US market where the majority of TR4s were sold.

The TR4 uses essentially the same ladder chassis with central cruciform bracing as the TR3. At {{cvt|88.1|in|mm|0}}, the TR4 has the same wheelbase as the earlier car, but its track widths are {{cvt|4|in|mm|0}} wider in front and {{cvt|2.5|in|mm}} wider in back than the earlier model.<ref name="trdc-tr4"/><ref name="rbros-catalogue1"/>

===Powertrain===
[[File:Triumph TR4 (1963) - 14253179157.jpg|thumb|TR4 engine with SU carburettors]]
The TR4 uses the same [[Standard wet liner inline-four engine]] that powered the TR2 and TR3 models, but with displacement increased from 1991&nbsp;cc to 2138&nbsp;cc by enlarging the bore from {{cvt|83| to |86|mm|in|3}}. The cast iron block carries the crankshaft in three main bearings, and the cast iron head has two valves per cylinder driven from a camshaft in the block via pushrods and rocker arms. The 1991&nbsp;cc engine was a no-cost option for cars whose owners planned to race in the under-two-litre classes of the day. At different times the factory installed either a pair of SU H6 carburettors, or a pair of Zenith-Stromberg CD175s.

The car's four speed plus reverse [[manual transmission]] has [[synchromesh]] on all forward gears, an upgrade from the transmission in the TR3 which did not synchronize first gear. Additionally, the optional [[Overdrive (mechanics)#In Europe|Laycock de Normanville]] electrically operated overdrive could be selected for second, third, and fourth gears, effectively providing the TR4 with a seven-speed close ratio gearbox.

===Running gear===
The TR4's front suspension consists of upper and lower wishbones, and telescopic dampers. Running changes to the car included a revised front suspension geometry, indicated by a smooth upper wishbone, and a revised front brake caliper and pad size.<ref name="trdc-tr4"/>

The rear suspension includes a [[Beam axle|live axle]] with semi-elliptical springs, and lever-arm dampers.

The TR4 is fitted with [[rack and pinion steering]], replacing the cam and lever system used on the earlier TR models.<ref name="trdc-tr4"/>

The TR4 was originally fitted with 15x4.5" disc wheels. Optional 48-lace wire wheels could be ordered with one of three finishes: painted the same colour as the car's bodywork (rare), stove-enamelled (matte silver with chrome spinners, most common) or in matte or polished chrome finishes (originally rare, but now more common). Originally, the tyres most commonly fitted were 590-15 [[Bias-ply tire|bias ply]] or optional radial tyres. At one point, American Racing alloy (magnesium and aluminium) wheels were offered in the US as an option, in 15x5.5" or 15x6" size.

==Production and sales==
[[File:TR4 rear.jpg|thumb|'Signal Red' was a popular color choice for the TR4]]
The first production TR4 was built on 18 July 1961, and received commission number CT1. The last car was built on 6 January 1965, with commission number CT40304.<ref name="rbros-catalogue2"/> Final assembly of the cars was done at Triumph's Canley-Fletchamstead factory near Coventry.<ref name="auwm-oct2012"/> TR4s were also assembled from [[Knock-down kit|Complete Knock-Down]] (CKD) kits in Mechelen, Belgium and Borgo Panigale, Italy, the latter in a factory owned by [[Ducati]].<ref name="knowlesbook"/><ref name="zwischengas-jun2022"/>

American Triumph dealers were concerned that buyers might not accept the car's updated styling, so a brief special run of TR3s, commonly called [[Triumph TR3#TR3B|TR3B]]s, was produced for the US market in 1961 and '62. These cars have the body and chassis of the TR3A, but the 2138&nbsp;cc engine and fully synchronised gearbox from the TR4.<ref name="trdc-tr3b"/>

A small number of TR4s were put to use as "Fast Pursuit Cars" by police departments in places such as Manchester City and the Southend-on-Sea Borough.<ref name="licu-jul2019"/><ref name="petrolicious-jun2016"/>

40,253 TR4s were built during its 3 and 1/2 year production run, of which 37,661 cars were sold in export markets (primarily the US), and only 2,592 cars sold domestically.<ref name="rbros-catalogue1"/> In comparison, 8,635 TR2s were sold during its 3-year run from 1953–1955; 74,800 TR3s in an 8-year run from 1955 to 1962; 94,500 [[Triumph TR6|TR6]]s in a 9-year run from 1968–1976, and 111,500 [[Triumph TR7|TR7]]s over a 7-year run from 1975–1981.<ref name="harveybook"/>

As of Q2 2022 there were approximately 953 licensed and 216 [[SORN]] TR4s registered with the [[DVLA]].<ref name="hml-tr4"/><ref name="dft-licenced"/>

== Technical data ==
{{Table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable defaultcenter col1left"
|-
! width="240"|Triumph TR4
! width="600"|Detail:<ref name="carfolio-specs"/><ref name=":0"/><ref name="us-specs"/><ref name="mm-specs"/>
|-
|Engine: || [[Standard wet liner inline-four engine]]
|-
|Bore × Stroke: || {{cvt|86| × |92|mm|in|3}}
|-
|Displacement: ||  {{cvt|2138|cc|cuin|1}}
|-
|Maximum power: || {{cvt|100|bhp|kW|1}} at 4,600 rpm
|-
|Maximum torque: || {{cvt|127|ftlb|Nm|1}} at 3,350 rpm
|-
|Compression ratio: || 9.0:1
|-
|Valvetrain:&nbsp; || Single [[cam-in-block]], pushrods, rocker arms, 2 [[Overhead valve engine|overhead valves]] per cylinder
|-
|Induction:&nbsp; || Two [[Zenith Carburettor Company (British)|Stromberg]] 175CD [[carburettors]]<br>or<br>Two SU H6 carburettors
|-
|Cooling:&nbsp; || [[Radiator (engine cooling)#Automobiles and motorcycles|Water-cooled]]
|-
|Transmission:&nbsp; || 4-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]] with reverse (optional overdrive)
|-
|Final drive ratio:&nbsp; || 3.7:1 (4.1:1 optional)
|-
|Steering:&nbsp; || [[Alford & Alder]] [[Rack and pinion#Steering|rack and pinion]]
|-
|Turns lock-to-lock:&nbsp; || 2.5
|-
|Turning circle:&nbsp; || {{cvt|33|ft|m|1}}
|-
|Brakes f/r: || Girling discs/drums
|-
|Suspension front: || Upper and lower wishbones, coil springs, telescopic dampers
|-
|Suspension rear: || Live axle, semi-elliptical springs, lever-arm dampers
|-
|Body/Chassis: ||  Steel body on steel ladder chassis
|-
|Track f/r: || {{cvt|49| / |48|in|mm|0||abbr=on}} (disc wheels)<br>{{cvt|50| / |49|in|mm|0|}} (wire wheels)
|-
|[[Wheelbase]]: || {{cvt|2238|mm|in|1||order=flip}}
|-
|Tyres: || 5.5/5.90x15 / 165x15 (Michelin X)
|-
|Length<br>Width<br>Height: || {{cvt|3962|mm|in|1|order=flip}}<br>{{cvt|1461|mm|in|1|order=flip}}<br>{{cvt|1270|mm|in|1|order=flip}}
|-
|Weight: || {{cvt|2128|lbs|kg|0}}
|-
|Capacities:&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fuel:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cooling:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sump:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Transmission: || &nbsp;<br>{{cvt|14|usgal|1}}<br>{{cvt|16.8|uspt|1}}<br>{{cvt|13.2|uspt|1}}<br>{{cvt|1.8|uspt|1}} (non-overdrive)<br>{{cvt|4.2|uspt|1|abbr=on}} (overdrive)
|-
|Fuel consumption:&nbsp; || {{cvt|22.5|mpgimp}}
|-
|Maximum speed: || {{cvt|103|mph|kph|0}}
|}

==Performance==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Acceleration
! Time<ref name="autocar"/>
|-
| {{cvt|0|–|30|mi/h|km/h}}
| 3.7 s
|-
| {{cvt|0|–|50|mi/h|km/h}}
| 8.3 s
|-
| {{cvt|0|–|60|mi/h|km/h}}
| 10.9 s
|-
| {{cvt|0|–|80|mi/h|km/h}}
| 20.9 s
|-
| {{cvt|0|–|90|mi/h|km/h}}
| 28.2 s
|-
| {{cvt|0|–|100|mi/h|km/h}}
| 46.3 s
|}

==Motorsports==
The TR4 had a number of racing successes in America, primarily through the efforts of Californian engineer [[Kas Kastner]] and his top driver, [[Bob Tullius]].

In 1961 the TR4 with commission number CT 7L, driven by George Waltman and Nick Cone, won first in class and thirtieth overall at [[Sebring International Raceway|Sebring]]. In 1962 the TR4 won the E production national championship, after which the SCCA reclassified the car to D production, which class Tullius won in 1963 and '64. Soon after the TR4 was introduced, Kastner and with Mike Cook from the advertising department at Triumph in New York City convinced the company to provide three new TR4s to race in the [[12 Hours of Sebring]] in 1963. Preparation of the cars began in September 1962 in California, where Kastner was service supervisor for Triumph. The cars were then flown to Florida for the endurance race in March 1963. Driven by Mike Rothschild and Peter Bolton from England, Bob Tullius, Charlie Gates, Ed Deihl, Bob Cole, Bruce Kellner and Jim Spencer, the cars finished 22nd, 24th, and 35th overall of 65 entries, and first, second, and fourth in the 2.5 GT class.<ref name="sltoa1112"/> This was the genesis of the Triumph Competition Department led by Kastner for several years and used to publicize and market the TR4. The next year a privateer TR4 finished dead last in the 1964 running of the Sebring 12-hour race. Kastner returned to Sebring in 1966 with four carefully prepared TR4As, three of which finished winning the class. At Sebring in 1966, Tullius threw a piston in the most highly tuned car and did not finish. Perhaps the greatest racing victory for the TR4A was at Daytona, where a Kastner-prepared car driven by Charlie Gates won the 1965 SCCA D modified championship against Ferraris and other prepared race car exotica.

In 1964 the factory-sponsored Team Triumph entered three TR4s in the Canadian [http://www.shell-4000-rally.org Shell 4000 rally]. These "works" cars were reportedly built with gussets on the chassis members and aluminium body panels to strengthen and lighten the car. After import, the engines were prepared by Kastner in New York, where they were also fitted with lightweight magnesium wheels.<ref name="krausebook"/>{{rp|118}}<ref name="warringtonbook"/> Although they did not place well in the rally, the surviving cars have become quite valuable, one of which is owned by Neil Revington, the proprietor of Revington TR in the UK. Indeed, the TR4 became a celebrated rally car in Europe and the UK during early to mid-sixties, and various replicas are still campaigned by privateers in vintage rally events throughout Europe.

The TR4 continues to be raced in vintage sports car events, and even won an SCCA class championship as late as 1991. In Australia the TR4 was a common sight at hill-climb events and various club rallies and circuit racing events.

==TR4A==
{{Main|Triumph TR4A}}
In 1965, the TR4A superseded the TR4. Although appearing nearly identical to the TR4, the TR4A was equipped with a significantly revised chassis, an [[independent rear suspension]] (IRS), and a wider front and rear track, as well as numerous changes to the exterior trim and interior fitments. An estimated 25% of TR4As sold in the US were not equipped with IRS but instead reverted to a live axle system similar to the TR4's on a slightly modified TR4A chassis.

==Dové GTR4==
[[File:Dove GTR4 (based on Triumph TR4) (10949849796).jpg|thumb|Dové GTR4 rear three-quarter view]]

A total of 43 Dové GTR4 and GTR4A fixed head coupés were produced at the direction of L. F. Dove Ltd., an auto dealership in Wimbledon, London. The conversions from standard TR4s were done by [[coachbuilder]] [[Thomas Harrington Ltd|Harrington Motor Bodyworks]], best known for building the Harrington Alpine, a similarly converted [[Sunbeam Alpine]].<ref name="trdc-dove"/> Conceived as a more weather-proof alternative to the drophead coupé TR4, the Dové provided a way for Dove Ltd. to enter the market for GT automobiles. The company substituted an accented vowel at the end of the Dové name, although it is not typically pronounced.<ref name="piggottbook1"/>

The cars came with a heater in the engine's water jackets to assist cold starts. Tinted swing-down see-through [[Poly(methyl methacrylate)|acrylic]] sun visors were custom fitted. Two jump seats were located behind the driver's and passenger's seats, covered in material that matched the original TR4 upholstery. A wood-rimmed wheel with riveted perimeter was fitted to some models, along with auxiliary lamps under the front bumper bars. A metallised identifying sticker with "Dové" on it was fitted to the [[Glove compartment|glovebox]] cover. On the left rear deck below the boot cover was another identifying badge with the Dové logo. The side window glasses were specially shaped, with a flat top edge to fit the new roof line. Some were fitted with a fully balanced motor built by either [[Jack Brabham]] Motors or Laystall Engineering in London, which was offered as an option in the sales catalogue. Each Dové was an individual order, with some variations between each car. The cars were priced at an expensive £1250. Although most Dovés were based on the TR4 model, some brochures include pictures of a TR4A-based version.

The aerodynamics of the Dové gave it good acceleration from {{cvt|80| to |100|mi/h|km/h}} in comparison with the TR4 drophead coupé. One example was exported for sale through Australian Motor Industries in Melbourne, Australia. A road test of one of these cars was reported in ''[[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]]'' magazine dated 7 June 1963, and in ''[[Autosport (magazine)|Autosport]] magazine on 12 July 1963.<ref name="autocar-jun1963"/><ref name="autosport-jul1963"/> Up to a dozen of the cars are known to still exist.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="zwischengas-jun2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.zwischengas.com/de/blog/2022/06/18/Was-der-Triumph-TR4-mit-Ducati-zu-tun-hat.html |title=Was der Triumph TR4 mit Ducati zu tun hat |trans-title=What the Triumph TR4 has to do with Ducati |language=de |last=Krüger |first=Paul |date=18 June 2022 |website=www.zwischengas.com |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

<ref name="scm">{{cite journal |last=Trummel |first=Reid |title=1961 Triumph TR4 |journal=[[Sports Car Market]] |date=March 2013 |volume=25|issue=3 |page=42}}</ref>

<ref name="carfolio-specs">{{Cite web |url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=55737 |title=1961 Triumph TR4 |access-date=1 January 2008 |work=carfolio.com}}</ref>

<ref name="krausebook-ch3">{{cite book |last=Krause |first=G. William |author-link= |date=8 September 2017 |title=The Illustrated History of Triumph Sports and Racing Cars |chapter=The Italian Job |url=https://static.summitracing.com/global/images/technicalarticles/sad-ct596.pdf |location= |publisher=CarTech |pages=42–63 |isbn=978-1613253397 }}</ref>

<ref name="alkureishibook">{{cite book |last=Alkureishi |first=Ross |author-link= |date=20 June 2023 |title=Triumph Cars: 100 Years |section=Giovanni Michelotti |url= |location= |publisher=Motorbooks |page=89 |isbn=978-0760376492 }}</ref>

<ref name="rlh-history">{{cite web |url=https://www.geocities.com/michelotti_tr/history.html |last=Hatfield |first=Raymond L. |title=History of the Michelotti TR |date= |publisher= |access-date=2023-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022054036/https://www.geocities.com/michelotti_tr/history.html |archive-date=2009-10-22 }}</ref>

<ref name="auwm-oct2012">{{cite web |url=https://ateupwithmotor.com/model-histories/triumph-tr4-tr4a/view-all/ |title=Grandfather's Ax: The Many Evolutions of the Triumph TR4, Part 1: TR4 and TR4A |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=22 October 2012 |website=ateupwithmotor.com |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

<ref name="pa-prototypes">{{cite web |url=http://tr4a.weebly.com/triumph-tr4-tr4a-prototypes.html |title=Triumph TR4 and TR4A Prototypes |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=tr4a.weebly.com |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

<ref name="revington-zoom">{{cite web |url=https://www.revingtontr.com/the-tr-series/tr-derivatives/zoom-prototype |title=ZOOM Prototype |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=www.revingtontr.com |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

<ref name="pendine-nov2018">{{cite web |url=https://pendine.com/cars-for-sale/1960-triumph-trs/ |title=1960 Triumph TRS — Ex works 1960 and 1961 Le Mans Entry |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2018-11-15 |website=pendine.com |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

<ref name="aro-rtpart2">{{cite web |url=https://www.aronline.co.uk/history/the-rover-triumph-story/1960-expansion/ |title=History: The Rover-Triumph story — Part Two: 1960 |last=Nicholls |first=Ian |date=7 July 2019 |website=www.aronline.co.uk |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

<ref name="aro-rtpart3">{{cite web |url=https://www.aronline.co.uk/history/the-rover-triumph-story/1961-leylands-takeover/ |title=History: The Rover-Triumph story — Part Three: 1961 |last=Nicholls |first=Ian |date=7 July 2019 |website=www.aronline.co.uk |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

<ref name="trdc-tr4">{{cite web |url=https://www.trdrivers.com/articles21/triumphtr4.html |title=Triumph TR4 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=www.trdrivers.com |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

<ref name="bcf-nov2004">{{cite mailing list |url=https://www.britishcarforum.com/community/threads/bonnett-short-bubble-62-vs-long-bubble.6898/ |title=Bonnett Short Bubble [62] vs long Bubble |date=12 November 2004 |access-date=14 November 2023 |mailing-list=British Car Forum |last= |first= |author-link= }}</ref>

<ref name="te-mar2001">{{cite mailing list |url=https://www.triumphexp.com/forum/triumphs-list-archive.17/62-tr4-long-or-short-bubble.1118680/ |title=62 TR4 Long or Short Bubble |date=2 March 2001 |access-date=15 November 2023 |mailing-list=Triumph Experience |last= |first= |author-link= }}</ref>

<ref name="msm-sep1961">{{cite magazine |last=Boddy |first=Bill |date= |title=The new Triumph TR4 |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/september-1961/17/the-new-triumph-tr4/ |magazine=[[Motor Sport (magazine)|Motor Sport]] |location= |publisher= |access-date=}}</ref>

<ref name="rbros-catalogue1">{{cite magazine |last=Robson |first=Graham |title=TR2 to TR5 — 15 Years of Innovation |url=https://rimmerbros.com/images/PDFs/TR2-5_Part1.pdf |magazine=Triumph TR2 – TR3/3A, TR4/4A – TR5, TR250 1953 – 1968 Parts & Accessories Catalogue |location= |edition=2.1 |pages=5, 6 |publisher=Rimmer Bros. |date= |access-date=}}</ref>

<ref name="rbros-catalogue2">{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Vehicle Identification — All Models |url=https://rimmerbros.com/images/PDFs/TR2-5_Part1.pdf |magazine=Triumph TR2 – TR3/3A, TR4/4A – TR5, TR250 1953 – 1968 Parts & Accessories Catalogue |location= |edition=2.1 |page=7 |publisher=Rimmer Bros. |date= |access-date=}}</ref>

<ref name="knowlesbook">{{cite book |last=Knowles |first=David |author-link= |date=15 July 2016 |title=Triumph TR6 — The Complete Story |url= |location= |publisher=Crowood Press |page= |isbn=978-1785001376 }}</ref>

<ref name="trdc-tr3b">{{cite web |url=https://www.trdrivers.com/triumph_tr3b.html |title=The TR Drivers Club — Triumph TR3B |last=Cassar |first=Greg |date=March 2015 |website=www.trdrivers.com |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

<ref name="licu-jul2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.lancasterinsurance.co.uk/news/2019/july/05/an-arresting-triumph-southend-on-sea-polices-tr4/ |title=An Arresting Triumph - Southend-on-Sea Police's TR4 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=5 July 2019 |website=www.lancasterinsurance.co.uk |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

<ref name="petrolicious-jun2016">{{cite web |url=https://petrolicious.com/marketplace/1962-triumph-tr4-police-car |title='High Speed Pursuit' 1962 Triumph TR4 Police Cruiser ($79,000) |last=Golseth |first=Andrew |date=20 June 2016 |website=petrolicious.com |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

<ref name="harveybook">{{cite book |last=Harvey |first=Chris |author-link= |date=1 January 1983 |title=TR for Triumph |url= |location= |publisher=Haynes Publications |page= |isbn=978-0902280946 }}</ref>

<ref name="hml-tr4">{{cite web |url=http://www.howmanyleft.co.uk/vehicle/triumph_tr4 |title=How Many Left web site |publisher=howmanyleft.co.uk |access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="dft-licenced">{{cite web |url=http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/vehicles/licensing/ |title=Vehicle licensing statistics |publisher=Department of Transport |access-date=17 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829152645/http://www2.dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/vehicles/licensing/ |archivedate=29 August 2011}}</ref>

<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Triumph TR4 Owners Handbook|publisher=Standard Triumph Sales Ltd. 6th Edition |year=1961 |isbn=0-948207-66-3 |pages=60}}</ref>

<ref name="us-specs">{{cite web |url=https://www.ultimatespecs.com/car-specs/Triumph/19630/Triumph-TR4-.html |title=Triumph TR4 Specs |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=ultimatespecs.com |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

<ref name="mm-specs">{{cite web |url=https://mossmotors.com/tr4-early |title=Car Specifications — TR4 Early |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=mossmotors.com |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

<ref name="autocar">{{cite magazine |title=Triumph TR4 |magazine=Autocar |date=5 January 1962 |pages=6–10 }}</ref>

<ref name="sltoa1112">{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Backwards Glance: Kas Kastner |url=http://www.sltoa.org/exhaust/2011/12/SLTOA1112.pdf |magazine=Exhaust Notes |location=St. Louis |publisher=St Louis Triumph Owners Association |date=December 2011 |volume=13 |issue=12 |pages=5, 8 }}</ref>

<ref name="krausebook">{{cite book |last=Krause |first=G. William |date=8 September 2017 |title=The Illustrated History of Triumph Sports and Racing Cars |publisher=CarTech |isbn=978-1613253397 }}</ref>

<ref name="warringtonbook">{{cite book |last=Warrington |first=Kevin |date=21 November 2016 |title=Triumph TR: From Beginning to End |publisher=The Crowood Press UK |isbn=978-1785001871 }}</ref>

<ref name="trdc-dove">{{cite web |url=https://www.trdrivers.com/articles21/thedovegtr4.html |title=The Dove GTR4 |last=Dival |first=Steve |date= |website=www.trdrivers.com |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

<ref name="piggottbook1">{{cite book |last=Piggott |first=Bill |author-link= |date=26 December 1998 |title=Original Triumph Tr4/4A/5/6 |chapter=TR4 'GTR4 Dove' |url= |location= |publisher=Motorbooks |pages=105–108 |isbn=978-1901432046 }}</ref>

<ref name="autocar-jun1963">{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Dové GTR4 2,138 c.c. |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/triggerscarstuff/albums/72157641562434155/ |magazine=[[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] |pages=993–997|location= |publisher= |date=7 June 1963 |access-date=}}</ref>

<ref name="autosport-jul1963">{{cite magazine |last=Bolster |first=John |title=The Dové GTR4 |url=https://porschecarshistory.com/wp-content/old/lib/magazines/autosport/1963/AS1963.07.12.pdf#page=22 |magazine=[[Autosport (magazine)|Autosport]] |pages=59, 60|location= |publisher= |date=12 July 1963 |access-date=}}</ref>

}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Robson |first=Graham |author-link= |date=1 November 1996 |title=Triumph TRS — The Complete Story |url= |location= |publisher=Crowood Press |page= |isbn=978-1861260147 }}
* {{cite book |last=Piggott |first=Bill |author-link= |date=11 January 2016 |title=Original Triumph TR: The Restorer's Guide to TR2, TR3, TR3A, TR3B, TR4, TR5, TR250, TR6 |url= |location= |publisher=Herridge & Sons, Ltde. |page= |isbn=978-1906133689 }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Triumph TR4}}
* [http://www.triumphtr4.com/ Informational website dedicated to the Triumph TR4]

{{Authority control}}

{{Triumph Motor Company timeline}}

[[Category:Triumph Motor Company vehicles|TR4]]
[[Category:Sports cars]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1961]]
[[Category:1960s cars]]
[[Category:Convertibles]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:24 Hours of Le Mans race cars]]