Editing Trochophore

{{Short description|Type of free-swimming marine larva}}
[[Image:Trocofora.svg|right|thumb|'''The anatomy of a trochophore'''<br>
A - episphere<br>
B - hyposphere<br>
1 - [[ganglion|ganglia]]<br>
2 - apical tuft<br>
3 - prototroch<br>
4 - metatroch<br>
5 - nephridium<br>
6 - anus<br>
7 - proto[[nephridium|nephridia]]<br>
8 - gastrointestinal tract<br>
9 - buccal opening<br>
10 - [[blastocoele]]]]

A '''trochophore''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|r|oʊ|k|ə|ˌ|f|ɔər|,_|ˈ|t|r|ɒ|-|,_|-|k|oʊ|-}}{{refn|{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Trochophore |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322185819/https://www.lexico.com/definition/trochophore |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Trochophore |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}} }}{{refn|{{Dictionary.com|access-date=2016-01-21|Trochophore}}}}) is a type of free-swimming [[plankton]]ic marine [[larva]] with several bands of [[cilia]].

By moving their cilia rapidly, they make a water eddy to control their movement, and to bring their food closer in order to capture it more easily.

== Occurrence ==
Trochophores exist as a larval form within the [[trochozoa]]n clade, which include the [[entoprocta|entoprocts]], [[mollusc]]s, [[annelid]]s (including [[echiura]]ns and [[sipuncula]]ns) and [[nemertea]]ns.  Together, these phyla make up part of the [[Lophotrochozoa]]; it is possible that trochophore larvae were present in the life cycle of the group's common ancestor.

== Etymology ==
The term ''trochophore'' derives from the [[ancient Greek]] {{wikt-lang|grc|τροχός}} ({{grc-transl|τρόχος}}), meaning "wheel", and {{wikt-lang|grc|φέρω}} ({{grc-transl|φέρω}}) — or {{wikt-lang|grc|φορέω}} ({{grc-transl|φορέω}}) —, meaning 'to bear, to carry',<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tabularium.be/bailly/ |title=Greek-french dictionary online |last=Bailly |first=Anatole |website=www.tabularium.be |access-date=2017-01-24}}</ref> because the larva is bearing a wheel-shaped band of cilia.

== Feeding habits ==
Trochophore larvae are often planktotrophic; that is, they feed on other plankton species.

== Life cycle==
[[Image:Pomatoceros lamarckii development.jpg|thumb|left|Bright-field microscope image of trochophore of annelid ''[[Pomatoceros lamarckii]]'' (family [[Serpulidae]])<ref name="McDougall2006">{{cite journal |last1=McDougall |first1=Carmel |last2=Chen |first2=Wei-Chung |last3=Shimeld |first3=Sebastian M. |last4=Ferrier |first4=David E. K. |journal=Frontiers in Zoology |date=2006 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=16 |doi=10.1186/1742-9994-3-16|pmid=17032451 |pmc=1615870 |title=The development of the larval nervous system, musculature and ciliary bands of Pomatoceros lamarckii (Annelida): heterochrony in polychaetes. |doi-access=free }}</ref>]]
The example of the development of the annelid ''[[Pomatoceros lamarckii]]'' (family [[Serpulidae]]) shows various trochophore stages (image: D-F):<br>
D - early trochophore ;<br>
E - complete trochophore ;<br>
F - late trochophore ;<br>
G - [[metatrochophore]].

[[Image:Haliotis asinina trochophore.jpg|thumb|9-hour-old trochophore of the marine gastropod ''[[Haliotis asinina]]'' (sf - [[gastropod shell|shell]] field)<ref name="Jackson2007">{{cite journal |last1=Jackson |first1=Daniel J. |last2=Wörheide |first2=Gert |last3=Degnan |first3=Bernard M. |title=Dynamic expression of ancient and novel molluscan shell genes during ecological transitions |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |date=2007 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=160 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-7-160|pmid=17845714 |pmc=2034539 |bibcode=2007BMCEE...7..160J |doi-access=free }}</ref>]]
[[Image:Polyplacophora ontogeny.jpg|thumb|400px|left|Ontogeny of the [[Polyplacophora]]: First image shows the trochophore, second shows the stadium in metamorphosis, third is a juvenile (scanning electron microscope: SEM)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Trochophore}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Nielsen|first=Claus|date=2018-07-01|title=Origin of the trochophora larva|journal=Royal Society Open Science|language=en|volume=5|issue=7|pages=180042|doi=10.1098/rsos.180042|issn=2054-5703|pmc=6083724|pmid=30109065|bibcode=2018RSOS....580042N }}

{{Bivalve anatomy}}


[[Category:Larvae]]
[[Category:Lophotrochozoa]]