Editing Tu B'Av

{{Short description|Jewish holiday}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox holiday
|image         = PikiWiki Israel 1112 hadera ילדות רוקדות.jpg
|caption       = Dancing girls on Tu B'Av
|holiday_name  = Tu B'Av
|official_name = {{langx|he|ט״ו באב}} <br />[[English language|English]]: Fifteenth of Av
|date          = 15th day of [[Av (month)|Av]]
|observances   = [[Tachanun]] and similar prayers are omitted from daily prayers
|type          = [[Judaism|Jewish]]
|significance  = 
|relatedto     = 
|frequency     = Annual
| date{{LASTYEAR}}    = {{Calendar date/infobox|year=last|cite=no}}
| date{{CURRENTYEAR}} = {{Calendar date/infobox|year=current|cite=no}}
| date{{NEXTYEAR}}    = {{Calendar date/infobox|year=next|cite=no}}
| date{{NEXTYEAR|2}}  = {{Calendar date/infobox|year=next2|cite=no}}
}}

'''Tu B'Av''' ({{Langx|he|ט״ו באב||fifteenth of ''[[Av (month)|Av]]''}}) is a minor [[Jewish holiday]].<ref name="archivejewishagency">{{cite web |title=Tu Be'Av {{!}} The Jewish Agency |url=https://archive.jewishagency.org/holidays-and-memorial-days/content/24289 |website=archive.jewishagency.org |date=8 June 2005 |access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref> In modern-day [[Israel]], it is celebrated as a holiday of love ({{lang|he|חג האהבה}} {{transliteration|he| Ḥag HaAhava}}), akin to [[Valentine's Day]].<ref name="ynetnews">{{cite news |last1=Friedman |first1=Yoav |title=Tu B'Av: Reclaiming old traditions |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3756891,00.html |website=Ynetnews |access-date=7 August 2022 |language=en |date=4 August 2009}}</ref> It has been said to be an auspicious day for [[Jewish wedding|weddings]].

==Etymology==
Called Tu B'Av because of the sound of the two Hebrew letters whose combined numerical value corresponds to that of the date (15). The value 15 is obtained by combining the values of the letter Tet (9) and Vav (6), which, together, can be read as "tu," hence the name of the festival, Tu b'Av. The number 15 can also be obtained by combining the letters Yud (10) and Hey (5), but such combination would coincide with the first two letters of the [[Tetragrammaton]], and thus are supplanted by the letters Tet and Vav to avoid using a name for the divine. Av is the name of the month in the Jewish calendar.

==Historical significance==
According to the [[Mishna]], Tu B'Av was a joyous holiday in the days of the [[Temple in Jerusalem]], marking the beginning of the grape harvest.<ref>[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/tu-b-rsquo-av Jewish Holidays: Tu B’Av]</ref> On [[Yom Kippur]] and Tu B'Av, the unmarried girls of Jerusalem dressed in white garments and went out to dance in the vineyards.<ref name="myjewishlearning">{{cite web |title=Tu B'Av, the Jewish Day of Love |url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/tu-bav/ |website=My Jewish Learning |access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="archivejewishagency" /><ref>{{cite web |title=AB, FIFTEENTH DAY OF - JewishEncyclopedia.com |url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/111-ab-fifteenth-day-of |website=www.jewishencyclopedia.com |access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref>{{efn|However, scholar [[Eitam Henkin]] hypothesized that the meeting on vineyards only took place on [[Tu B'Av]], while the wearing of white clothing only took place on Yom Kippur, in contrast to the general presumption that both practices were done on both holidays.<ref>[https://asif.co.il/wpfb-file/%D7%98_%D7%95-%D7%91%D7%90%D7%91-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%94%D7%97%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9D-pdf/ ט ו באב – המחולות והחגים], p.71-72</ref>}} The [[Talmud]] states that there were no holy days as happy for the Jews as Tu B'Av and Yom Kippur.<ref name=t30/>

Various reasons for celebrating on Tu B'Av are cited by the Talmud and Talmudic [[meforshim|commentators]]:<ref name=t30>Mishna Taanit 4:8 and [[Babylonian Talmud]] [https://www.sefaria.org/Taanit.30b.8 30b-31a], Rashi on these</ref>
* While the Israelites wandered in the desert for forty years, female orphans without brothers could only marry within their tribe to prevent their father's inherited territory in the [[Land of Israel]] from passing on to other tribes, following the incident of the [[Daughters of Zelophehad]]. After the conquest and division of Canaan under [[Joshua]], this ban was lifted on the fifteenth of Av and inter-tribal marriage was allowed.
* At the end of Israel's wandering in the wilderness, the last remnant of the generation of the [[The Twelve Spies|sin of the spies]], which had been forbidden from entering the Promised Land, found that they were not destined to die. For forty years, every Tisha B'av the Israelites made graves for themselves in which they slept expecting to be their last night; every year a proportion of them died. In the 40th year, the fifteen thousand who had remained from the first generation went to sleep in the graves and woke up the next day to their surprise. Thinking they made a mistake with the date, they kept sleeping in graves until they reached Tu B'Av and saw a full moon. Only then did they know they were going to enter the Land of Israel with the new generation.
*The [[Tribe of Benjamin]] was allowed to intermarry with the other tribes after the incident of the [[Battle of Gibeah|Concubine of Gibeah]] (see {{Bibleverse|Judges|19–21|HE}}).
*Cutting of the wood for the main altar in the [[Temple in Jerusalem|Temple]] was completed for the year. The holiday celebrated the wood-offering brought in the Temple (see {{Bibleverse|Nehemiah|13:31|HE}}). [[Josephus]] refers to it as the Feast of Xylophory ("Wood-bearing").<ref>[[The Jewish War|Bellum Judaisum]] 2:17</ref>
*King [[Hoshea]] of the [[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|northern kingdom]] removed the sentries on the road leading to Jerusalem, allowing the [[ten tribes]] to once again have access to the [[Solomon's Temple|Temple]].
*The nights, traditionally the ideal time for [[Torah study]], are lengthened again after the summer [[solstice]], permitting more study.
*The Roman occupiers permitted burial of the victims of the massacre at [[Betar (fortress)|Bethar]] during the [[Bar Kochba rebellion]]. Miraculously, the [[Incorruptibility#Judaism|bodies had not decomposed]], despite exposure to the elements for over a year.

==Modern times==
Tu B'Av is a day of joy that follows [[Tisha B'Av]] by six days and contrasts with the sadness of Tisha B'Av.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Domnitch |first1=Larry |title=The Jewish Holidays: A Journey through History |date=31 March 2000 |publisher=Jason Aronson |isbn=978-1-4616-6243-3 |page=115 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BCApMSGhT00C |access-date=7 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Tu B'Av does not have many established religious rituals associated with its celebration except that [[Tachanun]] is not said—either at [[mincha]] the day before or on the day itself—and a bride and groom traditionally do not fast if their wedding falls on Tu B'Av. These customs commemorate the happy events that occurred in the history of the Jewish People.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tu B'Av - OU.ORG |url=http://www.ou.org/chagim/roshchodesh/av/tubav.htm |access-date=7 August 2022 |date=15 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715003742/http://www.ou.org/chagim/roshchodesh/av/tubav.htm |archive-date=15 July 2009 }}</ref>

In modern times, it has become a romantic Jewish holiday among secular Jews who mostly see it as the Jewish equivalent of [[Valentine's Day]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Tu B'Av |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3545584,00.html |website=Ynetnews |access-date=7 August 2022 |language=en |date=23 May 2008}}</ref> After experiencing a surge in popularity in the modern state of [[Israel]], Israelis prefer to celebrate love on Tu B'Av and North American Jewish organizations throw celebrations and offer teachings on Tu B'Av.<ref name="myjewishlearning" /><ref name="WhenIsraelisCelebrateLove">{{cite news |title=Valentine's Day – When do Israelis celebrate love? |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/when-do-israelis-celebrate-love-580517 |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post &#124; Jpost.com |access-date=7 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Celebrating love on Tu Be'av |url=https://www.jpost.com/judaism/jewish-holidays/celebrating-love-on-tu-beav-674538 |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post &#124; Jpost.com |access-date=7 August 2022}}</ref> It serves as a day for matchmaking, weddings, and proposing, but also for increasing Torah study.<ref name="macmillanjewishfamily">{{cite book |last1=Abramowitz |first1=Yosef I. |last2=Silverman |first2=Susan |title=Jewish Family and Life: Traditions, Holidays, and Values for Today's Parents and Children |date=15 September 1998 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-307-44086-0 |page=210 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fE0vAf2xw0kC |access-date=7 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Tu B'Av is more popular than Valentine's Day since secular Jews and [[Haredi]] celebrate Tu B'Av while Haredi are less likely to be aware of Valentine's Day.<ref name="WhenIsraelisCelebrateLove" />
==Pop culture==
In [[Isaac Blum]]'s 2022 novel, ''[[The Life and Crimes of Hoodie Rosen]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=The Life and Crimes of Hoodie Rosen|url=https://www.jewishbookcouncil.org/book/the-life-and-crimes-of-hoodie-rosen |access-date=7 July 2023 |date=28 November 2022}}</ref> the story begins during Tu B'Av.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{notelist}}

{{Jewish and Israeli holidays}}

[[Category:Av observances]]
[[Category:Days celebrating love]]
[[Category:Days of the Hebrew calendar|Av]]
[[Category:Minor Jewish holidays]]

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