Editing Tuxedo Mask

{{short description|Character in Sailor Moon}}
{{Eastern name order|Chiba Mamoru}}
{{Infobox character
| series = [[Sailor Moon]]
| image = TuxedoMask.jpg
| caption = Tuxedo Mask as drawn by [[Naoko Takeuchi]].
| first = ''Sailor Moon'' chapter 1: "Usagi - Sailor Moon" (1991)
| creator = [[Naoko Takeuchi]]
| voice = '''Japanese:'''<br />[[Tōru Furuya]]<br />[[Kenji Nojima]] (''Sailor Moon Crystal'')<br />'''English:'''<br />[[Rino Romano]] (DiC dub)<br />[[Toby Proctor]] (DiC dub)<br />[[Vincent Corazza]] (CWi dub)<br />[[Robbie Daymond]] (Viz dub)
| full_name = Mamoru Chiba
| alias = [[Crown prince|Prince]] Endymion (past life name)<br />[[Prince consort#King consort|King]] Endymion<br />Endou (manga)<br />Moonlight Knight (anime)<br />Metaria Endymion (''[[Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)|PGSM]]'')<br />Space Knight (musicals)
| relatives = Mr. Chiba (father, deceased)<br />Mrs. Chiba (mother, deceased)<br />[[Chibiusa|Small Lady]] (daughter)<br />[[List of Sailor Moon characters#Other humans|The Tsukino family]]
| lbl21 = Affiliations
| data21 = Sailor Guardians<br />[[Dark Kingdom]] (while brainwashed)<br />[[Shadow Galactica]] (manga and ''Sailor Moon Crystal'')
| lbl22 = Powers and Abilities
| data22 = <!-- Please DO NOT add any extra powers/abilities here without discussing on the talk page first. --> Psychic powers<br />Use of roses as darts<br />Energy projection
| lbl31 = Name
| lbl32 = Aliases
| nationality = Japanese
| spouse = [[Sailor Moon (character)|Sailor Moon / Neo-Queen Serenity]] (wife)
}}

{{nihongo|'''Tuxedo Mask'''|タキシード仮面|Takishīdo Kamen}}, also known as {{nihongo|'''Mamoru Chiba'''|地場 衛|Chiba Mamoru|renamed '''Darien Shields''' in some English adaptations}}, is a fictional character and one of the primary [[protagonists]] of the ''[[Sailor Moon]]'' media franchise created by [[Naoko Takeuchi]]. He disguises himself to support the series' central heroines, the Sailor Guardians. Wearing a mask to conceal his identity, he interferes with enemy operations, offers the Sailor Guardians advice, and sometimes physically aids them in battle. He is the guardian and protector of the [[Earth]], thus making him a member of the Sailor Guardians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://users.wfu.edu/gonzall/Sailor%20Moon/mamoru.html|title=Harmony Senshi : Tuxedo Mask's Profile}}</ref>

Like the Sailor Guardians, Tuxedo Mask possesses a [[talisman|power item]]: a Sailor Crystal, which gives him guardianship over the planet Earth. He also has [[psychic]] powers, including [[Psychometry (paranormal)|psychometry]] and [[healing]], which evolve and become important to the storyline in the manga, but which play only a minor role and remain static in the anime. Along with his primary [[love interest]] [[Sailor Moon (character)|Sailor Moon]], a significant player in much of the story, he has royal credentials in the "past life" storyline as well as in the future.

==Profile==
Mamoru Chiba first appears as a high-school student studying at Moto-Azabu High School. Before the beginning of the series, his parents are killed in a [[Traffic collision|car crash]] on his sixth birthday, which revealed the memories of his previous life as Prince Endymion.<ref name="Act3">{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume 1 |chapter= Act 3 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= July 6, 1992 |isbn= 978-4-06-178721-6}}</ref> Living alone, Mamoru befriends school student Usagi Tsukino. In the beginning of the series, dreams of Princess Serenity haunt Mamoru. Unaware of his dual-identity as Tuxedo Mask, he suffers painful visions whenever Usagi becomes endangered, and he transforms unknowingly into Tuxedo Mask. As Mamoru, he tries to piece together his strange dreams, and as Tuxedo Mask, he tries to remember his past and identity, while searching for Princess Serenity. He seeks the Legendary Silver Crystal in the belief that this will fully restore his previous memories. In the anime adaptation, he seeks it because Princess Serenity tells him to in a dream. Of all the characters, Mamoru gets brainwashed and captured the most throughout the series.

Mamoru and Usagi share romantic feelings well before they discover their identities.<ref name="Act3" /> Once they became a couple, they remain deeply devoted to each other and their love survives many trials. In the manga they briefly show [[jealousy]] towards each other. Usagi always addresses him as {{nihongo|"Mamo"|まもちゃん}} throughout the series during this time-period (Chibiusa also addresses him with this nickname later on). After dating for two years, Mamoru gives Usagi an [[engagement ring]] at an airport.<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume 16 |chapter= Act 43 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= September 6, 1996 |isbn= 978-4-06-178841-1 }}</ref> Five years later, Mamoru and Usagi [[marry]].<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume 18 |chapter= Act # |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= April 4, 1997 |isbn= 978-4-06-178858-9 }}</ref> In the future, they become king and queen and have a child together whom they name "[[Chibiusa|Small Lady]]", known in the majority of the series as "Chibiusa".

[[Image:Bssm0.png|thumb|left| Mamoru Chiba as seen in the 1990s anime]]

Mamoru struggles with his identity and function throughout the series, worrying first about his true nature, then later whether he gets in the way of the Sailor Guardians.<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume 13 |chapter= Act 37 |year= 1994 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |isbn= 978-4-06-178820-6 }} shows Mamoru sick in bed when the [[Dark Kingdom#Four Kings of Heaven|Four Kings of Heaven]] appear.</ref> A fair amount of subtle characterization is made for Mamoru, and later extending his role within the manga as to who he is.<ref name="Takeuchi">{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume 15 |chapter= Act 42 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= July 5, 1996 |isbn= 978-4-06-178835-0 }}</ref> He also is given the power of [[Psychometry (paranormal)|psychometry]], which also showed up in the anime, but was not given a name. This manifests in his ability to see and read dreams (such as Chibiusa's), to heal people and to monitor the status of the Earth. This does not develop fully until the [[Black Moon Clan|Black Moon]] arc, and is used occasionally throughout the series.<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume 5 |chapter= Act 23 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= November 6, 1993 |isbn= 978-4-06-178764-3 }}; {{cite episode |title=An Angel? A Devil? Mysterious Girl from the Sky |series= Sailor Moon R |series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes|number=60}}</ref>

In the original anime adaptation, Mamoru is a generally outgoing person, though somewhat acerbic, and appears as a college student. He demonstrates interests in a variety of subjects and emerges as smart.<ref name="jnepisode108">{{cite episode |title=Usagi's Dance, In Time to a Waltz |series= Sailor Moon S |series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=108}}</ref> The musical ''Kakyu Ouhi Kourin'' shows that he is aspiring to become a doctor.<ref name="Kakyu Ouhi Kourin">{{cite episode |title= Kakyu Ouhi Kourin (The Coming of Princess Kakyu)|series= Sailor Moon Musical |series-link= Sailor Moon Musicals}} Part 1; Before ''Kaze no Shijin''; Saito Kun (Kunzite):"Are you going to be a doctor?" Mamoru:"Yeah"</ref> He also "dates" [[Sailor Mars|Rei Hino]] for a short time before the revelation of all the past-life identities, though he believes they are just friends. This history stirs jealousy in Usagi in later seasons. ''Sailor Moon Crystal'', the second anime adaptation, follows the manga continuity and thus has Mamoru as a high school student, without much interaction with Rei. Unlike the original anime, Mamoru and Usagi start getting along relatively quickly instead of having to warm up to each other.

Most of Sailor Moon's transformations and final victories come as a result of her and Tuxedo Mask cooperating together. In the final battle against the [[Dark Kingdom]], [[Dark Kingdom#Queen Metaria|Queen Metaria]] absorbs Sailor Moon and Tuxedo Mask into her body. However, they succeed in combining their powers through the Silver Crystal and destroy Queen Metalia from within.<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Volume 4 |chapter= Act 13 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= July 6, 1993 |isbn= 978-4-06-178753-7 }}</ref> Tuxedo Mask also combines his power into Super Sailor Moon's last item with the rest of the Guardians using the Golden Crystal.<ref name="Takeuchi"/> In the Infinity story arc he combines his powers with Sailor Moon to create the next scepter. This happens in episode 91, "The Rod of Love is born: Usagi's New Transformation." The manga tends to show Mamoru as quiet, studious, mysterious and stoic. The [[student body]] of his high school often admires him for these qualities.<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume 5 |chapter= Act 16 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= November 6, 1993 |isbn= 978-4-06-178764-3 }}</ref> The anime adaptation also tends to make him appear in every episode to save Sailor Moon's life. His attacks in the anime resemble those shown in the manga, but are not named.

In the musical adaptations, Mamoru protects Usagi and generally appears at her side. However, several of his relationships change in different settings: for example, one musical reveals [[Dark Kingdom#Queen Beryl|Queen Beryl]] as Mamoru's fiancé from his time as Prince of the [[Earth]]. Associating with Silver Millennium was against Earth law, and Endymion violated this law when he fell in love with Princess Serenity. In this version of events, Serenity and Endymion are outlaws (similar to [[Romeo and Juliet]]) who drive an otherwise innocent woman, Beryl, to evil by making her jealous.<ref>Sailor Moon, Shin Densetsu Kourin</ref>{{Better source needed|date=April 2015}} [[Sailor Pluto]] also reveals that she is in love with Endymion, though she has contented herself with watching from afar.<ref>{{cite web|title=Onna No Ronsou |url = http://www.animelyrics.com/anime/smoon/smonna.htm |access-date=2006-08-06}} - A Sailor Pluto and Queen Beryl duet about their love for Endymion.
</ref>

Another variation occurs in the ''Ryuusei Densetsu'' musical, when Galaxia does not kill Mamoru, leaving him able to fight alongside the Sailor Guardians. Mamoru typically gets very involved in the Sailor Guardians' battles, fighting alongside them as opposed to his anime role of throwing a rose and then letting Sailor Moon deliver the finishing blow.

Tuxedo Mask always gets his own song; these songs vary from musical to musical. One musical featured multiple songs as both the present Mamoru appeared as Tuxedo Mask and later King Endymion appeared in disguise as Space Knight to look out for Chibiusa.<ref name="Space Knight">Sailor Moon Musical, ''Kaguya Shima Densetsu'' and its revision, ''Kaguya Shima Densetsu Kaiteiban''.
</ref>

In the live-action series, Mamoru is a more silent, yet dedicated person. For example, he stays loyal to his girlfriend Hina, despite not loving her, on the basis of a promise they made as children.<ref name=pgsm16>{{cite episode |title= I Must Save Usako!|series= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon |series-link= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)#Episode list |number=16}}</ref><ref name=pgsm26>{{cite episode |title= Usagi is the Real Princess!|series= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon |series-link= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)#Episode list |number=26}}</ref> He searches for the Silver Crystal due to his amnesia: dreams told him that the magical object could restore his memories. To do this, he donned the Tuxedo Mask disguise and became a thief, searching for the Silver Crystal.<ref name=pgsm1>{{cite episode |title= I am Sailor Moon!|series= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon |series-link= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)#Episode list |number=1}}</ref> Once he regained his memories of his past and present lives, he assumed his Endymion form to help the Sailor Guardians and tried his best to protect Usagi from the dangers of overusing the Silver Crystal.<ref name=pgsm26/> However, because of his dedication he has to join the Dark Kingdom or the Four Kings of Heaven will be killed.<ref name=pgsm36>{{cite episode |title= Princess Sailor Moon Appears!|series= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon |series-link= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)#Episode list |number=36}}</ref> He also joins to keep a promise with Usagi that they will not destroy the planet.<ref name=pgsm39>{{cite episode |title= Usagi's Mother's Challenge as a Reporter!!|series= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon |series-link= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)#Episode list |number=39}}</ref> Learning that the Silver Crystal made Metaria stronger every time Sailor Moon used it, Endymion took Metaria into his body before succumbing to its dark power. Now an evil parody of himself, Dark Prince Endymion, he almost kills Sailor Mercury when Sailor Moon was forced to kill him to stop Metaria, causing Sailor Moon to kill herself but they survive.<ref name=pgsm47>{{cite episode |title= Goodbye, Minako|series= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon |series-link= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)#Episode list |number=47}}</ref> However they were saved. Mamo's pocket watch stops the sword from through Sailor Moon. His knights from a past life’gems saves him though the knights were killed. He revives once Sailor Moon manages to finally control the Crystal's power and destroys Metaria for good.<ref name=pgsm49>
{{cite episode |title= The Five Sailor Senshi Surpassed Their Previous Lives
|series= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon 
|series-link= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)#Episode list |number=49
}}
</ref>

==Aspects and forms==
As a character with different incarnations, special powers, transformations, and a long lifetime spanning the Silver Millennium era and the 30th century, Mamoru gains multiple aspects and aliases as the series progresses.

===Tuxedo Mask===
"Tuxedo Mask" represents a [[disguise]] Mamoru created for himself in order to hunt for the [[Sailor Moon (character)#Silver Crystal|Silver Crystal]] ''incognito'' and—later—to assist the Sailor Guardians in battle. In addition to his white mask, he wears a full-dress tailcoat (as opposed to the dinner jacket of an actual tuxedo) with a red-lined black cape, white gloves, and a top hat. In the anime and live-action series, he carries a black baton which he uses like a sword. He takes the place of Sailor Earth.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sailor-games.com/misc2/interview.html |title=Naoko Takeuchi at the San Diego Comic Con! |access-date=2007-07-31 |date=December 1998 |work=[[Smile (magazine)|Smile]] magazine |quote=Instead of Sailor Earth, there's Tuxedo Mask.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ex.org/3.6/13-feature_takeuchi.html |title=Public Interview with Takeuchi Naoko |website=www.ex.org |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001012025200/http://www.ex.org/3.6/13-feature_takeuchi.html |archive-date=12 October 2000 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The anime shows him standing on poles, defying gravity, and acting as a "[[deus ex machina|swoop-in]]" type. He appears less developed, and has no special powers or named attacks, but remains a constant force in helping the Sailor Guardians throughout the series when they are in trouble. At the beginning he cannot control the transformation and his body automatically (and painfully) transforms if Sailor Moon is in danger. By the end of the first story arc, he can willingly activate the transformation. In a stylized ''henshin'' sequence, this is indicated by pulling a rose out of his pocket which then changes colors, and his tuxedo and mask fly in.<ref name="jnepisode34">{{cite episode |title=The Sparkling Silver Crystal! The Moon Princess Appears |series= Sailor Moon |series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=34}}</ref> Later in the series he is shown transforming instantaneously.<ref name="jnepisode113">{{cite episode |title=A House Full of Evil Presence! The Secret of the Beautiful Girl, Hotaru |series= Sailor Moon S|series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes|number=113}}</ref>

In the manga, he starts out as an ordinary thief trying to find the [[Sailor Moon (character)#Silver Crystal|Silver Crystal]]. [[Luna (Sailor Moon)|Luna]] initially tells Usagi not to trust him, but relents when they begin to fall in love and his true identity emerges. His function goes beyond that of the rescuer portrayed so often in the anime &ndash; it is frequently Sailor Moon who goes to his rescue, and he lends her strength, support, and guidance to use the Silver Crystal to defeat the enemies in return.

In the fourth story arc of the manga [[List of Sailor Moon characters#Helios/Pegasus|Helios]] reinforces Tuxedo Mask's role as a hero by revealing that he, as the Prince of the Golden Kingdom, Elysion, possesses a holy stone in the same way that the [[Sailor Moon (character)#Princess Serenity|Princess of the Silver Millennium]] owns the Silver Crystal.<ref name="act40">{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume 14 |chapter= Act 40 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= March 6, 1996 |isbn= 978-4-06-178826-8}} said by Helios.</ref> This holy stone is the Golden Crystal, the Sailor Crystal of the Earth.

===Prince Endymion===
[[Image:EndymionPGSM.jpg|thumb|Endymion in [[Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)|the live-action adaptation]]]]
{{nihongo|'''Prince Endymion'''|プリンス・エンディミオン|Purinsu Endimion}} was the [[crown prince]] of planet Earth during the age of Silver Millennium and Mamoru's identity in his previous life. He resided in the Golden Kingdom, which protected the Earth from within. Even though he and Elysion's guardian [[List of Sailor Moon characters#Helios/Pegasus|Helios]] never met each other in person during that time, they shared the common desire to protect the planet.<ref name="act40"/> Endymion also had four guardians, the Four Kings of Heaven, who protected him.<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Volume |chapter= Act 9 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= September 6, 1992 |isbn= 978-4-06-178731-5}}</ref> He and Princess Serenity fell in love, breaking the taboo between their peoples which was exploited by Queen Metaria when she corrupted the people of Earth. Being killed by Beryl when she attempted to kill Serenity,<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume 3 |chapter= Act 10 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= April 6, 1993 |isbn= 978-4-06-178744-5}}</ref> the 90s anime depicting his death with the princess committed by Metaria herself,<ref name="jnepisode44">{{cite episode |title=Usagi's Awakening! A Message From the Distant Past |series= Sailor Moon |series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes|number=44}}</ref> Prince Endymion is [[Reincarnation|reincarnated]] in the 20th century as Mamoru Chiba.

The manga often portrays Prince Endymion as the silent protagonist; his past life remains a mystery. Mamoru usually does not transform into Prince Endymion willfully, but is usually used as a power-up from his Tuxedo Mask form. Mamoru was under Metaria's thralldom, he assumed an evil form of Endymion and used his power to hypnotize [[List of Sailor Moon characters#Motoki Furuhata|Motoki Furuhata]] to assume he was his best friend "Endou".<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume 3 |chapter= Act 11 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= April 6, 1993 |isbn= 978-4-06-178744-5}}</ref> In the 90s anime, Mamoru can transform into Prince Endymion. Often this occurs when Sailor Moon transforms into Princess Serenity. As in the manga, he wears black armor.

In the live-action series, Endymion wears white, and after obtaining this form it becomes Mamoru's primary combat form.<ref>{{cite episode |title= So Tuxedo Mask's True Identity was Mamoru Chiba…|series= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon |series-link= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)#Episode list |number=25}}; after this point Tuxedo Mask does not show up for the rest of the episodes except in flashbacks.</ref> He gains the power of teleportation, a power shared by the Four Kings of Heaven.<ref>{{cite episode |title= I am Sailor Moon!|series= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon |series-link= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)#Episode list |number=1}}, shows the Four Kings of Heaven teleporting.</ref><ref name=pgsm38>{{cite episode |title= Believe Me! I Definitely Won't Destroy the Planet!|series= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon |series-link= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)#Episode list |number=38}}</ref> After he takes Metaria into his body, his armor and accessories blacken as he becomes known as Metaria Endymion with trace remnants of his white armor in his possessed state.<ref name=pgsm48>{{cite episode |title= Mamoru is Captured by Metallia!|series= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon |series-link= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)#Episode list |number=48}}</ref>

===King Endymion===
Later in the series Mamoru emerges as King Endymion, King of 30th-century Crystal Tokyo. He is the husband of [[Sailor Moon (character)#Neo-Queen Serenity|Neo-Queen Serenity]], and father of [[Chibiusa#Princess Usagi Small Lady Serenity|Chibiusa]]. As king of Crystal Tokyo his royal garments are a [[white]] and [[lavender (color)|lavender]] tuxedo, as well as a royal staff.
King Endymion's first appearance is at the end of manga and Crystal Act 18. He is not actually in a physical form but a spiritual entity guarding the Crystal Palace while his real body sleeps.<ref name="act19">{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume 5 |chapter= Act 19 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= November 6, 1993 |isbn= 978-4-06-178764-3 }}</ref>
During this time he helps to guide the Sailor Guardians and his past self against the Dark Moon Kingdom. It is then revealed to the Sailor Guardians that Mamoru never aged due to the Silver Crystal's power. It is the ghost of King Endymion who instructs Tuxedo Mask in the first use of his attack "Tuxedo La Smoking Bomber."<ref name="act19" /> Prince Endymion becomes King at the end of the battle with the Dead Moon Circus when [[List of Sailor Moon characters#Helios/Pegasus|Helios]], the priest of his former home, Elysion, hands him his sacred golden crystal atop his king's staff. After this, both Tuxedo Mask and Sailor Moon turn into their respective future selves, all of the Sailor Guardians transform into their princess forms.<ref name="Takeuchi"/>
However, after this point, Mamoru is not seen in this form again.

The anime shows King Endymion only in the future as the father of Small Lady and the King of Crystal Tokyo. He also appears as a computerized image when they first meet him. However, he is never shown to fight in battle. Diana makes a comment about the future King and Queen. She says in ''SuperS'' that the King and Queen like to [[diplomatic illness|fake being sick]] to be excused from attending important banquets and meetings.<ref name="jnepisode146">{{cite episode |title=Holiday in Juban City! A Carefree Princess |series= Sailor Moon Supers |series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes|number=146}}</ref> In the original English dub, he was not referred to as Endymion; only the "King of the Earth" or "The King" or "King Darien".

===Moonlight Knight===
[[Image:Moonlightknight.jpg|left|thumb|Mamoru as Moonlight Knight.]]
{{nihongo|Moonlight Knight|月影の騎士|Tsukikage no Naito}}, clad in Arabian robes while possessing a saber and white roses, appears in the 1990s anime during the "[[List of Sailor Moon characters#Hell Tree aliens|Hell Tree]]" arc of ''Sailor Moon R''. When Usagi wished to be a normal girl at the end of the 90s depiction of the "Dark Kingdom" arc, Mamoru was included with the Sailor Guardians' memories being magically sealed to resume civilian lives. But Mamoru's subconscious desire to protect Usagi caused his sealed memories to leave his body and assume physical form as Moonlight Knight, existing independently from Mamoru.<ref name="jnepisode59">{{cite episode |title=True Love Awakens! The Doom Tree's Secret |series= Sailor Moon R|series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=59}}</ref> Like with Tuxedo Mask, with even Mamoru a suspect, Usagi assumed every cute guy she met was Moonlight Knight before learning his true identity. It was only once Mamoru recovered his memories and regained his ability of becoming Tuxedo Mask that Moonlight Knight ceased to exist and reintegrated back into Mamoru's being.
{{Clear left}}

==Special powers and items==
[[File:LaSmokingBomber.jpg|thumb|Tuxedo Mask using ''Tuxedo La Smoking Bomber'' in ''[[Sailor Moon Crystal]]''.]]
Even in civilian form, Mamoru demonstrates a variety of [[psychic]] powers throughout each series. In both the anime and manga he uses [[Psychometry (paranormal)|psychometry]] to read past, present, and future events through touch,<ref>For example in the manga, Act 14 and in the anime, Episode 61.</ref> and [[healing|heals]] others' wounds through [[psychokinesis]].<ref>As in manga Act 14 and {{cite episode |title=A Bright Shooting Star! Saturn, and the Messiah |series= Sailor Moon S|series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=125}}, {{cite episode |title=Shadows of the Great Evil! The Trio is Cornered |series= Sailor Moon Supers|series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=148}}</ref> Inconsistently, he is shown [[Teleportation|teleporting]]; just once in the anime while under Queen Beryl's power,<ref name="jnepisode36">{{cite episode |title=Usagi is Confused! Is Tuxedo Mask Evil? |series= Sailor Moon |series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=1}}</ref>
and several times as Prince Endymion in the live-action series.

Mamoru also demonstrates a spiritual connection with Usagi: he can detect when she has transformed into Sailor Moon.<ref name="jnepisode13">{{cite episode |title=Girl Power! The End of Jadeite |series= Sailor Moon |series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=13}}</ref> Early on in the anime series, before they become friends, this connection forcibly transforms Mamoru into Tuxedo Mask so that he can protect her.<ref name="jnepisode19">{{cite episode |title=Usagi is Thrilled! Tuxedo Mask's Love Letter |series= Sailor Moon |series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=19}}</ref> In later episodes, he seems to have control over his transformations, although he still shows up shortly after the start of most of the battles, no matter how far away from the developing situation.<ref name="jnepisode91">{{cite episode |title=The Rod of Love is Born! Usagi's New Transformation |series= Sailor Moon S|series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=91}}</ref>

On one occasion the anime gives Tuxedo Mask a stylized transformation sequence, with his tuxedo and accessories forming around him as he flings a rose. He does not shout any special phrase, although his voice-actor jokingly [[ad-lib]]bed the line "Tuxedo Power! Make up!"<ref>Liner notes, manga volume 3.</ref> He also acquires a transformation in the [[Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)|live-action series]], using the same phrase, which is a part of an outrageous story he tells Usagi about how he became Tuxedo Mask. This transformation is initiated with a special [[band-aid]], and the sequence consists of Mamoru pulling on his pants and coat with dramatic flair.<ref name=pgsmZERO>{{cite episode |title= Tuxedo Mask's Secret Birth|series= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon |series-link= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)#Episode list |number=ZERO}}</ref>

Once transformed, Tuxedo Mask displays additional powers. In the anime shows these as mainly physical, while the manga depicts them as rare and magical. His iconic mainstay in the anime involves the use of roses, thrown like darts to injure or distract enemies.<ref name="jnepisode1">{{cite episode |title=Crybaby Usagi's Magnificent Transformation |series= Sailor Moon |series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=1}}</ref> He can also twirl them or throw a wide array to block attacks,<ref>{{cite episode |title=Women Should Be Strong and Beautiful! Rei's New Killer Move |series= Sailor Moon R|series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=63}}; {{cite episode |title=Protect Chibiusa! Clash of the 10 Warriors |series= Sailor Moon R|series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=68}}</ref> or can throw many at a time to pin an enemy down.<ref name="jnepisode">{{cite episode |title=Usagi in Tears! Glass Shoes for her Birthday |series= Sailor Moon S|series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=101}}</ref> He seems to have an unlimited supply of these roses, which are supernaturally strong and embed themselves in most any material, including concrete. In addition, when Mamoru takes on different forms or aspects, his roses change color accordingly. Tuxedo Mask's roses are red, the evil Prince Endymion's are [[Black Rose (symbolism)|black]] (and electrified), and the Moonlight Knight's are white.

Tuxedo Mask's secondary weapon, his cane, often serves as a sword,<ref>{{cite episode |title=Usagi's Parental Love? A Curry Triangle Relationship |series= Sailor Moon R|series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=66}}</ref> and he can extend its length, either to attack or to rescue people.<ref>{{cite episode |title=The Shocking Future! Dimande's Dark Ambition |series= Sailor Moon R|series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=83}}; {{cite episode |title=Premonition of World's End? Mysterious New Warriors! |series= Sailor Moon S|series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=90}}</ref> As both Prince Endymion and Moonlight Knight, he uses real swords of different styles.

In the manga, Tuxedo Mask can blast energy from his hand, crying "Tuxedo La Smoking Bomber!" He also has a combination attack with his daughter, [[Chibiusa|Sailor Chibi Moon]]: "Pink Sugar Tuxedo Attack."<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Volume 11 |chapter=The Lover of Princess Kaguya |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= July 6, 1995 |isbn= 978-4-06-178809-1 }}</ref> The musicals reproduce this attack, and in the second anime, he gradually learns to use it over the course of the first season.

Mamoru's most important magical possession in the manga, the Golden Crystal, serves as both his star seed and as the Sailor Crystal of the [[Earth]]. He uses it in combination with Sailor Moon's [[Silver Crystal]] to defend the [[Solar System]].<ref name="Takeuchi"/> In the anime, although Mamoru has the "golden star seed" of Earth, it differs from the Golden Crystal, which instead is possessed by [[List of Sailor Moon characters#Helios/Pegasus|Pegasus]] and can be used by people with good intentions.<ref name="jnepisode163">{{cite episode |title=Labyrinth of Mirrors! Chibi Moon Captured |series= Sailor Moon Supers|series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes|number=163}}</ref>

==Development==
Takeuchi designed the character of Tuxedo Mask as her own ideal of a man,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sailor-games.com/misc2/interview.html|title=Interview of Naoko Takeuchi at the San Diego Comic-con|website=www.sailor-games.com}}</ref> describing him as "strong, silent, unshakeable, a little like [[Captain Harlock (character)|Captain Harlock]]."<ref name=AnimaniA>{{cite journal |last=Holzer |first=Stefanie |others=Translated by Mrs. Okishita from [[Kodansha]]|date=July–August 1999 |title= Interview mit Naoko Takeuchi |journal=AnimaniA |issue=30 |language=de }}</ref> Takeuchi based his design on [[Shonentai]] member [[Noriyuki Higashiyama]] and she also took inspiration from [[Kaito Kuroba|Kaito Kid]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Aoyama |first=Gosho |date=October 16, 2017 |title=青山剛昌 ３０周年本 |trans-title=Gosho Aoyama 30th Anniversary Book |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Shogakukan]] |pages=111–112 |isbn=978-4-09-179233-4}}</ref> Takeuchi originally intended his persona as Tuxedo Mask to "have more mysteries and take a greater role."<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume I Original Picture Collection |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= August 1994 |isbn= 978-4-06-324507-3}}
</ref>

The [[kanji]] in Mamoru's surname translate as {{nihongo|"earth"|地|chi}} and {{nihongo|"place"|場|ba}}. Together, they form the term "local," with a pun on his identity as Endymion, Prince of Earth. His given name means {{nihongo|"protect"|衛|mamoru}}.

Originally [[Naoko Takeuchi]] used the codename "Mysterious 2098 Face" for Tuxedo Mask. She later expressed bewilderment at herself for the idea.<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko |author-link=Naoko Takeuchi | title= Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon shinsouban Volume 3 |chapter= Punch! |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date=October 23, 2003 |isbn= 978-4-06-334783-8 }}</ref>  Although Takeuchi had designed his costume herself, she found it difficult to draw, as it had many parts to it; she often forgot to draw parts of it in the early manga.<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon shinsouban Volume 2 |chapter= Punch! |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= September 22, 2003 |isbn= 978-4-06-334777-7 }}</ref> She later had the same problem with [[Shadow Galactica#Sailor Galaxia|Sailor Galaxia]]'s costume.

Tōru Furuya stated in a [[making-of]] extra that he had an influence on the development of the anime persona of Tuxedo Mask. When asked about any differences between the anime and manga counterparts, he ad-libbed "I'm driving." Because of this, Tuxedo Mask became more comical.<ref>{{cite episode |title=Sailor Moon Omake Making Of |series=Sailor Moon |network=Toei |location=Tokyo |airdate=1993-05-08 |season=2}} "I'm driving" was from Original anime episode 10.
</ref>

The name [[Endymion (mythology)|Endymion]] fits particularly appropriately as a reference to [[Greek mythology]]. The Greek Endymion falls in love with [[Selene]], the Greek goddess of the moon.<ref>{{cite book |title=Bulfinch's Mythology |last=Bulfinch |first=Thomas |date=1998 |publisher=Modern Library |isbn=978-0-375-75147-9}}
</ref>

===Actors===
Mamoru Chiba was originally voiced by [[Tōru Furuya]] in the first Japanese [[anime]] series and related media.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.tcp.com/doi/smoon/ |title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon |access-date= 2006-10-06 |last= Doi |first= Hitoshi |author-link = Hitoshi Doi |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060902105102/http://www.tcp.com/doi/smoon/ <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2006-09-02}}</ref> Furuya described the role as "very special to me."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://musicjapanplus.jp/specialfeatures/?action=detail&sf_id=31&page=4 |title=Exclusive interview with Furuya Toru |publisher= musicJAPANplus}}</ref> Mamoru was voiced by [[Kenji Nojima]] in ''Sailor Moon Crystal'' and all media since. In the DIC and Cloverway English adaptations, his name is changed to Darien Chiba and his voice is first provided by [[Rino Romano]] for the first eleven episodes, [[Toby Proctor]] for the next fifty-five episodes, and [[Vince Corazza]] for the rest of the series and its films. In the Viz Media English dub, Mamoru's voice is supplied by [[Robbie Daymond]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2017-06-22/viz-media-welcomes-the-english-voice-cast-of-sailor-moon-jojo-bizarre-adventure-and-boruto-at-anime-expo-2017/.117847|title=Viz Media Welcomes the English Voice Cast of Sailor Moon, Jojo's Bizarre Adventure and Boruto at Anime Expo 2017|work=Anime News Network|access-date=2017-07-14|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2015-10-14/viz-media-and-hulu-announce-november-premiere-of-sailor-moon-crystal-featuring-a-brand-new-english-dub/.94199|title=Viz Media and Hulu Announce November Premiere of Sailor Moon Crystal, Featuring a Brand New English Dub|work=Anime News Network|access-date=2017-07-14|language=en}}</ref>

In the [[Sailor Moon musicals|stage musicals]], different actors and actreses have played Mamoru: [[Mizuki Sano]], [[Yūta Mochizuki]], Yuuta Enomoto, [[Kousei Amano]], Hidemasa Edo, [[Kenji Urai]], [[Yuu Shirota]], Gyo Miyamoto, [[Yūga Yamato]], Mikako Ishii, Riona Tatemichi,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.sera-myu.com/ |title= eternal.legend |access-date= 2006-11-04 }}</ref> and Mitsuki Tenju.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sailormoon-official.com/stage/nogizaka24/ |title=ステージ：乃木坂46版 2024 |access-date= 2024-05-19}}</ref> Creator Naoko Takeuchi has described Sano's portrayal of Mamoru as "a cute, sweet boy."<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume III Original Picture Collection |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= September 1996 |isbn= 978-4-06-324518-9}}</ref> [[Yūta Mochizuki]], the longest-running among the musical actors, went on to perform as King Endymion during Fumina Hara's musicals.<ref>Sailor Moon Musical, 1998 ''Shin Densetsu Kourin'', 1999 ''Kaguya Shima Densetsu'' and 1999 ''Kaguya Shima Densetsu kaiteiban''</ref>

In the [[Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)|live action series]], Mamoru was portrayed by [[Jouji Shibue]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.shingetsu-pgsm.net/ |title= Shingetsu |access-date= 2006-10-31 |author= Nae |author2= wasurenagusa |author3=Hui, Andrea }}</ref>

==Reception and influence==
The official ''Sailor Moon''-character popularity-polls listed Mamoru Chiba, Tuxedo Mask, and Endymion as separate entities. In 1992, readers ranked Tuxedo Mask as the twelfth most popular character, Prince Endymion as the fifteenth most popular character, and Mamoru Chiba as the sixteenth most popular character out of thirty eight choices.<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Volume 3 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date=April 6, 1993 |isbn= 978-4-06-178744-5}}</ref> One year later, now with fifty choices, King Endymion became the eighteenth most popular character, while Tuxedo Mask and Mamoru came in at twentieth and twenty-first respectively.<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Volume 7 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date=July 6, 1994 |isbn= 978-4-06-178781-0}}</ref> Moonlight Knight, being an anime only form, was never included in the manga popularity polls. Tuxedo Mask was the fourth favorite male character in a May 1993 [[Animage]] poll,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://animage.jp/gp/gp_1993.html |title=月刊アニメージュ【公式サイト】 |access-date=2009-03-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306181256/http://animage.jp/gp/gp_1993.html |archive-date=2009-03-06 }}</ref> and Mamoru was seventh the following year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://animage.jp/gp/gp_1994.html |title=月刊アニメージュ【公式サイト】 |access-date=2009-03-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427003545/http://animage.jp/gp/gp_1994.html |archive-date=2009-04-27 }}</ref>

Although Takeuchi herself had a soft spot for Mamoru, she has said that friends complained to her about Usagi being in love with "such a useless guy."<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume V Original Picture Collection |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= August 1997 |isbn= 978-4-06-324522-6}}</ref> He has been described as being both a "dashing hero" and a "boy-[[damsel in distress]]" by Jonathan Clements and Helen McCarthy.<ref>{{cite book |last=Clements |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Clements |author2=Helen McCarthy |author2-link=Helen McCarthy  |title=The Anime Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917 |date=2001-09-01 |publisher=Stone Bridge Press |location=Berkeley, California |isbn=978-1-880656-64-8 |oclc=47255331 |page=338 |edition=1st }}</ref> He has even been called a "liability" and a "burden," his relationship with Usagi being described as a child-mother relationship rather than that of a principality couple. Usagi is said to show him ''amae'', or "indulgent love."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Jennifer |date=2008-01-01 |title=Female Protagonists in Shōjo Manga - From the Rescuers to the Rescued |url=https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/137 |journal=Masters Theses, University of Massachusetts Amherst|doi=10.7275/500109 }}</ref> When compared to male leads of male-targeted series, Mamoru, although unafraid of girls, seems uncomfortable with them. He also gives the impression of a "character who never laughs or has fun": "noble, passive and effectively totally ineffectual."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baranyi |first=Dave |date=1999 |title=Animefringe: Features: Wimps from Outer Space |url=https://www.animefringe.com/magazine/01.01/issue0/feature/1/index.php3 |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=www.animefringe.com}}</ref>

The image of the top hat and cape also influenced the early making of "Tuxedo Umino Mask" ("Tuxedo Melvin" in the original dub) in the anime.<ref name="jnepisode32">{{cite episode |title=Umino's Resolve! I'll Protect Naru |series= Sailor Moon |series-link= List of Sailor Moon episodes |number=1}}</ref> In this particular episode, Umino tries to impress Naru by dressing up like Tuxedo Mask. This image was also used later in the manga for Tubby Mask for the Chibiusa Picture Diary, Story of the Hammer Price Shrine. This character was based on Makoto Hanmatsuura, who bid ¥2 million in a charity auction for the [[Great Hanshin earthquake|Kobe earthquake disaster]] to be put in the ''Sailor Moon'' manga.<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume 17 |chapter= Chibiusa Picture Diary, Story of the Hammer Price Shrine |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= December 6, 1996 |isbn= 978-4-06-178849-7}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Anime and manga|1990s|}}
* [[Endymion (crater)]], lunar crater
* [[Endymion (mythology)]]
* [[Black tie]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Sailor Moon}}

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