Editing Type site

{{short description|Archaeological site that defines a culture}}
{{about|an archaeological type site|a geological type site|type locality (geology)}}

In [[archaeology]], a '''type site''' ([[American English]]) or '''type-site''' ([[British English]]) is the [[archaeological site|site]] used to define a particular [[archaeological culture]] or other [[Typology (archaeology)|typological unit]], which is often named after it.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199534043.001.0001/acref-9780199534043-e-4397|title=type-site|encyclopedia=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology|last=Darvill|first=Timothy|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780191727139|location=Oxford|doi=10.1093/acref/9780199534043.001.0001|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=type site|encyclopedia=Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology|page=580|last=Kipfer|first=Barbara Ann|publisher=Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers|year=2000|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-306-46158-3}}</ref> For example, discoveries at [[La Tène (archaeological site)|La Tène]] and [[Hallstatt]] led scholars to divide the [[Iron Age Europe|European Iron Age]] into the [[La Tène culture]] and [[Hallstatt culture]], named after their respective type sites.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Kaeser|first=Marc-Antoine|url=https://www.academia.edu/39018189|title=La Tène, ou la construction d'un site éponyme|publisher=Drémil-Lafage: Editions Mergoil|year=2019|isbn=9782355180927|language=fr}}</ref>

The concept is similar to [[type locality (geology)|type localities]] in [[geology]] and [[type specimen]]s in [[biology]].

==Notable type sites==

=== Africa ===

* [[Nok]] ([[Kaduna State|Kaduna]], [[Nigeria]]), of the [[Nok culture]]

===East Asia===
*[[Banpo]] ([[Yangshao culture]], Neolithic [[Yangshao culture]], China)
*[[Liangzhu Town]], near [[Hangzhou]] ([[Liangzhu culture]], Neolithic, China)
*[[Songguk-ri]] (Middle [[Mumun Pottery Period|Mumun]] culture, southern [[Korea]])
*[[Suemura cluster of kilns]] – [[Anagama|Kiln]]s of [[Sue pottery]] (Middle and Late [[Kofun]] period, [[Osaka]], [[Japan]])
*[[Sanage cluster of kilns]] — Kilns of {{ill|Green Glazed Ware|ja|緑釉陶器}} and {{ill|Ash Glazed Ware|ja|灰釉陶器}} ([[Nara period|Nara]] and [[Heian period|Heian]] period, [[Aichi Prefecture]], Japan)

===Europe===
*a river terrace of the [[Somme River|River Somme]] ([[Abbeville]], France), of the [[Abbevillian]] culture
*[[Aurignac]] ([[Haute Garonne]], France), of the [[Aurignacian]] culture
*[[Hallstatt]] ([[Salzkammergut]], [[Austria]]), of the [[Hallstatt culture]]
*[[La Tène, Neuchâtel]], Switzerland, of the [[La Tène culture]]
*[[Vinča|Vinča, Belgrade]], Serbia, of the [[Vinča culture]]
*[[Abri de la Madeleine]] ([[Dordogne]], France), of the [[Magdalenian]] culture
*[[Le Moustier]] (Dordogne, France), of the [[Mousterian]] culture
*[[Saint Acheul]] (near [[Amiens]], [[France]]), of the [[Acheulean]] culture
*[[Butmir]] (near [[Sarajevo]], [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]), of the [[Butmir culture]]
*[[Cucuteni]] (Romania) and [[Trypillia]] (Ukraine), of the [[Cucuteni–Trypillia culture|Cucuteni–Trypillia]] culture

===Mesoamerica===
*[[Uaxactun]] ([[Maya civilization]], Dept.of Peten, [[Guatemala]])
*[[Dzibilchaltun]] ([[Maya civilization]], northern [[Yucatan]], [[Mexico]])
*[[Monte Albán]] ([[Zapotec civilization]], [[Oaxaca]], Mexico)

===Near East===
*[[Tell Halaf]], [[Syria]], for the [[Halaf culture]]
*[[Tell Hassuna]], [[Iraq]], for the [[Hassuna culture]]
*[[Jemdet Nasr]], [[Iraq]], for the [[Jemdet Nasr period]]
*[[Tell al-'Ubaid]], [[Iraq]], for the [[Ubaid period]]
*[[Uruk]], [[Iraq]], for the [[Uruk period]]

===Northern America===
*[[Folsom, New Mexico]] ([[Folsom Tradition]]), United States
*[[Clovis, New Mexico]] ([[Clovis culture]]), United States: generally accepted as the type site for one of the earliest human cultures in the North America
*[[La Plata County, Colorado]] ([[Pecos Classification|Basketmaker II period]] of the [[Anasazi]] culture), United States
*[[Barton Gulch]] of the Blackwater Draw Paleo-Indian culture
*[[Adena mound]] ([[Adena culture]]), United States
*[[Borax Lake Site]], for two of the earliest cultural traditions in California: the Post Pattern and Borax Lake Pattern.

===Oceania===
*[[New Caledonia]], of the [[Lapita]] culture.

===South Asia===
*[[Kot Diji]] (Pre-Indus civilization, [[Pakistan]])
*[[Harappa]] ([[Indus civilization]], Punjab, northeast Pakistan)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Archaeological type sites| ]]
[[Category:Methods in archaeology]]
[[Category:Bronze Age]]
[[Category:Iron Age]]
[[Category:Stone Age]]