Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Typical warbler
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
{{Short description|Genus of birds}} {{Merge from|Pseudoalcippe|discuss=Talk:Typical warbler#Proposed merge of Pseudoalcippe into Typical warbler|date=February 2025}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Typical warblers | image = Sylvia borin (Örebro County).jpg | image_caption = [[Garden warbler]] (''Sylvia borin'') | taxon = Sylvia | authority = [[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scopoli]], 1769 | type_species = ''[[Eurasian blackcap|Motacilla atricapilla]]'' ([[Eurasian blackcap]]) | type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms = ''Parisoma'' <small>[[William Swainson|Swainson]] in [[John Richardson (naturalist)|Richardson]], 1832</small> }} The '''typical warblers''' are small [[bird]]s belonging to the [[genus]] '''''Sylvia''''' in the "Old World warbler" (or sylviid warbler) [[family (biology)|family]] [[Sylviidae]].<ref name=IOC>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | title=Sylviid babblers, parrotbills & white-eyes | work= World Bird List Version 6.3 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/sylvias/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union| accessdate=4 August 2016 }}</ref><ref name=DelHoyo>Del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A., & Christie, D. (editors). (2006). ''[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]''. Volume 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions. {{ISBN|84-96553-06-X}}.</ref> There are seven species in the genus.<ref name=IOC/><ref name=DelHoyo/><ref name=Helbig>Helbig, A. J. (2001). The characteristics of the genus: Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus ''Sylvia''. Pages 24–28 in: Shirihai, H., Gargallo, G., Helbig, A. J., & Harris, A. ''Sylvia Warblers''. Helm Identification Guides {{ISBN|0-7136-3984-9}}</ref><ref name=Jonsson>Jønsson, K. A. & Fjeldså, J. (2006). A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri). ''[[Zoologica Scripta|Zool. Scripta]]'' 35 (2): 149–186. {{doi|10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x}} (HTML abstract)</ref> Typical warblers occur in the [[temperate]] to [[tropical]] regions of [[Europe]], western and central [[Asia]], and [[Africa]], with the highest species diversity centred on the [[Mediterranean]]. They are strongly built, with stouter legs and a slightly thicker bill than many other [[warbler]]s. The [[plumage]] is in varying shades of grey and brown, usually darker above and paler below, with bluish or pinkish tones in several species; several also have orange-brown or [[rufous]] fringed wing feathers. The tail is square-ended in most, slightly rounded in a few, and in several species has white sides. Many of the species show some [[sexual dimorphism]], with distinctive male and female [[plumage]]s, with the males in many having black or bright grey on the heads, replaced by brown, brownish-grey or similar dusky colours in females; about a third of the species also have a conspicuous red eye ring in males. Species breeding in cool temperate regions are strongly [[bird migration|migratory]], while most of those in warmer regions are partially migratory or resident. They are active warblers usually associated with open woodland, scrub, hedges or shrubs. Their diet is largely insectivorous, though several species also eat fruit extensively, mainly small berries such as [[Sambucus|elder]] and [[ivy]], particularly from late summer to late winter; one species (blackcap) also frequently takes a wide variety of human-provided foods on birdtables in winter.<ref name=DelHoyo/><ref name=Snow>{{cite book |title=The Birds of the Western Palearctic |last=Snow |first=D. W., & Perrins, C. M.| edition = Concise | year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location= Oxford|isbn= 0-19-854099-X}}</ref> ==Taxonomy and systematics== The genus ''Sylvia'' was introduced in 1769 by the Italian naturalist [[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli]].<ref>{{ cite book | last=Scopoli | first=Giovanni Antonio | author-link=Giovanni Antonio Scopoli | year=1769 | title=Annus I historico-naturalis | language=la | place=Lipsiae (Leipzig) | publisher= C.G. Hilscheri | page=154 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31117781 }}</ref> Scopoli did not specify a [[type species]] but this was designated as the [[Eurasian blackcap]] (''Sylvia atricapilla'') by [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte]] in 1828.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Bonaparte | first=Charles Lucien | author-link=Charles Lucien Bonaparte | year=1828 | title=American Ornithology; or, The Natural History of Birds Inhabiting the United States, Not Given By Wilson | location=Philadelphia | publisher=Carey, Lea & Carey | volume=2 | page=17 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58156722 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Cottrell | editor2-first=G. William | year=1986 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 11 | volume=11 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=270 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483971 }}</ref> The genus name is from [[Neo-Latin|Modern Latin]] ''silvia'', a woodland sprite, related to ''silva'' meaning "a wood".<ref name=job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher= Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page = [https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n376 376]}}</ref> The typical warblers are now known to form a major lineage in a [[clade]] containing also the [[parrotbill]]s and some [[taxa]] formerly considered to be [[Old World babbler]]s.<ref name=Alstrom>{{cite journal | last1 = Alström | first1 = P. | last2 = Ericson | first2 = P. G. P. | last3 = Olsson | first3 = U. | last4 = Sundberg | first4 = P. | year = 2006 | title = Phylogeny and classification of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 38 | issue = 2| pages = 381–397 | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.015 | pmid = 16054402 | bibcode = 2006MolPE..38..381A }}</ref><ref name=Cibois>{{ cite journal | last1=Cibois | first1=Alice | year=2003 | title=Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of babblers (Timaliidae) | journal=The Auk | volume=120 | issue=1 | pages=35–54 | doi= 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0035:MDPOBT]2.0.CO;2 | jstor=4090138 }}</ref> The other "Old World warblers" have been moved to their own families, entirely redelimiting the [[Sylviidae]].<ref name="Cai_etal2019">{{Cite journal | last1=Cai | first1=T. | last2=Cibois | first2=A. | last3=Alström | first3=P. | last4=Moyle | first4=R.G. | last5=Kennedy | first5=J.D. | last6=Shao | first6=S. | last7=Zhang | first7=R. | last8=Irestedt | first8=M. | last9=Ericson | first9=P.G.P. | last10=Gelang | first10=M. | last11=Qu | first11=Y. | last12=Lei | first12=F. | last13=Fjeldså | first13=J. | date=2019 | title=Near-complete phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the world's babblers (Aves: Passeriformes) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=130 | pages=346–356 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.010 | doi-access=free | pmid=30321696 | bibcode=2019MolPE.130..346C }}</ref> A [[molecular phylogenetic]] study using [[mitochondrial]] DNA sequence data published in 2011 found that the species in the genus ''Sylvia'' formed two distinct clades.<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Voelker | first1=Gary | last2=Light | first2=Jessica E. | year=2011 | title=Palaeoclimatic events, dispersal and migratory losses along the Afro-European axis as drivers of biogeographic distribution in ''Sylvia'' warblers | journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume=11 | issue=163 | page=163 | doi=10.1186/1471-2148-11-163 | doi-access=free | pmid=21672229 | pmc=3123607| bibcode=2011BMCEE..11..163V }}</ref> Based on these results, the ornithologists [[Edward C. Dickinson|Edward Dickinson]] and [[Leslie Christidis]] in the fourth edition of ''[[Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World]]'', chose to split the genus and moved most of the species into a resurrected genus ''[[Curruca]]'' retaining only the [[Eurasian blackcap]] and the [[garden warbler]] in ''Sylvia''. In an additional change they moved the [[African hill babbler]] from ''Horizorhinus'' and [[Dohrn's warbler]] from ''Pseudoalcippe'' into ''Sylvia''.<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last1=Dickinson | editor-first1=E.C. | editor1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | editor-last2=Christidis | editor-first2=L. | editor2-link=Leslie Christidis | year=2014 | title=The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, Volume 2: Passerines | edition=4th | place=Eastbourne, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-2-2 | page=509 }}</ref> The split was at first not made by the [[British Ornithologists' Union]] on the grounds that "a split into two genera would unnecessarily destabilize nomenclature and results in only a minor increase in phylogenetic information content",<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Sangster | first1=G. | display-authors=etal | author1-link=George Sangster | year=2016 | title=Taxonomic recommendations for Western Palearctic birds: 11th report | journal=Ibis | volume=158 | issue=1 | pages=206–212 | doi=10.1111/ibi.12322 | doi-access=}}</ref> but then later accepted in 2021.<ref name="BOURC2021">{{cite journal | title=British Ornithologists' Union Records Committee (BOURC): 52nd Report (January 2021) | journal=Ibis | volume=163 | issue=1 | date=2021 | issn=0019-1019 | doi=10.1111/ibi.12900 | doi-access=free | pages=305–308 }}</ref> ===Extant species=== The genus as currently circumscribed includes the following species:<ref name=IOC10.1>{{BioRef|IOC |family=Sylviidae|version=Version 10.1|access-date=1 July 2020}}</ref> * [[Eurasian blackcap]] ''Sylvia atricapilla'' * [[Garden warbler]] ''Sylvia borin'' * [[Dohrn's warbler]] ''Sylvia dohrni'' * [[Abyssinian catbird]] ''Sylvia galinieri'' * [[Bush blackcap]] ''Sylvia nigricapillus'' * [[African hill babbler]] ''Sylvia abyssinica'' * [[Rwenzori hill babbler]] ''Sylvia atriceps'' ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== *{{ cite journal | last1=Brambilla | first1=Mattia | last2=Vitulano | first2=Severino | last3=Spina | first3=Fernando | last4=Bacetti | first4=Nicola | last5=Gargalllo | first5=Gabriel | last6=Fabbri | first6=Elena | last7=Guidali | first7=Franca | last8=Randi | first8=Ettore | year=2008 | title=A molecular phylogeny of the ''Sylvia cantillans'' complex: Cryptic species within the Mediterranean basin | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=48 | issue=2 | pages=461–472 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.013 | pmid=18590968| bibcode=2008MolPE..48..461B }} *{{ cite journal | last=Svensson | first=Lars | year=2013 | title=A taxonomic revision of the Subalpine Warbler ''Sylvia cantillans'' | journal=Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club | volume=133 | pages=240–248 | url=http://boc-online.org/bulletins/downloads/BBOC1333-Svensson.pdf }} *{{ cite journal | last=Svensson | first=Lars | year=2013 | title=Subalpine Warbler variation and taxonomy | journal=British Birds | volume=106 | issue=11 | pages=651–668 }} ==External links== *[http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/cisticolas-allies-cisticolidae Typical warbler videos] on the Internet Bird Collection {{Passerida|S.|state=collapsed}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q1293045}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Sylvia (bird)| ]] [[Category:Taxa named by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli]]
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page
(
help
)
:
Template:Authority control
(
edit
)
Template:Automatic taxobox
(
edit
)
Template:BioRef
(
edit
)
Template:Cite book
(
edit
)
Template:Cite journal
(
edit
)
Template:Cite web
(
edit
)
Template:DMC
(
edit
)
Template:Doi
(
edit
)
Template:ISBN
(
edit
)
Template:Mbox
(
edit
)
Template:Merge from
(
edit
)
Template:Merge partner
(
edit
)
Template:Passerida
(
edit
)
Template:Reflist
(
edit
)
Template:Short description
(
edit
)
Template:Taxonbar
(
edit
)