Editing USS Newark (C-1)

{{Short description|Protected cruiser}}
{{other ships|USS Newark}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin
}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = [[File:Newark (Cruiser 1). Port side, 1891 - NARA - 512904.jpg|300px|USS Newark]]
| Ship caption = USS ''Newark'' port side, 1891.
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header = 
| Ship country = United States
| Ship flag = {{USN flag|1912}}
| Ship name = ''Newark''
| Ship namesake = City of [[Newark, New Jersey]]
| Ship ordered = 
| Ship builder = [[William Cramp & Sons]], [[Philadelphia]]
| Ship yard number = 258
| Ship laid down = 12 June 1888
| Ship launched = 19 March 1890
| Ship acquired = 
| Ship sponsor = Miss Annie Boutelle
| Ship commissioned = 2 February 1891
| Ship decommissioned = 16 June 1913
| Ship in service = 
| Ship out of service = 
| Ship struck = 26 June 1913
| Ship renamed = 
| Ship reclassified = 
| Ship homeport = 
| Ship motto = 
| Ship nickname = 
| Ship honors = 
| Ship identification = [[Hull classification symbol#Surface combatant type|Hull symbol]]:C-1
| Ship fate = 7 September 1926, sold for scrap
| Ship notes = 
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header = 
| Header caption = 
| Ship type = [[Protected cruiser]]
| Ship displacement = {{convert|4083|LT|t|0|abbr=on}}
| Ship length = * {{convert|311|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} [[Waterline length|lwl]]
* {{convert|328|ft|m|abbr=on}} [[Length overall|oa]]
| Ship beam = {{convert|49|ft|2|in|m|abbr=on}}
| Ship draft = * {{convert|18|ft|8|in|m|abbr=on}} (mean)
* {{convert|22|ft|8|in|m|abbr=on}} (max)
| Ship depth = 
| Ship hold depth = 
| Ship power = *4 × [[boiler]]s
*2 × horizontal [[Triple expansion steam engine#Multiple expansion engines|triple expansion engines]]
*{{convert|8500|ihp|lk=on|abbr=on}}
| Ship propulsion = *2 × [[Propeller|shaft]]s
| Ship speed = {{convert|18|kn|lk=in}}
| Ship range = {{convert|3922|nmi|lk=on|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn|abbr=on}}
| Ship complement = 34 officers, 350 enlisted men
| Ship armament = *12 × [[6"/30 caliber gun|{{convert|6|in|adj=on|0}}/30]] [[caliber (artillery)|caliber]] Mark 3 guns
*4 × [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss|6-pounder ({{convert|57|mm|in|abbr=on}}) guns]]
*4 × [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|3-pounder ({{convert|47|mm|in|abbr=on}}) guns]]
*2 × [[Hotchkiss gun|1-pounder ({{convert|37|mm|in|abbr=on}}) guns]]
*4 × [[.45-70|.45 caliber]] (11.4 mm) [[Gatling gun]]s
| Ship armor = *'''[[Gun shield]]s:''' {{convert|2|in|mm|abbr=on}}
*'''[[Main deck]]:''' {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}
*'''[[Conning tower|Conning Tower]]:''' {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}
| Ship notes = 
}}
|}
The first '''USS ''Newark'' (C-1)''' was a [[United States Navy]] [[protected cruiser]], the eighth protected cruiser launched by the United States. In design, she succeeded the "ABC" cruisers {{USS|Atlanta|1884|2}}, {{USS|Boston|1884|2}}, and {{USS|Chicago|1885|2}} with better protection, higher speed, and a uniform 6-inch gun armament. Four additional protected cruisers (C-2 through C-5) were launched for the USN prior to ''Newark''.<ref name=Conways1>Gardiner and Chesneau, p. 151</ref><ref name=Register1>Bauer and Roberts, pp. 141–143</ref>

She was laid down by [[William Cramp & Sons]] of [[Philadelphia]] on 12 June 1888, launched on 19 March 1890, sponsored by Miss [[Annie Boutelle]], the daughter of [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] [[Charles A. Boutelle]] of [[Maine]], and commissioned on 2 February 1891, Captain [[Silas Casey III]] in command.<ref name=DANFS>{{cite DANFS |url= http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/n/newark-i.html |title= Newark I (C-1) |date= 13 August 2015 |access-date= 24 November 2015 }}</ref>

==Design and construction==
[[File:U.S.S. Newark, engine room.jpg|thumb|USS ''Newark'', engine room]]
''Newark'' was designed in 1885 by the Navy's [[Bureau of Construction and Repair]] and [[Bureau of Steam Engineering]], based on specifications developed by a special advisory board convened by [[Secretary of the Navy]] [[William Collins Whitney|William C. Whitney]]. The new board was convened when Whitney felt the [[Naval Advisory Board]]'s design was inadequate.<ref name=Friedman1>Friedman, pp. 25, 458</ref> ''Newark''{{'}}s uniform main armament of twelve 6-inch guns resulted from the need to mount guns in [[sponson]]s to increase their [[arc of fire]]. Rear Admiral [[Edward Simpson (naval officer)|Edward Simpson]], president of the Naval Advisory Board, commented that it was impossible to mount 8-inch guns on sponsons in a 4,000-ton ship.<ref name=Friedman1/> She also had a complete armored deck in accordance with European practice.<ref name=Conways1/>

''Newark'' was armed with 12 [[6"/30 caliber gun|{{convert|6|in|adj=on|0}}/30]] [[caliber (artillery)|caliber]] Mark 3 guns<ref name=NavWeaps1>[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_6-30_mk1.htm DiGiulian, Tony, US 6"/30, 6"/35, and 6"/40 guns at Navweaps.com]</ref> in sponsons along the sides. This allowed ahead and astern fire by up to four guns.<ref name=NavSource1>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/04/c1/c1.htm Photo gallery of ''Newark'' at NavSource Naval History]</ref> Secondary armament was four [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss|6-pounder ({{convert|57|mm|in|abbr=on}}) guns]], four [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|3-pounder]] ({{convert|47|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}) [[Hotchkiss revolving cannon]], two 1-pounder ({{convert|37|mm|in|abbr=on}}) Hotchkiss revolving cannon, and four [[.45-70|.45 caliber]] (11.4&nbsp;mm) [[Gatling gun]]s.<ref name=Conways1/><ref name=Friedman1/> Six 14-inch (356&nbsp;mm) [[torpedo tube]]s were included in the design but never mounted.<ref name=Register1/>

''Newark'' had {{convert|2|in|mm|abbr=on}} [[gun shield]]s and a {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}} [[conning tower]]. The complete armored deck was up to {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}} on its sloped sides and aft, {{convert|2|in|mm|abbr=on}} amidships and forward.<ref name=Conways1/> This was a significant improvement from the {{convert|1.5|in|mm|abbr=on}} partial deck of {{USS|Chicago|1885|2}}.<ref name=Conways1/>

The engineering plant included four coal-fired [[locomotive boiler]]s producing {{convert|160|psi|lk=on|abbr=on}} steam, with two horizontal [[Triple expansion steam engine#Multiple expansion engines|triple expansion engines]] totaling {{convert|8500|ihp|lk=on|abbr=on}} driving two shafts for a speed of {{convert|18|kn|lk=in}}.<ref name=Conways1/><ref name=Register1/><ref name=Friedman1/> Like other US Navy ships of the 1880s, she was built with a sail rig to increase cruising range, later removed. The ship carried up to 400 tons of coal, with a cruising range as built of {{convert|3922|nmi|lk=on|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn|abbr=on}}; this could be increased to 850 tons for a range of {{convert|8333|nmi|lk=on|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Friedman1/>

===Refits===
In 1898 ''Newark''{{'}}s 6-inch guns were converted to [[quick-firing gun|rapid firing]].<ref name=Register1/> She was rebuilt in 1901–02 with [[6"/40 caliber gun|{{convert|6|in|adj=on|0}}/40]] caliber Mark 3 guns,<ref name=Conways1/><ref name=NavWeaps1/> with the secondary armament augmented or replaced by six [[3"/50 caliber gun|{{convert|3|in|adj=on|0}}/50 caliber guns]].<ref name=Register1/> The 3-inch guns were removed in 1908, and all armament was removed prior to her service as a [[hospital ship]] beginning in 1913.<ref name=Register1/>

==Service history==

===North & South Atlantic, 1891–1897===
''Newark'' operated off the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] coast for ten months, taking part in maneuvers and exercises until detached on 8 December at [[Norfolk Navy Yard]].  There she remained, undergoing post-shakedown overhaul until being assigned on 11 March 1892 to the [[North Atlantic Squadron]] and sailing on 14 March for the [[West Indies]]. The cruiser operated in [[Caribbean]] waters and off the lower east coast, showing the flag in West Indies ports until returning to Norfolk on 5 June where she was made [[flagship]] of Rear Admiral [[Andrew E. K. Benham]], Commander of the newly formed [[South Atlantic Squadron]], on 25 June.<ref name=DANFS />

She departed on 17 July for [[Cádiz]], [[Spain]] to participate in the ceremonies commemorating the 400th Anniversary of [[Christopher Columbus|Columbus]]' sailing.  Arriving on 30 July, she remained until 2 August then sailed for [[Genoa]], Columbus' birthplace, arriving one month later to continue the celebration.  Putting out from Genoa on 25 August, ''Newark'' cruised the [[Mediterranean]] and the [[Adriatic]], visiting many ports until arriving on 11 February 1893 at Cádiz to take in tow a full size reproduction of [[caravel]] ''[[Niña (ship)|Niña]]'' and sailing on 18 February for home. Transferred to the [[Naval Review]] Fleet for temporary duty on 1 March, the cruiser arrived at [[Havana]] on 21 March, parting with ''Niña'' there, thence sailing to [[Hampton Roads]] and [[New York (state)|New York]] where she picked up the caravel once more and proceeded down the [[St. Lawrence River]] to [[Quebec]], leaving the little ship there on 11 June and returning to Norfolk on 22 June.<ref name=DANFS />

''Newark'' next sailed on 20 September, this time for [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]], to protect American interests, arriving on 20 October and remaining until 1 April 1894.  The warship then operated off the [[South America]]n coast with the South Atlantic Squadron, making one cruise to [[South Africa]] from August to October 1894 and another the same time the following year, before returning to Norfolk on 27 April 1896. Assigned to the [[North Atlantic Station]] on 4 May, she joined her squadron at New York 25 June and engaged in patrol duty and exercises off the southeastern coast until decommissioning at Norfolk 6 March 1897.<ref name=DANFS />

===Spanish–American War, 1898===
[[File:NewYorkTribune-May29-1898.jpg|thumb|right|Marines manning the secondary battery, circa 1898.]]
Following extensive overhaul, ''Newark'' recommissioned on 23 May 1898, shortly after the declaration of [[Spanish–American War|war on Spain]], she sailed on 13 June for [[Key West]] and then Cuba, joining the [[blockade]] on 30 June.  Cruising in Cuban waters throughout the summer, the warship bombarded the port of [[Manzanillo, Cuba|Manzanillo]] on 12 August and on the following day accepted its surrender.  After the [[battle of Santiago de Cuba]], she participated in the final destruction of [[Pascual Cervera y Topete|Admiral Cervera]]'s fleet through bombardment of the burned hulks.  ''Newark'' returned to New York on 26 November 1898.<ref name=DANFS />

===Philippine–American War, 1899===
Departing New York on 23 March 1899, the cruiser steamed down the coast of South America on patrol, stopping at numerous ports along the way. In the middle of her cruise, on 7 April, she was ordered to proceed through the [[Straits of Magellan]] to [[San Francisco]]. The ship, low on coal, was forced to put into [[Port Low]], [[Chile]], from 31 May to 22 June to cut wood for fuel. Finally arriving [[Mare Island Navy Yard]] on 4 September, ''Newark'' underwent repairs and then sailed on 17 October via [[Honolulu]] for the [[Philippines]] arriving [[Cavite]] on 25 November to support the U.S. Army in the [[Philippine–American War]]. The warship took station off [[Vigan]], [[Luzon]], landed troops for garrison duty, then moved on to [[Aparri, Cagayan|Aparri]] on 10 December, receiving the surrender of insurrectionists in the provinces of [[Cagayan]], [[Isabela (province)|Isabela]], and [[Bataan]].<ref name=DANFS />

===Boxer Rebellion, 1900–1901===
[[File:U.S.S. Newark, 6-inch gun LOC 4a14470v.jpg|thumb|left|6-inch gun on USS ''Newark'']]
On 19 March 1900, she sailed for [[Hong Kong]] to rendezvous with the [[Monitor (warship)|monitor]]
{{USS|Monadnock|BM-3|6}} on 22 March and [[convoy]] that ship to Cavite, arriving on 3 April and staying there until sailing for [[Yokohama]] on 24 April, arriving three days later. The ship then hoisted the flag of Rear Admiral [[Louis Kempff]], Assistant-Commander of the [[Asiatic Station]] and sailed on 20 May for [[China]] to help land reinforcements to relieve the legations under siege by the [[Boxer Rebellion|Boxers]] at [[Beijing|Peking]].  Arriving [[Tianjin|Tientsin]] on 22 May, ''Newark'' operated in that port and out of [[Taku Forts|Taku]] and [[Yantai|Chefoo]], protecting American interests and aiding the relief expedition under Vice Admiral [[Edward Hobart Seymour]], R.N., until sailing at the end of July for [[Kure, Hiroshima|Kure]], Japan, and then Cavite where she hoisted the pennant of the Senior Squadron Commander in the Philippines.  She sailed for home in mid-April 1901, via Hong Kong, [[Ceylon]] and [[Suez]], arriving [[Boston]] late July 1901.  She decommissioned there on 29 July.<ref name=DANFS />

===North Atlantic Fleet, 1902–1906===
''Newark'' recommissioned on 3 November 1902, Commander [[Richard Wainwright (Spanish–American War naval officer)|Richard Wainwright]] in command and sailed on 14 December for duty in southern waters.  For the next two years she operated in the West Indies and off the coast of South America as part of the North Atlantic Fleet.  Returning to Norfolk briefly on 27 October 1904 to 9 January 1905, she resumed her duties in the West Indies for the first six months of the year and then in June, following exercises off Virginia, was assigned as a training ship to the [[United States Naval Academy]].  Placed in reserve at [[Annapolis]] on 15 September, she was restored to full duty on 3 May 1906 for her second east coast training cruise. On 4 August 1906 one of her launches was sunk in a collision with the tug ''T. A. Scott, Jr.'' at [[New London, Connecticut]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hb1k9k&view=1up&seq=321  |title=Annual report of the Supervising Inspector-general Steamboat-inspection Service, Year ending June 30, 1907  |publisher=Harvard University  |access-date=30 August 2019}}</ref> Following this duty, she put into Norfolk on 13 September where she embarked a Marine detachment and sailed for Cuba on the 17th.  The veteran cruiser returned home on 19 October and decommissioned at [[New York Navy Yard]] on 9 November.<ref name=DANFS />

===Cuba, 1908–1912===
Loaned to the [[New York Naval Militia]] on 23 March 1907, she recommissioned exactly one year later for duty as a station ship at the [[Guantanamo Bay Naval Base|Naval Station, Guantánamo Bay]], Cuba.  Arriving on 2 April 1908, she served on this duty until returning to Norfolk on 5 December 1912 to be placed in reserve on the 31st. ''Newark'' decommissioned on 16 June 1913 and was stricken from the [[Navy List]] on 26 June.<ref name=DANFS />

===Hospital ship, 1913–1926===
The old cruiser continued to serve her country following her Navy service.  Turned over to the [[United States Public Health Service|Public Health Service]], she served as [[Lazaretto|quarantine hulk]] for the hospital in [[Providence, Rhode Island]], until 1918 when she returned to the Navy to serve throughout [[World War I]] as an annex to the [[Naval Health Clinic New England#Naval Hospital Newport|Naval Hospital]], [[Newport, Rhode Island]].  Later transferred to New York, she returned to the Public Health Service at Providence, in May 1919. On 7 July 1926 she was again returned to the [[United States Department of the Navy|Navy Department]] for disposal and was sold on 7 September.<ref name=DANFS />

==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/n/newark-i.html}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book | last = Bauer | first = K. Jack | author-link = K. Jack Bauer | author2=Roberts, Stephen S. | title = Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants | publisher = Greenwood Press | year = 1991 | location = [[Westport, Connecticut]] | isbn = 0-313-26202-0 }}
* Burr, Lawrence. ''US Cruisers 1883–1904: The Birth of the Steel Navy.'' Oxford: Osprey, 2008. {{ISBN|1-84603-267-9}} {{OCLC | 488657946}}
* {{cite book |last=Friedman| first=Norman |author-link= Norman Friedman |title=U.S. Cruisers: An Illustrated Design History |publisher=[[United States Naval Institute]] | year=1984 | location=[[Annapolis, Maryland]] | isbn=0-87021-718-6}}
* {{cite book | last = Gardiner | first = Robert | author2 = Chesneau, Roger | title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905 | publisher = Mayflower Books | year = 1979 | location = New York | url = https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2 | isbn = 0-8317-0302-4 | url-access = registration }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|USS Newark (C-1)}}
*{{navsource|04/c1/c1|USS NEWARK (C 1)}}
*[https://www.history.navy.mil/search.html?q=%22uss+newark%22&category=%2Fcontent%2Fhistory%2Fnhhc%2Four-collections  Naval History and Heritage Command: USS ''Newark'' (C-1) photos]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Newark (C-001)}}
[[Category:Protected cruisers of the United States Navy]]
[[Category:Spanish–American War cruisers of the United States]]
[[Category:Philippine–American War ships of the United States]]
[[Category:Boxer Rebellion naval ships of the United States]]
[[Category:Ships built by William Cramp & Sons]]
[[Category:1890 ships]]
[[Category:Hospital ships of the United States Navy]]