Editing Ubud

{{Short description|Town in Bali, Indonesia}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
| translit_lang1     = Native
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Balinese script|Balinese]]
| translit_lang1_info1 = {{bal|ᬉᬩᬸᬤ᭄}}
| image_skyline = Ubud_(49818456887).jpg 
| image_caption = [[Ubud Monkey Forest|Monkey Forest]] Street in Ubud (Ubud metropolitan area)
<!-- Basic info ---------------->| official_name      = Ubud
| nickname= ''Ubud Capital of Culture of the World''
| settlement_type    = [[Town]]
| pushpin_mapsize1   = <!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_type   = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name   = [[Indonesia]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Province]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Bali]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of regencies and cities in Bali|Regency]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Gianyar Regency]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of districts and sub-districts in Gianyar Regency|District]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Ubud District]]
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| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 42.38 <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
| area_land_km2      = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
<!-- Population ----------------------->| population_as_of   = 2020 Census
| population_footnotes = 
| population_note    = <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref>
| population_total   = 74800
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_blank1_title = Ethnicities
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| timezone           = [[UTC+08]]
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
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[[File:Ubud Palace (2022).jpg|thumb|[[Ubud Palace]]]]
[[File:Performance Stage, Ubud Palace, Bali 1647.jpg|thumb|One of the halls of [[Ubud Palace]]]]
[[File:Ubud Cremation Procession 1.jpg|thumb|Royal funeral and [[cremation]] ceremony (2005)]]
[[File:Kings Tombs, Gunung Kawi, Bali 1631.jpg|thumb|The kings' tombs at [[Gunung Kawi]] temple]]
'''Ubud''' ({{langx|ban|ᬉᬩᬸᬤ᭄}}) is a town in the [[Gianyar Regency]] of [[Bali]], Indonesia. Ubud has no status, that is part of the eponymous [[Ubud District]] of Gianyar. Promoted as an arts and culture centre, Ubud has developed a large tourism industry.<ref>{{cite news |title= How Ubud became the holistic heart of Asia|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/topics/life/health/article/2016/02/01/how-ubud-became-holistic-heart-asia|publisher=SBS |date=2016-02-02 |access-date=December 31, 2018}}</ref> It forms a northern part of the [[Greater Denpasar]] metropolitan area (known as ''Sarbagita'').

Ubud is an administrative district (''[[kecamatan]]'') with a population of 74,800 (as of the 2020 Census)<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> in an area of 42.38&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. The central area of Ubud ''desa'' (village) has a population of 11,971 and an area of 6.76&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>,<ref>according to Kemendagri year-end of 2020 tabulation,</ref> and receives more than three million foreign tourists each year.<ref>{{cite news |title=2017, KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN KE GIANYAR CAPAI 3,8 JUTA |url=http://www.balipost.com/news/2018/04/19/43324/2017,Kunjungan-Wisatawan-ke-Gianyar...html |publisher=Tribunnews|date=2018-04-19 |access-date=December 31, 2018}}</ref> The area surrounding the town is made up of farms, rice paddies, agroforestry plantations, and tourist accommodations. As of 2018, more tourists visited Ubud than Denpasar to the south.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ternyata Wisatawan Lebih Banyak Berkunjung ke Ubud Dibandingkan Denpasar |url=http://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2018/08/27/ternyata-wisatawan-lebih-banyak-berkunjung-ke-ubud-dibandingkan-denpasar |publisher=Tribunnews|date=2018-08-27 |access-date=December 31, 2018}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Markt bij een puri in Oeboed TMnr 10024054.jpg|thumb|left|Market scene in Ubud, around 1912]]
Eighth-century legend tells of a [[Javanese people|Javanese]] priest, Rsi Markandya, who meditated at the confluence of two rivers (an auspicious site for Hindus) at the Ubud locality of Campuhan. Here he founded the Gunung Lebah Temple on the valley floor, the site of which remains a pilgrim destination.<ref name="Picard">Picard (1995)</ref>

The town was originally important as a source of medicinal herbs and plants; Ubud gets its name from the [[Balinese language|Balinese]] word ''ubad'' (medicine).<ref name="Picard"/>

In the late 19th century, Ubud became the seat of feudal lords who owed their allegiance to the king of [[Gianyar]], at one time the most powerful of Bali's southern states. The lords were members of the [[Balinese Kshatriya]] caste of Suk and were significant supporters of the village's increasingly renowned arts scene.<ref name="Picard"/>

[[Antonio Blanco (painter)|Antonio Blanco]], a Spanish-American artist, lived in Ubud from 1952 until he died in 1999.<ref>Hogan, ''A Guide to Bali'' (1974)</ref> A new burst of creative energy came in the 1960s after the arrival of Dutch painter [[Arie Smit]] and the development of the Young Artists Movement. The Bali tourist boom since the late 1960s has seen much development in the town.<ref name="Picard"/>

In 2002, [[2002 Bali bombings|terrorist bombings]] caused a decline in tourism throughout Bali including Ubud. In response to this, a writer's festival was created, [[Ubud Writers and Readers Festival]] to help revive tourism, the island's main economic lifeline.

== Streets ==
The main street is Jalan Raya Ubud (Jalan Raya means ''main road''), which runs east–west through the center of town. Two long roads, Jalan Monkey Forest and Jalan Hanoman, extend south from Jalan Raya Ubud.

== Buildings ==
[[Puri Saren Agung]] is a large palace located at the intersection of Monkey Forest and Raya Ubud roads. The residence of Tjokorda Gede Agung Sukawati (1910–1978), the last ruling monarch of Ubud, is still owned by the royal family. Dance performances and ceremonies are held in its courtyard. The palace was also one of Ubud's first hotels, opening its doors back in the 1930s.

Some Hindu temples exist, such as [[Pura Desa Ubud]], which is the main temple, [[Pura Taman Saraswati]], and [[Pura Dalem Agung Padangtegal]], the temple of death. The Gunung Kawi temple is the site of the royal tombs. [[Goa Gajah]], also known as the Elephant Cave, is located in a steep valley just outside Ubud near the town of Bedulu.

The [[Moon of Pejeng]], in nearby [[Pejeng]], is the largest single-cast bronze [[kettle drum]] in the world, dating from circa 300BC. It is a popular destination for tourists interested in local culture.

== Transportation ==
Like other towns popular with tourists in Bali, it is not permitted to order a metered taxi or ride-sharing service for pickup within Ubud. Instead, a taxi and price must be negotiated with a member of the local taxi cooperative. This protectionist system ensures the driver is from the local area, and also keeps the fares inflated to up to 10 times the rates available elsewhere.<ref>{{cite news |title='Why should we make foreigners rich?': Taxi drivers are taking on Uber and Grab in Bali, and some are turning to violence |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/uber-grab-bali-attacks-taxi-drivers-2018-6 |publisher=Business Insider |last=Jacobs |first=Harrison |date=Jun 23, 2018 |access-date=Feb 10, 2019}}</ref>

== Economy ==
The economy of Ubud is highly reliant on tourism which focuses on shopping, resorts, museums, yoga, and zoos. There is a strong focus on sustainable economy regarding the retail industry in Ubud,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cntraveler.com/story/finding-the-bali-you-came-for|title=Finding the Bali You Came For|last=Postman|first=Alex|website=Condé Nast Traveler|language=en|access-date=2019-10-30}}</ref> with many Bali-grown brands favoring materials and ingredients that would not cause much waste to the environment. From home and living amenities to tropical clothing brands, Ubud has quite a unique array of retail selections that have proven attractive to tourists from around the world.

One of the initiatives that have boosted Ubud as another popular tourist destination in recent years is the Ubud Food Festival (UFF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2019/04/23/ubud-food-festival-2019-to-promote-indonesias-culinary-identity.html|title=Ubud Food Festival 2019 to promote Indonesia's culinary identity|website=The Jakarta Post|language=en|access-date=2019-10-30}}</ref> Happening in less than a week every April, this festival brings fellow restaurateurs and restaurants in Ubud together to create either special menus or particular promotions that may not be available in other months.

In contrast to the tourist area in southern Bali, the Ubud area is less densely populated by locals. However, tourists far outnumber locals, with the Gianyar regency seeing 3,842,663 tourist arrivals in 2017 - 1.3 million alone visiting [[Ubud Monkey Forest]].<ref>{{cite news |title=2017, KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN KE GIANYAR CAPAI 3,8 JUTA |url=http://www.balipost.com/news/2018/04/19/43324/2017,Kunjungan-Wisatawan-ke-Gianyar...html |publisher=Tribunnews|date=2018-04-19 |access-date=December 31, 2018}}</ref>

== Culture ==
The town and area have some art museums, such as the [[Blanco Renaissance Museum]], the [[Puri Lukisan Museum]], [[Neka Art Museum|the Neka Art Museum]], and the [[Agung Rai Museum of Art]]. The [[Museum Rudana]] in Peliatan is nearby. Galleries promoting local and overseas crafts are abound, too, in Ubud. Some often hold exhibitions focused on stimulating a dialogue between both local and international artists, and less about selling artworks. One of the primary examples is BIASA ArtSpace,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fimela.com/lifestyle-relationship/read/4089866/menonton-video-karya-seniman-prancis-laurent-montaron-di-ubud|title=Menonton Video Karya Seniman Prancis Laurent Montaron di Ubud|last=Fimela.com|website=fimela.com|language=id|access-date=2019-11-01}}</ref> founded by art enthusiast and fashion designer [[Susanna Perini]].

The ''Tek Tok'' is a traditional Balinese dance that is accompanied by the musical sound of mouth 'Tek Tok' altogether with various combinations of body movement and other sounds. 
The story Draupadi Parwa told in the Tek Tok Dance tells a moral message, when a woman who embodies the values of patience, sacrifice, compassion, devotion, and holy sincerity is disrespected, then disasters and calamities will befall a kingdom or state. This story also conveys the message that truth, virtue, devotion, and genuine compassion will always be protected by God. The Tek Tok dance performance is held regularly at the Bali Culture Center (BCC) in Ubud four times a week. [[Ubud Writers and Readers Festival]] (UWRF) is held every year, which is participated by writers and readers from all over the world.

Many Balinese dances are performed around Ubud including the Legong by the Peliatan Dance Group, the first troupe to travel abroad.<ref>Linda Hoffman, Bali The Ultimate Guide, Pg163</ref>

==Climate==
Ubud has a [[tropical rainforest climate]] (Af).
{{Weather box
|width = auto
| location = Ubud
| metric first = Yes
| single line  = Yes
| Jan high C = 29.7
| Feb high C = 29.9
| Mar high C = 29.9
| Apr high C = 30.5
| May high C = 30.2
| Jun high C = 29.5
| Jul high C = 28.8
| Aug high C = 29.0
| Sep high C = 29.7
| Oct high C = 30.4
| Nov high C = 30.5
| Dec high C = 30.1

| Jan mean C = 25.7
| Feb mean C = 25.8
| Mar mean C = 25.6
| Apr mean C = 25.7
| May mean C = 25.4
| Jun mean C = 24.7
| Jul mean C = 24.2
| Aug mean C = 24.4
| Sep mean C = 25.0
| Oct mean C = 25.6
| Nov mean C = 25.9
| Dec mean C = 25.8
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 21.7
| Feb low C = 21.7
| Mar low C = 21.4
| Apr low C = 21.0
| May low C = 20.7
| Jun low C = 19.9
| Jul low C = 19.7
| Aug low C = 19.8
| Sep low C = 20.3
| Oct low C = 20.9
| Nov low C = 21.4
| Dec low C = 21.6
|precipitation colour= 
|Jan precipitation mm=325
|Feb precipitation mm=292
|Mar precipitation mm=215
|Apr precipitation mm=108
|May precipitation mm=124
|Jun precipitation mm=129
|Jul precipitation mm=175
|Aug precipitation mm=90
|Sep precipitation mm=123
|Oct precipitation mm=170
|Nov precipitation mm=201
|Dec precipitation mm=292
|source 1 = Climate-Data.org<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://en.climate-data.org/location/977880/
|title = Climate: Ubud 
|publisher=Climate-Data.org
|access-date = July 9, 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Administration==
Ubud kecamatan/district is made of up the following desa (villages): Kedewatan, Sayan, Singakerta, Peliatan, Mas, Lodtunduh, Petulu, and Ubud itself.

== Nature ==
The Mandala Suci Wenara Wana<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unofficialguide.ph/ubudmonkeyforest/|title=What you need to know before going to the Monkey Forest in Ubud, Bali|date=2018-09-18|website=Unofficial Guide Philippines|language=en|access-date=2018-09-03}}</ref> is known to Westerners as the [[Ubud Monkey Forest]]. The grounds contain an active temple and are located near the southern end of Monkey Forest Street. This protected area houses the [[Pura Dalem Agung Padangtegal]], and as of June 2017, approximately 750 [[crab-eating macaque]]s (''Macaca fascicularis'') monkeys live there.<ref name="monkeyforestubud-com">
{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.monkeyforestubud.com/monkey.html
 |title       = Sacred Monkey Forest Ubud Sanctuary - Mandala Wisata Wenara Wana - Padangtegal Ubud Bali
 |publisher   = Desa Adat Padangtegal
 |access-date  = 2009-06-21
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090415231745/http://monkeyforestubud.com/monkey.html
 |archive-date = 2009-04-15
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/nsw-man-faces-rabies-risk-after-monkey-bites-in-bali-20160315-gnjbpd.html|title=NSW man faces rabies risk after monkey bites in Bali|last=Cronshaw|first=Damon|date=2016-03-15|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|access-date=2018-09-03}}</ref>

The Campuhan Ridge Walk is a hill in nearby Campuhan, from where one can see two rivers, Tukad Yeh Wos Kiwa, and Tukad Yeh Wos Tengen, merge. A one-meter wide paved-block track runs about two kilometers to the top of the hill which is a popular spot to watch the sunset.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bali-indonesia.com/magazine/campuhan-ridge-walk-bali.htm|title=Campuhan ridge walk|date=April 29, 2019}}</ref>

Goa Gajah: Also known as the Elephant Cave, Goa Gajah is an archaeological site with intricate carvings and a tranquil meditation cave.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ubud Tourist Attractions in Bali |url=https://viraltodayone.my.id/UbudTouristAttractionsinBali |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=myviralonetoday.my.id |language=en}}</ref>

[[Tegenungan Waterfall|Tegunungan Waterfall]] is one of the highest waterfalls in the Ubud area of Bali. With a height of more than 40 meters from the ground, this waterfall is surrounded by green scenery.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Purnomo |first=Dini Diah |date=2025-01-31 |title=Tegunungan waterfalls |url=https://inivie.com/discover-bali/waterfalls-in-ubud |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250201215718/https://inivie.com/discover-bali/waterfalls-in-ubud |archive-date=2025-02-01 |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=ini vie}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* Picard, Kunang Helmi (1995) ''Artifacts and Early Foreign Influences''. From {{cite book
| editor-last = Oey | editor-first = Eric  | title = Bali | publisher = Periplus Editions | year = 1995 | location = Singapore | pages = 130–133 | isbn = 962-593-028-0}}

{{commons}}

== External links ==
* [https://ubud.id/ Ubud website]
* [http://www.ubudweather.com/ Weather station in Ubud]
{{Wikivoyage}}

{{Tourist attractions in Indonesia |state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ubud| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Bali]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Bali]]