Editing Ullmannite

{{Short description|Nickel antimony sulfide mineral}}
{{Other uses|Nickel glance (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox mineral
| name        = Ullmannite
| category    = [[Sulfide mineral]]
| boxwidth    = 
| boxbgcolor  = 
| image       = Ullmannite - Mt Narba - Sardinia.JPG
| imagesize   = 260px
| caption     = 
| formula     = [[nickel|Ni]][[antimony|Sb]][[sulfur|S]]
| IMAsymbol   = Ull<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3|pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43|bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W|s2cid=235729616|doi-access=free}}</ref>
| strunz      = 2.EB.25
| system      = [[cubic crystal system|Cubic]]
| class       = Tetartoidal (23) <br/>[[H-M symbol]]: (23)
| symmetry    = ''P''2<sub>1</sub>3
| unit cell   = a = 5.91(2)&nbsp;Å; Z&nbsp;=&nbsp;4
| molweight   = 
| color       = Steel-gray to tin white
| habit       = 
| twinning    = Penetration twins about [110]
| cleavage    = Perfect on {001} 
| fracture    = Uneven
| tenacity    = Brittle
| mohs        = 5–5.5
| luster      = metallic
| streak      = 
| diaphaneity = Opaque
| gravity     = 6.65–6.85
| density     = 
| polish      = 
| opticalprop = 
| refractive  = 
| birefringence = 
| pleochroism = 
| 2V          = 
| dispersion  = 
| extinction  = 
| length fast/slow =
| fluorescence= 
| absorption  =
| melt        = 
| fusibility  = 
| diagnostic  = 
| solubility  = 
| other       = 
| alteration  = 
| references  = <ref name=HBM>[http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/ullmannite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy]</ref><ref name=Webmin>[http://webmineral.com/data/Ullmannite.shtml Webmineral data]</ref><ref name=Mindat>[http://www.mindat.org/show.php?id=4086&ld=1&pho= Mindat with location data]</ref>
}}

'''Ullmannite''' or ''Nickel glance'' ([[trivial name]]) is a [[nickel]] [[antimony]] [[sulfide]] [[mineral]] with formula: NiSbS. Considerable substitution occurs with [[cobalt]] and [[iron]] in the nickel site along with [[bismuth]] and [[arsenic]] in the antimony site. A [[solid solution]] series exists with the high cobalt [[willyamite]].

==Physical properties==
Ullmannite is steel-gray to tin white in color with a metallic luster, has a [[Mohs hardness]] of 5 to 5.5 and a [[specific gravity]] of 6.65. Initially thought to be of two species, tetrahedral and cubic, it was later confirmed that both samples conformed to the 23 point group of the [[cubic (crystal system)|isometric crystal class]] and typically exhibits cubic, octahedral, or pyritohedral forms although euhedral crystals are rare.<ref name="Miers-1891">{{cite journal
|last=Miers
|first=A.H.
|year=1891
|title=The Tetardohedrism of Ullmannite. 
|journal=Mineralogical Magazine
|volume=9
|issue=43
|pages=211–213
|doi=10.1180/minmag.1891.009.43.03|bibcode=1891MinM....9..211M
}}</ref>

Variance in its chemical composition has been shown to be responsible for loss of symmetry and variations in striation patterns.<ref name="Takeuchi-1957">{{cite journal
|last=Takeuchi
|first=Y.
|year=1957
|title=The Absolute Structure of Ullmannite, NiSbS.
|journal=Mineralogical Journal
|volume=2
|issue=2
|pages=90–102
|url=http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/english/jnlabstract_en.php?cdjournal=minerj1953&cdvol=2&noissue=2&startpage=90
|doi=10.2465/minerj1953.2.90
|bibcode=1957MinJ....2...90T
|doi-access=free
}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Ullmannite crystals are usually less than 2&nbsp;mm, however larger have been identified in especially antimony rich environments.<ref name="Zhu-2010">{{cite journal
|last=Zhu
|first=Y.
|author2=An, F.
 |year=2010
|title=Native Antimony in the Baogutu gold deposit( West Junggar, NW China): Its occurrence and origin
|journal=Ore Geology Reviews
|volume=37
|issue=3–4
|pages=214–223
 |doi=10.1016/j.oregeorev.2010.03.005|bibcode=2010OGRv...37..214A
}}</ref>  Ullmannite commonly displays interpenetration twins as well as enantiomorphic twinning along [110].<ref name=HBM/>

==Occurrence==
[[File:Ullmannite-169966.jpg|thumb|left|Ullmannite crystals from the Masaloni Mine, San Vito, Cagliari Province, Sardinia, Italy (size: 5.4 × 3.3 × 2.1 cm)]]
It is a member of the [[cobaltite]] group and forms a series with [[willyamite]] ({{chem2|(Co,Ni)SbS}}). It occurs with [[nickeline]], [[gersdorffite]], [[pentlandite]], [[chalcopyrite]], [[pyrrhotite]], [[galena]], [[tetrahedrite]] and [[dyscrasite]] in [[hydrothermal]] deposits.<ref name=HBM/>

Principal localities are in [[Germany]], it is also found in [[Austria]], [[Australia]], [[France]], [[England]], and [[Wales]].

It was first described in 1843 for an occurrence in the Storch und Schöneberg Mine, [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Germany.<ref name=Mindat/>

Specimens of ullmannite were found at [[Sarrabus]], [[Sardinia]], Italy in 1887. The crystals of the specimens from Sarrabus were described as [[hemipolyhedron|hemihedral]] with parallel faces, whereas specimens from [[Lölling]] in present-day Austria were hemihedral with inclined faces.<ref name="Klein-1888">{{cite journal
|last=Klein
|first=C.
|author2=P. Jannasch
 |year=1888
|title=Ullmannite from Lölling and from Sarrabus. (''Jahrb. F. Min.'', 1887, ii, Mem., 169–173)
|journal=Journal of the Chemical Society, Abstracts
|volume=54
|page=31
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldY4AAAAMAAJ&dq=Sarrabus&pg=PA31
|access-date=December 23, 2010}}</ref>

==Origin of name==
Ullmannite was named for German [[chemist]] and [[mineralogist]], [[Johann Christoph Ullmann]] (1771–1821), one of the fathers of systematic mineralogy.  Ullmann established a mineral collection (now the basis for the internationally renowned  Museum of Mineralogy in Marburg<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.uni-marburg.de/fb19/minmus | title=Geographie }}</ref>) and authored ''Ein Systematisch-Tabellarische Übersicht der Mineralogisch einfachen Fossilien'', one of the first attempts to provide a structured organization to the observed minerals of the day.

==See also==
*[[List of minerals]]
*[[List of minerals named after people]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Palache, C., H. Berman, and C. Frondel (1944) ''Dana’s system of mineralogy'', (7th edition), v. I, 301–302.

{{Commons category|Ullmannite}}

{{Antimonides}}

[[Category:Nickel minerals]]
[[Category:Antimonide minerals]]
[[Category:Sulfide minerals]]
[[Category:Cubic minerals]]
[[Category:Glances]]
[[Category:Minerals in space group 198]]
[[Category:Minerals described in 1843]]