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Underfriction
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{{Short description|Roller coaster up-stop wheels that hold cars to the track}} [[Image:Roller coaster wheels.jpg|thumb|right|A roller coaster wheel assembly. The underfriction wheels are on the bottom. The three sets of wheels clamp onto the track.]] On a [[roller coaster]] [[Train (roller coaster)|train]], the '''underfriction''', '''up-lift''', or '''up-stop''' wheels are a device to keep the train from jumping off the track under intense movement.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Witter |first1=Bret |title=Carnival Undercover |year=2003 |publisher=Plume |isbn=978-0-452-28428-9 |pages=113 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1P3fAAAAMAAJ&q=underfriction |language=en}}</ref> The design was patented in 1919 by [[John A. Miller]].<ref>{{US patent|1319888|Pleasure railway structure}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cartmell |first1=Robert |title=The Incredible Scream Machine: A History of the Roller Coaster |year=1987 |publisher=Popular Press |isbn=978-0-87972-342-2 |pages=117 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qtyoe7tlkVcC&q=underfriction&pg=PA117 |language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> {{Roller coaster}} [[Category:Roller coaster technology]] {{tech-stub}}
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