Editing Unit load device

{{Redirect|LD2|the comet|P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)}}
{{short description|Pallet or container used to load luggage, freight, and mail on aircraft}}
[[Image:Unloading JAL 747.jpg|thumb|250px|Unloading LD3 containers from a [[Boeing 747]]]]
A '''unit load device''' ('''ULD''') is a [[shipping container|container]] used to load luggage, freight, and mail on [[wide-body aircraft]] and specific [[narrow-body aircraft]]. It allows preloading of [[cargo]], provided the containerised load fits in the aircraft, enabling efficient planning of aircraft weight and balance and reduced labour and time in loading aircraft holds compared with 'bulk-loading' single items of cargo or luggage by hand. Each ULD has its own packing list or [[Manifest (transportation)|manifest]] so that its contents can be tracked. A loaded aircraft [[cargo pallet]] secured with a [[cargo net]] also forms a ULD, but its load must be gauged for size in addition to being weighed to ensure aircraft door and hold clearances.

The [[IATA]] publishes ULD regulations and notes there are 900,000 in service worth more than US$1&nbsp;billion, averaging ${{#expr:1000/0.9round-2}} each.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.iata.org/publications/store/Pages/uld-regulations.aspx |title= ULD Regulations |publisher= IATA}}</ref>

==Types==
ULDs come in two forms: pallets and containers. ULD pallets are rugged sheets of [[aluminium]] with rims designed to lock onto cargo net lugs. ULD containers, also known as cans and pods, are closed containers often made of aluminium or a combination of aluminium (frame) and [[Lexan]] (walls) but there are examples of containers made of [[Fiberglass|GRP]] with an insulating foam core. Depending on the nature of the goods to be transported, ULDs may have built-in [[refrigeration]] units. Examples of common ULDs and their specifics are listed below.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Lower hold containers<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/company/about_bca/pdf/CargoPalletsContainers.pdf |title= Pallets and containers |publisher= Boeing |date= 2012}}</ref> volume in cu.ft (m<sup>3</sup>), dimensions in inches (cm)
|- 
! rowspan=2 | Type
! rowspan=2 | Internal<br/>volume 
! rowspan=2 | Height
! rowspan=2 | Depth
! colspan=3 | Width
! rowspan=2 | Contour
! rowspan=2 | IATA
! rowspan=2 | Suitability
|-
! Base
! Overall
! Nominal
|- 
| LD3-45<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nordisk-aviation.com/en/ld-containers/akh-ld3-45/nordisk-akh-/ |title= AKH (LD3-45) |publisher= Nordisk Aviation}}</ref>
| {{cvt|131|ft3|m3|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| {{cvt|45|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan=9 | {{cvt|60.4|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| {{cvt|61.5|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| {{cvt|96|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| Full
| Double 
| AKH
| Airbus A319/Airbus A320/Airbus A321
|- 
| LD2
| {{cvt|124|ft3|m3|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan=15 | {{cvt|64|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| {{cvt|47|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| {{cvt|61.5|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan=3 | Half
| rowspan=3 | Single
| APE
| Boeing widebodies
|- 
| LD3
| {{cvt|159|ft3|m3|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan=2 | {{cvt|61.5|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| {{cvt|79|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}} 
| AKE
| Airbus and Boeing widebodies, DC-10/MD-11, L-1011
|- 
| LD1
| {{cvt|175|ft3|m3|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| {{cvt|92|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| AKC
| Boeing widebodies, MD-11
|-
| LD4
| {{cvt|195|ft3|m3|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan=2 | {{cvt|96|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| {{cvt|96|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan=12 | Full
| None
| AQP
| Boeing 767/777/787
|- 
| LD8 (2×LD2)
| {{cvt|245|ft3|m3|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan= 3| {{cvt|125|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| Double
| AQF
| Boeing 767/787
|- 
| LD11
| {{cvt|256|ft3|m3|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan=10 | {{cvt|125|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan=2 | None
| ALP
| Boeing 747, 777, 787, DC-10/MD-11
|-
| PLA pallet{{efn|name=FlatNet}}
| {{cvt|250|ft3|m3|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| PLA
| 747, 777, 787 
|-
| LD6 (2×LD3)
| {{cvt|316|ft3|m3|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan=3 | {{cvt|160|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan=3 | Double 
| ALF
| 747/777/787, DC-10/MD-11
|-
| LD26 (P1P base)
| {{cvt|470|ft3|m3|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan=5 | {{cvt|88|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| AAF
| Airbus A330, A340, A350, and Boeing 747/777/787, DC-10/MD-11
|-
| LD7 winged pallet{{efn|The LD-7 winged pallet adds folding wings to the P1P flat pallet to allow overhang}}
| {{cvt|495|ft3|m3|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| P1P
| 747, 777, 787, DC-10/MD-11
|-
| LD7/P1P pallet{{efn|name=FlatNet|Flat pallet with a cargo net}}
| {{cvt|379|ft3|m3|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan=2 | {{cvt|125|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan=2 | None
| P1P
| All widebodies
|-
| LD9 (P1P base)
| {{cvt|381|ft3|m3|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| AAP
| Boeing widebodies, DC-10/MD-11 
|-
| LD29 (P1P base)
| {{cvt|510|ft3|m3|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan=2 | {{cvt|186|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan=2 | Double
| AAU
| 747
|-
| LD39 (P6P base)
| {{cvt|560|ft3|m3|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| rowspan= 2 | {{cvt|96|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| AMU
| 747
|-
| P6P pallet{{efn|name=FlatNet}}
| {{cvt|407|ft3|m3|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}{{efn|up to {{cvt|750|ft3|m3|1}} with a {{cvt|118|in|cm|1}} height}}
| {{cvt|125|in|cm|1|sortable=on|abbr=values}}
| None
| P6P
| 747, 767, 777, 787, DC-10, MD-11
|}

; Notes
{{notelist}}

[[File:Unit load device sizes.png|thumb|center|640px|Unit load device sizes]]

==Aircraft compatibility==
[[Image:Airbus A300 cross section.jpg|thumb|Cross-section of an Airbus A300 showing LD3 containers]]

LD3s, LD6s, and LD11s will fit [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|787]]s, [[Boeing 777|777]]s, [[Boeing 747|747]]s, [[McDonnell Douglas MD-11|MD-11]]s, [[Ilyushin Il-86|Il-86]]s, [[Ilyushin Il-96|Il-96]]s, [[Lockheed L-1011 TriStar|L-1011]]s and all [[Airbus]] wide-bodies. The [[Boeing 767|767]] uses the smaller LD2s and LD8s because of its narrower fuselage. The less common LD1 is designed specifically for the 747, but LD3s are more commonly used in its place because of ubiquity (they have the same floor dimensions such that one LD3 takes the place of one LD1). LD3s with reduced height ({{convert|45|in|m|2|order=flip}} instead of {{convert|64|in|m|2|order=flip}}) can also be loaded on the [[Airbus A320 family]]. LD7 pallets will fit 787s, 777s, 747s, late model 767s (with larger doors), and Airbus wide-bodies.

Interchangeability of certain ULDs between LD3/6/11 aircraft and LD2/8 aircraft is possible when cargo needs to be quickly transferred to a connecting flight. Both LD2s and LD8s can be loaded in LD3/6/11 aircraft, but at the cost of using internal volume inefficiently (33&nbsp;ft<sup>3</sup> wasted per LD2). Only the LD3 of the LD3/6/11 family of ULDs can be loaded in a 767; it will occupy an entire row where two LD2s or one LD8 would otherwise have fit (90&nbsp;ft<sup>3</sup> wasted per LD3). Policies vary from airline to airline as to whether such transfers are allowed.

The 787, intended to replace the 767, was designed to use the LD3/6/11 family of ULDs to solve the wasted volume issue.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tpJ8AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT25 |title=Flying the Boeing 787 |author=Vogel, Gib |date=2013 |page=25 |publisher=The Crowood Press Ltd |location=Ramsbury, Marlborough |isbn=978-1-84797-636-9 |access-date=21 February 2019 |quote=[The 787] interior fuselage width of 215in (5.46m) was to be 29in (0.74m) greater than the 186in (4.72m) width of the 767 to accommodate the more commonly available LD-3 size baggage containers in its cargo hold ...}}</ref>

===ULD capacity===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Widebodies
! rowspan=2 | Model !! colspan=3 | Lower deck !! colspan=3 | Main deck
|-
! data-sort-type="number" | Containers !! data-sort-type="number" | 88×125″ !! data-sort-type="number" | 96×125″
! data-sort-type="number" | 96×125″ !! data-sort-type="number" | 88×125″ !! data-sort-type="number" | 88x108″
|-
! [[Airbus A300]]-600<ref name=A300>{{cite web |url= https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A300-600-Dec-2009.pdf |title= A300-600 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning |date= Dec 2009 |publisher= Airbus}}</ref>
| {{#expr:12+10}} [[#Types|LD3]] 
| data-sort-value="4.10" | 4 + 10 LD3 
| data-sort-value="4.10" | 4 + 10 LD3 || 20 || 21<ref name= A300-A310P2F/> || 
|-
! [[Airbus A310]]<ref name=A310>{{cite web |url= https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A310-Dec-2009.pdf |title= A310 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning |date= Dec 2009 |publisher= Airbus}}</ref>
| {{#expr:8+7}} LD3 
| data-sort-value="3.07" | 3 + 7 LD3 
| data-sort-value="3.07" | 3 + 7 LD3 || 15 || 16<ref name= A300-A310P2F>{{cite web |url= https://www.elbeflugzeugwerke.com/fileadmin/pdfs/Brochure_EADS-EFW-A300-A310-Conversions.pdf |title= A300/A310 P2F |publisher= [[Elbe Flugzeugwerke]]}}</ref> || 
|-
! [[Airbus A330]]-2/800<ref name=A330>{{cite web |url= https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A330.pdf |title= A330 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning |date= Jul 2018 |publisher= Airbus}}</ref>
| {{#expr:14+12}} LD3 || {{#expr:4+4}} || {{#expr:4+4}} || {{#expr:18+4}} || {{#expr:20+3}} || {{#expr:22+4}}
|-
! Airbus A330-3/900<ref name=A330/>
| {{#expr:18+14}} LD3 || {{#expr:6+5}} || {{#expr:6+4}} || 26 || 26<ref name=A330P2F>{{cite web |url= https://www.elbeflugzeugwerke.com/fileadmin/pdfs/Brochure_We_are_Family.pdf |title= A330P2F |publisher= [[Elbe Flugzeugwerke]]}}</ref> || 
|-
! [[Airbus A340]]-200<ref name=A342-3>{{cite web |url= https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A340-200-300.pdf |title= A340-200/300 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning |date= Jul 2018 |publisher= Airbus}}</ref>
| {{#expr:14+12}} LD3 || {{#expr:5+4}} || {{#expr:5+4}} ||  ||  || 
|-
! Airbus A340-300<ref name=A342-3/>
| {{#expr:18+14}} LD3 || {{#expr:6+5}} || {{#expr:6+4}} ||  ||  || 
|-
! Airbus A340-500<ref name=A345-6>{{cite web |url= https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A340-500_600.pdf |title= A340-500/600 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning |date= Jul 2018 |publisher= Airbus}}</ref>
| {{#expr:18+12}} LD3 || {{#expr:6+4}} || {{#expr:6+4}} ||  ||  || 
|-
! Airbus A340-600<ref name=A345-6/>
| {{#expr:24+18}} LD3 || {{#expr:8+6}} || {{#expr:8+6}} ||  ||  || 
|-
! [[Airbus A350]]-900<ref name=A350>{{cite web |url= https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A350-900-1000.pdf |title= A350-900/1000 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning |date= Jun 2018 |publisher= Airbus}}</ref>
| {{#expr:20+16}} LD3 || {{#expr:6+5}} || {{#expr:6+5}} ||  ||  || 
|-
! Airbus A350F<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aircraft.airbus.com/en/aircraft/freighters/a350-freighter |title= A350F Freighter key figures |publisher= [[Airbus]] }}</ref>
| 40 LD3 ||  || 12 || 30 ||  || 
|-
! Airbus A350-1000<ref name=A350/>
| {{#expr:24+20}} LD3 || {{#expr:8+6}} || {{#expr:8+6}} ||  ||  || 
|-
! [[Airbus A380]]-800<ref name=A380>{{cite web |url= https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A380-Dec-2016.pdf |title= A380 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning |date= Dec 2016 |publisher= Airbus}}</ref>
| {{#expr:22+16}} LD3 || {{#expr:7+6}} || {{#expr:7+6}} ||  ||  || 
|-
! [[Boeing 747]] classic<ref name=B741-2-3-SP>{{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/747_123sp.pdf
 |title= 747-100/200/300/SP Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= May 2011 |publisher= Boeing}}</ref>
| data-sort-value="33" | {{abbr|{{#expr:16+14}} [[#Types|LD1]]|33 × LD3 volume}} ||  ||  || 28 || 28 || 36
|-
! [[Boeing 747SP]]<ref name=B741-2-3-SP/>
| data-sort-value="22" | {{abbr|{{#expr:10+10}} LD1|22 × LD3 volume}} ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! [[Boeing 747-400]]<ref name=B744>{{cite web |url= http://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/company/about_bca/startup/pdf/freighters/747-400f.pdf |title= 747-400/-400ER Freighters |date= May 2010 |publisher= Boeing}}</ref>
| data-sort-value="35.2" | {{abbr|{{#expr:16+16}} LD1 |35 × LD3 volume}}
| data-sort-value="9.044" | 9 + 4 LD1 
| data-sort-value="9.022" | 9 + 2 LD1 || 30 || 30 || 
|-
! [[Boeing 747-8]]/8F<ref name=B748>{{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/747_8.pdf |title= 747-8/8F Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= Dec 2012 |publisher= Boeing}}</ref>
| data-sort-value="44" | {{abbr|{{#expr:22+18}} LD1|44 × LD3 volume}} ||  
| data-sort-value="12.022" | 12 + 2 LD1 || {{#expr:27+5+2}} ||  || 
|-
! [[Boeing 767]]-200<ref name=B767>{{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/767.pdf |title= 767 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= May 2011 |publisher= Boeing}}</ref>
| data-sort-value="17.2" | {{abbr|{{#expr:12+10}} [[#Types|LD2]] |17 × LD3 volume}}
| data-sort-value="3.078" | 3 + 10 LD2 
| data-sort-value="3.078" | 3 + 10 LD2 ||  ||  || 
|-
! Boeing 767-300<ref name=B767/>
| data-sort-value="23.4" | {{abbr|{{#expr:16+14}} LD2 |23 × LD3 volume}}
| data-sort-value="4.1092" | 4 + 14 LD2 
| data-sort-value="4.1092" | 4 + 14 LD2 || 14 || {{#expr:14+2}} || {{#expr:24+2}}
|-
! Boeing 767-400<ref name=B767/>
| data-sort-value="29.6" | {{abbr|{{#expr:20+18}} LD2|29 ½ × LD3 volume}} ||  ||  5 + 16 LD2|| ||  || 
|-
! [[Boeing 777]]-200<ref name=B777>{{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/777_2lr3er.pdf |title= 777 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= May 2015 |publisher= Boeing}}</ref>
| {{#expr:18+14}} LD3 
| data-sort-value="10.02" | {{#expr:6+4}} + 2 LD3 || {{#expr:6+4}} || 27 ||  || 
|-
! Boeing 777-300<ref name=B777/>
| {{#expr:24+20}} LD3 
| data-sort-value="14.02" | {{#expr:8+6}} + 2LD3 || {{#expr:8+6}} || 33<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gecas-and-iai-launch-777-300er-cargo-conversion-461491/|title=GECAS and IAI launch 777-300ER cargo conversion|last=Kingsley-Jones|first=Max|date=2019-10-16|website=Flightglobal|language=en-GB}}</ref> ||  || 
|-
! [[Boeing_777X#777-8F|Boeing 777-8F]]<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/commercial/freighters/#/777-8f-highlight/777-8f/cargo-arrangements/ |title= 777-8 Freighter |publisher= Boeing}}</ref>
| 40 LD3<ref>{{cite news |url= https://leehamnews.com/2015/07/23/options-for-singapore-airlines-to-operate-direct-flights-to-the-us-part-2/ |title= Options for Singapore Airlines to operate direct flights to the US, part 2 |author= Bjorn Fehrm |date= July 23, 2015 |work= Leeham}}</ref>
| || 13 
| 31 ||  ||  
|-
! [[Boeing 777-9]]<ref name=B779>{{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/777-9_RevA.pdf
 |title= 777-9 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= May 2015 |publisher= Boeing}}</ref>
| {{#expr:26+22}} LD3 || {{#expr:9+7}} 
| data-sort-value="14.04" |{{#expr:8+6}} + 4 LD3 ||  ||  || 
|-
! [[Boeing 787]]-8<ref name=B787>{{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/787.pdf |title= 787 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= March 2018 |publisher= Boeing}}</ref>
| {{#expr:16+12}} LD3 || {{#expr:5+4}} 
| data-sort-value="8.02" | {{#expr:5+3}} + 2 LD3 ||  ||  || 
|-
! Boeing 787-9<ref name=B787/>
| {{#expr:20+16}} LD3 || {{#expr:6+5}} || {{#expr:6+5}} ||  ||  || 
|-
! Boeing 787-10<ref name=B787/>
| {{#expr:22+18}} LD3 || {{#expr:7+6}} || {{#expr:7+6}} ||  ||  || 
|-
! [[Douglas DC-10]]<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/dc10.pdf |title= DC-10 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= May 2011 |publisher= McDonnell Douglas }}</ref>
| {{#expr:16+10}} LD3 
| data-sort-value="5.08" | 5 + 8 LD3 ||  ||  || 22 || 30 
|-
! [[McDonnell Douglas MD-11]]<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/md11.pdf |title= MD-11 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= May 2011 |publisher= McDonnell Douglas }}</ref>
| {{#expr:18+14}} LD3 ||  
| data-sort-value="6.14" | 6 + 14 LD3  || 26 || 26 || 34 
|-
! [[Lockheed L-1011]]<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.tristar500.net/articles/techprofile.pdf |title= L-1011-500 TriStar technical profile |publisher= Lockheed }}</ref>
| {{#expr:12+7}} LD3 
| data-sort-value="4.07" | 4 + 7 LD3 ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
! [[Ilyushin Il-86]]/Il-96-300<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/ilyushin-il-86/252 |title= Ilyushin Il-86 |work= The International Directory of Civil Aircraft |author= Gerard Frawley |via= Airliners.net}}</ref>
| 16 LD3 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
! [[Ilyushin Il-96]]M/T<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/ilyushin-il-96m-il-96t/254 |title= Ilyushin Il-96M & Il-96T |work= The International Directory of Civil Aircraft |author= Gerard Frawley |via= Airliners.net}}</ref>
| 32 LD3 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Narrowbodies
|-
! Model
!
! data-sort-type="number" | Containers !! data-sort-type="number" | 96×125″ !! data-sort-type="number" | 88×125″ !! data-sort-type="number" | 88x108″
|-
! [[Airbus A319]]<ref name=A319>{{cite web |url= https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A319-Feb18.pdf |title= A319 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning |date= Feb 2018 |publisher= Airbus}}</ref>
!
| {{#expr:2+2}} [[#Types|LD3-45]] ||  ||  || 
|-
! [[Airbus A320]]<ref name=A320>{{cite web |url= https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A320-Feb18.pdf |title= A320 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning |date= Feb 2018 |publisher= Airbus}}</ref>
!
| {{#expr:3+4}} LD3-45 ||  || 11<ref name=A320-A321P2F>{{cite web |url= https://www.elbeflugzeugwerke.com/fileadmin/pdfs/EFW_A320_A321P2F_six_pager.pdf |title= A320/A321 P2F |publisher= Elbe Flugzeugwerke}}</ref> || 
|-
! [[Airbus A321]]<ref name=A321>{{cite web |url= https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A321-Feb18.pdf |title= A321 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning |date= Feb 2018 |publisher= Airbus}}</ref>
!
| {{#expr:5+5}} LD3-45 ||  || 14<ref name=A320-A321P2F/> || 
|-
! [[Boeing 707]]-320C<ref name=B707>{{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/707.pdf |title= 707 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= May 2011 |publisher= Boeing}}</ref>
!
| no lower ULD ||  || 13 || 13
|-
! [[Boeing 727]]-100C<ref name=B727>{{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/727.pdf |title= 727 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= May 2011 |publisher= Boeing}}</ref>
!
| no lower ULD{{efn|The B727-200 had an option to hold 11 specific {{cvt|45.5|-|92.4|x|41.1|x|43.4|in|m}} base-full width × height × depth, {{cvt|78|cuft}} underfloor containers.}} ||  || 8 || 8
|-
! [[Boeing 737]]-200C<ref name=B737>{{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/737.pdf |title= 737 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= Sep 2013 |publisher= Boeing}}</ref>
!
| no lower ULD ||  || 7 || 7
|-
! [[Boeing 737-300]]SF<ref name=B733>{{cite web |url= http://www.aeronautical-engineers.com/media/products/data_sheets/B737-300_9_Pallet_Spec_Sheet.pdf |title= B737-300SF Freighter Conversion |publisher= Aeronautical Engineers }}</ref>
!
| no lower ULD ||  || 9 || 
|-
! [[Boeing 737-400]]SF<ref name=B734>{{cite web |url= http://www.aeronautical-engineers.com/media/products/data_sheets/B737-400_11_Pallet_Spec_Sheet.pdf |title= B737-400SF Freighter Conversion |publisher= Aeronautical Engineers }}</ref>
!
| no lower ULD ||  
|  data-sort-value="10.5" | 10 ½ || 
|-
! [[Boeing 737-700]]C<ref name=B737/>
!
| no lower ULD ||  || 8 || 8
|-
! [[Boeing 737-800]]SF<ref name=B738>{{cite web |url= http://www.aeronautical-engineers.com/media/products/data_sheets/B737-800SF_12_Pallet_Spec_Sheet_1.pdf |title= B737-800SF Freighter Conversion |publisher= Aeronautical Engineers }}</ref>
!
| no lower ULD ||  
|  data-sort-value="11.5" | 11 ½ || 
|-
! [[Boeing 757]]-200F<ref name=B757>{{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/757_23.pdf |title= 757 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= May 2011 |publisher= Boeing}}</ref>
!
|  no lower ULD ||  || 15 || 
|-
!Comac [[Comac C919|C919]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=COMAC C919 Guide and Specifications: China's Chance to Corner the Competition - Aviator Insider |url=https://aviatorinsider.com/airplane-brands/comac-c919-guide/ |access-date=2024-09-10 |language=en-US}}</ref>
!
|{{#expr:3+4}} LD3-46<ref>{{Cite web |title=飞机装卸载系统的动力学分析 |url=https://wenku.baidu.com/view/d10e5bcb83eb6294dd88d0d233d4b14e85243e65?aggId=b55e32a00708763231126edb6f1aff00bfd57006&fr=catalogMain_text_ernie_recall_feed_index:wk_recommend_main3 |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=wenku.baidu.com}}</ref>
|
|
|
|-
! [[Douglas DC-8]]-55F<ref name="DC-8">{{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/dc8.pdf |title= DC-8 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= May 2011 |publisher= McDonnell Douglas }}</ref>
!
| no lower ULD || || 13 ||
|-
! Douglas DC-8-62/72F<ref name="DC-8" />
!
| no lower ULD || || 14 ||
|-
! Douglas DC-8-61/63/71/73F<ref name="DC-8" />
!
| no lower ULD || || 18 ||
|-
! [[Douglas DC-9]]-15F<ref name="DC-9">{{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/dc9.pdf |title= DC-8 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= May 2011 |publisher= McDonnell Douglas }}</ref>
!
| no lower ULD || || || 6
|-
! Douglas DC-9-32F<ref name="DC-9" />
!
|  no lower ULD || || || 8
|-
! [[McDonnell Douglas MD-80]]SF<ref name="MD-80">{{cite web |url= http://www.aeronautical-engineers.com/media/products/data_sheets/MD-80_Spec_Sheet.pdf |title= MD-80SF Freighter Conversion |publisher= Aeronautical Engineers }}</ref>
!
| no lower ULD || 8 || 8 || 12
|}
{{notelist}}

[[File:Loading LD3 cargo containers onto United Boeing 777-300ER.webm|thumb|LD3 containers being loaded onto a [[Boeing 777-300ER]].]]

Aircraft loads can consist of containers, pallets, or a mix of ULD types, depending on requirements. In some aircraft the two types must be mixed as some compartments take only specific ULDs.

Container capacity of an aircraft is measured in ''positions''. Each half-width container (LD1/LD2/LD3) in the aircraft it was designed for occupies one position. Typically, each row in a cargo compartment consists of two positions. Therefore, a full-width container (LD6/LD8/LD11) will take two positions. An LD6 or an LD11 can occupy the space of two LD3s. An LD8 takes the space of two LD2s.

Aircraft pallet capacity is measured by how many PMC-type LD7s {{cvt|96 by 125|in|cm}} can be stored. These pallets occupy approximately three LD3 positions (two positions of one row and half of the two positions of the following row) or four LD2 positions. PMCs can only be loaded in cargo compartments with large doors designed to accept them (small door compartments are container-only).

[[File:FOIQRATR72.JPG|thumb|An [[ATR 72]] with its cargo door open]]

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ [[Regional airliner]]s
|-
! Model
! LD3 !! 46×66” !! 88×54” !! 88×62” !! 88×108” !! 96×125”
|-
| [[Fokker 100]]<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/combi-freighter-plan-emerges-for-fokker-100-352758/ |title= Combi freighter plan emerges for Fokker 100 |date= 4 Feb 2011 |work= Flightglobal}}</ref>
| 11 ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| [[CRJ200]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.aeronautical-engineers.com/products/8-pallet-crj200/ |title= AEI's 8 pallet CRJ200 Freighter Conversion |publisher= Aeronautical Engineers, Inc.}}</ref>
|  ||  ||  || 8 ||  || 
|-
| [[BAe 146]]-200<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.pionair.com.au/news/bae-146-200qc/ |title= BAe 146-200QC arriving April 2013 |date= March 28, 2013 |publisher= Pionair}}</ref>
| 9 ||  ||  ||  || 6 || 4
|-
| [[ATR 72]]<ref name=ATRfamily>{{cite web |url= http://www.atraircraft.com/products_app/media/pdf/FAMILY_septembre2014.pdf |title= ATR Family |publisher= ATR |date= Sep 2014}}</ref> 
| 7 ||  ||  || 9 || 5 ||
|-
| [[ATR 42]]<ref name=ATRfamily/> 
| 5 ||  ||  || 6 || 3 ||
|-
| [[Bombardier Dash 8|Dash 8]]-300<ref>{{cite web |url= http://dash8freighter.com |title= Dash 8 freighter |publisher= B/E Aerospace}}</ref>
|  || 9 ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| [[Xian MA600]]<ref>{{cite news |url= https://cargofacts.com/a-new-small-freighter-from-china/ |title= A new small freighter from China |author= David Harris |date= January 10, 2013 |work= Cargo facts}}</ref>
| 5 ||  || 5 ||  ||  || 
|-
| [[Short 360]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=354 |title= Short 360 |work= The International Directory of Civil Aircraft |author= Gerard Frawley }}</ref>
| 5 ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| [[Cessna SkyCourier]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://cessna.txtav.com/en/turboprop/skycourier |title= SkyCourier |publisher= [[Cessna]] }}</ref>
| 3 ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|}

==Identification==
[[File:ULD nomenclature.svg|thumb|right|Dimension names of ULD (LD3/AKE shown)]]
All ULDs are identified by their ULD number. A three-letter prefix identifies its type and key characteristics,<ref name=VRR-IATA-ULD>{{cite web |url=https://vrr-aviation.com/uld-info/uld-id-code/ |title=Identifying a Unit Load Device |publisher=VRR Aviation |access-date=21 February 2019}}</ref> followed by a 4 or 5 digit serial number (4 if prior to October 1, 1993; either 4 or 5 if after October 1, 1993) to uniquely identify it from others of the same type, and ending with a two character (alpha-numerical) suffix identifying the ULD's owner (if an airline, often the same as [[IATA]] designator codes). For example, ''AKN 12345 DL'' means that the ULD is a forkliftable LD3 with the unique number ''12345'' and its owner is [[Delta Air Lines]].<ref name="Air_Cargo">
{{cite web
 |url=http://www.fredoniainc.com/glossary/air.html
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325233301/http://www.fredoniainc.com/glossary/air.html
 |archive-date=2016-03-25
 |title=Guide to Air Freight Containers
 |publisher=World Trade Press
 |year=2000
 |access-date=2016-11-02
 |url-status=dead
}}
</ref>
{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:85%;"
|+ IATA ULD prefix<ref name=VRR-IATA-ULD /><ref name="Air_Cargo"/>
|-
! Type{{efn|Identifies ULD category (certification, ULD type, thermal units).<ref name="Air_Cargo"/>}} !! Base size{{efn|Identifies standard base dimensions.<ref name="Air_Cargo"/>}} (depth × base width) !! Contour/restraint{{efn|Identifies contour (profile dimensions and shape), forklift holes, and other miscellaneous information.<ref name="Air_Cargo"/> For certified pallets (Pxx), this identifies the NAS 3610 classification to which the pallet is certified.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uldcare.com/all-about-contours/ |title=All about contours |date=29 October 2015 |publisher=ULD Care |access-date=21 February 2019}}</ref>}} (overall width × height)
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| {{ubl
 |'''A''' Certified Aircraft Container
 |'''B''' Certified Winged Aircraft Pallet{{efn|Previously used as "Certified Main Deck Aircraft Container"; this designation is obsolete.}}
 |'''C''' Non-Aircraft Container{{efn|name=obsolete|This designation is obsolete.}}
 |'''D''' Non-Certified Aircraft Container
 |'''E''' Non-Certified Main Deck Aircraft Container{{efn|name=obsolete}}
 |'''F''' Non-Certified Aircraft Pallet
 |'''G''' Non-Certified Aircraft Pallet Net
 |'''H''' Certified Horse Stalls
 |'''J''' Thermal Non-Structural Igloo
 |'''K''' Certified Cattle Stalls
 |'''L''' Certified Multi-Contour Aircraft Container
 |'''M''' Thermal Non-Certified Aircraft Container
 |'''N''' Certified Aircraft Pallet Net
 |'''P''' Certified Aircraft Pallet
 |'''Q''' Certified Hardened Aircraft Container
 |'''R''' Thermal Certified Aircraft Container
 |'''S''' Certified Multi-Modal Air/Surface Container{{efn|Previously used as "Structural Igloo – Solid Door"; this designation is obsolete.}}
 |'''U''' Non-Structural Container (Igloo){{efn|Previously used as "Structural Igloo – Other Closures" (meaning any door other than a solid door); this designation is obsolete.}}
 |'''V''' Automobile Transport Equipment
 |'''W''' Certified ULD for Aircraft Engine Transport
 |'''X''' Reserved for airline internal use
 |'''Y''' Reserved for airline internal use
 |'''Z''' Reserved for airline internal use}}
| {{ubl
 |'''A''' {{convert|88|×|125|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}
 |'''B''' {{convert|88|×|108|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}
 |'''E''' {{convert|53|x|88|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}{{efn|name=obsolete}}
 |'''F''' {{convert|96|×|117+3/4|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}{{efn|name=obsolete}}
 |'''G''' {{convert|96|×|238+1/2|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}
 |'''H''' {{convert|96|×|359+1/4|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}{{efn|name=obsolete}}
 |'''J''' {{convert|96|×|480|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}{{efn|name=obsolete}}
 |'''K''' {{convert|60.4|×|61.5|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}
 |'''L''' {{convert|60.4|×|125|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}
 |'''M''' {{convert|96|×|125|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}
 |'''N''' {{convert|61.5|×|96|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}
 |'''P''' {{convert|47|×|60.4|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}
 |'''Q''' {{convert|60.4|×|96|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}
 |'''R''' {{convert|96|×|196|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}
 |'''S''' {{convert|61.5|×|88|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''X''' Miscellaneous sizes, largest dimension between {{convert|96|and|125|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}{{efn|name=obsolete}}
 |'''Y''' Miscellaneous sizes, largest dimension {{convert|96|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}{{efn|name=obsolete}}
 |'''Z''' Miscellaneous sizes, largest dimension >{{convert|125|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}{{efn|name=obsolete}}}}
| {{ubl
 |'''A''' Main Deck, {{convert|96|×|96|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''B''' Main Deck, {{convert|96|×|96|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''C''' Lower Deck, {{convert|92|×|64|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''D''' Main Deck, {{convert|96|×|118|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''E''' Lower Deck, {{convert|79|×|64|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''F''' Lower Deck, {{convert|160|×|64|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''G''' Lower Deck, {{convert|79|×|45|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''H''' Lower Deck, {{convert|96|×|45|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''J''' Main Deck, {{convert|96|×|96|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''K''' Main/Lower Deck, {{convert|125|×|64|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''L''' Main Deck, {{convert|96|×|116|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''M''' Main Deck, {{convert|88|×|90|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''N''' Lower Deck, {{convert|79|×|64|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''P''' Lower Deck, {{convert|125|×|64|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''U''' Lower Deck, {{convert|186|×|64|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''V''' Main Deck, {{convert|96|×|96|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''X''' Main Deck, {{convert|96|×|118|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''Y''' Main Deck, {{convert|125|×|82|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
 |'''Z''' Main Deck, {{convert|125|×|82|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}}}
|}
; Notes
{{notelist|25em}}

===Common prefixes===
[[Image:LD-air-freight-containers.jpg|thumb|225px|A string of LD3 containers with AKE prefix]]
[[Image:Germanwings Container 03.jpg|225px|thumb|An LD3-45 container with AKH prefix. An AKE prefix ULD is visible to the right.]]

*AAA: LD7 container ({{Convert|88|x|125|in|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), {{convert|81|in|0|abbr=on}} tall, contoured for maindeck narrow-body
*AAD: LD7 container ({{Convert|88|x|125|in|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), {{convert|96|in|0|abbr=on}} tall, contoured for maindeck wide-body (aka A1)
*AAF:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo">[http://www.boeing.com/assets/pdf/commercial/startup/pdf/CargoPalletsContainers.pdf "Boeing Cargo"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213060300/http://www.boeing.com/assets/pdf/commercial/startup/pdf/CargoPalletsContainers.pdf |date=February 13, 2015 }}, Boeing, March 2012.</ref> LD26 container
*AAP:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD9
*AAU:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD29 container
*AAY: LD7 container ({{Convert|88|x|125|in|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), {{convert|81|in|0|abbr=on}} tall, contoured for maindeck wide-body and narrow-body (aka A2)
*AAZ: LD7 container ({{Convert|88|x|125|in|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), {{convert|64|in|0|abbr=on}} tall, contoured for maindeck wide-body and narrow-body and any belly (aka L9)
*AGA:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> M2 container
*AKC:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD1 without forklift holes
*AKE:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD3 without forklift holes/half ALF
*AKH, AKW: LD3-45 mainly for A320/321, {{convert|45|in|0|abbr=on}} tall, same base as AKE, extensions on both sides
*AKN:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD3 with forklift holes
*ALB:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD4 with forklift holes
*ALD: LD11 container (aka L11)
*ALF:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD6 without forklift holes
*ALP:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD11 without forklift holes
*ALP:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD4 without forklift holes
*AMA:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> M1 container
*AMD:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> M1H container
*AMJ: LD7 container ({{Convert|96|x|125|in|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), {{Convert|96|in|0|abbr=on}} tall, contoured for main deck wide-body (aka M1){{cn|date=February 2019}}
*AMU:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD39 container contour similar to ALF, but deeper and bigger extensions. biggest lower-deck container
*AVY:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD1 with forklift holes
*AWC:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD6 with forklift holes
*AYY:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> Demi, a half-width contoured container typically used for the main deck
*AYX:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> AYY with fittings to connect a fire extinguisher so as to carry Dangerous Goods
*DPE:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD2 without forklift holes
*DPN:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD2 with forklift holes
*DQF:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD8 with forklift holes
*FLA:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD11 pallet
*FQA: LD8 pallet (same floor dimensions as DQF)
*HMA:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> Horse stall
*KMA:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> Sheep and goat pen
*P1P:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD7, large pallet ({{Convert|88|x|125|in|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), folding wings for overhang
*PAD:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD7, large pallet ({{Convert|88|x|125|in|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), flat
*PGA:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> M6, large pallet ({{Convert|96|x|238.5|in|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), freighter main deck only
*PLA:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD11 pallet
*PMC: LD7, large pallet ({{Convert|96|x|125|in|0|abbr=on|disp=or}})
*QKE: LD3 same as AKE but made of KEVLAR and designed to be bombproof. No forklift holes.
*RAP:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD9 with refrigeration unit
*RAU:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD29 container with refrigeration unit
*RKN:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD3 with refrigeration unit
*RWB:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD11 with refrigeration unit
*SAA: Full-sized version of the AYY
*SAX: Full-sized version of the AYX
*VRA:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> M6, large pallet ({{Convert|96|x|196|in|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), twin car rack
*XAW:<ref name="Boeing_Cargo"/> LD7, large pallet ({{Convert|88|x|125|in|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), fixed wings for overhang
*XKC: LD3 without forklift holes/half ALF{{cn|date=February 2019}}

==Main-deck ULDs==

On the main deck of cargo planes are {{convert|79|to|108|in|mm|0}} tall ULDs with footprints similar to those of {{convert|88|in|mm|0}} or {{convert|96|in|mm|0}} wide pallets and {{convert|62|in|mm|0}} or {{convert|125|in|mm|0}} long. A {{convert|62|in|mm|0|adj=on}} wide × {{convert|88|in|mm|0|adj=on}} tall ULD is half the volume of a {{convert|125|in|mm|0|adj=on}} × 88 inch pallet. The 20 foot pallet is {{convert|238|in|mm|0}} long and {{convert|96|in|mm|0}} wide. What the actual dimensions of contoured upper deck ULDs are is very hard to know, because most manufacturers only profile width, length and height data.

There are several common types of contoured main deck ULDs, that are contoured (curved to fit in the plane's body) to provide as much cargo volume as possible. Initially ULD contouring was simply a triangle removed from one or two corners of the profile of the ULD, such as the common LD3 and LD6. Main deck ULDs use curves for the contoured shape to truly maximize cargo volume. Upper deck ULDs are just like lower deck ULDs that are either the full width of the plane with two corners of the profile removed (lower deck LD6 lower), or that container is cut in half, down the center line of the plane, (lower deck LD3 and upper deck AAX).

Main deck ULDs and pallets are not only taller than lower deck ULDs, they are frequently two or four times longer. They are usually organized like an LD6, using the width of the plane and missing two profile corners, or two very long LD3s, stored in parallel to use the plane's width and each missing one profile corner, but often twice or four times as long from plane's nose to tail.

Many air cargo companies use main deck ULDs that have both features called dual-profile, so that on smaller planes such as the Boeing 727, they are stored widthwise and have two corners contoured, and on the bigger Boeing 767, they can be rotated 90 degrees and shipped in parallel like LD3s, so that only one corner is contoured when being used like an LD3. This greatly simplifies transportation of cargo containers at slight cost of cargo volume.

==See also==
{{div col}}
* [[463L master pallet]], used for military aircraft transport and airdrops
* [[AAR Corp]], parent company of Nordisk Aviation, a manufacturer of ULDs
* [[Containerization]]
* [[Intermodal container]]
* [[Pallet]]
* [[Rio Tinto Alcan]], formerly [[Alusuisse]], a manufacturer of ULDs
* [[Shipping container]]
* [[Unit load]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Unit load devices}}
* {{cite web |url= https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/company/about_bca/pdf/CargoPalletsContainers.pdf |title= Pallets and containers |publisher= Boeing |date= 2012}}

[[Category:Civil aviation]]
[[Category:Shipping containers]]
[[Category:Air freight]]