Editing University of Michigan

{{Short description|Public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, US}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox university
| name                   = University of Michigan
| image_name             = Seal of the University of Michigan.svg
| image_upright          = .7
| motto                  = {{langx|la|Artes, Scientia, Veritas}}
| mottoeng               = "Arts, Knowledge, Truth"
| former_names           = Catholepistemiad (1817–1821)
| endowment              = $19.2 billion (2024)<ref>{{Cite news |date = October 22, 2024 |title = U-M's endowment generated 8.93% return rate in FY '24 |url = https://record.umich.edu/articles/u-ms-endowment-generated-8-93-return-in-fy-24/ |access-date = November 17, 2024 |publisher = University of Michigan }}</ref>
| budget                 = $13.1 billion (2024)<ref>{{Cite web |title = University Budget Book – FY 2024 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/budget/ubudgetbook_fy24.pdf |access-date = April 12, 2024 |publisher = Office of Budget and Planning }}</ref>
| president              = [[Domenico Grasso]] (interim)
| provost                = [[Laurie McCauley]]
| founders               = [[John Monteith (minister)|John Monteith]] <br> [[Gabriel Richard]]
| established            = {{start date and age|1817|8|26}}<ref name="Founding">{{Cite web |title = U-M's Foundings in Detroit and Ann Arbor: Key Dates |url = http://bicentennial.umich.edu/resources/u-ms-foundings-in-detroit-and-ann-arbor-key-dates/ |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20131101064603/http://bicentennial.umich.edu/resources/u-ms-foundings-in-detroit-and-ann-arbor-key-dates/ |archive-date = November 1, 2013 |access-date = January 28, 2016 |publisher = University of Michigan }}</ref>
| type                   = [[Public university|Public]] [[research university]]
| academic_affiliations  = {{hlist
 |[[Association of American Universities|AAU]]|[[Oak Ridge Associated Universities|ORAU]]
 |[[Universities Research Association|URA]]
 |[[University Research Corridor|URC]]
 |[[National Sea Grant College Program|Sea-grant]]
 |[[National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program|Space-grant]]
 }}
| students               = 52,855 (fall 2024)<ref name="Snapshot 2024">{{Cite web |title = Campus Statistics |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/factsfigures/enrollment_umaa_Fall2024.pdf |publisher = Office of Budget and Planning |website=umich.edu}}</ref>
| undergrad              = 34,454 (fall 2024)<ref name="Snapshot 2024" />
| postgrad               = 18,401 (fall 2024)<ref name="Snapshot 2024" />
| administrative_staff   = 24,812 (2024)<ref name="Snapshot 2024" />
| faculty                = 8,426 (2024)<ref name="Snapshot 2024"/>
| city                   = [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]]
| state                  = Michigan
| country                = United States
| coor                   = {{coord|42|16|37|N|83|44|17|W|display=inline,title}}
| campus                 = Midsize city<ref>{{Cite web |title = College Navigator – University of Michigan-Ann Arbor |url = https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=Michigan&s=all&pg=2&id=170976 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211107114346/https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=Michigan&s=all&pg=2&id=170976 |archive-date = November 7, 2021 |access-date = November 7, 2021 |website = nces.ed.gov }}</ref>
| campus_size            = {{cvt|3177|acre|km2}}<br />Total: {{cvt|20965|acre|km2}}, including arboretum<ref>{{Cite web |year = 2006 |title = Environmental Stewardship at the University of Michigan |url = http://www.oseh.umich.edu/OSEH%20Presentations/OSEH%20Lecture%20Series%206.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070615012332/http://www.oseh.umich.edu/OSEH%20Presentations/OSEH%20Lecture%20Series%206.pdf |archive-date = June 15, 2007 |access-date = April 29, 2007 |publisher = University of Michigan Occupational Safety and Environmental Health }}</ref>
| colors                 = Maize and blue<ref>{{Cite web |date = July 7, 2015 |title = Style Guide: Colors |url = http://vpcomm.umich.edu/brand/style-guide/design-principles/colors |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150714010133/http://vpcomm.umich.edu/brand/style-guide/design-principles/colors |archive-date = July 14, 2015 |access-date = July 7, 2015 |publisher = Office of Global Communications, University of Michigan }}</ref><br />{{college color boxes|Michigan Wolverines}}
| nickname               = [[Michigan Wolverines|Wolverines]]
| sporting_affiliations  = {{hlist|[[NCAA Division I FBS]] – [[Big Ten Conference|Big Ten]]|[[Collegiate Water Polo Association|CWPA]]}}
| website                = {{URL|https://umich.edu}}
| logo                   = University of Michigan logo.svg
| logo_upright           = 1.0
| accreditation          = [[Higher Learning Commission|HLC]]
| free_label             = Newspapers
| free                   = {{hlist|''[[The Michigan Daily]]''|''[[The Michigan Review]]''}}
| free_label2            = Yearbook
| free2                  = ''[[Michiganensian]]''
}}

The '''University of Michigan''' ('''U-M''', '''UMich''', or '''Michigan''') is a [[public university|public]] [[research university]] in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]], United States. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest institution of higher education in the state. The University of Michigan is one of the earliest American research universities and is a founding member of the [[Association of American Universities]]. In the fall of 2023, the university employed 8,189 faculty members and enrolled 52,065 students in its programs.<ref name="facstaffdetail">{{cite web |title=UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN – ANN ARBOR FACULTY HEADCOUNT DETAIL BY RANK, SEX, AND RACE/ETHNICITY |url=https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/factsfigures/facstaffdetail_umaa.pdf |website=obp.umich.edu |date=January 27, 2023 |access-date=June 14, 2024}}</ref><ref name="Snapshot 2023">{{Cite web |title = Ann Arbor Campus Snapshot – Fall 2023 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/factsfigures/Fall2023_CampusInfographic.pdf |access-date = April 12, 2024 |publisher = Office of Budget and Planning }}</ref><ref name="Enroll 2023">{{Cite book |url = https://www.masu.org/sites/default/files/documents/2023-11/MASU%202023%20Enrollment%20Report.pdf |title = ENROLLMENT REPORT FALL 2023 |publisher = Michigan Association of State Universities |year = 2023 |pages = 3 |language = en }}</ref>

The university is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". It consists of nineteen colleges and offers 250 degree programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Academics |url = http://umich.edu/academics |access-date = December 13, 2023 |website = University of Michigan |language = en }}</ref> The university is [[Higher education accreditation in the United States|accredited]] by the [[Higher Learning Commission]]. In 2021, it ranked third among American universities in [[List of countries by research and development spending|research expenditures]] according to the [[National Science Foundation]].

The University of Michigan's athletic teams are collectively known as the [[Michigan Wolverines|Wolverines]]. They compete in [[NCAA Division I]] ([[NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision|FBS]]) as a member of the [[Big Ten Conference]]. The university currently fields varsity teams across 29 NCAA-sanctioned sports. As of 2022, athletes from the university had won 188 medals at the [[List of American universities with Olympic medals|Olympic Games]].

Notable alumni from the university include 8 domestic and foreign [[head of state|heads of state]] or [[head of government|heads of government]], 48 [[U.S. senators]], 218 members of the [[U.S. House of Representatives]], 42 [[Cabinet of the United States|U.S. Cabinet secretaries]], and 41 [[U.S. governors]].

==History==
{{Main|History of the University of Michigan}}

=== The Catholepistemiad (1817–1821) ===

The University of Michigan traces its origins to August 26, 1817,<ref name="Founding" /> when it was established in the [[Territory of Michigan]] as the '''Catholepistemiad''' or '''University of Michigania''' through a legislative act signed by acting governor and secretary [[William Woodbridge]], chief justice [[Augustus B. Woodward]], and judge [[John Griffin (judge)|John Griffin]].<ref name=":11">{{cite book |last1=Shaw |first1=Wilfred B. |date=1942 |title=The University of Michigan, an encyclopedic survey |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015042059132 |location=University of Michigan |publisher=Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press |page=117 |hdl=2027/mdp.39015042059132 |isbn=}}</ref>{{rp|117}} In 1821, by a new enactment, the university itself was created as a "body politic and corporate,"<ref name=":11"/>{{rp|117}} maintaining its corporate status through various modifications to its charter.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906">{{harvnb|Hinsdale|1906}}</ref>{{rp|11}} The term "Catholepistemiad," a neologism derived from a blend of Greek and Latin roots, can be loosely translated as "School of Universal Knowledge".<ref>{{Cite web |title = SNAPSHOTS OF U-M HISTORY: Rising from the Ashes |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/features/rising-from-the-ashes/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210630032947/https://bentley.umich.edu/features/rising-from-the-ashes/ |archive-date = June 30, 2021 |access-date = May 8, 2022 |website = www.bentley.umich.edu }}</ref> This corporation was modeled after the [[University of France|Imperial University of France]], an entity established by [[Napoleon I]] a decade prior,<ref name="um2017.org">{{Cite web |title = The University of Michigan's Heritage – Two Centuries of Leadership |url = http://um2017.org/U_of_M_History_files/Brief%20Michigan%20History.pdf |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211010020717/http://um2017.org/U_of_M_History_files/Brief%20Michigan%20History.pdf |archive-date = October 10, 2021 |access-date = October 9, 2021 |publisher = um2017.org }}</ref><ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|10}} and included an array of schools and libraries under a single administration,<ref>{{harvnb|Hinsdale|1906|pp=8–9}}</ref> with the authority to establish additional schools across the territory.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|10}} It wasn't until Michigan became a state in 1837 that the corporation focused solely on higher education.<ref name="um2017.org" />

[[File:First Annual Report University of Michigania.JPG|thumb|left|First Annual Report of the ''University of Michigania'', authored by its first president [[John Monteith (minister)|John Monteith]], November 16, 1818]]

Promptly after the Territory of Michigan's formation in 1805, prominent citizens acknowledged the need for a college.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" /> In 1806, [[Gabriel Richard]], who presided over several schools in the [[History of Detroit#American control|Town of Detroit]], first petitioned for land to found a college.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-22 |title=Who was Gabriel Richard? |url=https://michigantoday.umich.edu/2017/09/22/who-was-gabriel-richard/ |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=Michigan Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Slagter |first=Martin |date=2017-08-26 |title=The University of Michigan is 200 years old - older than Michigan itself |url=https://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/2017/08/revisit_the_university_of_mich.html |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=mlive |language=en}}</ref> Although Governor [[William Hull]] and Woodward promulgated an act in 1809 to establish public school districts, this preliminary endeavor yielded negligible results.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunbar|May|1995|pp=188}}</ref> Woodward, aspiring to categorize knowledge (which he termed "encathol epistemia"), discussed this with [[Thomas Jefferson]] in 1814.<ref>{{harvnb|Fedynsky|2001}}</ref> In 1817, Woodward drafted a territorial act for the ''Catholepistemiad'', or ''University of Michigania'', which included thirteen professorships, or ''didaxiim''.<ref>{{harvnb|Shaw|1920|pp=8}}</ref> The act was enacted on August 26, 1817, with Richard appointed vice president and [[John Monteith (minister)|John Monteith]] as president. Woodward sought funding from the [[Zion Lodge No. 1 F&AM|Zion Masonic Lodge]], which contributed $250, leading to a total of $5,000 raised for the university.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|12}}<ref>{{Cite press release |title = Mysterious Freemason Celebrates 250th Anniversary in Michigan |publisher = prnewswire |url = https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mysterious-freemason-celebrates-250th-anniversary-in-michigan-254266941.html |last1 = Berry |first1 = Wesley |access-date = December 24, 2021 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211009121054/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mysterious-freemason-celebrates-250th-anniversary-in-michigan-254266941.html |archive-date = October 9, 2021 }}</ref> The cornerstone for the first schoolhouse, situated near the intersection of Bates Street and Congress Street in Detroit, was laid on September 24, 1817, and by the following year, a [[Lancasterian school]], taught by [[Lemuel Shattuck]], and a classical academy were operational.<ref>{{harvnb|Hinsdale|1906|pp=12}}</ref> Additional schools were established in [[Monroe County, Michigan|Monroe]] and [[Mackinaw City, Michigan|Mackinaw]] by the end of September 1817.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|11}} In 1821, a new act placed the corporation under the control of a board of trustees.<ref>{{harvnb|Hinsdale|1906|pp=12–13}}</ref> Monteith, no longer president, joined the board, and Richard served on the board until his death in 1832.<ref name=Bentley2004>{{harvnb|Bentley Historical Library|2004}}</ref> The trustees continued to manage the schools and classical academy, but established no new schools.<ref name=Hinsdale1906_14>{{harvnb|Hinsdale|1906|p=14}}</ref> By 1827, all schools had closed, and the Detroit schoolhouse was leased to private teachers.<ref name=Hinsdale1906_14 />

===Early years (1837–1851)===

[[File:Library and Chapel, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (front elevation) MET DT369502.jpg|thumb|[[Alexander J. Davis]]'s original University of Michigan designs featured the Gothic Revival style. Davis himself is generally credited with coining the term "[[Collegiate Gothic]]".]]

In 1837, following Michigan's admission to the Union, its constitution enabled the appointive regents to oversee university operations directly alongside professors, without the need for a president.<ref name="um2017.org" /> The regents met in [[Ann Arbor]] and accepted the town's proposal for the university to relocate,<ref name=Founding/><ref>{{Cite web |title = 002 1817-1871 PH.indd |url = http://umhistory.dc.umich.edu/history/publications/photo_saga/media/PDFs/2%201817-1871.pdf |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211031220923/http://umhistory.dc.umich.edu/history/publications/photo_saga/media/PDFs/2%201817-1871.pdf |archive-date = October 31, 2021 |access-date = October 14, 2021 |website = www.umhistory.dc.umich.edu }}</ref> based on a {{convert|40|acre|ha}} grant from the [[Treaty of Fort Meigs]]<ref>{{Cite web |title = AIUM: About |url = http://www.umich.edu/~aium/about.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180817172231/http://www.umich.edu/~aium/about.html |archive-date = August 17, 2018 |access-date = March 7, 2018 |website = www.umich.edu }}</ref><ref name="Central Campus History">{{Cite web |title = The Central Forty and The Diag (1837) |url = http://www.umich.edu/pres/history/markers/diag.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130901090004/http://president.umich.edu/history/markers/diag.html |archive-date = September 1, 2013 |access-date = April 29, 2007 |publisher = University of Michigan History and Traditions Committee }}</ref> on [[Henry Rumsey]]'s farmland.<ref name=":11">{{cite book |last1=Shaw |first1=Wilfred B. |date=1942 |title=The University of Michigan, an encyclopedic survey |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015042059132 |location=University of Michigan |publisher=Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press |page=117 |hdl=2027/mdp.39015042059132 |isbn=}}</ref>{{rp|32}} [[Alexander Jackson Davis]] devised the original campus plan in [[Gothic Revival style]],<ref>{{Cite book |last = Truettner |first = Julia M. |url = https://www.press.umich.edu/17028/aspirations_for_excellence |title = Aspirations for Excellence |date = 2003 |publisher = University of Michigan Press |isbn = 9780472112777 |access-date = December 24, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211224202852/https://www.press.umich.edu/17028/aspirations_for_excellence |archive-date = December 24, 2021 |url-status = live }}</ref> and the regents unanimously approved his proposal;<ref name=":702">{{cite web |last=Tobin |first=James |title=The Campus that Never Was |website=heritage.umich.edu |url=https://heritage.umich.edu/stories/the-campus-that-never-was/ |access-date=September 29, 2024}}</ref> however, the plan was abandoned due to financial constraints resulting from the [[Panic of 1837]].<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|31}}<ref>{{Cite web |last1 = Donnelly |first1 = Walter A. |last2 = Shaw |first2 = Wilfred B. |last3 = Gjelsness |first3 = Ruth W. |date = 1958 |title = President's House |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/preshouse.php |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211224202852/https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/preshouse.php |archive-date = December 24, 2021 |access-date = December 24, 2021 |website = bentley.umich.edu/ |publisher = University of Michigan Press }}</ref> In 1841, Mason Hall, the first campus building, was completed, followed by the construction of South College, an identical building to the south, in 1849, leaving a gap for a future grand centerpiece.<ref name=":702" />

[[File:Colored elevation of Mason Hall.jpg|thumb|Colored elevation of Mason Hall (built in 1841; demolished in 1950), the first building devoted to instruction on the Ann Arbor campus. The design was used as a reference by [[John F. Rague]] to build the [[North Hall (University of Wisconsin)|North Hall]] (built in 1851) in [[Madison, Wisconsin]], which is a [[National Historic Landmark]].<ref name="nrhp">{{cite web|first=Jeffrey M. |last= Dean |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Bascom Hill Historic District |date=June 1974 |url={{NRHP url |id=74000065}} |access-date=February 17, 2024 |publisher=[[National Park Service]]}} With {{NRHP url|id=74000065|photos=y|title=13 photos}}.</ref>]]

[[Asa Gray]] was appointed the first professor following the university's move to Ann Arbor in 1837,<ref>{{Cite web |title = New General Library |url = http://umhistory.dc.umich.edu/mort/original/1900/13%20University%20Library%201883/index.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200123141029/http://umhistory.dc.umich.edu/mort/original/1900/13%20University%20Library%201883/index.html |archive-date = January 23, 2020 |access-date = October 14, 2021 |publisher = UMHistory }}</ref>{{sfn|University of Michigan|2015}}{{sfn|Pitcher|1856|p=79}}{{sfn|Dupree|1988|pp=67–68}}<ref name="B0017XZGIK">{{cite book |last = Duderstadt |first = Anne. |author-link =  |date = January 1, 2006 |title = The University of Michigan: A Photographic Saga (Millenium Project) |url =  |location =  |publisher = University of Michigan Press |page =  |asin = B0017XZGIK }}</ref> alongside early faculty members [[Douglass Houghton]] and [[Andrew Ten Brook]].<ref name="B0017XZGIK" /><ref>{{Cite web |title = Professor White's trees |url = http://michigantoday.umich.edu/2008/04/trees.php |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100606173105/http://michigantoday.umich.edu/2008/04/trees.php |archive-date = June 6, 2010 |access-date = July 31, 2010 |website = Michigan Today }}</ref> The first classes in Ann Arbor were held in 1841, with six freshmen and a sophomore taught by two professors, Joseph Whiting and George Palmer Williams.<ref>{{Cite web |date = July 5, 2007 |title = University of Michigan Timelines: General University Timeline |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/umtimeline/general.php |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090421020242/http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/umtimeline/general.php |archive-date = April 21, 2009 |access-date = December 26, 2008 |publisher = Bentley Historical Library }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The beloved professors of U-M |date=May 1, 2017 |url=https://record.umich.edu/articles/beloved-professors-u-m/ |website=record.umich.edu }}</ref> In the first commencement of 1845, eleven graduates, including [[Judson Dwight Collins]], were awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree.<ref>{{cite web |last=Clarke |first=Kim |title=The First Freshmen |url=https://heritage.umich.edu/stories/the-first-freshmen/ |website=heritage.umich.edu |access-date=August 29, 2024 |publisher=Regents of the University of Michigan }}</ref> In subsequent years, the regents established branches across the state as preparatory schools for the university,<ref name="Kalamazoo Branch">{{Cite web |date = May 2023 |title = University of Michigan Branch 1838–1843 |url = https://www.kpl.gov/local-history/kalamazoo-history/education/university-of-michigan-branch/ |access-date = January 7, 2024 |publisher = Kalamazoo Public Library }}</ref> starting with [[Pontiac, Michigan|Pontiac]] and followed by [[Kalamazoo, Michigan|Kalamazoo]], [[Detroit]], [[Niles, Michigan|Niles]], [[Tecumseh, Michigan|Tecumseh]], [[White Pigeon, Michigan|White Pigeon]], and [[Romeo, Michigan|Romeo]].<ref name="Kalamazoo Branch" /> However, they struggled to enroll students and some merged with local colleges.<ref name="Kalamazoo Branch" /> [[Kalamazoo College]] was the Kalamazoo Branch of the University of Michigan from 1840 to 1850.<ref name="Kalamazoo Branch" /> Furthermore, the university struggled with issues due to its regents' dependence on the legislature from 1837 to 1850.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|40}} Despite several attempts to gain independence, progress was slow until the late 1840s, when regents gained leverage, supported by Michigan citizens.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|40}} This led to a revision of the organic act on April 8, 1851, which freed the university from legislative control, changed the regent position from appointed to elected, and established a president selected by the regents.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|40}}

===1851 to 1900===

{{multiple image
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}}

[[Henry Philip Tappan]] became the university's first president in 1852, with the ambition to shape the institution as a model for future universities.<ref name=":21">{{cite book |last1=Shaw |first1=Wilfred B. |date=1942 |title=The University of Michigan, an encyclopedic survey |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015042059132 |location=University of Michigan |publisher=Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press |hdl=2027/mdp.39015042059132 |isbn=}}</ref>{{rp|39–53}} During his decade of service, he overhauled the curriculum,<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|39–53}} expanded the library and museum collections,<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|39–53}} established the law school,<ref name="um2017.org" /> and supervised the construction of the [[Detroit Observatory]].<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|39–53}} He secularized faculty appointments by prioritizing merit in selections,<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|39–53}} breaking away from the retrograde tradition of regents distributing positions among Protestant denominations.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|39–53}} In 1855, Michigan became the second university in the country to issue [[Bachelor of Science]] degrees.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|48}} The following year, the country's first chemical laboratory was built on campus, specifically designed for chemistry education, providing additional space for classes and laboratories.<ref name="Chem Lab">{{Cite web |title = Chemical Laboratory |url = http://umhistory.dc.umich.edu/mort/original/1875/chemical_laboratory/index.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211021222339/http://umhistory.dc.umich.edu/mort/original/1875/chemical_laboratory/index.html |archive-date = October 21, 2021 |access-date = October 21, 2021 |publisher = UMHistory }}</ref> Tappan's tenure also saw the creation of the [[University of Michigan Men's Glee Club|Michigan Glee Club]], the oldest student organization at the university, and the publication of the first student newspaper, ''The Peninsular Phoenix and Gazetteer'', in 1857.<ref name="michiganbook">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ia6fAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA136 |title=The Michigan Book |pages=136–139 |year=1898 |last=Humphrey |first=Edwin |publisher=University of Michigan}}</ref> Despite these accomplishments, Tappan's 11-year presidency was marked by considerable tension.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|39–53}} His impartial stance on religion faced backlash during a time of heightened religious fervor.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|39–53}} Due to changes in the Board of Regents and discontent with his administration, he was forced to resign in 1863.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|39–53}}

In 1863, [[Erastus Otis Haven]] took office as president, having been a professor at the time and needing to prove his right for the presidency.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|54–59}} The campus was divided by conflicting views among students, faculty, and regents regarding Tappan's restoration, the homeopathy crisis, and the [[American Civil War|Civil War]].<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|54–59}} Haven's administration faced routine administrative difficulties and struggled to garner support for increased state aid, despite achieving modest gains.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|54–59}} The university, which had received a fixed $15,000 since 1869, still required additional funding.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|54–59}} Frustrated, Haven resigned in 1869 to become president of [[Northwestern University|Northwestern]], a [[Methodist]] institution, a move that sectarians viewed as a setback for secular colleges.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|54–59}} The presidency remained vacant from 1869 to 1871, with Professor [[Henry Simmons Frieze]] serving as acting president.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|59–62}} During this period, the university raised funds for University Hall, overhauled admissions with a diploma system, and introduced coeducation.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|59–62}} Women were first admitted in 1870,<ref>{{Cite web |date = September 26, 2008 |title = Suggested Research Topics – Gender and Social Space on the University Campus, 1870–1970 |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/research/topics/gendersp.php |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090313030542/http://bentley.umich.edu/research/topics/gendersp.php |archive-date = March 13, 2009 |access-date = December 25, 2008 |publisher = Bentley Historical Library }}</ref> although [[Alice Robinson Boise Wood]] was the first woman to attend classes (without matriculating) in 1866–67.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Brennan |first = T. Corey |date = n.d. |title = WOOD, Alice Robinson Boise |url = https://dbcs.rutgers.edu/all-scholars/9307-wood-alice-robinson-boise |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010141/https://dbcs.rutgers.edu/all-scholars/9307-wood-alice-robinson-boise |archive-date = January 23, 2019 |access-date = March 13, 2020 |website = Database of Classical Scholars |publisher = Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey |quote = When the question first came up in 1854 of admitting women to the University of Michigan, [[James Robinson Boise]] is the only professor on record to vote in its favor. A dozen years later, when his daughter Alice had graduated Ann Arbor High School, he is said to have been enraged that she could not continue at Michigan, and in September 1866 informally invited his daughter to join his Greek recitations at the university. Some of his colleagues followed suit. }}</ref> In 1870, Gabriel Franklin Hargo graduated from the law school as the second African American to graduate from a law school in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Michigan Black Lawyers' "Firsts" |website=michbar.org |url=https://www.michbar.org/file/barjournal/article/documents/pdf4article2622.pdf |publisher=Michigan Bar Journal |date=May 2015}}</ref> In 1871, [[Sarah Killgore]] became the first woman to graduate from law school and be admitted to the bar of any state in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.law.umich.edu/historyandtraditions/students/Documents/Sarah_Killgore_Bio.pdf |title = Michigan's First Woman Lawyer |publisher = University of Michigan Law School |access-date = September 14, 2013 }}</ref> Frieze championed music education and established the [[University Musical Society]].<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|59–62}} However, student discipline remained problematic, with frequent class rushes, instances of hazing, and rowdiness in chapel.<ref name=":98"/><ref name=":21"/>{{rp|59–62}} Past efforts to curb these disorders had proven ineffective, and Frieze blamed this on decentralized faculty control.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|59–62}}

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| alt2 = Statue of Benjamin Franklin facing the viewer with an open knee-length coat atop a pedestal that reads "Class Of '70" on a grassed yard with bare trees and a picket-style fence behind and a stone-block church to the back right
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[[James Burrill Angell]] became president in 1871 and would remain in the post for nearly four decades.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} His tenure would be remembered as the most successful in the university's history.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} Tappan's reforms in the 1850s set the university on a path to becoming an elite institution, but it was Angell who completed that transformation.<ref name="Turner 1989 12">{{harvnb|Turner|Bernard|1989|p=12}}</ref><ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} Shortly after his arrival, University Hall was completed and dedicated.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} During his presidency, he restored campus discipline,<ref name=":98"/><ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} resolved the long-standing homeopathy problem,<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} led non-denominational church services,<ref name=":98">{{cite web |last=Tobin |first=James |title=Who was James Angell? |url=https://michigantoday.umich.edu/2013/07/29/a8666/ |website=michigantoday.umich.edu |date=July 29, 2013 |access-date=December 22, 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} broadened the curriculum,<ref name="um2017.org" /> raised entrance and graduation requirements,<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} and persuaded the legislature to increase state aid.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} Angell's tenure saw the addition of many extracurricular activities, such as the [[Michigan Wolverines football|intercollegiate football team]] and the [[Michigan Marching Band|marching band]].<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} Though a reformer, Angell was not authoritarian; he encouraged open debate and aimed for near-unanimous agreement before implementing changes, rather than pushing through with only a narrow majority.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} In 1871-72, [[Charles Kendall Adams]] first introduced the German [[seminar]] method of study, marking its first use in America.<ref>{{Cite book |last = Brubacher |first = John Seiler |title = Higher Education in Transition |date = July 1, 1997 |publisher = Transaction Publishers |isbn = 1-56000-917-9 |page = 187 }}</ref><ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|71}} In 1875, the university founded the [[University of Michigan School of Dentistry|College of Dental Surgery]], followed by the establishment of the [[University of Michigan College of Pharmacy|College of Pharmacy]] by [[Albert B. Prescott]] in 1876. That year, the university awarded its first [[Doctor of Philosophy]] degrees: to [[Victor C. Vaughan]] in chemistry and William E. Smith in zoology.<ref name=":11132024">{{cite web |last=Easthope |first=Mary M. |title=A Chronicle of Graduate Education 1845 to 1982 |url=https://rackham.umich.edu/about/history/chronicle/ |website=rackham.umich.edu |access-date=November 13, 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Hinsdale 1906" /> They were among the first doctoral degrees to be conferred in the nation.<ref name=":11132024" /> The university remained the only institution in the state to grant PhD degrees until the late 1940s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSU College of Engineering Timeline |url=https://engineering.msu.edu/about/history-of-the-college |access-date=December 1, 2024 |website=engineering.msu.edu }}</ref> Ann Arbor's scholarly reputation grew during this period due to the contributions of the university's intellectual community, which included philosophers like [[John Dewey]], [[Charles Horton Cooley]], [[George Herbert Mead]], and [[Robert Ezra Park]].<ref>{{Cite book |last = Miller |first = David |title = George Herbert Mead: Self, Language, and the World |publisher = University of Texas Press |year = 2009 |isbn = 978-0-292-72700-7 |pages = xii-xix }}</ref> By the turn of the 19th century, the university was the nation's second largest after Harvard in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{Cite web |title = The First 150 Years |url = https://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/northwestern/spring2001/first150_long_feature.htm |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211010020717/https://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/northwestern/spring2001/first150_long_feature.htm |archive-date = October 10, 2021 |access-date = October 9, 2021 |website = northwestern.edu }}</ref>

[[File:Literary Class of 1880.jpg|thumb|Literary Class of 1880 (includes [[Mary Henrietta Graham]], the first African American woman graduate of the University of Michigan)]]

{{quote box
| border = 
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| width = 22em
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| quote = "Stand up for America; devote your life to its cause; love your homes, and prove as worthy of our cherished free institutions as they are worthy of your allegiance and service. Let not the high standard of National Honor, raised by the fathers, be lowered by their sons. Let learning, liberty and law be exalted and enthroned."
| author = [[William McKinley]]
| source = speaking to the first National Convention of the College Republicans in [[Newberry Hall]] in 1892<ref>{{cite web |first=Scott |last=Stewart |title=The College Republicans – A Brief History |publisher = College Republican National Committee | date=2002-06-24 |url=http://www.crnc.org/admin/editpage/downloads/CRNChistory.pdf |access-date=2008-09-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050702072121/http://www.crnc.org/admin/editpage/downloads/CRNChistory.pdf |archive-date = 2005-07-02}}</ref>
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With his presidency, Angell focused the university on preparing a new generation of secular leaders in public service.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} Angell himself was frequently called upon by the White House for diplomatic missions.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} In 1880, U.S. President [[Rutherford Hayes]] appointed him as Minister to China, where he successfully negotiated an immigration treaty that increased Chinese student enrollment.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} Later, in 1887, 1896, and 1897, [[Grover Cleveland]] appointed him to fisheries and waterways commissions.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} That same year, [[William McKinley]] named him Envoy Extraordinary to Turkey.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} By the late 19th century, the university had gained an international reputation, partly due to Angell's diplomatic efforts.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} During this period, over 80 subjects of the [[Emperor of Japan]] were sent to Ann Arbor to study law as part of the opening of that empire to external influence.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://michigan.law.umich.edu/about-michigan-law/michigan-law-history |title = Michigan Law History |publisher = University of Michigan Law School |access-date = February 17, 2024 }}</ref> The university was also involved in building the [[Philippine]] education, legal, and public health systems during the era of American colonization of the Philippines, thanks to the efforts of Michigan alumni, including [[Dean Conant Worcester]] and [[George A. Malcolm]].<ref>{{Cite book |last = Calata |first = Alexander A. |title = Mixed Blessing: The Impact of the American Colonial Experience on Politics and Society in the Philippines |date = 2002 |publisher = Greenwood Press |isbn = 9780313307911 |editor-last = McFerson |editor-first = Hazel M. |location = Westport, CT |pages = 90–91 |chapter = The Role of Education in Americanizing Filipinos |oclc = 756515246 }}</ref> Among the early students in the School of Medicine was [[Jose Celso Barbosa]], who graduated as valedictorian in 1880, becoming the first Puerto Rican to earn a university degree in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Guzmán |first = W. |date = May 22, 2020 |title = José Barbosa (1857–1921) |url = https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/jose-barbosa-1857-1921/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210923010739/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/jose-barbosa-1857-1921/ |archive-date = September 23, 2021 |access-date = August 27, 2021 |website = BlackPast.org }}</ref> [[Ida Gray]] graduated from the [[University of Michigan School of Dentistry|School of Dentistry]] in June 1890, becoming the first African-American woman dentist in the United States.{{sfn|Dykes|1996|p=496}} In the early 20th century, the university emerged as a preferred option for Jewish students pursuing secular education due to quotas on Jewish admissions at denominational colleges, and it has since become a haven for the Jewish-American academic community.<ref>{{Cite press release |date = December 28, 2023 |title = University to launch institute to address antisemitism |url = https://record.umich.edu/articles/university-to-launch-institute-to-address-antisemitism/ |access-date = January 7, 2024 |publisher = U-M Office of the Vice President for Communications }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date = November 29, 2023 |title = Buss: Once a haven, Jews now fearful on UM campus |url = https://www.detroitnews.com/story/opinion/columnists/kaitlyn-buss/2023/11/27/buss-once-a-haven-jews-now-fearful-on-um-campus/71717662007/ |access-date = January 7, 2024 |newspaper = The Detroit News }}</ref> Angell retired in 1909, and seven years later, he died in the [[President's House, University of Michigan|President's House]], which had been his home for forty-five years.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} His successor, [[Harry Burns Hutchins]], who was once his student, would lead the university through [[World War I]] and the [[Spanish flu|Great Influenza epidemic]].<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}}

===1900 to 1950===

[[File:Photo of courtyard Law Quadrangle.jpg|thumb|Law Quadrangle, ca. 1930s]]

In 1910, [[Harry Burns Hutchins]] assumed the presidency, becoming the first alumnus to hold that position.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|76–80}} He had spent seven years in [[Ithaca, New York]], where he was called by [[Andrew Dickson White]] and [[Charles Kendall Adams]] to establish the [[Cornell Law School]].<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|76–80}} Hutchins then became the dean of the law school at his alma mater, where he introduced the [[case method]] of instruction.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|76–80}} Hutchins was acting president when Angell was absent.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|76–80}} During his presidency, Hutchins established the [[Rackham Graduate School|Graduate School]],<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|76–80}} doubled enrollment,<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|76–80}} and increased the faculty.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|76–80}} He secured more state aid and alumni support to fund the university's capital needs,<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|76–80}} including the gothic Law Quadrangle,<ref name="Law Quadrangle">{{Cite web |title = The Law Quadrangle |url = http://umhistory.dc.umich.edu/mort/central/south%20of%20south%20U/Law%20Quadrangle/index.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200218134450/http://umhistory.dc.umich.edu/mort/central/south%20of%20south%20U/Law%20Quadrangle/index.html |archive-date = February 18, 2020 |access-date = October 18, 2021 }}</ref> [[Martha Cook Building]],<ref>{{Cite web |title = Martha Cook Residence Hall |url = http://umhistory.dc.umich.edu/mort/central/south%20of%20south%20U/Martha%20Cook/index.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211019033108/http://umhistory.dc.umich.edu/mort/central/south%20of%20south%20U/Martha%20Cook/index.html |archive-date = October 19, 2021 |access-date = October 18, 2021 }}</ref> [[Hill Auditorium]], and [[Michigan Union]], which became campus landmarks. Hutchins enhanced the university health service,<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|76–80}} but wartime distractions plagued his presidency. The influenza epidemic, which caused student deaths from poor care, deeply troubled him.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|76–80}} Well-liked by the regents who encouraged him to remain president, nonetheless, Hutchins retired in 1920.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|76–80}}

The 1920s at the university were marked by the brief tenures of two presidents, [[Marion LeRoy Burton]] and [[Clarence Cook Little]].<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|81–98}} In 1920, when Burton assumed office, a conference on higher education took place at the university, resulting in the establishment of the [[Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges]].<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|81–88}} Under his leadership, construction boomed on campus,<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|81–88}} and enrollments increased,<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|81–88}} propelled by the prosperous economy of the [[Roaring Twenties]]. He initiated the annual honors convocation,<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|81–88}} introduced the deans' conference,<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|81–88}} and increased university income.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|81–88}} The proposal for establishing a nonsectarian [[divinity school]] on campus came after strong advocacy from [[Charles Foster Kent]] and received unanimous backing from nearby churches.<ref name=":77">Laipson, Peter. “And the Walls Came Crumbling down: The Michigan School of Religion, 1920-1930.” Michigan Historical Review, vol. 21, no. 2, 1995, pp. 93–123. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/20173523. Accessed 27 Sept. 2024.</ref> The school was short-lived and was quietly shelved in 1927.<ref name=":77"/> Burton fell ill in 1924 and died in 1925.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|81–88}} In this emergency, President Emeritus Hutchins was called by the regents to assist, with [[Alfred Henry Lloyd]] serving as acting president until Little's arrival.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|81–88}} Clarence Cook Little was elected president in 1925,<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|88–98}} advocating for individualized education<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|88–98}} and reforming curricula, particularly for women.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|88–98}} Little proposed a curriculum division after two years to address knowledge gaps, leading to the University College proposal, which was ultimately abandoned after his resignation in 1929.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|88–98}}

[[File:People attending UM physics symposium pose for group photo Summer 1931.jpg|thumb|[[Hans Kramers|H.A. Kramers]], second row, sixth left with [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]], second row, fourth left, in a photograph of the Summer Symposium on Theoretical Physics in 1931 at the University of Michigan]]

[[File:UhlenbeckKramersGoudsmit.jpg|thumb|left|Physicists [[George Uhlenbeck|G.E. Uhlenbeck]], [[Hendrik Kramers|H.A. Kramers]], and [[Samuel Goudsmit|S.A. Goudsmit]] circa 1928 at Michigan]]

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Following Little's resignation, [[Alexander Grant Ruthven]], an alumnus, was elected president by unanimous vote.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|98–116}} He would lead the university through the [[Great Depression]] and [[World War II]].<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|98–116}} Under Ruthven's leadership, the university administration became more decentralized with the creation of the university council, various divisions, and a system of committees<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|98–116}} For years, the university was a backwater in theoretical physics. Nonetheless, this changed under department head [[Harrison McAllister Randall]], who brought theorists [[Samuel Goudsmit]], [[George Uhlenbeck]], and [[Otto Laporte]] onto the faculty.<ref>[http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=573&page=268 Laporte] – National Academy of Sciences Press</ref> Goudsmit mentored famous students at the university, including [[Robert Bacher]] and [[Wu Ta-You]], the Father of Chinese Physics, who in turn taught [[Zhu Guangya]] and two Nobel laureates, [[Chen Ning Yang]] and [[Tsung-Dao Lee]]. From 1928 to 1941, the Summer Symposium in Theoretical Physics featured renowned physicists like [[Niels Bohr]], [[Werner Heisenberg]], [[Paul Dirac]], and [[Erwin Schrödinger]], with at least fifteen attendees being Nobel laureates or future laureates.<ref>{{cite web |last = Levine |first = Alaina G. |title = Historic Sites Initiative – University of Michigan |url = https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/history/historicsites/summer.cfm |access-date = February 4, 2024 |website = American Physical Society }}</ref> [[Wolfgang Pauli]] held a visiting professorship at the university in 1931.<ref name="Burton">{{Cite web |last = Burton |first = Marion Le Roy |title = Department of Physics (University of Michigan) records, 1873–[ongoing]. |url = https://search.lib.umich.edu/catalog/record/990027429270106381?filter.author=Oppenheimer%2C+J.+Robert%2C+1904-1967.&library=Bentley+Historical+Library |access-date = November 1, 2023 |website = search.lib.umich.edu |publisher = UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LIBRARY }}</ref> [[Stephen Timoshenko]] created the first U.S. bachelor's and doctoral programs in engineering mechanics when he was a faculty professor at the university. In 1948, shortly after World War II, the Michigan Memorial Phoenix Project was established to honor the hundreds of lives lost from the university during the war.<ref>{{Cite web |title = MMPEI–History |url = http://www.energy.umich.edu/about/#history |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081229015555/http://www.energy.umich.edu/about |archive-date = December 29, 2008 |access-date = August 28, 2010 |publisher = Michigan Memorial Phoenix Energy Institute }}</ref><ref name="um2017.org" /> Funded by numerous contributors, including the [[Ford Motor Company]], the Phoenix Project operated the [[Ford Nuclear Reactor]], which established the nation's first academic program in nuclear science and engineering.<ref>{{Cite journal |last = Martin |first = Joseph D. |date = February 2016 |title = The Peaceful Atom Comes to Campus |journal = Physics Today |volume = 69 |issue = 2 |pages = 40–46 |bibcode = 2016PhT....69b..40M |doi = 10.1063/pt.3.3081 |doi-access = free  |issn=0031-9228}}</ref>

===1950 to present===

In 1951, [[Harlan Hatcher]] succeeded Ruthven and served as president until 1968, overseeing the construction of North Campus, the founding of [[University of Michigan–Flint|Flint Senior College]], and the establishment of the [[University of Michigan–Dearborn|Dearborn Center]], both now full-fledged branch campuses.<ref name=":31">{{cite web |author=Frank, Mary Jo |url=http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/9697/Nov14_96/artcl04.htm |title=U-M presidents have weathered wars, recessions, unrest to keep institution in leadership position |publisher=The University Record (University of Michigan) |date=November 14, 1996 |access-date=2007-03-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last = Pace |first = Eric |date = February 3, 1999 |title = Warren E. Miller, 74, Expert On American Voting Patterns |url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/03/us/warren-e-miller-74-expert-on-american-voting-patterns.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180912022153/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/03/us/warren-e-miller-74-expert-on-american-voting-patterns.html |archive-date = September 12, 2018 |access-date = September 11, 2018 |work = [[The New York Times]] }}</ref> The tenures of Hatcher and his successor, [[Robben Wright Fleming]], were marked by a sharp rise in campus activism, highlighted by the increase in political dissent linked to the [[Civil Rights Movement]] and the [[Vietnam War]].<ref name=":31" /> In 1963, a controversial admission policy known as "[[affirmative action]]" was introduced.<ref name=":66">{{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=Matthew |title=Managing Racial Inclusion: The Origins and Early Implementation of Affirmative Action Admissions at the University of Michigan |journal=Journal of Policy History |date=July 2017 |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=462–489 |doi=10.1017/S0898030617000197 |s2cid=157653014 }}</ref> It was a radical measure originated by [[Hobart Taylor Jr.]], aimed at boosting Black student enrollment at elite universities.<ref name=":66"/> In 1964, a group of faculty hosted the nation's first "[[teach-in]]" against U.S. foreign policy in Southeast Asia, attended by thousands of students.<ref>{{Cite journal |last = Newman |first = Matthew |date = October 1995 |title = U-M faculty's historic teach-in of 30 years ago: 'A Vital Service To Their Country' |url = http://www.ns.umich.edu/MT/95/Oct95/mt11o95.html |url-status = dead |journal = Michigan Today |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100602090041/http://www.ns.umich.edu/MT/95/Oct95/mt11o95.html |archive-date = June 2, 2010 |access-date = August 28, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date = December 22, 2008 |title = A Decade of Dissent: Teach-Ins |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/dissent/teachins.php |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100727123100/http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/dissent/teachins.php |archive-date = July 27, 2010 |access-date = August 28, 2010 |publisher = Bentley Historical Library }}</ref> Subsequent [[sit-ins]] by campus groups prompted administrative crackdowns, escalating tensions among radicals.<ref name=":31" /> This included a notable incident involving the Jesse James Gang, an offshoot of [[Students for a Democratic Society]], which took an on-campus military recruiter hostage.<ref name=":31" /> Meanwhile, Hatcher controversially dismissed three professors for their refusal to cooperate with [[Joseph McCarthy]]'s [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] during his tenure.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty Perspective: Remembering H. Chandler Davis |url=https://record.umich.edu/articles/faculty-perspective-remembering-h-chandler-davis/ |website=record.umich.edu |date=January 12, 2023 }}</ref> Hatcher's successor, Robben Wright Fleming, an experienced labor negotiator, guided the university through a turbulent era of activism.<ref name=":31" /> Unlike some other universities, Michigan did not experience violent outbreaks during this period.<ref name=":31" /> In 1970, two years after the assassination of [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], a strike organized by the [[Black Action Movement]] resulted in the university agreeing to several demands for minority support.<ref name=Glenn>{{cite news |url=http://annarborchronicle.com/2010/03/30/open-it-up-or-shut-it-down/|title="Open It Up or Shut It Down": The 1970 Black Action Movement strike at Michigan|last=Glenn|first=Alan|date=30 March 2010|publisher=Ann Arbor Chronicle|access-date=19 December 2012}}</ref> In 1971, the [[Spectrum Center (community center)|Spectrum Center]] was founded as the nation's oldest collegiate [[LGBT student center]].<ref>{{Cite web |date = November 11, 2011 |title = AADL Talks To Jim Toy and Jackie Simpson |url = https://aadl.org/node/164719 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210116141342/https://aadl.org/node/164719 |archive-date = January 16, 2021 |access-date = August 27, 2021 |publisher = Ann Arbor District Library }}</ref> Meanwhile, support among students for [[marijuana legalization]] was gaining traction on campus, as highlighted by the annual [[Hash Bash]] rally that began in 1972.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ann Arbor Hash Bash Archive Project |url=https://www.hash-bash.com/annarborhashbasharchiveproject.html |website=hash-bash.com}}</ref> Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, campus unrest began to affect the university's academic standing, which had been ranked among the top five in the nation.<ref name="1973 commencement">{{cite web |url=http://websites.umich.edu/~bhlumrec/c/commence/1973-Kerr.pdf |title=Clark Kerr 1973 Winter Commencement: THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY - END OF ITS GOLDEN AGE? |publisher=University of Michigan |date=2022-12-09 |accessdate=2022-12-09 |archive-date=2023-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119092704/http://websites.umich.edu/~bhlumrec/c/commence/1973-Kerr.pdf }}</ref> This standing started to decline during Fleming's tenure. Campus unrest persisted during [[Harold Tafler Shapiro]]'s presidency, which began in 1980, fueled by controversies surrounding the anti-missile [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] and investments in [[South Africa]].

President [[James Duderstadt]] would succeed Shapiro and remain president until 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ns.umich.edu/MT/95/Oct95/mt6o95.html |title=Michigan Today |access-date=2010-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602090102/http://www.ns.umich.edu/MT/95/Oct95/mt6o95.html |archive-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He facilitated achievements in the campus's physical growth and fundraising efforts. Duderstadt's successor, [[Lee Bollinger]], conducted several major construction projects like the School of Social Work building<ref>{{cite web|title=U-M School of Social Work: History|url=http://ssw.umich.edu/about/history|access-date=February 21, 2014}}</ref> and the Tisch Hall, named in honor of alumnus [[Preston Robert Tisch]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The Future of the Humanities|year = 1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQPkAAAAMAAJ&q=university+of+michigan+tisch+hall+1997&pg=RA2-PA13|access-date=20 April 2016|agency=University of Michigan / LSAmagazine, Volumes 20-22|issue=Spring 1998, page 13}}</ref> In 2003, two lawsuits involving the university's affirmative action admissions policy reached the U.S. Supreme Court: [[Grutter v. Bollinger]] and [[Gratz v. Bollinger]]. In 2002, the university elected its first female president, [[Mary Sue Coleman]], by unanimous vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.umich.edu/regents-elect-mary-sue-coleman-president-mary-sue-coleman/ |title=Regents elect Mary Sue Coleman president Mary Sue Coleman |website=news.umich.edu |date=May 29, 2002 |access-date=August 30, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.forbes.com/profile/mary-sue-coleman/46492|title=Mary Sue Coleman|website=forbes.com|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111051732/http://people.forbes.com/profile/mary-sue-coleman/46492|archive-date=November 11, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Throughout her presidency, Michigan's endowment saw continued growth, accompanied by a major fundraising drive known as "The Michigan Difference".<ref>{{cite web |title=The Michigan Difference campaign launched with $2.5 billion goal |url=https://news.umich.edu/the-michigan-difference-campaign-launched-with-25-billion-goal/ |date=May 14, 2004 |access-date=August 30, 2024 }}</ref> The Coleman's administration faced labor disputes with the university's labor unions, notably with the Lecturers' Employees Organization and the Graduate Employees Organization.<ref>{{cite web |last=SAINI |first=KJYOT |title=GSIs walk out |url=https://www.michigandaily.com/uncategorized/gsis-walk-out/ |website=michigandaily.com |date=March 25, 2005 }}</ref> In the early 2000s, the university faced declining state funding, prompting suggestions for privatization.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last = Sullivan |first = Amy |date = April 23, 2009 |title = Cash-Strapped State Schools Being Forced to Privatize |url = http://content.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1893286,00.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211010051453/http://content.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1893286,00.html |archive-date = October 10, 2021 |access-date = October 10, 2021 |magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1 = Weislak |first1 = Lance J. |last2 = LaFaive |first2 = Michael D. |date = March 1, 2004 |title = Privatize the University of Michigan (Viewpoint on Public Issues) |url = https://www.mackinac.org/V2004-08 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211114231442/https://www.mackinac.org/V2004-08 |archive-date = November 14, 2021 |access-date = November 14, 2021 |publisher = Mackinac Center for Public Policy }}</ref> Despite being a state institution de jure, it adopted private funding models.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Fain |first = P. |date = November 1, 2009 |title = At public universities: Less for more. |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/01/education/edlife/01public-t.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220509002710/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/01/education/edlife/01public-t.html |archive-date = May 9, 2022 |access-date = May 8, 2022 |website = The New York Times }}</ref> A 2008 legislative panel further recommended converting it to a private institution due to its minimal ties to the state.<ref>{{Cite journal |last = Kelderman |first = E. |date = May 1, 2009 |title = Public Colleges Consider Privatization as a Cure for the Common Recession |url = https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ841423 |url-status = live |journal = Chronicle of Higher Education |volume = 55 |issue = 34 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220509002710/https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ841423 |archive-date = May 9, 2022 |access-date = May 8, 2022 }}</ref> [[Mark Schlissel]] succeeded Coleman in 2014. Before his firing in 2022, Schlissel expanded financial aid offerings,<ref name="GBG intro article">{{Cite web|url=https://record.umich.edu/articles/u-m-unveils-tuition-guarantee-michigan-students-need/|title=UM Unveils Tuition Guarantee for Michigan Students With Need|last1=Fitzgerald|first1=Rick|date=15 June 2017|newspaper=The University of Michigan Record}}</ref> enhanced international engagement,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.puuma.org/en/news/regents-meeting-schlissel-offers-public-support-international-collaboration|title=At Regents meeting, Schlissel offers public support for International collaboration|date=2 May 2019}}</ref> and raised student diversity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://record.umich.edu/articles/wolverine-pathways-kickoff-event-draws-nearly-500-students-parents/|title=Wolverine Pathways Kickoff Event Draws Nearly 500 Students, Parents|last1=Allen|first1=Jeremy|date=29 February 2016|newspaper=The University of Michigan Record}}</ref> He also led initiatives in biosciences<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.umich.edu/u-m-biosciences-initiative-invests-45m-in-groundbreaking-research/|title=U-M Biosciences Initiative invests $45M in 'groundbreaking' research|last1=Erickson|first1=Jim|date=29 October 2018|newspaper=Michigan News}}</ref> and the arts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://record.umich.edu/articles/arts-initiative-seeks-proposals-for-arts-the-curriculum-program/|title=Arts Initiative seeks proposals for arts curriculum program|last1=Costa|first1=Gabriella|date=8 April 2022}}</ref> The university's 15th president was [[Santa Ono]], from 2022 to 2025. [[Domenico Grasso]], then-chancellor of the [[University of Michigan-Dearborn]] is the current interim president, since May 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domenico Grasso becomes interim president of University of Michigan |url=https://record.umich.edu/articles/domenico-grasso-becomes-interim-president-of-university-of-michigan/ |website=The University Record |date=March 1, 2024 |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref>

===Historical links===

[[File:HarryHutchins JamesAngell AndrewWhite.png|thumb|University presidents [[Harry Burns Hutchins]], left, and [[James Burrill Angell]], center, with [[Cornell University]] founder [[Andrew Dickson White]], right, in a 1900s photograph]]

The founding of the University of Michigan in the 19th century was influenced by the transatlantic [[Republic of Letters]], an intellectual community that spanned Europe and the Americas.<ref name=":21" />{{rp|39–53}} Key figures, such as [[Henry Philip Tappan]], were instrumental in aligning the university with the ideals championed by the intellectual community, including liberty, reason, and scientific inquiry.<ref name=":21" />{{rp|39–53}}<ref name="Turner 1989 12" /> Alumni and faculty from Michigan, like [[Andrew Dixon White]], carried these ideals forward as they shaped other institutions.<ref name=":22">{{cite book |last = Peckham |first = Howard Henry |author-link =  |date = September 26, 1994 |title = The Making of The University of Michigan 1817–1992 |url =  |location =  |publisher = UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN BENTLEY LIBRARY |page =  |isbn = 9780472065943 }}</ref> Notably, Cornell alumni [[David Starr Jordan]] and [[John Casper Branner]] later introduced these concepts to [[Stanford University]] in the late 19th century.<ref name=":22" /> [[Charles Kendall Adams]] and [[Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin]], the two figures most responsible for transforming the [[University of Wisconsin]] into a research university, both received their education at Michigan.<ref name="Turner 1989 12" />

Early university leaders like [[James Burrill Angell]] contributed to establishing other universities by sharing their insights.<ref name=":21"/>{{rp|63–75}} Alongside [[Charles William Eliot]] of Harvard, Andrew D. White of Cornell, and [[Noah Porter]] of Yale, Angell was heavily involved in the early period of [[Johns Hopkins University]] as an advisor to the trustees and recommended [[Daniel Coit Gilman]] as the first president of the wealthy new foundation.<ref name=":55">{{Cite book|title = Pioneer: A History of the Johns Hopkins University, 1874–1889|last = Hawkins|first = Hugh|publisher = Cornell University Press|year = 1960 |oclc = 876490592|location = Ithaca, NY|page = 15|isbn = 978-0-8108-5818-3}}</ref> [[Clark Kerr]], the first chancellor of the [[University of California, Berkeley]], referred to Michigan as the "mother of state universities."<ref>{{Cite web |last = Kerr |first = Clark |date = December 16, 1973 |title = Clark Kerr 1973 Winter Commencement: THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY – END OF ITS GOLDEN AGE? |url = http://websites.umich.edu/~bhlumrec/c/commence/1973-Kerr.pdf |access-date = December 1, 2023 |publisher = University of Michigan }}</ref>

* [[University of California]]: had its early planning based upon the University of Michigan.<ref>{{Cite book |last = Stadtman |first = Verne A. |url = https://archive.org/details/universityofcali00stad |title = The University of California, 1868–1968 |date = 1970 |publisher = McGraw-Hill |location = New York |pages = [https://archive.org/details/universityofcali00stad/page/7 7–34] |url-access = registration }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last = Marsden |first = George M. |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=E9QOfEZrrLYC&pg=PA134 |title = The Soul of the American University: From Protestant Establishment to Established Nonbelief |date = 1994 |publisher = Oxford University Press |isbn = 9780195106503 |location = New York |pages = 134–140 |access-date = November 9, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211109071657/https://books.google.com/books?id=E9QOfEZrrLYC&pg=PA134 |archive-date = November 9, 2021 |url-status = live }} Page 138 of this source incorrectly states that the date of the final negotiations in which Governor Low participated was October 8, 1869, but it is clear from the context and the endnotes to that page (which cite documents from 1867) that the reference to 1869 is a typo.</ref>
* [[University of Chicago]]: Michigan alumnus Robert Ezra Park played a leading role in the development of the [[Chicago school (sociology)|Chicago School of sociology]]. The University of Chicago Laboratory School was founded in 1896 by John Dewey and [[Calvin Brainerd Cady]], who were members of the Michigan faculty.
* Cornell University: [[Andrew Dixon White]] and [[Charles Kendall Adams]], the first and second presidents of Cornell, respectively, were members of the Michigan faculty. Cornell had its [[Cornell Law School|Law School]] founded by Michigan alumni Charles Kendall Adams and [[Harry Burns Hutchins]]. Six of the fourteen past presidents of Cornell University have had connections to the University of Michigan. [[Edmund Ezra Day]], the fifth president, was the founding dean of Michigan's business school. [[Frank H. T. Rhodes]], the ninth president, spent three years as vice president of academic affairs at Michigan. [[Martha E. Pollack]], the fourteenth president, served as provost at Michigan from 2013 to 2017. Additionally, [[Jeffrey S. Lehman]] received his graduate degrees from Michigan.
* Harvard University: Michigan alumnus [[Edwin Francis Gay]] was the founding dean of the [[Harvard Business School]] from 1908 to 1919,<ref>{{Cite web |title = Our History |url = http://www.hbs.edu/about/history.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130218170344/http://www.hbs.edu/about/history.html |archive-date = February 18, 2013 |access-date = January 7, 2009 |publisher = hbs.edu }}</ref> instrumental in the school's planning.
* [[Johns Hopkins University]]: had its [[Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine|pharmacology department]] established by [[John Jacob Abel]], an alumnus of Michigan.
* Massachusetts Institute of Technology: had its [[MIT Media Lab|Media Lab]] co-founded by Michigan alumnus [[Jerome Wiesner]]. [[Nicholas Negroponte]], the co-founder and Chairman Emeritus of the Media Lab, has held a visiting professorship at the University of Michigan.
* [[Northwestern University]]: Michigan alumnus [[Henry Wade Rogers]] was instrumental in transforming Northwestern from a small cluster of colleges into a major, nationally recognized university. His wife, [[Emma Winner Rogers]], founded the Northwestern University Settlement Association.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Henry and Emma Rogers Society |url = https://giftplanning.northwestern.edu/henry-and-emma-rogers-society |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220515232621/https://giftplanning.northwestern.edu/henry-and-emma-rogers-society |archive-date = May 15, 2022 |access-date = January 8, 2022 |publisher = Northwestern University }}</ref>
* [[Syracuse University]]: [[Alexander Winchell]] and [[Erastus O. Haven]], the first and second chancellors of Syracuse University, respectively, were members of the Michigan faculty.
* [[University of Washington]]: [[Charles Odegaard]], who served as president of the University of Washington from 1958 to 1973 and is credited with elevating its academic standing, was previously the dean of Michigan's College of Literature, Science, and the Arts.
* [[Wellesley College]]: Michigan alumna [[Alice Freeman Palmer]], the president of [[Wellesley College]] from 1881 to 1887, "transformed the fledgling school from one devoted to Christian domesticity into one of the nation's premier colleges for women."{{Sfn|Massachusetts Moments|2006}}
* [[Yale University]]: had its [[Residential colleges of Yale University|residential college system]] co-organized by [[James Rowland Angell]], a graduate of Michigan.{{sfn|Bergin|1983}} Michigan alumnus [[Henry Wade Rogers]] introduced the "case system" and the college degree requirement into the [[Yale Law School]].

==Campus==

{{maplink

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The University of Michigan's campus in Ann Arbor is divided into four main areas: the Central Campus area, the North Campus area, the North Medical Campus area, and Ross Athletic Campus area. The campus areas include more than 500 major buildings,<ref>{{Cite web |title = Environmental Protection Management Practices: Flood Control |url = http://www.oseh.umich.edu/environment/floodcontrol.shtml |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130514111416/http://www.oseh.umich.edu/environment/floodcontrol.shtml |archive-date = May 14, 2013 |access-date = March 8, 2013 |publisher = University of Michigan Occupational Safety and Environmental Health }}</ref> with a combined area of more than {{convert|37.48|e6sqft|acre km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Office of Campus Sustainability |title = University of Michigan-FY2018 Annual Environmental Metrics Report |url = https://ocs.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/FY-2018-env-metrics-final.pdf |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200523105438/https://ocs.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/FY-2018-env-metrics-final.pdf |archive-date = May 23, 2020 |access-date = March 13, 2020 |page = 3 }}</ref> The Central and Athletic Campus areas are contiguous, while the North Campus area is separated from them, primarily by the [[Huron River (Michigan)|Huron River]].<ref>{{Cite map |title = Ann Arbor Map |url = http://campusinfo.umich.edu/maps/ann-arbor |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130413071623/http://campusinfo.umich.edu/maps/ann-arbor |archive-date = April 13, 2013 |access-date = March 8, 2013 |publisher = University of Michigan, MM&D }}</ref> The North Medical Campus area was developed on Plymouth Road, with several university-owned buildings for outpatient care, diagnostics, and outpatient surgery.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Street Map to Rachel Upjohn Building |url = http://www.uofmhealth.org/maps-directions |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120818112646/http://www.uofmhealth.org/maps-directions/ |archive-date = August 18, 2012 |access-date = October 25, 2008 |publisher = University of Michigan Health System }}—The linked map shows the entire East Medical Campus.</ref>

All four campus areas are connected by bus services, the majority of which connect the North and Central campus areas. There is a shuttle service connecting the University Hospital, which lies between North and Central campus areas, with other medical facilities throughout northeastern Ann Arbor.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Buses |url = https://campusinfo.umich.edu/article/buses-0 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211005141411/https://campusinfo.umich.edu/article/buses-0 |archive-date = October 5, 2021 |access-date = October 5, 2021 |publisher = University of Michigan }}</ref>

There is leased space in buildings scattered throughout the city, many occupied by organizations affiliated with the University of Michigan Health System. In addition to the University of Michigan Golf Course on Ross Athletic Campus, the university operates a second golf course on Geddes Road called Radrick Farms Golf Course.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Welcome to Radrick Farms Golf Course |url = http://radrick.umich.edu/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130330090502/http://radrick.umich.edu/ |archive-date = March 30, 2013 |access-date = April 8, 2013 |publisher = University of Michigan }}</ref> The university also operates a large office building called Wolverine Tower in southern Ann Arbor. The Inglis House is an off-campus facility, which the university has owned since the 1950s. The Inglis House is a {{convert|10,000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} mansion used to hold various social events, including meetings of the Board of Regents, and to host visiting dignitaries.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Duderstadt |first = Anne |title = The Inglis House Estate at the University of Michigan |url = http://umhistory.dc.umich.edu/history/publications/inglis/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013222511/http://umhistory.dc.umich.edu/history/publications/inglis/ |archive-date = October 13, 2007 |access-date = April 28, 2007 |publisher = University of Michigan }}</ref> Another major off-campus facility is the [[Matthaei Botanical Gardens]], which is located on the eastern outskirts of the City of Ann Arbor.<ref>{{Cite book |date = April 22, 1998 |title = Campus Planning – Overview Report 1998 (Introduction and Summary) |url = http://www.aec.bf.umich.edu/campus.plans/Phase1/Phase1%20Overview%20-%204-22-98%20Introduction%20and%20Summary.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140423130901/http://www.aec.bf.umich.edu/campus.plans/Phase1/Phase1%20Overview%20-%204-22-98%20Introduction%20and%20Summary.pdf |archive-date = April 23, 2014 |access-date = March 8, 2013 |publisher = University of Michigan – Architecture, Engineering and Construction |page = 3 }}</ref>

===Central Campus Historic District===
{{further|University of Michigan Central Campus Historic District}}

[[File:Northwest corner of UM campus about 1873.jpg|thumb|The northwest corner of The Diag around 1873, showing the university's gate, the Law Building (1863–1950) and University Hall (1872–1950)]]

The original Central Campus spanned {{convert|40|acre|ha}}, bordered by North University Avenue, South University Avenue, East University Avenue, and State Street. The master plan was developed by [[Alexander Jackson Davis]]. The first structures built included four Greek Revival faculty residences in 1840,<ref>{{cite web |title=Professors' Houses, Northwest Unit |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/profnw.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Professors' Houses, Northeast Unit |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/profne.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Old Engineering Building |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/profse.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref><ref name=":1010241">{{cite web |title=President's House |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/preshouse.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> as well as Mason Hall (1841–1950)<ref>{{cite web |title=Mason Hall |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/masonhall.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> and South College (1849–1950),<ref>{{cite web |title=South College |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/southhall.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> which functioned as both academic spaces and dormitories. Only one of the original faculty residences remains today; it has been renovated in the Italianate style to serve as the [[President's House, University of Michigan|President's House]],<ref name=":1010241"/> making it the oldest building on campus.<ref name="Central Campus History" /> The Chemical Laboratory,<ref>{{cite web |title=Chemical Laboratory |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/chemlab.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> built by [[Albert Jordan]] in 1856 and operational until 1980, was notable for housing the nation's first instructional chemistry lab. After the completion of the Old Medical Building (1850–1914)<ref>{{cite web |title=Old Medical Building |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/medbldg.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> and the Law Building (1863–1950),<ref>{{cite web |title=Law Building (Old Haven Hall) |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/oldhaven.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> an open space known as [[The Diag]] began to take shape. Among the prominent structures on the original Central Campus was University Hall (1872–1950),<ref>{{cite web |title=University Hall |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/university.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> designed by alumnus [[E. S. Jennison|Edwin Shannon Jennison]].<ref name = "nom">{{citation | title = NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY- NOMINATION FORM: University Of Michigan Central Campus Historic District | author = Laurie K. Sommers | series = Records of the National Park Service | date = December 7, 1977 | url = https://catalog.archives.gov/id/25340637}}</ref>

The Central Campus today, however, bears little resemblance to its 19th-century appearance, as most of its structures were constructed in the early 20th century.<ref>{{Cite web |year = 2008 |title = 2008 Annual Environmental Report |url = http://www.oseh.umich.edu/pdf/08_report.pdf |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130515004102/http://www.oseh.umich.edu/pdf/08_report.pdf |archive-date = May 15, 2013 |access-date = March 8, 2013 |publisher = The Regents of the University of Michigan |page = 9 }}</ref><ref name="Campus Housing">{{Cite web |title = Undergraduate Housing Overviews |url = http://www.housing.umich.edu/undergrad |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130318213559/http://www.housing.umich.edu/undergrad |archive-date = March 18, 2013 |access-date = March 8, 2013 |publisher = University of Michigan Division of Student Affairs }}</ref> These structures are predominantly the works of [[Albert Kahn (architect)|Albert Kahn]], the university's supervising architect during that period.<ref>{{Cite web |date = July 5, 2007 |title = A Chronology of University of Michigan Buildings, 1840–1999 |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/campus_tour/chronology.php |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100819203735/http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/campus_tour/chronology.php |archive-date = August 19, 2010 |access-date = August 28, 2010 |publisher = Bentley Historical Library }}</ref> In 1909, Regent [[William L. Clements]] became chairman of the Building and Grounds Committee, leading to Albert Kahn's growing influence in the university's architectural development. Clements, impressed by Kahn's work on his industrial projects and residence in [[Bay City, Michigan|Bay City]], awarded him multiple university commissions and appointed him as the university's supervising architect. The West Engineering Hall (1910), Natural Science Building (1915), and General Library (1920) were all designed by Kahn. During a period of limited construction funding, these structures exhibited a simple design with minimal ornamentation. However, Kahn's [[Hill Auditorium]] (1913), adequately funded by Regent Arthur Hill, features extensive Sullivanesque ornamentation and excellent acoustic design, which was rare for that period.<ref name = "nom" />

[[File:Front_of_Angell_Hall.jpg|thumb|[[James Burrill Angell Hall]] on Central Campus serves as a major academic building for the [[College of Literature, Science, and the Arts]]]]

Beginning in 1920, the university received greater funding for construction projects, thanks to president Burton's fiscal persuasiveness with the legislature, propelled by a prosperous economy. This allowed campus buildings to be constructed in a grand manner. Kahn's Italian Renaissance [[Clements Library]] (1923), Classical Greek [[Angell Hall]] (1924), and Art Deco [[Burton Memorial Tower]] (1936) all feature unusual and costly materials and are considered some of his most elegant university buildings. The last of Kahn's university commissions was the Ruthven Museums Building (1928), designed in the Renaissance style.<ref name = "nom" />

Other architects who contributed to the Central Campus include [[Spier & Rohns]], who designed Tappan Hall (1894) and the West Medical Building (1904); [[SmithGroup|Smith, Hinchman and Grylls]], the architects of the Chemistry Building (1910) and East Engineering Building; and [[Perkins, Fellows & Hamilton Office and Studio|Perkins, Fellows and Hamilton]], who designed University High School (1924). The [[Michigan Union]] (1919) and Michigan League (1929), completed by alumni [[Irving Kane Pond]] and [[Allen Bartlit Pond]], house the university's various student organizations. Alumni Memorial Hall, funded by contributions from alumni in memory of the university's Civil War dead, was completed by [[Donaldson and Meier]]. It was designated as the [[University of Michigan Museum of Art|University Museum of Art]] in 1946.<ref name = "nom" />

The area just south of The Diag is predominantly Gothic in character, contrasting with the classical designs prevalent in many of Kahn's university buildings. The [[Martha Cook Building]] (1915), completed by [[York and Sawyer]], [[Samuel Parsons]], and [[George A. Fuller]] in 1915, draws inspiration from England's [[Knole House]] and [[Aston Hall]]. It was one of the university’s early women’s residences. York and Sawyer also designed the Law Quadrangle, which features a flagstone courtyard by landscape architect Jacob Van Heiningan. The Lawyers' Club, part of the quadrangle, includes a clubhouse, dining hall, and dormitory, modeled after English clubs with an [[Elizabethan architecture|Elizabethan-style]] lounge and a dining hall inspired by the chapels of [[Eaton Hall, Cheshire|Eaton]]. The Law Library's main reading room showcases craftsmanship from the [[Riverside Church|Rockefeller Church of New York]]. Following its completion, nearby buildings like the School of Education Building, by [[Malcomson and Higginbotham]], and Emil Lorch's Architecture and Design Building adopted Gothic elements reflecting the style of the Law Quadrangle and Martha Cook Residence.<ref name = "nom" />

The Central Campus is the location of the [[University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts|College of Literature, Science and the Arts]]. Most of the graduate and professional schools, including the [[University of Michigan Law School|Law School]], [[Ross School of Business]], [[Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy]], and the [[University of Michigan School of Dentistry|School of Dentistry]], are on Central Campus. Two main libraries, [[Hatcher Graduate Library]] and [[Shapiro Undergraduate Library]], as well as the university's many [[Museums at the University of Michigan|museums]], are also on Central Campus.<ref>{{Cite web |title = The University of Michigan Campus |url = http://www.si.umich.edu/aboutsi/campus |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130515005725/http://www.si.umich.edu/aboutsi/campus |archive-date = May 15, 2013 |access-date = April 8, 2013 |publisher = University of Michigan School of Information }}</ref>

===North Campus===
[[File:University of Michigan August 2013 056 (Earl V. Moore Building).jpg|thumb|left|Earl V. Moore Building on North Campus]]

The North Campus area built independently from the city on a large plot of farmland—approximately {{convert|800|acre|km2}}—that the university bought in 1952.<ref>{{Cite news |last = Migliore |first = Greg |date = January 31, 2008 |title = Contest seeks U-M North Campus hub designs |url = http://blog.mlive.com/ann_arbor_business_review/2008/01/contest_seeks_um_north_campus.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120621034553/http://blog.mlive.com/ann_arbor_business_review/2008/01/contest_seeks_um_north_campus.html |archive-date = June 21, 2012 |access-date = August 28, 2010 |work = Ann Arbor Business Review }}</ref> Architect [[Eero Saarinen]] devised the early master plan for the North Campus area and designed several of its buildings in the 1950s, including the [[University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance#Facilities|Earl V. Moore School of Music Building]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last = Carter |first = Brian |year = 2000 |title = Eero Saarinen-Operational Thoroughness A Way of Working |journal = Dimensions Volume Fourteen |pages = 32–39 }}</ref> The North Campus Diag features a bell tower called [[Lurie Tower]], which contains a grand carillon.<ref>{{Cite book |last = Duderstadt |first = Anne |url = http://umhistory.dc.umich.edu/history/publications/Downloads/AMD%20Engineering%20Book.pdf |title = The University of Michigan College of Engineering |publisher = Millennium Project, University of Michigan |year = 2003 |page = 83 |access-date = March 8, 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130515012604/http://umhistory.dc.umich.edu/history/publications/Downloads/AMD%20Engineering%20Book.pdf |archive-date = May 15, 2013 |url-status = live }}</ref> The university's largest residence hall, [[Bursley Hall]], is in the North Campus area.<ref name="Campus Housing" />

The North Campus houses the College of Engineering, the [[University of Michigan School of Music|School of Music, Theatre & Dance]], the [[Penny W. Stamps School of Art & Design|Stamps School of Art & Design]], the [[Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning]], and an annex of the [[University of Michigan School of Information|School of Information]].<ref>{{Cite map |date = August 16, 2012 |title = North Campus Map |url = http://campusinfo.umich.edu/maps/north-campus |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130413075505/http://campusinfo.umich.edu/maps/north-campus |archive-date = April 13, 2013 |access-date = April 8, 2013 |publisher = University of Michigan Division of Student Affairs }}</ref> The campus area is served by Duderstadt Center, which houses the Art, Architecture and Engineering Library. Duderstadt Center also contains multiple computer labs, video editing studios, electronic music studios, an audio studio, a video studio, multimedia workspaces, and a 3D virtual reality room.<ref>{{Cite web |date = February 1, 2006 |title = Welcome to the James and Anne Duderstadt Center |url = http://www.dc.umich.edu/Welcome.htm |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130330084003/http://www.dc.umich.edu/Welcome.htm |archive-date = March 30, 2013 |access-date = March 8, 2013 |publisher = The Regents of the University of Michigan }}</ref> Other libraries located on North Campus include the [[Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library]] and the [[Bentley Historical Library]].

===Ross Athletic Campus===

[[File:University of Michigan August 2013 258 (Golf Course).jpg|thumb|The University of Michigan Golf Course was designed by Scottish golf course architect [[Alister MacKenzie]] and opened in 1931]]

Ross Athletic Campus is the site for the university's athletic programs, including major sports facilities such as [[Michigan Stadium]], [[Crisler Center]], and [[Yost Ice Arena]]. The campus area is also the site of the Buhr library storage facility, Revelli Hall, home of the [[Michigan Marching Band]], the Institute for Continuing Legal Education,<ref name="South Campus">{{Cite map |title = South Campus Map |url = http://campusinfo.umich.edu/maps/south-campus |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130413083624/http://campusinfo.umich.edu/maps/south-campus |archive-date = April 13, 2013 |access-date = April 8, 2013 |publisher = University of Michigan Division of Student Affairs }}</ref> and the Student Theatre Arts Complex, which provides shop and rehearsal space for student theatre groups.<ref>{{Cite web |date = August 16, 2012 |title = Student Theatre Arts Complex |url = http://campusinvolvement.umich.edu/article/94 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130515005648/http://campusinvolvement.umich.edu/article/94 |archive-date = May 15, 2013 |access-date = April 8, 2013 |publisher = University of Michigan Division of Student Affairs }}</ref> The university's departments of public safety and transportation services offices are located on Ross Athletic Campus.<ref name="South Campus" />

The University of Michigan Golf Course is located south of Michigan Stadium. It was designed in the late 1920s by [[Alister MacKenzie]], the designer of [[Augusta National Golf Club]] in [[Augusta, Georgia]], home of the [[Masters Tournament]].<ref>{{Cite web |title = University of Michigan Golf Course |url = http://www.mgoblue.com/facilities/golf-course.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100901045032/http://www.mgoblue.com/facilities/golf-course.html |archive-date = September 1, 2010 |access-date = August 28, 2010 |website = MGoBlue |publisher = University of Michigan Athletic Department }}</ref> The course opened to the public in 1931 and has one of "the best holes ever designed by Augusta National architect Alister MacKenzie" according to the magazine ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' in 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |date = April 5, 2006 |title = U-M Golf Course Hole Listed Among MacKenzie's Best |url = http://www.mgoblue.com/sports/m-golf/spec-rel/040506aaa.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100902035604/http://www.mgoblue.com/sports/m-golf/spec-rel/040506aaa.html |archive-date = September 2, 2010 |access-date = August 28, 2010 |work = MGoBlue |publisher = University of Michigan Athletic Department }}</ref>

== Organization and administration ==

=== Governance ===
{{See also|Board of Regents of the University of Michigan|President of the University of Michigan}}
[[File:Michigan University Regents 75th Anniversary Celebration June 27 1912.jpg|thumb|Photograph of Michigan University Regents 75th Anniversary Celebration on June 27, 1912.
<br>''Standing'' L-R: Frank B. Leland, John H. Grant, Shirley W. Smith, Harry O. Bulkey, [[William L. Clements]], [[Lucius Lee Hubbard]], Benjamin Hanchett, Junius E. Beal
<br>''Seated'' L-R: Luther L. Wright, [[James B. Angell]], [[Harry B. Hutchins]], Walter M. Sawyer]]

The University of Michigan is governed by the [[Board of Regents of the University of Michigan|Board of Regents]], established by the Organic Act of March 18, 1837. It consists of eight members, elected at large in biennial state elections<ref>{{harvnb|Hebel|2004}}</ref> for overlapping eight-year terms.<ref>{{Cite web |title = About the Board of Regents |url = http://regents.umich.edu/about/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081221204929/http://www.regents.umich.edu/about/ |archive-date = December 21, 2008 |access-date = December 25, 2008 |publisher = University of Michigan Board of Regents }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date = October 3, 2007 |title = Regents of the University of Michigan: Historical Background |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/regents/history.php |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080908002643/http://www.bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/regents/history.php |archive-date = September 8, 2008 |access-date = December 26, 2008 |publisher = Bentley Historical Library }}</ref> Before the Office of President was established in 1850, the University of Michigan was directly managed by the appointed regents, with a rotating group of professors responsible for carrying out day-to-day administrative duties.<ref name="hinsdale">{{harvnb|Hinsdale|1906|p=37}}</ref> The [[Constitution of Michigan#1850 Constitution|Constitution of the State of Michigan of 1850]] restructured the university's administration. It established the Office of the President and transitioned the Board of Regents to an elected body. The state constitution granted the Board of Regents the power to appoint a non-voting presiding president to lead their meetings,<ref>State of Michigan, 1850, Article 13, section 8</ref> effectively elevating the board to the level of a constitutional corporation independent of the state administration and making the University of Michigan the first public institution of higher education in the country so organized. As of 2021–22, the Board of Regents is chaired by Jordan B. Acker (B.A. '06).

The Board of Regents delegates its power to the [[President of the University of Michigan|university president]] who serves as the chief executive officer responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of the university, that is, the main campus in Ann Arbor. The president retains authority over the branch campuses in [[University of Michigan–Dearborn|Dearborn]] and [[University of Michigan–Flint|Flint]] but is not directly involved in their day-to-day management. Instead, two separate chancellors are appointed by the president to serve as chief executive officers overseeing each branch campus. All presidents are appointed by the Board of Regents to serve five-year terms, at the board's discretion, and there are no term limits for university presidents. The board has the authority to either terminate the president's tenure or extend it for an additional term.

The University of Michigan's current interim president is [[Domenico Grasso]], former chancellor of the [[University of Michigan-Dearborn]] selected in May 8, 2025. Grasso was appointed by the [[Regents of the University of Michigan|Board of Regents]] in May 2025, following President [[Santa J. Ono]]'s resignation and departure for the [[University of Florida]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domenico Grasso becomes interim president of University of Michigan |url=https://record.umich.edu/articles/domenico-grasso-becomes-interim-president-of-university-of-michigan/ |website=The University Record |date=March 1, 2024 |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref> The university's 15th president was [[Santa Ono]], formerly the president of the [[University of British Columbia]] in Canada. After an extensive presidential search conducted by the executive search firm Isaacson, Miller, the board announced its selection of Santa Ono as the university's 15th president on July 13, 2022.<ref name="imsearch">{{Cite web |title=University of Michigan – Ann Arbor, President |url=https://www.imsearch.com/insights/results/university-michigan-ann-arbor-president |access-date=June 11, 2024 |website=imsearch.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Regents appoint Santa Ono as University of Michigan's next president |url=https://record.umich.edu/articles/regents-appoint-santa-ono-as-university-of-michigans-new-president/ |date=July 13, 2022 |access-date = June 11, 2024 |website = record.umich.edu }}</ref> Ono assumed office on October 14, 2022, succeeding the outgoing president [[Mark Schlissel]].<ref>{{Cite news |title = University of Michigan President Mark Schlissel fired by board after investigation |url = https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2022/01/16/university-michigan-president-mark-schlissel-fired/6549755001/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220116214410/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2022/01/16/university-michigan-president-mark-schlissel-fired/6549755001/ |archive-date = January 16, 2022 |access-date = January 16, 2022 |newspaper = [[USA Today]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=U of Michigan won't give new president Santa Ono a faculty job if fired, breaking precedent |url=https://www.highereddive.com/news/u-of-michigan-wont-give-new-president-santa-ono-a-faculty-job-if-fired-br/627308/ |website=highereddive.com |publisher=Industry Dive |date=July 15, 2022 |access-date=June 16, 2024}}</ref> Ono is the first [[Asian American]] president of the university, as well as the second to have been born in Canada, since the 10th president, [[Harold Tafler Shapiro]]. [[Laurie McCauley]] has been serving as the 17th and current provost of the university since May 2022, and she was recommended by the president to serve a full term through June 30, 2027.<ref>{{cite web |title=Recommended Appointment of Provost McCauley to a Full Term |url=https://president.umich.edu/news-communications/messages-to-the-community/recommended-appointment-of-provost-mccauley-to-a-full-term/ |website=president.umich.edu |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT |date=February 7, 2023 |access-date=June 16, 2024 }}</ref>

[[File:Senior parade, commencement day, University of Michigan.jpg|thumb|Photograph of the senior parade on commencement day, circa 1903]]

The [[President's House, University of Michigan|President's House]], located at 815 South University Avenue on the Ann Arbor campus, is the [[official residence]] and office of the University President. Constructed in 1840, the three-story Italianate President's House is the oldest surviving building on the Ann Arbor campus and a [[University of Michigan Central Campus Historic District]] contributing property.<ref>{{Cite web |date = October 3, 2007 |title = President's House |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/campus_tour/preshouse.php |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080820232655/http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/campus_tour/preshouse.php |archive-date = August 20, 2008 |access-date = December 26, 2008 |publisher = Bentley Historical Library }}</ref>

====Student government====

The Central Student Government, housed in the [[Michigan Union]], is the university's [[Student governments in the United States#University of Michigan|student government]]. As a 501(c)(3) independent organization, it represents students from all colleges and schools, manages student funds on campus, and has representatives from each academic unit. The Central Student Government is separate from the University of Michigan administration.<ref>{{Cite web |title = IRS Form 990, FY 2012 |url = https://csg.umich.edu/files/files/FY%202012.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141018114552/https://csg.umich.edu/files/files/FY%202012.pdf |archive-date = October 18, 2014 }}</ref>

Over the years, the Central Student Government has led voter registration drives,<ref>{{Cite web |year = 2006 |title = About Voice Your Vote |url = http://www.msa.umich.edu/mgovote2006/about.html |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071003010504/http://www.msa.umich.edu/mgovote2006/about.html |archive-date = October 3, 2007 |access-date = March 21, 2007 |publisher = University of Michigan CSG }}</ref> revived Homecoming events,<ref>{{Cite news |last = Shubert |first = Cathe |date = September 19, 2007 |title = Homecoming parade, carnival to return |url = http://media.www.michigandaily.com/media/storage/paper851/news/2007/09/19/StudentGovernment/Homecoming.Parade.Carnival.To.Return-2977420.shtml |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080426130223/http://media.www.michigandaily.com/media/storage/paper851/news/2007/09/19/StudentGovernment/Homecoming.Parade.Carnival.To.Return-2977420.shtml |archive-date = April 26, 2008 |access-date = April 6, 2008 |work = The Michigan Daily }}</ref> changed a football seating policy,<ref>{{Cite news |last = Woodhouse |first = Kellie |date = March 12, 2014 |title = How a Persistent Student Government Got Michigan to Scrap General Admission Football Seating |url = http://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/index.ssf/2014/03/how_a_persistent_student_presi.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141017150125/http://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/index.ssf/2014/03/how_a_persistent_student_presi.html |archive-date = October 17, 2014 |access-date = October 13, 2014 |publisher = MLive }}</ref> and created a Student Advisory Council for Ann Arbor city affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Ann Arbor City Council Unanimously Approves Student Advisory Council |url = https://csg.umich.edu/2017/01/19/ann-arbor-city-council-unanimously-approves-student-advisory-council/ |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170403194746/https://csg.umich.edu/2017/01/19/ann-arbor-city-council-unanimously-approves-student-advisory-council/ |archive-date = April 3, 2017 |access-date = April 2, 2017 }}</ref> A longstanding goal of the Central Student Government has been to create a student-designated seat on the Board of Regents.<ref name="Student Regent">{{Cite news |date = June 29, 1998 |title = Denied again: University should have a student regent |url = http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1998/jun/06-29-98/edit/edit1.html |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081013100636/http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1998/jun/06-29-98/edit/edit1.html |archive-date = October 13, 2008 |access-date = September 15, 2008 |work = The Michigan Daily }}</ref> In 2000 and 2002, students Nick Waun, Scott Trudeau, Matt Petering, and Susan Fawcett ran for the Board of Regents on the statewide ballot as third-party nominees, though none were successful.<ref>{{Cite news |date = October 21, 2002 |title = Regent candidates discuss tuition, health care issues at forum |url = http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/0203/Oct21_02/14.shtml |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070821051104/http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/0203/Oct21_02/14.shtml |archive-date = August 21, 2007 |access-date = April 28, 2007 |work = The University Record Online }}</ref> A 1998 poll by the State of Michigan concluded that a majority of voters would approve adding a student regent position if put to a vote.<ref name="Student Regent" /> However, amending the composition of the Board of Regents would require a constitutional amendment in Michigan.<ref>{{Cite news |last = Holmes |first = Erin |date = September 8, 1998 |title = Board of regents says no to MSA student regent campaign fee |url = http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1998/sep/09-08-98/news/news20.html |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013222504/http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1998/sep/09-08-98/news/news20.html |archive-date = October 13, 2007 |access-date = April 28, 2007 |work = The Michigan Daily }}</ref>

In addition to the Central Student Government, each college and school at the University of Michigan has its own independent student governance body. Undergraduate students in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts are represented by the LS&A Student Government.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Who We Are |url = https://csg.umich.edu/about/who-we-are |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130515010245/https://csg.umich.edu/about/who-we-are |archive-date = May 15, 2013 |access-date = February 11, 2013 }}</ref> Engineering Student Government manages undergraduate student government affairs for the College of Engineering. Graduate students enrolled in the Rackham Graduate School are represented by the Rackham Student Government, and law students are represented by the Law School Student Senate as is each other college with its own respective government. In addition, the students who live in the residence halls are represented by the University of Michigan [[Residence hall association|Residence Halls Association]], which contains the third most constituents after Central Student Government and LS&A Student Government.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Residence Hall Government |url = http://www.housing.umich.edu/reshalls/rha |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130204230644/http://www.housing.umich.edu/reshalls/rha |archive-date = February 4, 2013 |access-date = February 11, 2013 |publisher = University of Michigan }}</ref>

===Finances===

{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 230
| header = 
| image1 = Umichlawquadrangle.jpg
| alt1 = 
| caption1 = 
| image2 = MichiganLawQuad.jpg
| alt2 = 
| caption2 = 
| footer = The William W. Cook Legal Research Library and other buildings comprising the Law Quadrangle were built during 1923–33 and then donated to the university by [[William W. Cook|William Wilson Cook]]. It was the university's most significant private gift at the time.
}}

In the fiscal year 2022–23, the [[State of Michigan]] spent $333 million on the university, which represents 3.03% of its total operating revenues of $11 billion.<ref name="FY2022-23 budget">{{Cite web |title = Fiscal Year 2022–2023 U-M Budget |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/budget/ubudgetbooksummary_fy23.pdf |access-date = February 2, 2024 |website = obp.umich.edu |publisher = Office of Budget and Planning }}</ref> The university is the second-largest recipient of state appropriations for higher education in Michigan for 2022-23, trailing [[Michigan State University]] ($372 million).<ref>{{cite web |title=FISCAL YEAR 2022-23 HIGHER EDUCATION APPROPRIATIONS |url=https://www.senate.michigan.gov/sfa/Publications/HiEdApprops/HiEdApprops_MostRecent.pdf |access-date = July 1, 2024 |website = senate.michigan.gov }}</ref> The Office of Budget and Planning reports that [[Michigan Medicine]]'s auxiliary activities are the largest funding source, contributing $6.05 billion to the Auxiliary Funds, which accounts for 55.1% of the total operating budget. [[college tuition in the United States|Student tuition and fees]] contributed $1.95 billion to the General Fund, accounting for 11% of the total budget.<ref name="FY2022-23 budget" /> Research grants and contracts from the [[U.S. federal government]] contributed $1.15 billion to the Expendable Restricted Funds, accounting for 10.4% of the total budget.<ref name="FY2022-23 budget" />

The university's current (FY 2022–23) operating budget has four major sources of funding:<ref name="FY2022-23 budget" />

* General Fund money, which accounts for 25.4% of the operating budget, is derived from various sources: [[Tuition payments|student tuition and fees]] ($1.95 billion or 75.2%), state support ($333 million or 12.8%), [[Industry funding of academic research|sponsored research]] ($301 million or 11.6%), and other revenue ($8 million or 0.3%). It covers the costs of teaching, student services, facilities, and administrative support. The state's annual contribution to the school's operating budget was 3.03% in 2023 and does not cover intercollegiate athletics, housing, or Michigan Medicine.<ref name="FY2022-23 budget" />
* Auxiliary Funds, which account for 58.2% of the operating budget, are sourced from self-supporting units and do not receive taxpayer or tuition support. These include [[Michigan Medicine]] ($6.16 billion), [[Michigan Wolverines|intercollegiate athletics]] ($186 million), [[University of Michigan student housing|student housing]] ($160 million), and student publications.<ref name="FY2022-23 budget" />
* Expendable Restricted Funds, which account for 14.2% of the operating budget, are from providers who designate how their money is spent. Funding comes from research grants and contracts, [[financial endowment|endowment]] payout ($305 million), and private gifts ($157 million). It pays for [[scholarships]] and [[fellow]]ships; salaries, benefits and research support for some faculty; and research, programs and academic centers.<ref name="FY2022-23 budget" />
* Designated Funds, which account for 2.2% of the operating budget, come from fees charged for and spent on experiential learning, programs, conferences, performance venues, and executive and continuing education.<ref name="FY2022-23 budget" />

==== Endowment ====

The university's [[financial endowment]], known as the "University Endowment Fund", comprises over 12,400 individual funds.<ref name=budget-tutorial>{{cite web |title = GENERAL FUND BUDGET SNAPSHOT |website = publicaffairs.vpcomm.umich.edu |url = https://publicaffairs.vpcomm.umich.edu/key-issues/tuition/general-fund-budget-tutorial/ |access-date = February 2, 2024 }}</ref> Each fund must be spent according to the donor's specifications.<ref name=budget-tutorial/> Approximately 28% of the total endowment is allocated to support academic programs, while 22% is designated for student scholarships and fellowships.<ref name=budget-tutorial/> Approximately 19% of the endowment was allocated to Michigan Medicine and can only be used to support research, patient care, or other purposes specified by donors.<ref name=budget-tutorial/>

{{as of|2023}}, the university's endowment, valued at $17.9 billion, ranks as the tenth largest among all universities in the country.<ref name=2022-NTSE-Endowment>{{Cite web |title = U.S. and Canadian 2022 NTSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2022 Endowment Market Value, Change in Market Value from FY21 to FY22, and FY22 Endowment Market Values Per Full-time Equivalent Student |publisher = National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO) |url = https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/research/2022-NTSE-Endowment-Market-Values-FINAL.ashx |date = April 21, 2023 |access-date = February 2, 2024 |format = XLS }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last = Don Jordan |date = October 19, 2023 |title = Endowment generated 5.2% return in FY '23 |url = https://record.umich.edu/articles/endowment-generated-5-2-return-in-fy-23/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231129085243/https://record.umich.edu/articles/endowment-generated-5-2-return-in-fy-23/ |archive-date = November 29, 2023 |access-date = December 4, 2023 |website = The University Record }}</ref> The university ranks 86th in endowment per student.<ref name=2022-NTSE-Endowment/> The [[Michigan Law|law school]]'s endowment, totaling over $500 million, has a significantly higher per-student value compared to that of its parent university.<ref name="law_endowment">{{cite web |url = https://leiterlawschool.typepad.com/leiter/2022/05/per-student-value-of-law-school-endowments-2021.html |title = Per student value of law school endowments21.html |last = Leiter |first = Brain |date = May 3, 2022 |access-date = February 17, 2024 }}</ref> It ranks as the eighth wealthiest law school in the nation in 2022.<ref name="law_endowment"/>

=== Schools and colleges ===

[[File:Dana front.jpg|thumb|Samuel Trask Dana Building (West Medical Building) houses the School for Environment and Sustainability]]

There are thirteen undergraduate schools and colleges.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Undergraduate Studies |url = http://www.umich.edu/undergrad.php |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081217040925/http://www.umich.edu/undergrad.php |archive-date = December 17, 2008 |access-date = December 26, 2008 |publisher = University of Michigan }}</ref> By enrollment, the three largest undergraduate units are the [[College of Literature, Science, and the Arts]], the [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]], and the [[Ross School of Business]].<ref name="size">{{Cite web |date = October 2014 |title = Enrollment by Degree Type & School/College |url = http://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/factsfigures/enrollment_umaa_fall14.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150317210814/http://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/factsfigures/enrollment_umaa_fall14.pdf |archive-date = March 17, 2015 |access-date = March 8, 2015 |publisher = UM News Service }}</ref> At the graduate level, the [[Rackham School of Graduate Studies]] serves as the central administrative unit of graduate education at the university.<ref>{{Cite web |title = What is Rackham? |url = http://www.rackham.umich.edu/about_us/what_is_rackham/ |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081207153452/http://www.rackham.umich.edu/about_us/what_is_rackham/ |archive-date = December 7, 2008 |access-date = December 25, 2008 |publisher = University of Michigan Rackham Graduate School }}</ref> There are 18 graduate schools and colleges. [[First professional degree|Professional degrees]] are conferred by the [[Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning]], the [[University of Michigan School of Nursing|School of Nursing]], the [[University of Michigan School of Dentistry|School of Dentistry]], the [[University of Michigan Law School|Law School]], the [[Michigan Medicine|Medical School]], and the [[University of Michigan College of Pharmacy|College of Pharmacy]].<ref name=size/> [[Michigan Medicine]], the university's health system, comprises the university's three hospitals, dozens of outpatient clinics, and many centers for medical care, research, and education.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%;"
|+ 
! College/school
! Year<br>founded<ref>{{Cite web |date = November 4, 2008 |title = University of Michigan Timelines: Departmental History |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/umtimeline/departmental.php |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080724171549/http://alumni.umich.edu/info/um/famous_alumni_abc.php |archive-date = July 24, 2008 |access-date = December 26, 2008 |publisher = Bentley Historical Library }}</ref>
! Enrollment<br>(FA 2023)
! General Fund Budget<br>($, 2022–23)<ref name="FY2022-23 budget"/>
! Budget<br>per student<br>($, 2022–23)<ref name="FY2022-23 budget"/>
|-
| [[Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning|A. Alfred Taubman College of<br>Architecture & Urban Planning]]
| 1906 || 737 || 25,707,200 || 34,881
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Dentistry|School of Dentistry]]
| 1875 || 670 || 41,055,284 || 61,277
|-
| [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]]
| 1854 || 11,113 || 276,845,246 || 24,912
|-
| [[University of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability|School for Environment and Sustainability]]
| 1927 || 516 || 28,034,976 || 54,331
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Information|School of Information]]
| 1969 || 1,760 || 50,147,537 || 28,493
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Kinesiology|School of Kinesiology]]
| 1984 || 1,312 || 22,088,845 || 16,836
|-
| [[University of Michigan Law School|Law School]]
| 1859 || 1,017 || 57,495,856 || 56,535
|-
| [[College of Literature, Science, and the Arts]]
| 1841 || 21,973 || 522,704,411 || 23,788
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Education|Marsal Family School of Education]]
| 1921 || 371 || 19,058,427 || 51,370
|-
| [[Michigan Medicine|Medical School]]
| 1921 || 1,677 || 124,714,812 || 74,368
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance|School of Music, Theatre & Dance]]
| 1880 || 1,134 || 43,101,134 || 38,008
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Nursing|School of Nursing]]
| 1893 || 1,183 || 31,644,687 || 26,750
|-
| [[University of Michigan College of Pharmacy|College of Pharmacy]]
| 1876 || 561 || 22,056,888 || 39,317
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Public Health|School of Public Health]]
| 1941 || 1,162 || 49,478,265 || 42,580
|-
| [[Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy]]
| 1914 || 362 || 17,191,821 || 47,491
|-
| [[Ross School of Business|Stephen M. Ross School of Business]]
| 1924 || 4,433 || 137,479,144 || 31,013
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Social Work|School of Social Work]]
| 1951 || 940 || 31,557,111 || 33,571
|-
| [[Stamps School of Art & Design|Penny W. Stamps School of Art & Design]]
| 1974 || 740 || 18,111,495 || 24,475
|- style="background-color:#eaecf0"
| University of Michigan, Ann Arbor*
| {{dash}} || 52,065 || 2,590,485,130 || 49,755
|+
| colspan="6" | *included other standalone units
|}

==Academics==

===Admissions===

====Undergraduate====

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:85%; margin:10px"
! colspan="10" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Michigan Wolverines|color=white}}" |Undergraduate admission statistics of <br/>the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
|-
!&nbsp;
!2024<ref name="CDS2024-25">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2024–2025 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/CDS_2024-25_umaa_2-19-25.pdf |access-date = November 4, 2024 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
!2023<ref name="CDS2023-24">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2023–2024 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2023-2024_umaa.pdf |access-date = April 2, 2024 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
!2022<ref name="CDS2022-23">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2022–2023 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2022-2023_umaa.pdf |access-date = December 17, 2023 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
!2021<ref name="CDS2021-22">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2021–2022 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2021-2022_umaa.pdf |access-date = December 17, 2023 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
!2020<ref name="CDS2020-21">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2020–2021 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2020-2021_umaa.pdf |access-date = December 17, 2023 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
|-
| colspan=6 style="text-align: center" |'''First-time fall freshman'''<br/>''[[Early action]] & regular decision, combined''
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Applicants
|98,310
|87,605
|84,289
|79,743
|65,021
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Admits
|15,373
|15,714
|14,914
|16,071
|16,974
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Admit rate
|15.64%
|17.94%
|17.69%
|20.15%
|26.11%
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Enrolled
|7,278
|7,462
|7,050
|7,290
|6,879
|- style="text-align:center;"
![[Yield (college admissions)|Yield]]
|47.34%
|47.49%
|47.27%
|45.36%
|40.53%
|- style="text-align:center;"
!SAT range
|1360-1530
|1350–1530
|1350–1530
|1360–1530
|1340–1520
|- style="text-align:center;"
!ACT range
|31-34
|31–34
|31–34
|31–35
|31–34
|-
| colspan=6 style="text-align: center" |'''Fall [[Transfer_admissions_in_the_United_States|transfers]]'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Applicants
|6,832
|6,113
|5,633
|4,942
|4,513
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Admits
|2,385
|2,109
|2,062
|2,051
|2,066
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Admit rate
|34.91%
|34.50%
|36.61%
|41.50%
|45.78%
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Enrolled
|1,580
|1,414
|1,342
|1,407
|1,305
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Yield
|66.25%
|67.05%
|65.08%
|68.60%
|63.17%
|}

''U.S. News & World Report'' rates Michigan "Most Selective"<ref>{{Cite web |title = University of Michigan—Ann Arbor |url = https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-michigan-ann-arbor-9092 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211013104427/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-michigan-ann-arbor-9092 |archive-date = October 13, 2021 |access-date = October 14, 2021 |website = U.S. News & World Report }}</ref> and The Princeton Review rates its admissions selectivity of 96 out of 99.<ref>{{Cite web |title = University of Michigan—Ann Arbor |url = https://www.princetonreview.com/college/university-michigan--ann-arbor-1023092 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211029173734/https://www.princetonreview.com/college/university-michigan--ann-arbor-1023092 |archive-date = October 29, 2021 |access-date = October 14, 2021 |publisher = The Princeton Review }}</ref> Admissions are characterized as "more selective, lower transfer-in" according to the Carnegie Classification.<ref name="Carnegie" /><ref name="Students profile 2020">{{Cite web |title = Student Profile |url = https://admissions.umich.edu/apply/first-year-applicants/student-profile |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201125080309/https://admissions.umich.edu/apply/first-year-applicants/student-profile |archive-date = November 25, 2020 |access-date = November 25, 2020 |website = Office of Undergraduate Admissions |publisher = University of Michigan }}</ref> Michigan received over 83,000 applications for a place in the 2021–22 freshman class, making it one of the most applied-to universities in the United States.<ref name="Students profile 2020" /><ref>{{Cite web |title = Colleges With the Most Applications |url = https://www.theclassroom.com/colleges-with-the-most-applications-data-study.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211029174758/https://www.theclassroom.com/colleges-with-the-most-applications-data-study.html |archive-date = October 29, 2021 |access-date = October 12, 2021 |website = theclassroom.com |language = en }}</ref> Of those students accepted to Michigan's Class of 2027, 7,050 chose to attend.

Admission is based on academic prowess, extracurricular activities, and personal qualities. The university's admission process is [[need-blind]] for domestic applicants.<ref>{{Cite news |last = Williams |first = Kaitlin |date = September 29, 2011 |title = University admissions still need-blind despite funding cuts |url = https://www.michigandaily.com/uncategorized/u-doesnt-consider-household-income-admissions-process/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230504072113/https://www.michigandaily.com/uncategorized/u-doesnt-consider-household-income-admissions-process/ |archive-date = May 4, 2023 |access-date = May 4, 2023 |work = [[The Michigan Daily]] }}</ref> Admissions officials consider a student's standardized test scores, application essay and letters of recommendation to be important academic factors, with emphasis on an applicant's academic record and GPA, while ranking an applicant's high school class rank as 'not considered'.<ref name="CDS2022-23"/><ref name="CDS2021-22"/> In terms of non-academic materials as of 2022, Michigan ranks character/personal qualities and whether the applicant is a first-generation university applicant as 'important' in making first-time, first-year admission decisions, while ranking extracurricular activities, talent/ability, geographical residence, state residency, volunteer work, work experience and level of applicant's interest as 'considered'.<ref name="CDS2022-23"/> Some applicants to Music, Theatre and Dance and some applicants to the [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]] may be interviewed.<ref name="CDS2022-23"/> A portfolio is required and considered for admission for Art, Architecture and the [[Ross School of Business]].<ref name="CDS2022-23"/> Submission of standardized test scores is recommended but not compulsory.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Future of Testing Is Anything but Standardized |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/admissions/traditional-age/2024/02/26/no-emerging-consensus-standardized-test-policies |website=insidehighered.com |publisher=Inside Higher Ed |access-date=July 1, 2024 }}</ref> Of the 52% of enrolled freshmen in 2023 who submitted SAT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite scores were 1350–1530. Of the 18% of the incoming freshman class who submitted ACT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite score was between 31 and 34.

Since the fall of 2021, the university has had the largest number of students in the state, surpassing [[Michigan State University]]'s former enrollment leadership.<ref>{{cite web |last1 = Ramirez |first1 = Charles E. |last2 = Kozlowski |first2 = Kim |date = October 3, 2023 |title = UM Ann Arbor remains largest university in state as competition to get in intensifies |url = https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2023/10/02/um-ann-arbor-enrollment-52000-sets-another-record/71029768007 |access-date = February 2, 2024 |website = The Detroit News }}</ref> Given the state's shrinking pool of college-age students, there is public concern that the university's expansion could harm smaller schools by drawing away good students.<ref name="bridgemi-112">{{cite web |last1 = Lohman |first1 = Isabel |last2 = Wilkinson |first2 = Mike |date = April 4, 2022 |title = U-M, MSU thrive while Michigan regional universities scramble for students |url = https://www.bridgemi.com/talent-education/u-m-msu-thrive-while-michigan-regional-universities-scramble-students |access-date = February 2, 2024 |website = bridgemi.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last = Atwood |first = Sarah |date = January 22, 2024 |title = University enrollment is up in Michigan, but big schools far outpacing smaller colleges |url = https://www.lansingstatejournal.com/story/news/local/campus/2024/01/22/michigan-state-university-um-enrollment-gains-public-universities/72310711007/ |access-date = February 2, 2024 |website = Lansing State Journal }}</ref> Some of the state's regional public universities and smaller private colleges have already seen significant declines in enrollment, while others face difficulties in maintaining enrollment figures without lowering admission standards.<ref name="bridgemi-112"/>

The university experienced an unexpected surge in student enrollment for the 2023 academic year, having admitted more students than it could support.<ref name="03072024md">{{cite web |first1=Noor |last1=Khanafer |first2=Sneha |last2=Dhandapani |first3=Miles |last3=Anderson |first4=Marissa |last4=Corsi |title=Santa Ono talks Honors Convocation, student housing shortages in exclusive interview with The Michigan Daily |url=https://www.michigandaily.com/news/administration/santa-ono-talks-honors-convocation-student-housing-shortages-in-exclusive-interview-with-the-michigan-daily/ |website=michigandaily.com |date=March 26, 2024 |access-date=July 3, 2024 }}</ref> This [[yield (college admissions)|over-yield]] situation has placed considerable strain on student housing affordability, heightened faculty members' workloads, and stretched resources thin.<ref name="03072024md" /> The university is now embracing a steady-state admissions management strategy aimed at maintaining a stable class size.<ref name="03072024md" />

====Graduate====

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:85%; margin:10px"
! colspan="10" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Michigan Wolverines|color=white}}" |Doctoral program statistics of <br/>the Rackham Graduate School
|-
!&nbsp;
!2023<ref name="rackham">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = Rackham Doctoral Program Statistics |url = https://tableau.dsc.umich.edu/t/UM-Public/views/RackhamDoctoralProgramStatistics/ProgramStatistics |access-date = July 27, 2024 |publisher = The Rackham Graduate School at the University of Michigan }}</ref>
!2022<ref name="rackham" />
!2021<ref name="rackham" />
!2020<ref name="rackham" />
!2019<ref name="rackham" />
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Applicants
|19,098
|17,547
|18,820
|17,061
|16,079
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Offers
|2,816
|2,480
|2,349
|2,326
|2,479
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Selectivity
|14.75%
|14.13%
|12.48%
|13.63%
|15.42%
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Matriculations
|1,233
|981
|1,013
|945
|1,078
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Yield
|43.79%
|39.56%
|43.12%
|40.63%
|43.49%
|}

The [[Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies]], the graduate school of the University of Michigan, received a total of 19,098 applications for admission into its doctoral programs for the 2023 admission year, encompassing the Summer and Fall terms.<ref name="rackham" />  The school extended offers of admission to 2,816 applicants, representing 14.75% of the applicant pool.<ref name="rackham" /> Subsequently, 1,233 of the offers were accepted, resulting in a yield rate of 43.79% for the academic year.<ref name="rackham" /> Applicants may submit multiple applications to different doctoral programs and receive multiple offers, but can only matriculate into one program at a time. Doctoral programs that are not administered by Rackham are not included in the statistics.

The selectivity of admissions to doctoral programs varies considerably among different disciplines, with certain highly competitive fields exhibiting acceptance rates in the single digits. For instance, in 2023, the field of [[Doctor of Business Administration|Business Administration]] admitted only 5.2% of its 519 applicants. Similarly, the field of Sociology had a selectivity rate of 5.01%, selecting from a pool of 439 applicants. The field of Psychology was even more competitive, with a selectivity rate of 4.1% out of 805 applicants. Other traditionally highly competitive fields include Philosophy, Public Policy & Economics, Political Science, and Robotics.<ref name="rackham" />

====History of admissions policies====

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:85%; margin:10px; text-align:center;"
|+ Enrollment in University of Michigan-Ann Arbor (2013–2024)
! Academic Year
! Undergraduates
! Graduate
! Total Enrollment
|-
! 2013–2014<ref name="CDS2013-14">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2013–2014 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2013-2014_umaa.pdf |access-date = February 1, 2024 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
| 28,283 || 15,427 || 43,710
|-
! 2014–2015<ref name="CDS2014-15">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2014–2015 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2014-2015_umaa.pdf |access-date = February 1, 2024 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
| 28,395 || 15,230 || 43,625
|-
! 2015–2016<ref name="CDS2015-16">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2015–2016 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2015-2016_umaa.pdf |access-date = February 1, 2024 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
| 28,312 || 15,339 || 43,651
|-
! 2016–2017<ref name="CDS2016-17">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2016–2017 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2016-2017_umaa.pdf |access-date = February 1, 2024 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
| 28,964 || 15,754 || 44,718
|-
! 2017–2018<ref name="CDS2017-18">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2017–2018 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2017-2018_umaa.pdf |access-date = February 1, 2024 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
| 29,821 || 16,181 || 46,002
|-
! 2018–2019<ref name="CDS2018-19">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2018–2019 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2018-2019_umaa.pdf |access-date = December 17, 2023 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
| 30,318 || 16,398 || 46,716
|-
! 2019–2020<ref name="CDS2019-20">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2019–2020 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2019-2020_umaa.pdf |access-date = December 17, 2023 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
| 31,266 || 16,824 || 48,090
|-
! 2020–2021<ref name="CDS2020-21" />
| 31,329 || 16,578 || 47,907
|-
! 2021–2022<ref name="CDS2021-22" />
| 32,282 || 17,996 || 50,278
|-
! 2022–2023<ref name="CDS2022-23" />
| 32,695 || 18,530 || 51,225
|-
! 2023–2024<ref name="CDS2023-24" />
| 33,730 || 18,335 || 52,065
|}

In August 1841, the university first published its admission requirements for incoming freshmen. These criteria placed a strong emphasis on proficiency in [[ancient languages]], particularly [[Latin]] and Greek.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|33}} Prospective students faced an examination process that assessed their knowledge across various subjects, including arithmetic, algebra, English grammar, geography, [[Latin literature]] (Virgil and Cicero's Select Orations), Greek literature (Jacob's or Felton's Greek Reader), [[Latin grammar]] (Andrews and Stoddard's), and Greek grammar (Sophocles's).

A decade later, the university made a significant change to its admission policy. In 1851, it introduced a more flexible approach by waiving the ancient language requirement for students not pursuing the traditional collegiate course and allowing admission without examination in classical languages for these students.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|44}} This adjustment can be viewed as a prelude to [[scientific education]], signaling a gradual shift from the classical curriculum to a more diverse and modern academic offering.

In the early days of the university, the admission requirements varied across different departments, and most admissions were based on referrals. However, in 1863, a standardized [[entrance examination]] was introduced, establishing a single set of qualifications for admission to all academic and professional departments.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|79}} The university administration at the time praised the implementation of this entrance examination, recognizing its contribution to enhancing the admission process.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|44}} This entrance examination played a crucial role in the admission process throughout the 19th century until the introduction of nationwide [[standardized tests]].

====Affirmative action====
{{main|Affirmative action at the University of Michigan}}

In 2003, two lawsuits involving U-M's [[affirmative action in the United States|affirmative action]] admissions policy reached the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] (''[[Grutter v. Bollinger]]'' and ''[[Gratz v. Bollinger]]''). U.S. President [[George W. Bush]] publicly opposed the policy before the court issued a ruling.<ref>{{Cite news |date = January 15, 2003 |title = President Bush Discusses Michigan Affirmative Action Case |url = https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/01/20030115-7.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110305233331/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/01/20030115-7.html |archive-date = March 5, 2011 |access-date = December 27, 2008 |publisher = Office of the Press Secretary, White House }}</ref> The court found that race may be considered as a factor in university admissions in all public universities and private universities that accept federal funding, but it ruled that a point system was unconstitutional. In the first case, the court upheld the Law School admissions policy, while in the second it ruled against the university's undergraduate admissions policy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Grilliot |first1=Jeffrey |title=Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger. A case study |date=May 2007|journal=Leadership Studies Ed.D. Dissertations|url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/ws/send_file/send?accession=bgsu1174575216&disposition=inline}}</ref> The debate continued because in November 2006, Michigan voters passed [[Michigan Civil Rights Initiative|Proposal 2]], banning most affirmative action in university admissions. Under that law, race, gender, and national origin can no longer be considered in admissions.<ref name="Goodman 2007">{{Cite news |last = Goodman |first = David N. |date = January 11, 2007 |title = University of Michigan Drops Affirmative Action for Now |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011002095.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121110151213/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011002095.html |archive-date = November 10, 2012 |access-date = January 12, 2007 |newspaper = The Washington Post |agency = Associated Press }}</ref> U-M and other organizations were granted a stay from implementation of the law soon after that referendum. This allowed time for proponents of affirmative action to decide legal and constitutional options in response to the initiative results. In April 2014, the Supreme Court ruled in ''[[Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action]]'' that Proposal 2 did not violate the U.S. Constitution. The admissions office states that it will attempt to achieve a diverse student body by looking at other factors, such as whether the student attended a disadvantaged school, and the level of education of the student's parents.<ref name="Goodman 2007" />

{{clear}}

===Undergraduate graduation and retention===

Among all first-time freshmen students who enrolled at the university in fall 2017, 82.0% graduated within four years (by August 31, 2021); 10.2% graduated in more than four years but in five years or less  (after August 31, 2021 and by August 31, 2022); 1.1% graduated in more than five years but in six years or less (after August 31, 2022 and by August 31, 2023).<ref name="CDS2023-24"/> The percentage of undergraduate students from the fall 2022 cohort returning in fall 2023 was 98.0% for full-time freshman students.<ref name="CDS2023-24"/>

===Majors and programs===

The university offers 133 undergraduate majors & degrees across the College of Engineering (18), College of Literature, Science, and the Arts (77), College of Pharmacy (1), Ford School of Public Policy (1), LSA Residential College (3), Marsal Family School of Education (3), Ross School of Business (1), School of Dentistry (1), School of Information (2), School of Kinesiology (3), School of Music, Theatre & Dance (16), School of Nursing (1), School of Public Health (2), Stamps School of Art & Design (2), and Taubman College of Architecture & Urban Planning (2). The most popular undergraduate majors, by 2021 graduates, were computer and information sciences (874), business administration and management (610), economics (542), behavioral neuroscience (319), mechanical engineering (316), experimental psychology (312).<ref>{{Cite web |title = University of Michigan-Ann Arbor |url = https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=University+of+Michigan&s=all&id=170976#programs |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230127152810/https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=University+of+Michigan&s=all&id=170976#programs |archive-date = January 27, 2023 |access-date = January 27, 2023 |website = nces.ed.gov |publisher = U.S. Dept of Education }}</ref>

The [[Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies]] offers more than 180 graduate degree programs in collaboration with fourteen other schools and colleges. Nineteen graduate and professional degree programs, including the [[juris doctor]], [[master of business administration]], [[doctor of dental surgery]], [[master of engineering]], [[doctor of engineering]], [[doctor of medicine]], and [[doctor of pharmacy]], are offered exclusively by the schools and colleges; Rackham does not oversee their administration. The university conferred 4,951 graduate degrees, and 709 first professional degrees in 2011–2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date = October 16, 2012 |title = Degrees Conferred by Degree Level & School/College |url = http://sitemaker.umich.edu/obpinfo/files/umaa_degreesummary_12.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130204162106/http://sitemaker.umich.edu/obpinfo/files/umaa_degreesummary_12.pdf |archive-date = February 4, 2013 |access-date = August 31, 2010 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget & Planning |pages = 1–2 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year = 2009 |title = The University of Michigan – Degrees and Areas of Study |url = http://provost.umich.edu/college_portrait/2009/page2.html |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100608011640/http://www.provost.umich.edu/college_portrait/2009/page2.html |archive-date = June 8, 2010 |access-date = August 31, 2010 |publisher = U-M Provost's Office }}</ref>

===Employability===


The university is listed among the leading suppliers of undergraduate and graduate alumni to [[Silicon Valley]] tech firms.<ref>{{cite web |title=Silicon Valley hires the most alumni of these 10 universities, and none of them are in the Ivy League |url=https://qz.com/967985/silicon-valley-companies-like-apple-aapl-hires-the-most-alumni-of-these-10-universities-and-none-of-them-are-in-the-ivy-league |website=qz.com |date=April 25, 2017 |access-date=July 2, 2024 }}</ref> In 2015, the university ranked 6th on the list of top feeder schools for [[Google]], which employed over 500 graduates at the time. The university ranked 10th on the list of top feeder schools for [[Meta Platforms|Meta]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Ronald Barba |title=Here Are the Top Feeder Schools You Should Attend If You Want a Job at Google, Apple, or Facebook |url=https://tech.co/news/top-feeder-schools-attend-want-job-google-apple-facebook-2015-01/ |website=tech.co |publisher=Marketing VF Ltd. |date=January 10, 2015 |access-date=July 2, 2024}}</ref> Google and Meta remain the university's first and second top employers in 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Feeders to Tech and Silicon Valley (Updated 2024) |url=https://www.collegetransitions.com/dataverse/top-feeders-tech |website=collegetransitions.com |date=July 13, 2021 |access-date=July 2, 2024}}</ref>

The university has ranked 3rd overall in [[investment banking]] [[Financial analyst|analyst]] placements, according to data from Terrain Analytics.{{cn|date=April 2025}} This ranking is based on 216 total hires of graduates from 2008 to 2023 who secured positions within the United States, including 74 placements at elite firms such as [[Goldman Sachs]], [[Morgan Stanley]], [[JPMorgan Chase]], [[Evercore]], and [[Centerview Partners]].{{cn|date=April 2025}} The ranking adjusts to 8th place when accounting for the size of the undergraduate population.{{cn|date=April 2025}} The university also ranked 3rd overall in recruiting for undergraduate [[management consulting]] jobs, with 102 graduates from 2014-2020 securing positions at the [[Big Three (management consultancies)|Big Three]] firms: [[McKinsey & Company|McKinsey]], [[Boston Consulting Group|BCG]], and [[Bain & Company|Bain]].{{cn|date=April 2025}}

In 2022, [[Michigan Ross]] ranked 11th among all business schools in the United States according to Poets & Quants, with its MBA graduates earning an average starting base salary of $165,000 and an average sign-on bonus of $30,000.<ref>{{cite web |title=MBA Salaries & Bonuses At The Top 30 U.S. Business Schools |url=https://poetsandquants.com/2023/01/25/mba-salaries-and-bonuses/ |website=poetsandquants.com |date=January 25, 2023 |access-date=July 2, 2024 }}</ref>

In academia, the university ranks among the five most common institutions for doctoral training, alongside [[UC Berkeley]], [[Harvard]], the [[University of Wisconsin-Madison]], and [[Stanford]]. Together, these universities have trained one in eight tenure-track faculty members currently serving at institutions of higher learning across the nation.<ref>{{cite web |last=Taylor |first=Michelle |title=Just 5 Universities Train Majority of Academics |url=https://www.laboratoryequipment.com/590235-Just-5-Universities-Train-Majority-of-Academics/ |website=laboratoryequipment.com |date=September 22, 2022 |access-date=July 31, 2024 }}</ref>

The [[U.S. Department of Education]] reports that as of June 2024, federally aided students who attended University of Michigan-Ann Arbor had a median annual income of $83,648 (based on 2020-2021 earnings adjusted to 2022 dollars) five years after graduation.<ref name="collegescorecard">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Department of Education College Scorecard - University of Michigan-Ann Arbor |url=https://collegescorecard.ed.gov/school/?170976-University-of-Michigan-Ann-Arbor |access-date=July 2, 2024 |website=collegescorecard.ed.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of Education}}</ref> This figure exceeds both the midpoint for 4-year schools of $53,617 and the [[Personal income in the United States|U.S. real median personal income]] of $40,460 for the year 2021 adjusted to 2022 dollars.<ref name="collegescorecard" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Real Median Personal Income in the United States |url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEPAINUSA672N |website=fred.stlouisfed.org |access-date=July 6, 2024}}</ref> Federally aided bachelor's graduates from the university's largest program, computer and information science, which had over 950 students in the 2020-21 cohort, had a median annual income of $153,297 five years after graduation.<ref name="collegescorecard" />

According to data from the U.S. Department of Education, [[law degree|law]] tops the list of most valuable [[professional degree|first professional degrees]] offered by the university when ranked by earnings potential in 2022, with its federally aided students earning a median salary of $197,273 five years after graduation.<ref name="collegescorecard" /> [[dental degree|Dentistry]] ($158,677), [[bachelor of pharmacy|pharmacy]] ($142,224), and [[medical degree|medicine]] ($134,187) follow behind in that order.<ref name="collegescorecard" />

The fields of [[bachelor of business administration|business administration]] ($140,827), [[Bachelor of Economics|economics]] ($108,627), [[Bachelor of Mathematics|mathematics]] ($107,395), and [[statistics]] ($105,494) are among the bachelor's degree programs with the highest earning potential offered by the university.<ref name="collegescorecard" /> In 2022, the university's federally aided students in these programs were earning median salaries exceeding the $100,000 threshold five years after graduation.<ref name="collegescorecard" /> Additionally, various engineering disciplines such as [[computer engineering]] ($123,120), [[aerospace engineering|aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering]] ($113,025), [[industrial engineering]] ($109,239), [[electrical engineering|electrical, electronics and communications engineering]] ($109,107), [[mechanical engineering]] ($101,514), [[chemical engineering]] ($100,000) are among the top-earning majors.<ref name="collegescorecard" /> [[Bachelor of Computer Science|Computer sciences]] ($153,297) and [[information science]] ($125,257) also fall into this high-earning category.<ref name="collegescorecard" />

===Libraries and publications===
{{main|University of Michigan Library|University of Michigan Press}}

The [[University of Michigan Library|University of Michigan library system]] comprises nineteen individual libraries with twenty-four separate collections—roughly 13.3 million volumes as of 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Statistical Highlights 2011–2012 |url = http://www.lib.umich.edu/statistical-highlights |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130113013200/http://www.lib.umich.edu/statistical-highlights |archive-date = January 13, 2013 |access-date = March 5, 2013 |publisher = Regents of the University of Michigan }}</ref> The university was the original home of the [[JSTOR]] database, which contains about 750,000 digitized pages from the entire pre-1990 backfile of ten journals of history and economics, and has initiated a book digitization program in collaboration with [[Google]].<ref>{{Cite web |title = Michigan Digitization Project |url = http://www.lib.umich.edu/michigan-digitization-project |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100929020751/http://www.lib.umich.edu/michigan-digitization-project |archive-date = September 29, 2010 |access-date = October 2, 2010 |publisher = University of Michigan Library }}</ref> The [[University of Michigan Press]] is also a part of the library system.

Several academic journals are published at the university:
* The Law School publishes ''[[Michigan Law Review]]'' and six other [[law journal]]s: The ''[[Michigan Journal of Environmental and Administrative Law]]'', ''[[University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform]]'', ''[[Michigan Journal of Race & Law]]'', ''[[Michigan Telecommunications and Technology Law Review]]'', ''Michigan Journal of International Law'', and ''[[Michigan Journal of Gender and Law]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Journals and Student Organizations |url = http://www.law.umich.edu/journalsandorgs/Pages/orgs.aspx |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130513090957/http://www.law.umich.edu/journalsandorgs/Pages/orgs.aspx |archive-date = May 13, 2013 |access-date = April 8, 2013 |publisher = The University of Michigan Law School }}</ref>
* The Ross School of Business publishes the ''[[Michigan Journal of Business]]''.
* Several undergraduate journals are also published at the university, including the ''Michigan Journal of Political Science'', ''Michigan Journal of History'', ''University of Michigan Undergraduate Research Journal'', the ''Michigan Journal of International Affairs'', and the ''Michigan Journal of Asian Studies''.

===Reputation and rankings===

{{Infobox US university ranking
<!-- U.S. rankings -->| Forbes = 29
| THE_WSJ = 22
| USNWR_NU = 21 (tie)
| Wamo_NU = 18
| THES_W = 22 (tie)
| QS_W = 44
| USNWR_W = 19 (tie)
| ARWU_W = 30
}}

The University of Michigan is a large, four-year, residential research university accredited by the [[Higher Learning Commission]].<ref name="Carnegie">{{Cite web |title = Carnegie Classifications – University of Michigan |url = http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=170976 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180913074027/http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=170976 |archive-date = September 13, 2018 |access-date = July 22, 2010 |publisher = Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title = U-M Accreditation 2010 |url = http://www.accreditation.umich.edu/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100723184740/http://www.accreditation.umich.edu/ |archive-date = July 23, 2010 |access-date = July 22, 2010 |publisher = University of Michigan }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title = Directory of HLC Institutions – University of Michigan |url = http://ncahlc.org/component/option,com_directory/Action,ShowBasic/Itemid,184/instid,1368/lang,en/ |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110101105139/http://ncahlc.org/component/option%2Ccom_directory/Action%2CShowBasic/Itemid%2C184/instid%2C1368/lang%2Cen/ |archive-date = January 1, 2011 |access-date = May 5, 2013 |publisher = The Higher Learning Commission, North Central Association of Colleges and Schools }}</ref> The four-year, full-time undergraduate program comprises the majority of enrollments and emphasizes instruction in the arts, sciences, and professions with a high level of coexistence between graduate and undergraduate programs. The university has "very high" research activity and the comprehensive graduate program offers doctoral degrees in the humanities, social sciences, and [[STEM fields]] as well as professional degrees in medicine, law, and dentistry.<ref name="Carnegie" /> The university has been included on [[Richard Moll (author)|Richard Moll]]'s list of [[Public Ivies]].<ref>{{Cite book |last = Moll |first = Richard |title = The Public Ivys: America's Flagship Undergraduate Colleges |publisher = Viking Adult |year = 1985 |isbn = 0-670-58205-0 |location = New York |page = 61 }}</ref>

====National rankings====

The 2021 ''U.S. News & World Report'' Best Colleges report ranked the university 3rd among public universities in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Top Public Universities |url = https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities/top-public |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171102072710/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities/top-public |archive-date = November 2, 2017 |access-date = January 18, 2021 |website = U.S. News & World Report }}</ref> Michigan was ranked 6th in the 2021 ''U.S. News & World Report'' Best Undergraduate Engineering Programs Rankings.<ref>{{Cite web |title = 2021 Best Undergraduate Engineering Programs Rankings |url = https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/engineering-doctorate |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211201005433/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/engineering-doctorate |archive-date = December 1, 2021 |website = U.S. News & World Report }}</ref> Michigan was ranked 3rd in the 2021 ''U.S. News & World Report'' Best Undergraduate Business Programs Rankings.<ref>{{Cite web |title = 2021 Best Undergraduate Business Programs Rankings |url = https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/business-overall |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170223063315/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/business-overall |archive-date = February 23, 2017 |access-date = January 18, 2021 |website = U.S. News & World Report }}</ref> The 2020 ''Princeton Review'' College Hopes & Worries Survey ranked Michigan as the No. 9 "Dream College" among students and the No. 7 "Dream College" among parents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 College Hopes & Worries Press Release {{!}} The Princeton Review |url=https://www.princetonreview.com/press/college-hopes-worries-press-release |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007224857/https://www.princetonreview.com/press/college-hopes-worries-press-release |archive-date=October 7, 2019 |access-date=January 18, 2021 |website=www.princetonreview.com}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%; width: 600px; text-align: left"
|-
! colspan="6" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Michigan Wolverines|color=white}}"| National Institution Rankings
|-
! Institution
! 
! Rank
! Year
! Change<br>(Y/Y)
! Source<ref>{{Cite magazine |title = University of Michigan – Ann Arbor – U.S. News Best Grad School Rankings |url = https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/university-of-michigan-ann-arbor-170976/overall-rankings |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200503024500/https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/university-of-michigan-ann-arbor-170976/overall-rankings |archive-date = May 3, 2020 |access-date = September 28, 2020 |magazine = U.S. News & World Report }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |title = University of Michigan—Ann Arbor Rankings |url = https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-michigan-ann-arbor-9092/overall-rankings |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210429171325/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-michigan-ann-arbor-9092/overall-rankings |archive-date = April 29, 2021 |access-date = May 1, 2021 |magazine = U.S. News & World Report }}</ref>
|-
! colspan="6"| Undergraduate
|-
| rowspan="4"| University of Michigan—Ann Arbor
! style="text-align: left" | Best National Universities
! style="text-align: left" | 21
! style="text-align: left" | 2024
! style="text-align: left" | {{nochange}}
! style="text-align: left" | [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| ''Dream'' College Among Students
| 5
| 2024
| {{increase}} 4
| [[Princeton Review|Princeton <br>Review]]
|-
| ''Dream'' College Among Parents
| 6
| 2024
| {{increase}} 2
| [[Princeton Review|Princeton <br>Review]]
|-
| Undergraduate Research/<br>Creative Projects
| =5
| {{dash}}
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| rowspan="1"| Stephen M. Ross School of Business
| Undergraduate Business
| 4
| {{dash}}
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| rowspan="1"| College of Engineering
| Undergraduate Engineering
| =5
| {{dash}}
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| rowspan="1"| School of Nursing
| Bachelor of Science in Nursing
| =7
| {{dash}}
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| rowspan="1"| College of Literature, Science, and<br>the Arts
| Undergraduate Psychology
| =3
| {{dash}}
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
! colspan="6"| Graduate
|-
| rowspan="12"| [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]]
! style="text-align: left" | Best Engineering Schools
! style="text-align: left" | =9
! style="text-align: left" | 2024
! style="text-align: left" | {{decrease}} 2
! style="text-align: left" | [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Aerospace Engineering
| 6
| 2024
| {{increase}} 1
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Biomedical Engineering
| =10
| 2024
| {{decrease}} 1
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Chemical Engineering
| =7
| 2024
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Civil Engineering
| =5
| 2024
| {{nochange}}
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Computer Engineering
| =6
| 2024
| {{increase}} 1
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Electrical Engineering
| =7
| 2024
| {{decrease}} 3
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Environmental Engineering
| =2
| 2024
| {{nochange}}
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Industrial Engineering
| 2
| 2024
| {{nochange}}
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Materials Engineering
| =8
| 2024
| {{decrease}} 1
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Mechanical Engineering
| =6
| 2024
| {{decrease}} 1
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Nuclear Engineering
| 1
| 2024
| {{nochange}}
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| [[School for Environment and Sustainability]]
! style="text-align: left" | Best Colleges for Environmental Science in America
! style="text-align: left" | 7
! style="text-align: left" | 2025
! style="text-align: left" | 
! style="text-align: left" | [[Niche (company)|Niche]]
|-
| [[Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy]]
! style="text-align: left" | Best Public Affairs Programs
! style="text-align: left" | =4
! style="text-align: left" | 2024
! style="text-align: left" | {{nochange}}
! style="text-align: left" | [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Information|School of Information]]
| Best Library and<br>Information Studies Programs
| =6
| 2021
| 
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Kinesiology|School of Kinesiology]]
! style="text-align: left" | Best Colleges for Kinesiology and Physical Therapy in America
! style="text-align: left" | 4
! style="text-align: left" | 2025
! style="text-align: left" | 
! style="text-align: left" | [[Niche (company)|Niche]]
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Education|Marsal Family School of Education]]
! style="text-align: left" | Best Education Schools
! style="text-align: left" | =3
! style="text-align: left" | 2024
! style="text-align: left" | {{decrease}} 2
! style="text-align: left" | [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| rowspan="3"| [[University of Michigan School of Public Health|School of Public Health]]
! style="text-align: left" | Best Public Health Schools
! style="text-align: left" | =5
! style="text-align: left" | 2024
! style="text-align: left" | {{nochange}}
! style="text-align: left" | [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Biostatistics
| 4
| 2022
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Health Care Management
| =3
| 2023
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| rowspan="12"| [[College of Literature, Science, and the Arts|College of Literature, Science, and<br>the Arts]]
| Biological Sciences
| =23
| 2022
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Chemistry
| =14
| 2023
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Earth Sciences
| =9
| 2023
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Economics
| =12
| 2022
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| English
| =8
| 2021
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| History
| =2
| 2021
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Mathematics
| 11
| 2023
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Physics
| =13
| 2023
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Political Science
| =4
| 2021
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Psychology
| =3
| 2022
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Sociology
| =2
| 2021
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Statistics
| =7
| 2022
|
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance|School of Music, Theatre & Dance]]
! style="text-align: left" | Best Colleges for Music in America
! style="text-align: left" | 15
! style="text-align: left" | 2025
! style="text-align: left" | 
! style="text-align: left" | [[Niche (company)|Niche]]
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Social Work|School of Social Work]]
! style="text-align: left" | Best Schools for Social Work
! style="text-align: left" | 1
! style="text-align: left" | 2024
! style="text-align: left" | {{nochange}}
! style="text-align: left" | [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| [[Stamps School of Art & Design]]
| Best Art Schools
| =8
| 2020
| 
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| rowspan="3"| [[Stephen M. Ross School of Business|Stephen M. Ross School of<br>Business]]
! style="text-align: left" | Best B-Schools
! style="text-align: left" | 8
! style="text-align: left" | 2024–25
! style="text-align: left" | {{increase}} 1
! style="text-align: left" | [[Bloomberg Businessweek|Bloomberg <br>Businessweek]]
|-
! style="text-align: left" | Best Business Schools
! style="text-align: left" | =12
! style="text-align: left" | 2024
! style="text-align: left" | {{decrease}} 4
! style="text-align: left" | [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Part-time MBA
| 6
| 2024
| {{increase}} 1
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
! colspan="6"| Professional
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Dentistry|School of Dentistry]]
! style="text-align: left" | Top Colleges for Dental Studies in America
! style="text-align: left" | 3
! style="text-align: left" | 2025
! style="text-align: left" | 
! style="text-align: left" | [[Niche (company)|Niche]]
|-
| [[University of Michigan Law School|Law School]]
! style="text-align: left" | Best Law Schools
! style="text-align: left" | =9
! style="text-align: left" | 2024
! style="text-align: left" | {{increase}} 1
! style="text-align: left" | [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[University of Michigan Medical School|Medical School]]
! style="text-align: left" | Best Medical Schools: Research
! style="text-align: left" | Unranked{{efn|name=fn1|School declined to fill out the U.S. News statistical survey.}}
! style="text-align: left" | 2024
! style="text-align: left" | 
! style="text-align: left" | [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
! style="text-align: left" | Best Medical Schools: Primary Care
! style="text-align: left" | Unranked{{efn|name=fn1|School declined to fill out the U.S. News statistical survey.}}
! style="text-align: left" | 2024
! style="text-align: left" | 
! style="text-align: left" | [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| rowspan="3"| School of Nursing
! style="text-align: left" | Best Nursing Schools: Master's
! style="text-align: left" | 7
! style="text-align: left" | 2024
! style="text-align: left" | {{increase}} 1
! style="text-align: left" | [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
! style="text-align: left" | Best Nursing Schools: Doctor of<br>Nursing Practice
! style="text-align: left" | =8
! style="text-align: left" | 2024
! style="text-align: left" | {{decrease}} 2
! style="text-align: left" | [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Midwifery
| =6
| 2024
| {{decrease}} 4
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| [[University of Michigan College of Pharmacy|College of Pharmacy]]
! style="text-align: left" | Best Pharmacy Schools
! style="text-align: left" | =2
! style="text-align: left" | 2024
! style="text-align: left" | {{increase}} 1
! style="text-align: left" | [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| [[Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning]]
! style="text-align: left" | Best Colleges for Architecture In America
! style="text-align: left" | 28
! style="text-align: left" | 2025
! style="text-align: left" | 
! style="text-align: left" | [[Niche (company)|Niche]]
|-
! colspan="6"| Other
|-
| rowspan="5"| University of Michigan—Ann Arbor
| Top Public Schools
| 3
| 2025
| {{nochange}}
| [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News]]
|-
| Public Universities
| 1
| 2022
|
| [[Times Higher Education World University Rankings|THE]]
|-
| Top 25 Public Colleges
| 4
| 2023
|
| [[Forbes]]
|-
| Top Public Universities In America
| 2
| 2025
| {{nochange}}
| [[Niche (company)|Niche]]
|}

====World rankings====

University of Michigan-Ann Arbor was ranked 26th among world universities in 2023 by the [[Academic Ranking of World Universities]], based on the number of alumni or staff as [[Nobel laureates]] and [[Fields Medalists]], the number of highly cited researchers, the number of papers published in [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] and [[Science (journal)|Science]], the number of papers indexed in the [[Science Citation Index Expanded]] and [[Social Sciences Citation Index]], and the per capita academic performance of the institution.

The 2024 edition of the [[CWUR|CWUR Rankings]] ranked the university 13th nationally and 16th globally, with an overall score of 89.1, taking into account all four areas evaluated by CWUR: education, employability, faculty, and research.<ref name="cwur2024">{{Cite web |title=GLOBAL 2000 LIST BY THE CENTER FOR WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS |url=https://cwur.org/2024.php |access-date=June 11, 2024 |website=cwur.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=World University Rankings 2022–23 {{!}} Global 2000 List {{!}} CWUR |url=https://cwur.org/2022-23.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012034200/https://cwur.org/2020-21.php |archive-date=October 12, 2021 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |website=cwur.org |language=en}}</ref> The university excels in research (ranked 9th globally), measured by the total number of research papers (10% weight), the number of research papers appearing in top-tier journals (10% weight), the number of research papers appearing in highly-influential journals (10% weight), and the number of highly-cited research papers (10% weight).<ref name="cwur2024"/> However, its ranking in the faculty category is relatively lower at 63rd globally. This metric evaluates the number of faculty members who have received prestigious academic distinctions (10% weight).<ref name="cwur2024"/> The university's employability ranking is 42nd globally, based on the professional success of the university's alumni, measured relative to the institution's size (25% weight).<ref name="cwur2024"/> In the education category, the university is ranked 35th globally. This metric assesses the academic success of the university's alumni, measured relative to the institution's size (25% weight).<ref name="cwur2024"/>

In the 2025 [[QS World University Rankings]], University of Michigan-Ann Arbor was ranked 44th in the world, its lowest position in 10 years, with an overall score of 79.<ref name="2025qs">{{cite web |title=QS Top Universities – University of Michigan-Ann Arbor |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/university-michigan-ann-arbor |access-date=June 6, 2024 |publisher=QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dodge |first=Samuel |date=2024-06-06 |title=University of Michigan falls to lowest-ever world university ranking, but still in top 50 |url=https://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/2024/06/university-of-michigan-falls-to-lowest-ever-world-university-ranking-but-still-in-top-50.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=[[MLive Media Group]] |language=en}}</ref> The university excels in academic reputation (97.9), international research network (95.8), employment outcomes (94.5), and employer reputation (92.1), indicating a strong academic standing and industry recognition. However, it lags in areas like international faculty ratio (65.5), sustainability (62.2), citations per faculty (47.6), and international students ratio (39.2). The faculty-student ratio (80.3) is decent but could be improved.<ref name="2025qs"/>

{|class="wikitable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%; width: 600px;"
|-
! colspan="7" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Michigan Wolverines|color=white}}" |
World University Rankings
|-
! Institution
! 
! Rank
! Year
! Change<br>(Y/Y)
! Change<br>(5 Yr.)
! Source<ref>{{Cite magazine |title = University of Michigan—Ann Arbor – U.S. News Best Global University Rankings |url = https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/university-of-michigan-ann-arbor-170976 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210429174953/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/university-of-michigan-ann-arbor-170976 |archive-date = April 29, 2021 |access-date = May 3, 2021 |magazine = U.S. News & World Report }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6"| University of Michigan—Ann Arbor
| '''Academic Ranking of<br>World Universities'''
| '''30'''
| 2024
| {{decrease}} 4
| {{decrease}} 10
| [[ARWU|ShanghaiRanking]]
|-
| '''Best Global Universities'''
| '''19'''
| 2022–23
|
|
| U.S. News
|-
| '''Top Global Universities'''
| '''44'''
| 2025
| {{decrease}} 11
| {{decrease}} 23
| QS
|-
| '''World University Rankings'''
| '''23'''
| 2024
| {{nochange}}
| {{decrease}} 2
| THE
|-
| World Reputation Rankings
| 18
| 2023
| {{nochange}}
| {{decrease}} 3
| THE
|-
| '''World University Rankings'''
| '''16'''
| 2024
| {{nochange}}
| {{nochange}}
| [[CWUR]]
|}
{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="font-size: 90%; width: 600px;"
|-
! colspan="6" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Michigan Wolverines|color=white}}" |
World Rankings by Subject
|-
! Institution
! 
! Rank
! Year
! Change<br>(Y/Y)
! Source
|-
| School of Dentistry
| Dentistry & Oral Sciences
| 1
| 2023
|
| [[Academic Ranking of World Universities|ShanghaiRanking]]
|-
| rowspan="32"| College of Engineering
|-
| Aerospace Engineering
| 6
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Automation & Control
| 12
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Biomedical Engineering
| 36
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Biotechnology
| 51–75
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| rowspan="2"| Chemical Engineering
| 94
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| 101–150
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| rowspan="2"| Civil Engineering
| 46
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| 51–75
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| rowspan="2"| Computer Science
| 18
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| 41
| {{dash}}
|
| THE
|-
| Computer Science & Engineering
| 51–75
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| rowspan="2"| Electrical and<br>Electronic Engineering
| 105
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| 51–75
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Energy and Fuels
| 76
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Energy Science & Engineering
| 76–100
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| rowspan="2"| Engineering
| 21
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| 19
| {{dash}}
|
| THE
|-
| Environmental Science & Engineering
| 51–75
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Instruments Science & Technology
| 201–300
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Materials Science
| 44
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Materials Science & Engineering
| 46
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| rowspan="2"| Mechanical Engineering
| 36
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| 76–100
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Metallurgical Engineering
| 34
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| rowspan="2"| Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
| 87
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| 101–150
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Optics
| 57
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Remote Sensing
| 51–75
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Space Science
| 25
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Telecommunication Engineering
| 201–300
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Transportation Science & Technology
| 14
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| School for Environment and<br>Sustainability
| Environment/Ecology
| 35
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| rowspan="2"| Gerald R. Ford School of<br>Public Policy
| Political Sciences
| 9
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Public Administration
| 101–150
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| School of Information
| Library & Information Science
| 42
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| rowspan="2" | Law School
| rowspan="2"| Law
| 9
| 2023
| 
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| 26
| {{dash}}
|
| THE
|-
| rowspan="33"| College of Literature, Science, and<br>the Arts
|-
| Agricultural Sciences
| 201–300
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| rowspan="2"| Arts & Humanities
| 10
|
|
| U.S. News
|-
| 18
| {{dash}}
|
| THE
|-
| Atmospheric Science
| 51–75
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Biological Sciences
| 44
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Biology & Biochemistry
| 17
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Biotechnology and<br>Applied Microbiology
| 56
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| rowspan="2"| Chemistry
| 46
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| 76–100
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Communication
| 6
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Condensed Matter Physics
| 85
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Earth Sciences
| 51–75
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Ecology
| 51–75
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Economics
| 23
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Geography
| 151–200
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Geosciences
| 67
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Human Biological Sciences
| 44
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Life sciences
| 29
| {{dash}}
|
| THE
|-
| rowspan="2"| Mathematics
| 21
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| 30
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Oceanography
| 101–150
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Physical Chemistry
| 84
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Physical sciences
| 23
| {{dash}}
|
| THE
|-
| rowspan="2"| Physics
| 25
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| 24
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Plant and Animal Science
| 93
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| rowspan="1"| Psychiatry/Psychology
| 13
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| rowspan="2"| Psychology
| 11
| {{dash}}
|
| THE
|-
| 11
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Social sciences
| 9
| {{dash}}
|
| THE
|-
| Sociology
| 4
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Statistics
| 16
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| rowspan="2"| Marsal Family School of Education
| rowspan="2"| Education
| 8
| {{dash}}
|
| THE
|-
| 1
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| rowspan="17"| Medical School
|-
| Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
| 18
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Cell Biology
| 26
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| rowspan="2"| Clinical Medicine
| 12
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| 36
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Clinical and Health
| 21
| {{dash}}
|
| THE
|-
| Endocrinology and Metabolism
| 23
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| 22
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Immunology
| 31
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Infectious Diseases
| 12
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Medical Technology
| 31
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Microbiology
| 43
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Molecular Biology & Genetics
| 15
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Neuroscience & Behavior
| 40
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Oncology
| 15
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and<br>Medical Imaging
| 37
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Surgery
| 11
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| School of Nursing
| Nursing
| 32
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| rowspan="2"| College of Pharmacy
| Pharmacology & Toxicology
| 27
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
| 42
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| rowspan="4"| School of Public Health
|-
| Public, Environmental and<br>Occupational Health
| 22
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| Public Health
| 12
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Social Sciences & Public Health
| 6
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| rowspan="7"| Stephen M. Ross School of<br>Business
|-
| Business Administration
| 50
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| rowspan="2"| Economics & Business
| 13
| {{dash}}
|
| U.S. News
|-
| 20
| {{dash}}
|
| THE
|-
| Global MBA
| 26
| 2023
| {{decrease}} 2
| [[Financial Times]]
|-
| Finance
| 34
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|-
| Management
| 7
| 2023
|
| ShanghaiRanking
|}

==Research==

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 400px; font-size:85%; text-align:center; float:right; clear:right; margin-left:1em;"
|+ ''R&D statistics, by year''
! 
! colspan=2 | [[National Science Foundation]]
! colspan=2 | [[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine]]
|-
| 
| Total R&D<br>expenditures<br>($000) 
| National<br> rank 
| National<br> Academy<br> members 
| National<br> rank
|-
! 2024
| {{dash}}
| {{dash}}
| 139
| {{dash}}
|-
! 2023
| 1,925,875<ref name="ncsesdata"/>
| 4
| {{dash}}
| {{dash}}
|-
! 2022
| 1,770,708<ref name="ncsesdata">{{Cite web |title = Institution rankings by total R&D expenditures |url = https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles/site?method=rankingBySource&ds=herd |access-date = June 11, 2024 |website = ncsesdata.nsf.gov |publisher = [[National Science Foundation]] }}</ref>
| 4
| {{dash}}
| {{dash}}
|-
! 2021
| 1,639,645<ref name="ncsesdata"/>
| 3
| {{dash}}
| {{dash}}
|-
! 2020
| 1,673,862<ref name="ncsesdata"/>
| 2
| {{dash}}
| {{dash}}
|-
! 2019
| 1,675,805<ref name="ncsesdata"/>
| 2
| 120<ref name="nationalacademy2019">{{Cite journal |last1 = Lombardi |first1 = John V. |author-link = John V. Lombardi |last2 = Abbey |first2 = Craig W. |last3 = Craig |first3 = Diane D. |date = 2020 |title = The Top American Research Universities |url = https://data-apps.ir.aa.ufl.edu/mup/CMUP%20Annual%20Reports/MUP-2020-Top-American-Research-Universities-Annual-Report.pdf |journal = The Lombardi Program on Measuring University Performance |location = Amherst and Gainesville |publisher = The Center for Measuring University Performance, UMass Amherst and University of Florida |access-date = December 16, 2023 }}</ref>
| 10
|-
! 2018
| 1,600,869<ref name="ncsesdata"/>
| 2
| 118<ref>{{Cite journal |last1 = Lombardi |first1 = John V. |author-link = John V. Lombardi |last2 = Abbey |first2 = Craig W. |last3 = Craig |first3 = Diane D. |date = 2019 |title = The Top American Research Universities |url = https://mup.umass.edu/sites/default/files/mup-2019-top-american-research-universities-annual-report.pdf |url-status = live |journal = The Lombardi Program on Measuring University Performance |location = Amherst and Gainesville |publisher = The Center for Measuring University Performance, UMass Amherst and University of Florida |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210903164811/https://mup.umass.edu/sites/default/files/mup-2019-top-american-research-universities-annual-report.pdf |archive-date = September 3, 2021 |access-date = October 23, 2021 }}</ref>
| 9
|-
! 2017
| 1,530,139<ref name="ncsesdata"/>
| 2
| 113<ref>{{Cite journal |last1 = Lombardi |first1 = John V. |author-link = John V. Lombardi |last2 = Abbey |first2 = Craig W. |last3 = Craig |first3 = Diane D. |date = 2018 |title = The Top American Research Universities |url = https://mup.umass.edu/sites/default/files/mup-2018-top-american-research-universities-annual-report.pdf |url-status = live |journal = The Lombardi Program on Measuring University Performance |location = Amherst and Gainesville |publisher = The Center for Measuring University Performance, UMass Amherst and University of Florida |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210805190103/https://mup.umass.edu/sites/default/files/mup-2018-top-american-research-universities-annual-report.pdf |archive-date = August 5, 2021 |access-date = October 23, 2021 }}</ref>
| 12
|-
|-
|}

The University of Michigan is one of the twelve founding members of the [[Association of American Universities]], a consortium of the leading research universities in North America. The university manages the fourth-largest research budget of any university in the United States, with total R&D expenditures of $1.925 billion in 2023.<ref name="ncsesdata2021">{{Cite web |title = Table 21. Higher education R&D expenditures, ranked by FY 2021 R&D expenditures: FYs 2010–21 |url = https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf23304/assets/data-tables/tables/nsf23304-tab021.pdf |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230608153629/https://www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf23304/assets/data-tables/tables/nsf23304-tab021.pdf |archive-date = June 8, 2023 |access-date = June 26, 2023 |website = ncsesdata.nsf.gov |publisher = [[National Science Foundation]] }}</ref><ref name="Forrest 2010">{{Cite book |last = Forrest |first = Stephen R. |url = https://research.umich.edu/content/2010/01/fy09-financial-report.pdf |title = Annual Report on Research and Scholarship FY2009 Financial Summary |date = January 21, 2010 |publisher = Office of the Vice President for Research |location = Ann Arbor |quote = University of Michigan expenditures in support of research, scholarship and creative activity reached a special milestone in Fiscal Year 2009—total expenditures for the year surpassed $1 billion, reaching $1,016,565,913.... The total is an increase of 9.4% over FY2008. Overall, the University's research portfolio remains one of the largest in the country.... |access-date = March 12, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100606135859/https://research.umich.edu/content/2010/01/fy09-financial-report.pdf |archive-date = June 6, 2010 |url-status = dead }}</ref> The federal government was the main source of funding, with grants from the [[National Science Foundation]], [[National Institutes of Health]], [[NASA]], [[Department of Defense]], [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]], [[United States Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]], and [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA), collectively accounting for over half of the research volume.<ref>{{cite web |title=FY23 Research By the Numbers |url=https://research.umich.edu/news-and-issues/research-annual-reports/fy23/research-by-the-numbers/ |website=research.umich.edu |access-date=December 11, 2024 }}</ref>

The first measurement of the [[magnetic moment]] and spin of free [[electrons]] and [[positrons]] was conducted by [[H. Richard Crane]], an experimental physicist at the university.<ref name="NSF">[https://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.cfm?recip_id=92 The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details;HORACE R. CRANE;Professor of Physics]</ref> The university operated the [[Ford Nuclear Reactor]] from 1933 to 1955, during which it conducted extensive research related to nuclear energy. It currently hosts several major research centers focusing on [[optics]], reconfigurable manufacturing systems, and [[wireless integrated microsystems]].

A pioneer in computing technology, the university designed and built the [[Michigan Terminal System]], an early time-sharing computer operating system,<ref>{{Cite web |last = Mills |first = David |author-link = David L. Mills |date = January 23, 2005 |title = Michigan Terminal System |url = https://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/gallery/gallery8.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100614033109/http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills//gallery/gallery8.html |archive-date = June 14, 2010 |access-date = August 31, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1 = Arden |first1 = B. W. |author-link = Bruce Arden |last2 = Galler |first2 = B. A. |author-link2 = Bernard A. Galler |last3 = O'Brien |first3 = T. C. |last4 = Westervelt |first4 = F. H. |author-link4 = Franklin H. Westervelt |date = January 1966 |title = Program and Addressing Structure in a Time-Sharing Environment |journal = [[Journal of the ACM]] |location = New York |publisher = [[Association for Computing Machinery]] |volume = 13 |issue = 1 |pages = 1–16 |doi = 10.1145/321312.321313 |issn = 0004-5411 |eissn = 1557-735X |s2cid = 9302487 |doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last = Topol |first = Susan |date = May 13, 1996 |title = A History of MTS — 30 Years of Computing Service |journal = University of Michigan Information Technology Digest }}</ref> and was involved in the development of the [[National Science Foundation Network|NSFnet]] national backbone, which is regarded as the foundation upon which the global Internet was built.<ref>{{cite web|title=Internet Hall of Fame|url=https://www.internethalloffame.org/inductees/douglas-van-houweling|accessdate=12 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title = Merit's History |url = http://www.merit.edu/about/history/article.php |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090207130720/http://merit.edu/about/history/article.php |archive-date = February 7, 2009 |access-date = September 15, 2008 |publisher = Merit Network }}—A university press release called a demonstration of the network (with a connection between the university and Wayne State University) on December 14, 1971, as "a milestone in higher education" and an "historic event."</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title = Merit Network: History |url = http://www.merit.edu/about/history/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070715115444/http://www.merit.edu/about/history/ |archive-date = July 15, 2007 |access-date = March 21, 2007 |publisher = Merit Network }}</ref> In 2024, the university began collaborating with [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] on high-performance computing and AI research.<ref>{{cite web |title=U-M, Los Alamos National Laboratory to jointly develop Michigan-based AI research center |url=https://news.umich.edu/u-m-los-alamos-national-laboratory-to-jointly-develop-michigan-based-ai-research-center/ |website=news.umich.edu |access-date=May 5, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Join SPARC |url=https://www.lanl.gov/engage/collaboration/about-sparc/join-sparc |access-date = May 5, 2025 |website=lanl.gov }}</ref>

The first inactivated [[flu vaccine]] was developed by [[Thomas Francis Jr.]] and [[Jonas Salk]] at Michigan.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of influenza vaccination |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/history-of-vaccination/history-of-influenza-vaccination |website=who.int |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date = May 5, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Tobin |first=James |title=The First Flu Shot |url=https://heritage.umich.edu/stories/the-first-flu-shot/ |website=heritage.umich.edu |access-date = May 5, 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Meiklejohn">Meiklejohn, Gordon N., M.D. "Commission on Influenza." in ''Histories' of the Commissions'' Ed. Theodore E. Woodward, M.D., The Armed Forces Epidemiological Board, 1994</ref> This was the first of many advancements at the university related to vaccination, including the development of a [[live attenuated influenza vaccine]] by [[Hunein Maassab]].<ref name="cite pmid|18662737">{{cite journal | vauthors = Block SL, Yogev R, Hayden FG, Ambrose CS, Zeng W, Walker RE | title = Shedding and immunogenicity of live attenuated influenza vaccine virus in subjects 5–49 years of age | journal = Vaccine | volume = 26 | issue = 38 | pages = 4940–4946 | date = September 2008 | pmid = 18662737 | doi = 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.013 }}</ref> The university also introduced [[histotripsy]], a non-invasive technique that uses focused ultrasound to treat diseased tissue, and has made significant contributions to medical technology with innovations such as the [[Electrocardiogram|EKG]] and [[gastroscope]].<ref>{{Cite web |year = 2010 |title = History |url = http://www.med.umich.edu/1busi/history.htm |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100819203131/http://www.med.umich.edu/1busi/history.htm |archive-date = August 19, 2010 |access-date = August 29, 2010 |publisher = University of Michigan Health System }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title = Inventors and Inventions |publisher = Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year = 2008 |isbn = 9780761477617 |location = New York |page = 928 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last = Lessnau |first = Laura |date = December 20, 2008 |title = U-M to buy Pfizer's former Ann Arbor property |url = https://news.umich.edu/u-m-to-buy-pfizer-s-former-ann-arbor-property/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200103005426/https://news.umich.edu/u-m-to-buy-pfizer-s-former-ann-arbor-property/ |archive-date = January 3, 2020 |access-date = March 12, 2020 |work = Michigan News |publisher = Office of the Vice President for Communications }}</ref>

In the social sciences, the [[Klein–Goldberger model]], an enhanced macroeconomic model, was developed by [[Lawrence Klein]] and [[Arthur Goldberger]] at the university.<ref>{{cite book |last=Epstein |first=Roy J. |title=A History of Econometrics |location=New York |publisher=North-Holland |year=1987 |isbn=0-444-70267-9 |pages=114–140 }}</ref> [[George Katona]] created [[University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index|consumer confidence measures]] in the late 1940s. [[J. David Singer]] initiated the [[Correlates of War]] project in 1963 to compile scientific knowledge about war.<ref>{{harvnb|CoW Project|2022|loc="History"}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singer |first=J. David |date=1972 |title=The "Correlates of War" Project: Interim Report and Rationale |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/article/abs/correlates-of-war-project-interim-report-and-rationale/E7C9D294C073BFD8799291F61EECE0E1 |journal=World Politics |language=en |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=243–270 |doi=10.2307/2009738 |jstor=2009738 |s2cid=155794978 |issn=1086-3338|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The [[American National Election Studies]], established with a National Science Foundation grant in 1977, has been based at the university and partnered with [[Stanford University]] since 2005.{{cn|date=January 2025}} The [[University of Michigan Institute for Social Research|Institute for Social Research]], established in 1949, is the nation's longest-standing laboratory for interdisciplinary research in the social sciences.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Frantilla |first = Anne |date = September 1998 |title = Social Science in the Public Interest: A Fiftieth-Year History of the Institute for Social Research |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/research/publications/ISR.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090205080145/http://bentley.umich.edu/research/publications/ISR.pdf |archive-date = February 5, 2009 |access-date = December 25, 2008 |publisher = Bentley Historical Library }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 400px; font-size:85%; text-align:center; float:right; clear:right; margin-left:1em;"
|+ 
!
! [[Clarivate]]<br> ([[Web of Science]])
! colspan=3 | [[Nature Index]]
! [[Academic Ranking of World Universities|ARWU]]
! [[Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities|NTU Rankings]]
! [[University Ranking by Academic Performance|URAP]]
|-
| 
| Highly Cited<br>Researchers
| Share**
| National<br>rank 
| Global<br>rank
| World rank
| World rank
| World rank
|-
! 2024
| 25<ref name="ClarivateHCRsPast"/>
| {{dash}}
| {{dash}}
| {{dash}}
| 30
| 13<ref name=nturankings>{{cite web |title=NTU Rankings - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor |url=https://nturanking.csti.tw/ranking/bySchoolName/University%20of%20Michigan,%20Ann%20Arbor |website=nturanking.csti.tw |publisher=NTU Ranking |access-date= December 27, 2024}}</ref>
| {{dash}}
|-
! 2023
| 28<ref name="ClarivateHCRsPast"/>
| 380.50<ref name="nature2024">{{Cite web |last = <!--Not stated--> |title = 2024 tables: Institutions – academic |url = https://www.nature.com/nature-index/annual-tables/2024/institution/academic/all/countries-United%20States%20of%20America%20(USA) |access-date = June 22, 2024 |website = natureindex.com |publisher = Nature Index }}</ref>
| 4
| 21
| 26
| 10<ref name=nturankings/>
| 16<ref name="URAP2023-24">{{Cite web |last = <!--Not stated--> |title = URAP 2023-2024 World Ranking |url = https://urapcenter.org/Rankings/2023-2024/World_Ranking_2023-2024 |access-date = December 27, 2024 |website = urapcenter.org |publisher = URAP Research Laboratory }}</ref>
|-
! 2022
| 32<ref name="ClarivateHCRsPast"/>
| 372.55<ref name="nature2023">{{Cite web |last = <!--Not stated--> |title = 2023 tables: Institutions – academic |url = https://www.nature.com/nature-index/annual-tables/2023/institution/academic/all/countries-United%20States%20of%20America%20(USA) |access-date = December 16, 2023 |website = natureindex.com |publisher = Nature Index }}</ref>
| 6
| 23
| 28
| 14<ref name=nturankings/>
| 12<ref name="URAP2022-23">{{Cite web |last = <!--Not stated--> |title = URAP 2022-2023 World Ranking |url = https://urapcenter.org/Rankings/2022-2023/World_Ranking_2022-2023 |access-date = December 27, 2024 |website = urapcenter.org |publisher = URAP Research Laboratory }}</ref>
|-
! 2021
| 27<ref name="ClarivateHCRsPast"/>
| 338.53<ref>{{Cite web |last = <!--Not stated--> |title = 2022 tables: Institutions – academic |url = https://www.nature.com/nature-index/annual-tables/2022/institution/academic/all/countries-United%20States%20of%20America%20(USA) |access-date = December 16, 2023 |website = natureindex.com |publisher = Nature Index }}</ref>
| 6
| 24
| 26
| 9<ref name=nturankings/>
| 8<ref name="URAP2021-22">{{Cite web |last = <!--Not stated--> |title = URAP 2021-2022 World Ranking |url = https://urapcenter.org/Rankings/2021-2022/World_Ranking_2021-2022 |access-date = December 27, 2024 |website = urapcenter.org |publisher = URAP Research Laboratory }}</ref>
|-
! 2020
| 29<ref name="ClarivateHCRsPast"/>
| 398.65<ref>{{Cite web |last = <!--Not stated--> |title = 2021 tables: Institutions – academic |url = https://www.natureindex.com/annual-tables/2021/institution/academic/all/global |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220101003817/https://www.natureindex.com/annual-tables/2021/institution/academic/all/global |archive-date = January 1, 2022 |access-date = December 31, 2021 |website = natureindex.com |publisher = Nature Index }}</ref>
| 4
| 16
| 22
| 9<ref name=nturankings/>
| 8<ref name="URAP2020-21">{{Cite web |last = <!--Not stated--> |title = URAP 2020-2021 World Ranking |url = https://urapcenter.org/Rankings/2020-2021/World_Ranking_2020-2021 |access-date = December 27, 2024 |website = urapcenter.org |publisher = URAP Research Laboratory }}</ref>
|-
! 2019
| 37<ref name="ClarivateHCRsPast"/>
| 343.97<ref>{{Cite web |last = <!--Not stated--> |title = 2020 tables: Institutions – academic |url = https://www.natureindex.com/annual-tables/2020/institution/academic/all/global |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220101003817/https://www.natureindex.com/annual-tables/2020/institution/academic/all/global |archive-date = January 1, 2022 |access-date = December 31, 2021 |website = natureindex.com |publisher = Nature Index }}</ref>
| 5
| 19
| 20
| 8<ref name=nturankings/>
| 8<ref name="URAP2019-20">{{Cite web |last = <!--Not stated--> |title = URAP 2019-2020 World Ranking |url = https://urapcenter.org/Rankings/2019-2020/World_Ranking_2019-2020 |access-date = December 27, 2024 |website = urapcenter.org |publisher = URAP Research Laboratory }}</ref>
|-
! 2018
| 38<ref name="ClarivateHCRsPast"/>
| 344.07<ref>{{Cite web |last = <!--Not stated--> |title = 2019 tables: Institutions – academic |url = https://www.natureindex.com/annual-tables/2019/institution/academic/all/global |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220101003816/https://www.natureindex.com/annual-tables/2019/institution/academic/all/global |archive-date = January 1, 2022 |access-date = December 31, 2021 |website = natureindex.com |publisher = Nature Index }}</ref>
| 6
| 19
| 27
| 7<ref name=nturankings/>
| 9<ref name="URAP2018-19">{{Cite web |last = <!--Not stated--> |title = URAP 2018-2019 World Ranking |url = https://urapcenter.org/Rankings/2018-2019/world-2018 |access-date = December 27, 2024 |website = urapcenter.org |publisher = URAP Research Laboratory }}</ref>
|-
! 2017
| 20<ref name="ClarivateHCRsPast"/>
| 336.04<ref>{{Cite web |last = <!--Not stated--> |title = 2018 tables: Institutions – academic |url = https://www.natureindex.com/annual-tables/2018/institution/academic/all/global |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220101003819/https://www.natureindex.com/annual-tables/2018/institution/academic/all/global |archive-date = January 1, 2022 |access-date = December 31, 2021 |website = natureindex.com |publisher = Nature Index }}</ref>
| 5
| 16
| 24
| 7<ref name=nturankings/>
| {{dash}}
|-
| colspan=8 style="text-align: left" | **Time frame: January 1 - December 31
|-
|}

The university has been featured in multiple bibliometric rankings that assess its impact on academic publications through [[citation analysis]]. The [[University Ranking by Academic Performance]] for 2023–24 has positioned the university at 16th globally.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://urapcenter.org/Rankings/2023-2024/World_Ranking_2023-2024 |title=World Ranking 2023–2024 |publisher=Informatics Institute of Middle East Technical University |year=2023 |access-date=December 11, 2024 }}</ref> Additionally, in 2024, the [[Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities]] ranked it 13th worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nturanking.csti.tw/ranking/OverallRanking/ |title=World University Rankings By 2024 |publisher=NTU Rankings |year=2024 |access-date=December 11, 2024 }}</ref> The university has a significant presence in the [[Nature Index]], ranking 6th nationally and 23rd globally among research institutions, with a share of 365.97 and a count of 1199 in 2022.<ref name="nature2023" /> The university boasted 28 researchers who were recognized by [[Clarivate]] as being highly cited in 2023.<ref name="ClarivateHCRsPast">{{cite web |title=Clarivate Highly Cited Researchers Past lists |url=https://clarivate.com/highly-cited-researchers/past-lists/ |website=clarivate.com |access-date=June 14, 2024 |publisher=Clarivate }}</ref> In 2019, the university had 120 faculty members who were national academy members, placing it 10th among its peers in this metric.<ref name="nationalacademy2019" />

The university is a member of the international research association [[Universities Research Association]] and the state-wise [[University Research Corridor]].<ref>{{Cite news |last = Serwach |first = Joe |date = September 22, 2008 |title = URC fuels new industries |url = http://www.ur.umich.edu/0809/Sep22_08/00.php |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100610175743/http://www.ur.umich.edu/0809/Sep22_08/00.php |archive-date = June 10, 2010 |access-date = December 25, 2008 |work = University of Michigan News Service }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title = What is Michigan LambdaRail (MiLR)? |url = http://milr.org/ |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20020628030018/http://milr.org/ |archive-date = June 28, 2002 |access-date = August 31, 2010 |publisher = MiLR, Michigan LambdaRail }}</ref> The university partnered with [[Shanghai Jiao Tong University]] in the [[People's Republic of China]] to establish the UM-SJTU Joint Institute, which operated from 2005 to 2025. The joint institute offered engineering degree programs accredited by the [[Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tang |first=Didi |date=2025-01-10 |title=University of Michigan to end partnership with a Chinese university over national security concerns |url=https://apnews.com/article/china-michigan-university-657f1ac4b2b0ea7af7ca4e0b902c7951 |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=[[Associated Press]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date = November 1, 2000 |title = United States of America – Focal point for biosphere reserves |url = http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/contact.asp?code=USA |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110514060053/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/contact.asp?code=USA |archive-date = May 14, 2011 |access-date = August 29, 2010 |publisher = [[UNESCO]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title = University of Michigan pledges steep carbon emission cuts at all three campuses |url = https://www.abc12.com/2021/05/20/university-of-michigan-pledges-steep-carbon-emission-cuts-at-all-three-campuses/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210521100143/https://www.abc12.com/2021/05/20/university-of-michigan-pledges-steep-carbon-emission-cuts-at-all-three-campuses/ |archive-date = May 21, 2021 |access-date = May 21, 2021 |website = www.abc12.com |language = en }}</ref> Undergraduate students participate in various research projects through the [[Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program]] (UROP) as well as the UROP/Creative-Programs.<ref>{{Cite web |title = About UROP |url = http://www.lsa.umich.edu/urop/about |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080923081017/http://www.lsa.umich.edu/urop/about/ |archive-date = September 23, 2008 |access-date = August 28, 2010 |publisher = University of Michigan Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program }}</ref>

==Student life==

===Student body===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="float:right; font-size:85%; margin:10px; width: 400px"
|+ Undergraduate student body composition<br>as of August 2024<ref name="U.S. Department of Education College Scorecard" />
|-
! style="width:35%;" | Self-identified race/ethnicity
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White]]
|align=right| {{bartable|51|%|2||background:blue}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
|align=right| {{bartable|18|%|2||background:blue}}
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]
|align=right| {{bartable|8|%|2||background:blue}}
|-
| [[African Americans|Black]]
|align=right| {{bartable|4|%|2||background:blue}}
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian/Alaska Native]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0|%|2||background:blue}}
|-
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
|align=right| {{bartable|0|%|2||background:blue}}
|-
| Two or more races
|align=right| {{bartable|5|%|2||background:blue}}
|-
| Unknown
|align=right| {{bartable|5|%|2||background:blue}}
|-
| [[Foreign national]]
|align=right| {{bartable|8|%|2||background:blue}}
|-
! colspan="4" data-sort-type=number |Socio-Economic Diversity<ref name="U.S. Department of Education College Scorecard" />
|-
| Students receiving a [[Pell grant]] intended for low-income students
|align=right| {{bartable|18|%|2||background:black}}
|}

As of October 2023, the university had an enrollment of 52,065 students: 33,730 [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate students]] and 18,335 [[graduate student]]s<ref>{{Cite book |url = https://www.masu.org/sites/default/files/documents/2023-11/MASU%202023%20Enrollment%20Report.pdf |title = ENROLLMENT REPORT FALL 2023 |publisher = Michigan Association of State Universities |year = 2023 |pages = 3 |language = en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last = Lauren Love |date = October 2, 2023 |title = U-M's fall enrollment makes it state's largest university |url = https://record.umich.edu/articles/u-ms-fall-enrollment-makes-it-states-largest-university/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231115200744/https://record.umich.edu/articles/u-ms-fall-enrollment-makes-it-states-largest-university/ |archive-date = November 15, 2023 |access-date = December 4, 2023 |website = The University Record }}</ref> The largest college at the university was the [[College of Literature, Science, and the Arts]] with 21,973 students (42.2% of the total student body), followed by the [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]] (11,113; 21.3%) and [[Ross School of Business]] (4,433; 8.1%). All other colleges each hosted less than 5% of the total student population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enrollment Reports {{!}} Office of the Registrar |url=https://ro.umich.edu/reports/enrollment |access-date=December 15, 2023 |website=University of Michigan Office of the Registrar}}</ref>

Students come from all 50 [[U.S. state]]s and nearly 100 countries.<ref name="Students profile 2020" /> As of 2022, 52% of undergraduate students were Michigan residents, while 43% came from other states. The remainder of the undergraduate student body was composed of international students.<ref name="University of Michigan Office of Budget & Planning 2022">{{Cite book |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/factsfigures/cy_UMAA_Infographic.pdf |title = ANN ARBOR CAMPUS SNAPSHOT – FALL 2022 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget & Planning |year = 2022 |pages = 1 |language = en }}</ref> Of the total student body, 43,253 (83.1%) were U.S. citizens or permanent residents and 8,812 (16.9%) were international students as of November 2023.<ref>{{Cite book |last = Morkin |first = Tyler |url = https://internationalcenter.umich.edu/sites/default/files/Annual_Report.pdf |title = 2023 Statistical Report: International Students, Scholars, Faculty, Staff, and Education Abroad |date = November 13, 2023 |publisher = University of Michigan International Center |pages = 4 |language = en }}</ref>

As of October 2023, 53% of undergraduate students self-identified as [[White people|White]], 17% as [[Asian Americans|Asian]], 7% as [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]], 4% as [[African Americans|Black]], 5% as belonging to two or more races, and 5% as having an unknown racial composition. The remaining 8% of undergraduates were international students.<ref name="U.S. Department of Education College Scorecard">{{Cite web |title=University of Michigan-Ann Arbor {{!}} College Scorecard |url=https://collegescorecard.ed.gov/school/?170976-University-of-Michigan-Ann-Arbor |access-date=December 15, 2023 |website=U.S. Department of Education College Scorecard |language=en}}</ref>

According to a 2017 report by the New York Times, the median family income of a student at Michigan was $154,000. 66% of students came from families within the top 20% in terms of income.<ref>{{Cite news |last1 = AISCH |first1 = GREGOR |last2 = BUCHANAN |first2 = LARRY |last3 = COX |first3 = AMANDA |last4 = QUEALY |first4 = KEVIN |date = January 18, 2017 |title = Economic diversity and student outcomes at Michigan |url = https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/college-mobility/university-of-michigan-ann-arbor |access-date = December 15, 2023 |work = The New York Times |language = en-US |issn = 0362-4331 }}</ref> As of 2022, approximately 23% of in-state undergraduate students and 14% of out-of-state students received a [[Pell Grant]].<ref name="University of Michigan Office of Budget & Planning 2022" />

===Residential life===
{{Main|University of Michigan Housing}}

[[File:A picture of the University of Michigan campus in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.jpg|thumb|Law Quadrangle, constructed during the decade of 1923–33, was designed by [[York and Sawyer]] in the [[Tudor architecture|Tudor style]]. Its design recalled the [[Quadrangle (architecture)|quadrangles]] of [[Oxbridge|two ancient English universities]], Oxford and Cambridge|alt=Law Quadrangle]]

The University of Michigan's campus housing system can accommodate approximately 10,000 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title = About University Housing |url = http://www.housing.umich.edu/about |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100817192131/http://www.housing.umich.edu/about |archive-date = August 17, 2010 |access-date = August 29, 2010 |publisher = University of Michigan Housing }}</ref> The residence halls are located in three distinct geographic areas on campus: Central Campus, Hill Area (between Central Campus and the University of Michigan Medical Center) and North Campus. Family housing is located on North Campus and mainly serves graduate students. The largest residence hall has a capacity of 1,270 students,<ref>{{Cite web |title = Residence Hall Overviews Bursley Hall |url = http://www.housing.umich.edu/reshalls/overviews#/bursley-hall |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100820202444/http://www.housing.umich.edu/reshalls/overviews/#/bursley-hall |archive-date = August 20, 2010 |access-date = August 29, 2010 |publisher = University of Michigan Housing }}</ref> while the smallest accommodates 25 residents.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Residence Hall Overviews Henderson House |url = http://www.housing.umich.edu/reshalls/overviews#/henderson-house |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100820202444/http://www.housing.umich.edu/reshalls/overviews/#/henderson-house |archive-date = August 20, 2010 |access-date = August 29, 2010 |publisher = University of Michigan Housing }}</ref> A majority of upper-division and graduate students live in off-campus apartments, houses, and [[Housing cooperative|cooperatives]], with the largest concentrations in the Central and South Campus areas.[[File:UniversityOfMichiganInsideLawQuad.jpg|thumb|Lawyers Club Dining Hall]]

[[File:Stockwell residence hall university of michigan.JPG|thumb|left|[[Stockwell Hall|Stockwell Residence Hall]]]]

===Groups and activities===

[[File:Arthur J Lacy with U of M Democratic Club 1898.jpg|thumb|Photograph of the University of Michigan Democratic Club in 1898.
<br>''Back Row'' (L–R): [[Arthur Lacy]], C. Thomas, J.M. Baily<br>''Front Row'' (L–R): F.K. Bowers, C.F. Kelley, C.D. Landis, JS. McElligott]]

By 2012, the university had 1,438 student organizations.<ref>{{Cite web |title = University of Michigan Directory of Student Organizations – Maize Pages |url = http://uuis.umich.edu/maizepgs/ |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101124035157/http://uuis.umich.edu/maizepgs/ |archive-date = November 24, 2010 |access-date = May 22, 2012 |publisher = University of Michigan Student Assembly }}</ref> The student body is politically engaged, though, with 96% stating they intended to vote in the 2020 election. It is largely progressive, with 43% identifying as very liberal, 33% as somewhat liberal, and 13% moderate. 11% identified as conservative or very conservative.<ref>{{Cite web |title = How are U-M students voting this election? A survey of issues most important to students |url = https://www.michigandaily.com/government/how-are-umich-students-voting-election-survey-issues-most-important-students/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230401160207/https://www.michigandaily.com/government/how-are-umich-students-voting-election-survey-issues-most-important-students/ |archive-date = April 1, 2023 |access-date = April 1, 2023 }}</ref> With a history of student activism, some of the most visible groups include those dedicated to causes such as [[civil rights]] and [[labor rights]], such as local chapters of [[Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)|Students for a Democratic Society]] and United Students Against Sweatshops. Conservative groups also organize, such as the [[Young Americans for Freedom]].<ref>{{Cite web |title = Young Americans for Freedom at the University of Michigan |url = https://www.yafumich.com/ |access-date = September 10, 2023 |website = Young Americans for Freedom at the University of Michigan }}</ref>

There are also several engineering projects teams, including the [[University of Michigan Solar Car Team]], which has placed first in the [[North American Solar Challenge]] six times and third in the [[World Solar Challenge]] four times<ref>{{Cite web |title = About Us – Past Teams |url = http://solarcar.engin.umich.edu/about/pastteams |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100705142947/http://www.solarcar.engin.umich.edu/about/pastteams |archive-date = July 5, 2010 |access-date = August 31, 2010 |publisher = UM Solar Car Teams }}</ref> and the Wolverine Soft student-run game studio, which has released more than 15 video games on [[itch.io]] and [[Steam_(service)|Steam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title = WolverineSoft Studio - itch.io |url = https://wolverinesoft-studio.itch.io/ |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250108160227/https://wolverinesoft-studio.itch.io/ |archive-date = January 8, 2025 |access-date = March 3, 2025 |publisher = itch.io }}</ref> Michigan Interactive Investments,<ref>{{Cite web |title = Michigan Interactive Investments |url = https://www.miiclub.org/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211022051009/https://www.miiclub.org/ |archive-date = October 22, 2021 |access-date = October 22, 2021 |website = Michigan Interactive Investments }}</ref> the TAMID Israel Investment Group, and the Michigan Economics Society<ref>{{Cite web |title = About Us |url = http://www.mesclub.org/pages/aboutUs |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101129133838/http://www.mesclub.org/pages/aboutUs |archive-date = November 29, 2010 |access-date = March 5, 2013 |publisher = Michigan Economic Society }}</ref> are also affiliated with the university.

The university also showcases many community service organizations and charitable projects, including Foundation for International Medical Relief of Children, Dance Marathon at the University of Michigan,<ref>{{Cite web |title = Meet DMUM |url = http://www.dmum.org/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100908154826/http://www.dmum.org/ |archive-date = September 8, 2010 |access-date = August 31, 2010 |publisher = Dance Marathon, Inc. }}</ref> [[The Detroit Partnership]], [[Relay for Life|Relay For Life]], U-M Stars for the Make-A-Wish Foundation, InnoWorks at the University of Michigan, SERVE, Letters to Success, PROVIDES, [[Circle K International|Circle K]], [[Habitat for Humanity]],<ref>{{Cite web |title = UM Habitat for Humanity |url = http://www.habitatum.org/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140829101244/http://www.habitatum.org/ |archive-date = August 29, 2014 |access-date = July 14, 2007 |publisher = UM Habitat for Humanity }}</ref> and Ann Arbor Reaching Out. [[Intramural sports]] are popular, and there are recreation facilities for each of the three campuses.<ref>{{Cite web |date = January 22, 2007 |title = About Our Facilities |url = http://www.recsports.umich.edu/facilities/descriptions.html |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080209120744/http://www.recsports.umich.edu/facilities/descriptions.html |archive-date = February 9, 2008 |access-date = April 28, 2007 |publisher = UM Department of Recreational Sports }}</ref>

[[File:Michigan Union 2009.JPG|thumb|left|[[Michigan Union]], an [[Art Deco building]] constructed on land wholly owned by the student society in 1917, was designed by Michigan alumni [[Irving Kane Pond]] and [[Allen Bartlit Pond]].|alt=]]

The Michigan Union and Michigan League are student activity centers located on Central Campus; Pierpont Commons is on North Campus. The Michigan Union houses a majority of student groups, including the student government. The William Monroe Trotter House, located east of Central Campus, is a multicultural student center operated by the university's Office of Multi-Ethnic Student Affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |title = About the Trotter Multicultural Center |url = http://mesa.umich.edu/trotter/ |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100823141107/http://www.mesa.umich.edu/trotter/ |archive-date = August 23, 2010 |access-date = August 31, 2010 |publisher = University of Michigan Division of Student Affairs }}</ref> The University Activities Center (UAC) is a student-run programming organization and is composed of 14 committees.<ref>{{Cite web |title = About UAC |url = http://www.umuac.org/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100110214530/http://www.umuac.org/ |archive-date = January 10, 2010 |access-date = February 16, 2010 |publisher = University Activities Center }}</ref> Each group involves students in the planning and execution of a variety of events both on and off campus.

[[File:Marching band on the field at UM versus Harvard football game 12 October 1940.jpg|thumb|[[Michigan Marching Band]] on the field at Michigan versus [[Harvard Crimson|Harvard]] football game in 1940]]

The [[Michigan Marching Band]], composed of more than 350 students from almost all of U-M's schools,<ref>{{Cite web |title = Sections |url = http://mmb.music.umich.edu/sections/ |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100923133257/http://mmb.music.umich.edu/sections/ |archive-date = September 23, 2010 |access-date = August 29, 2010 |publisher = The Michigan Marching Band }}</ref> is the university's [[marching band]]. Over 125 years old (with a first performance in 1897),<ref>{{Cite web |title = History |url = http://mmb.music.umich.edu/history/ |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100612012451/https://mmb.music.umich.edu/history/ |archive-date = June 12, 2010 |access-date = August 29, 2010 |publisher = The Michigan Marching Band }}</ref> the band performs at every home football game and travels to at least one away game a year. The student-run and led [[University of Michigan Pops Orchestra]] is another musical ensemble that attracts students from all academic backgrounds. It performs regularly in the [[Michigan Theater (Ann Arbor)|Michigan Theater]]. The [[University of Michigan Men's Glee Club]], founded in 1859 and the [[Glee club#Oldest United States collegiate glee clubs|second oldest]] such group in the country, is a men's chorus with over 100 members.<ref>{{Cite news |last = Shattuck |first = Kathryn |date = April 7, 2011 |title = Yale Glee Club at 150, at Carnegie Hall |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/08/arts/music/yale-glee-club-at-150-at-carnegie-hall.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160723014415/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/08/arts/music/yale-glee-club-at-150-at-carnegie-hall.html |archive-date = July 23, 2016 |access-date = February 25, 2017 |work = The New York Times }}</ref> Its eight-member subset [[a cappella]] group, the [[University of Michigan Friars]], which was founded in 1955, is the oldest currently running ''a cappella'' group on campus.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Our History |url = http://www.ummgc.org/friars/history.html |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100831110950/http://www.ummgc.org/friars/history.html |archive-date = August 31, 2010 |access-date = August 29, 2010 |publisher = The University of Michigan Friars }}</ref> The University of Michigan is also home to over twenty other a cappella groups, including Amazin' Blue, The Michigan G-Men, and [[Compulsive Lyres]], all of which have competed at the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella (ICCA) finals in New York City. Compulsive Lyres are the first and only group from Michigan to claim an ICCA title, having won in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |date = May 5, 2002 |title = A cappella group wins international championship |url = https://www.michigandaily.com/content/cappella-group-wins-international-championship |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201010001343/https://www.michigandaily.com/content/cappella-group-wins-international-championship |archive-date = October 10, 2020 |access-date = October 6, 2020 |website = The Michigan Daily |language = en }}</ref> The Michigan G-Men are one of only six groups in the country to compete at ICCA finals four times, one of only two TTBB ensembles to do so, and placed third at the competition in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |date = August 12, 2015 |title = Results |url = https://varsityvocals.com/results-page/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201008203958/https://varsityvocals.com/results-page/ |archive-date = October 8, 2020 |access-date = October 6, 2020 |website = Varsity Vocals |language = en-US }}</ref> Amazin' Blue placed fourth at ICCA finals in 2017.

The University of Michigan also has over 380 cultural and ethnic student organizations on campus.<ref>{{Cite web |title = University of Michigan Maize Pages – Organizations |url = https://maizepages.umich.edu/organizations |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141209040401/https://maizepages.umich.edu/organizations |archive-date = December 9, 2014 }}</ref> These range the Arab Student Association to Persian Student Association<ref>{{Cite web |title = Arab Student Association – Home |url = https://maizepages.umich.edu/organization/ArabStudentAssociation |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141209040456/https://maizepages.umich.edu/organization/ArabStudentAssociation |archive-date = December 9, 2014 }}</ref> to African Students Association<ref>{{Cite web |title = African Students Association – Home |url = https://maizepages.umich.edu/organization/michiganafricans |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141209040719/https://maizepages.umich.edu/organization/michiganafricans |archive-date = December 9, 2014 }}</ref> to even the Egyptian Student Association.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Egyptian Student Association – Home |url = https://maizepages.umich.edu/organization/egyptians |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141209040716/https://maizepages.umich.edu/organization/egyptians |archive-date = December 9, 2014 }}</ref>

==== Fraternities and sororities ====

[[File:Founders of Acacia Fraternity (1904).jpg|thumb|Photograph of the 14 founding members of [[Acacia (fraternity)|Acacia]], the only general fraternity to be founded in Michigan.]]

[[Fraternities and sororities]] play a role in the university's social life; approximately seven percent of undergraduate men and 16% of undergraduate women are active in the Greek system.<ref>{{Cite web |title = University of Michigan—Ann Arbor Student Life |url = https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-michigan-ann-arbor-9092/student-life |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230123030527/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-michigan-ann-arbor-9092/student-life |archive-date = January 23, 2023 |access-date = February 9, 2023 |website = U.S. News & World Report }}</ref> Four different Greek councils—the Interfraternity Council, Multicultural Greek Council, [[National Pan-Hellenic Council]], and Panhellenic Association—represent most Greek organizations. Each council has a different recruitment process.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Welcome to Greek Life |url = https://greeklife.umich.edu/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110328190256/http://greeklife.umich.edu/ |archive-date = March 28, 2011 |access-date = August 29, 2010 |publisher = Division of Student Affairs – Greek Life at the University of Michigan }}</ref>

[[File:Delta Sigma Delta Fraternity, 1502 Hill Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|[[Delta Sigma Delta]], the first dental fraternity in the world]]

National honor societies such as [[Phi Beta Kappa]], [[Phi Kappa Phi]], and [[Tau Beta Pi]] have chapters at U-M.<ref name="University of Michigan College of LS&A">{{Cite web |title = Honors And Awards For Superior Academic Achievement |url = http://www.lsa.umich.edu/umich/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=c36d086dbf3e9110VgnVCM1000005001010aRCRD&linkTypeBegin=channellinkTypeEnd&assetNameBegin=Honors%20and%20Awards%20for%20Superior%20Academic%20AchievementassetNameEnd |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100614165029/http://www.lsa.umich.edu/umich/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=c36d086dbf3e9110VgnVCM1000005001010aRCRD&linkTypeBegin=channellinkTypeEnd&assetNameBegin=Honors%20and%20Awards%20for%20Superior%20Academic%20AchievementassetNameEnd |archive-date = June 14, 2010 |access-date = September 30, 2010 |publisher = University of Michigan College of LS&A }}</ref> Degrees "with Highest Distinction" are recommended to students who rank in the top 3% of their class, "with High Distinction" to the next 7%, and "with Distinction" to the next 15%. Students earning a minimum overall GPA of 3.4 who have demonstrated high academic achievement and capacity for independent work may be recommended for a degree "with Highest Honors", "with High Honors", or "with Honors".<ref name="University of Michigan College of LS&A" /> Those students who earn all A's for two or more consecutive terms in a calendar year are recognized as James B. Angell Scholars and are invited to attend the annual Honors Convocation, an event which recognizes undergraduate students with distinguished academic achievements.<ref name="University of Michigan College of LS&A" />

[[File:Phi Delta Phi Fraternity House, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.JPG|thumb|[[Phi Delta Phi]], the oldest legal organization in continuous existence in the United States]]

==== Collegiate secret societies ====

The University of Michigan hosts three secret societies: Michigauma, Adara, and the Vulcans. Michigauma and Adara were once under the umbrella group "The Tower Society", the name referring to their historical locations in the Michigan Union tower. Michigauma was all-male while Adara was all-female, although both later became co-ed.
* [[Order of Angell|Michigauma]], more recently known as the Order of Angell, was formed in 1902 by a group of seniors in coordination with university president James Burrill Angell. The group disbanded itself in 2021 due to public concerns about elitism and the society's history. The group was granted a lease for the top floor of the Michigan Union tower in 1932, which they referred to as the "tomb", but the society vacated the space in 2000. Until more recent reforms, the group's rituals were inspired by the culture of [[Native Americans of the United States|Native Americans]].<ref>{{Cite web |title = Michigamua Image Gallery |url = http://www.goodspeedupdate.com/michigamua-images.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210504121125/http://goodspeedupdate.com/michigamua-images.html |archive-date = May 4, 2021 |access-date = May 9, 2008 }}</ref> Some factions on campus identified Michigauma as a [[secret society]], but many disputed that characterization, as its member list has been published some years in ''[[The Michigan Daily]]'' and the ''[[Michiganensian]]'', and online since 2006 reforms.
* Adara, known as Phoenix, was formed in the late 1970s by women leaders on campus and disbanded itself in 2021 amid campus criticisms of secret societies.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Horne |first = Brooke Van |date = January 1, 1970 |title = Phoenix, a secret society at U-M, votes to disband permanently |url = https://www.michigandaily.com/campus-life/phoenix-female-only-secret-society-u-m-votes-disband/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202922/https://www.michigandaily.com/campus-life/phoenix-female-only-secret-society-u-m-votes-disband/ |archive-date = June 24, 2021 |access-date = June 21, 2021 |website = The Michigan Daily |language = en-US }}</ref> In the early 1980s they joined the tower society and occupied the sixth floor of the tower just below Michigamua.
* Vulcans, occupied the fifth floor of the Union tower though were not formally a part of the tower society. They draw their heritage from the Roman god [[Vulcan (mythology)|Vulcan]]. The group which used to do its tapping publicly is known for its long black robes and for its financial contributions of the College of Engineering.

===Media and publications===

[[File:University of Michigan Student Publications Building.jpg|thumb|Stanford Lipsey Student Publications Building]]

The [[student newspaper]] is ''[[The Michigan Daily]]'', which was founded in 1890 and is editorially and financially independent from the university. ''The Daily'' publishes daily online content and a weekly print edition. The [[yearbook]] is the ''[[Michiganensian]]'', founded in 1896. Other student publications at the university include the conservative ''[[The Michigan Review|Michigan Review]]'' and the ''[[Gargoyle Humor Magazine]]''.

[[WCBN-FM]] (88.3 FM) is the student-run [[college radio]] station which plays in [[Freeform (radio format)|freeform format]]. WOLV-TV is the student-run television station that is primarily shown on the university's cable television system. WJJX was previously the school's student-run radio station. A [[carrier current]] station, it was launched in 1953.<ref>{{Cite book |last1 = Smith |first1 = Patti F. |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7cSYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA89 |title = Vanishing Ann Arbor |last2 = Woodman |first2 = Britain |year = 2019 |isbn = 9781439666975 |location = Chicago |publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing]] |page = 89 |access-date = March 9, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200523105441/https://books.google.com/books?id=7cSYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA89 |archive-date = May 23, 2020 |url-status = live |via = Google Books }}</ref>

===Safety===

Violent crime is rare on campus, though there have been a few notorious cases, including [[Theodore Kaczynski]]'s attempted murder of professor [[James V. McConnell]] and research assistant Nicklaus Suino in 1985. In 2022, [[David DePape]], the man convicted of attacking [[Paul Pelosi]], who is the husband of former U.S. House Speaker [[Nancy Pelosi]], targeted [[Gayle Rubin]], an associate professor of anthropology and women’s studies at the university.<ref name="Rubin16112023BRIDGEMI">{{cite web |last=James |first=Janelle D. |title=Who is Gayle Rubin, the U-M professor targeted by Paul Pelosi's attacker? |url=https://www.bridgemi.com/talent-education/who-gayle-rubin-u-m-professor-targeted-paul-pelosis-attacker |website=bridgemi.com |date=November 16, 2023 |access-date=February 18, 2025 }}</ref> DePape testified during his trial that he hoped to use Nancy and Paul Pelosi in an effort to get to Gayle Rubin.<ref name="Rubin16112023BRIDGEMI" />

A radical left-wing militant organization [[Weather Underground]] was founded at the university in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Wakin |first = Daniel J. |date = August 24, 2003 |title = Quieter Lives for 60's Militants, but Intensity of Beliefs Hasn't Faded |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/24/nyregion/quieter-lives-for-60-s-militants-but-intensity-of-beliefs-hasn-t-faded.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190403082338/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/24/nyregion/quieter-lives-for-60-s-militants-but-intensity-of-beliefs-hasn-t-faded.html |archive-date = April 3, 2019 |access-date = December 12, 2021 |website = The New York Times }}</ref> It was later designated a domestic terrorist group by the [[FBI]].<ref>{{Cite web |title = Weather Underground Bombings |url = https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/weather-underground-bombings |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190510182419/https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/weather-underground-bombings |archive-date = May 10, 2019 |access-date = December 12, 2021 |publisher = Federal Bureau of Investigation }}</ref>

In 2014, the University of Michigan was named one of 55 higher education institutions under investigation by the Office of Civil Rights "for possible violations of federal law over the handling of sexual violence and harassment complaints." President [[Barack Obama]]'s [[White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault]] was organized for such investigations.<ref>{{Cite news |date = May 1, 2014 |title = U.S. Department of Education Releases List of Higher Education Institutions with Open Title IX Sexual Violence Investigations |url = http://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/us-department-education-releases-list-higher-education-institutions-open-title-i |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714000905/http://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/us-department-education-releases-list-higher-education-institutions-open-title-i |archive-date = July 14, 2014 |access-date = July 14, 2014 |work = U.S. Department of Education }}</ref> Seven years later, in 2021, the university attracted national attention when a report commissioned by the university was released that detailed an investigation into sexual assault allegations against doctor [[Robert Anderson (sex offender)|Robert Anderson]] who reportedly abused at least 950 university students, many of whom were athletes, from 1966 to 2003.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last = Breiler |first = Christopher |title = Horrific Details Of Sexual Abuse at Michigan Largely Ignored Amid Debates Over Legacies |url = https://www.si.com/college/michigan/football/university-of-michigan-football-doctor-robert-anderson-bo-schembechler |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211212060217/https://www.si.com/college/michigan/football/university-of-michigan-football-doctor-robert-anderson-bo-schembechler |archive-date = December 12, 2021 |access-date = December 12, 2021 |department = Michigan Wolverines News, Analysis and More |magazine = Sports Illustrated }}</ref> Several football players from that time say football coach [[Bo Schembechler]] ignored and enabled the abuse and told players to "toughen up" after being molested.<ref>{{Cite web |date = June 10, 2021 |title = Bo Schembechler's son, others say iconic coach knew about Michigan doctor's sexual abuse |url = https://sports.yahoo.com/bo-schembechlers-son-others-detail-how-much-iconic-coach-knew-about-sexual-abuse-190114255.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211212060218/https://sports.yahoo.com/bo-schembechlers-son-others-detail-how-much-iconic-coach-knew-about-sexual-abuse-190114255.html |archive-date = December 12, 2021 |access-date = December 12, 2021 |website = Yahoo! Sports }}</ref> Schembechler reportedly punched his then 10-year-old son Matthew after he reported abuse by Anderson.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Blinder |first = Alan |date = June 10, 2021 |title = Son of Bo Schembechler Says He Was Abused by Team Doctor at Michigan |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/10/sports/ncaafootball/michigan-abuse-bo-schembechler.html |url-access = limited |archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/10/sports/ncaafootball/michigan-abuse-bo-schembechler.html |archive-date = December 28, 2021 |website = The New York Times }}{{cbignore}}</ref> Following the exposure of a similar history of abuse at [[Ohio State University]], male survivors of both Anderson at Michigan and Strauss at Ohio State spoke out to combat sexual abuse.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Heinrichs |first = Audra |date = November 30, 2021 |title = Male survivors unite to expose sexual abuse at college football's biggest rivals |url = https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/nov/30/ohio-state-michigan-doctors-sexual-abuse-college-football |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211220114201/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/nov/30/ohio-state-michigan-doctors-sexual-abuse-college-football |archive-date = December 20, 2021 |access-date = December 22, 2021 |website = The Guardian }}</ref> The University of Michigan settled with the survivors for $490 million.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Jesse |first = David |title = University of Michigan reaches $490M settlement with Dr. Anderson sexual assault survivors |url = https://www.freep.com/story/news/education/2022/01/19/university-michigan-robert-anderson-settlement-sexual-assault/6553333001/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220120030702/https://www.freep.com/story/news/education/2022/01/19/university-michigan-robert-anderson-settlement-sexual-assault/6553333001/ |archive-date = January 20, 2022 |access-date = January 20, 2022 |website = Detroit Free Press |language = en-US }}</ref>

==Athletics==
{{Main|Michigan Wolverines}}

[[File:Burgee of University of Michigan.SVG|thumb|Burgee of University of Michigan]]

The university's athletics history dates back to the late 19th century, with the [[Michigan Wolverines baseball|baseball team]] founded in 1866, the [[Michigan Wolverines football|football team]] established in 1879, and the [[Michigan Wolverines men's tennis|men's tennis team]] originating in 1893. The university currently boasts 29 varsity intercollegiate sports, including 14 men's teams and 15 women's teams.<ref>{{Cite web |title = University of Michigan Athletics Varsity Sports |url = http://www.mgoblue.com/school-bio/mich-varsity-sports.html |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130301041006/http://www.mgoblue.com/school-bio/mich-varsity-sports.html |archive-date = March 1, 2013 |access-date = February 9, 2013 |website = MGoBlue |publisher = University of Michigan Athletic Department }}</ref> Since January 2016, [[Warde Manuel]] has served as the 12th athletics director.

The university's intercollegiate sports teams, known as the "[[Michigan Wolverines|Wolverines]]," participate in the [[Big Ten Conference]] in most sports, with the exception of the [[Michigan Wolverines women's water polo|women's water polo team]], which competes in the [[Collegiate Water Polo Association]]. The teams compete at the [[NCAA Division I]] level in all sports, including Division I [[NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision|FBS]] in football. The teams share the nickname "Wolverines" with several other collegiate athletic teams in the country, such as the [[Utah Valley Wolverines]], the [[Grove City College|Grove City Wolverines]], and the [[Morris Brown College|Morris Brown Wolverines]].

In 1896, the university became a founding member of the [[Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives]], which later evolved into the Western Conference (1896–1899) and eventually became known as the Big Ten Conference (since 1950). However, by April 1907, just a decade later, the university was voted out of the conference for refusing to adhere to league rules. Following a nine-year absence, the university rejoined the conference in 1917.

In 1926, [[Harvard Crimson football|Harvard]] made an agreement to play football against Michigan, dropping [[Princeton Tigers football|Princeton]] from its schedule due to past rough matches. Princeton perceived this move as a threat to the '[[Big Three (colleges)|Big Three]]' relationship, fearing it would lose its status as a rival to Harvard and be relegated to a secondary class. By the 1930s, the 'Big Three' was restored and expanded into the [[Ivy League]] in 1939.<ref>Marcia G. Synott, "The 'Big Three' and the Harvard-Princeton Football Break, 1926-1934," ''Journal of Sport History'' 1976 3(2): 188-202.</ref>

In 2023, during the NCAA's investigation into [[University of Michigan football sign-stealing scandal|sign-stealing allegations]] against the football team's staff members, the university's board of regents considered the possibility of leaving the Big Ten conference due to dissatisfaction with the conference's handling of the investigation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chavkin |first1=Daniel |title=Michigan Discussed Leaving Big Ten Over Handling of Sign-Stealing Probe, per Source |url=https://www.si.com/college/2023/11/11/michigan-discussed-leaving-big-ten-sign-stealing-probe-source |date=Nov 11, 2023 |access-date=March 7, 2025 |publisher=SPORTS ILLUSTRATED |website=si.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Eifert |first1=Matt |title=Friday Discussion: If Michigan were to leave the Big Ten, what's next? |url=https://www.maizenbrew.com/2023/11/17/23962546/friday-discussion-michigan-wolverines-college-football-leave-the-big-ten-2023-season-whats-next |date=Nov 17, 2023 |access-date=March 7, 2025 |publisher=Maize n Brew |website=maizenbrew.com }}</ref>

===Venues===

The [[Ray Fisher Stadium]], constructed in 1923, serves as the home venue for the [[Michigan Wolverines baseball|baseball team]]. The [[Alumni Field at Carol Hutchins Stadium]], formerly known as the Varsity Diamond, is the home field for the university's [[Michigan Wolverines softball|softball team]]. The [[Yost Ice Arena]], opened in 1923, is the home arena for the [[Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey|men's ice hockey team]]. The [[Crisler Center]], opened in 1967 and previously known as the University Events Building and Crisler Arena, serves as the home venue for the men's and women's basketball teams as well as the women's gymnastics team. The [[Phyllis Ocker Field]], constructed in 1995 and built partially on the site of Regents Field, is the home venue for the university's field hockey teams.

[[Michigan Stadium]], opened in 1927, serves as the home venue for the football team. With an official capacity of 107,601, the stadium is the [[list of stadiums by capacity|third-largest sports stadium in the world]].<ref>{{Cite web |date = August 7, 2015 |title = U-M Announces New Seating Capacity for Michigan Stadium |url = http://www.mgoblue.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/080715aaa.html |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170625150652/http://www.mgoblue.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/080715aaa.html |archive-date = June 25, 2017 |access-date = August 7, 2015 |publisher = University of Michigan Department of Athletics }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title = ''The Michigan Stadium Story'' – Once Again the Biggest House, 1998 |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/stadium/stadtext/stad1998.htm |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070313183556/http://bentley.umich.edu/stadium/stadtext/stad1998.htm |archive-date = March 13, 2007 |access-date = March 23, 2007 |publisher = Bentley Historical Library }}</ref> The extra seat in the stadium's capacity is said to be "reserved" for former head coach [[Fritz Crisler]].<ref>{{Cite web |title = Michigan Stadium |url = http://www.mgoblue.com/facilities/michigan-stadium.html |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140419162602/http://www.mgoblue.com/facilities/michigan-stadium.html |archive-date = April 19, 2014 |access-date = April 8, 2013 |website = MGoBlue |publisher = University of Michigan Athletic Department }}</ref> Prior to the construction of Michigan Stadium in 1927, the football team played their home games at [[Regents Field]]. In 1902, [[Dexter M. Ferry]] donated land adjacent to Regents Field, and the entire complex was renamed [[Ferry Field]]. Ferry Field served as the home stadium for the football team until the opening of Michigan Stadium. Today, Ferry Field serves as a tailgating space for Michigan Stadium during football games.

===Fight songs and chants===

[[File:Singing_The_Yellow_and_the_Blue_between_halves_of_the_Penn_Game,_1916.png|thumb|Singing ''[[The Yellow and Blue|The Yellow and the Blue]]'' between halves of the [[University of Pennsylvania|Penn]] Game, November 1916]]

The Michigan fight song, "[[The Victors]]", was written by student Louis Elbel in 1898. The song was declared by [[John Philip Sousa]] to be "the greatest college fight song ever written."<ref>{{Cite book |last = Michael Hondorp, Fabrikant Alexis |title = University of Michigan College Prowler Off the Record |date = January 1, 2005 |publisher = College Prowler, Inc |isbn = 1-59658-163-8 |page = 118 }}</ref> The song refers to the teams as being "the Champions of the West". At the time, the Big Ten Conference was known as the Western Conference.

Although mainly used at sporting events, the Michigan fight song is often heard at other events as well. U.S. President [[Gerald Ford]] had it played by the [[United States Marine Band]] as his entrance anthem during his term as president from 1974 to 1977, in preference over the more traditional "[[Hail to the Chief]]",<ref>{{Cite book |last = Rozell |first = Mark J. |title = The Press and the Ford Presidency |date = October 15, 1992 |publisher = University of Michigan Press |isbn = 0-472-10350-4 |page = 38 }}</ref> and the Michigan Marching Band performed a slow-tempo variation of the fight song at [[Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford|his funeral]].<ref>{{Cite news |last = Singer |first = Michelle |date = January 3, 2007 |title = Gerald Ford Returns Home For The Last Time |url = https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gerald-ford-returns-home-for-the-last-time/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090221044716/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/01/02/politics/main2320308.shtml |archive-date = February 21, 2009 |access-date = February 18, 2010 |work = CBS News }}</ref> The fight song is also sung during graduation commencement ceremonies. The university's alma mater song is "[[The Yellow and Blue]]". A common rally cry is "[[Let's Go Blue]]!" which has a complementary short musical arrangement written by former students Joseph Carl, a sousaphonist, and Albert Ahronheim, a [[Drum major (marching band)|drum major]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last = Stieg |first = Bill |date = May 21, 1984 |title = A Catchy Intro To A Cheer Became Music To The Ears Of Myriad Fans |url = https://vault.si.com/vault/1984/05/21/a-catchy-intro-to-a-cheer-became-music-to-the-ears-of-myriad-fans/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081202160254/http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1122081/index.htm |archive-date = December 2, 2008 |access-date = December 25, 2008 |magazine = Sports Illustrated }}</ref>

Before "The Victors" was officially the university's fight song, the song "[[There'll Be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight]]" was considered to be the school song.<ref>{{Cite web |year = 1999 |title = The Michiganesian Yearbook |url = http://www.e-yearbook.com/yearbooks/University_Michigan_Michiganensian_Yearbook/1999/Page_186.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120217110348/http://www.e-yearbook.com/yearbooks/University_Michigan_Michiganensian_Yearbook/1999/Page_186.html |archive-date = February 17, 2012 |access-date = April 9, 2012 |page = 186 }}</ref> After Michigan temporarily withdrew from the Western Conference in 1907, a new Michigan fight song, "[[Varsity (fight song)|Varsity]]", was written in 1911 because the line "champions of the West" was no longer appropriate.<ref>{{Cite web |title = The Eugene Fischer Years: 1906–1914 |url = http://mmb.music.umich.edu/node/43351 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120331162125/http://mmb.music.umich.edu/node/43351 |archive-date = March 31, 2012 |access-date = April 9, 2012 |website = Michigan Marching Band website |publisher = Regents of the University of Michigan }}</ref>

===Accomplishments===

The [[Michigan Wolverines football|Michigan football]] program ranks first in NCAA history in total wins (1,004 through the end of the 2023 season) and tied for 1st among FBS schools in winning percentage (.734).<ref>{{Cite web |last = Crawford |first = Brad |date = December 26, 2021 |title = College football's all-time winningest programs, ranked |url = https://247sports.com/LongFormArticle/College-footballs-all-time-winningest-programs-ranked-179115056/#179115056_7 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211226203735/https://247sports.com/LongFormArticle/College-footballs-all-time-winningest-programs-ranked-179115056/#179115056_7 |archive-date = December 26, 2021 |access-date = January 16, 2022 |website = 247Sports }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title = Football Bowl Subdivision Records: All-Time Won-Loss Records |url = http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/2015/FBS.pdf |url-status = live |archive-url = http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160521052546/http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/2015/fbs.pdf |archive-date = May 21, 2016 |access-date = March 3, 2016 |publisher = National Collegiate Athletics Association |page = 98 }}</ref> The team won the first [[Rose Bowl Game|Rose Bowl game]] in [[1902 Rose Bowl|1902]]. the university had 40 consecutive winning seasons from 1968 to 2007, including consecutive [[bowl game]] appearances from 1975 to 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |date = May 31, 2008 |title = University of Michigan Athletics History: All-Time University of Michigan Football Record 1879–2007 |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/football/misc/fbrecord.htm |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081231230137/http://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/football/misc/fbrecord.htm |archive-date = December 31, 2008 |access-date = December 25, 2008 |publisher = Bentley Historical Library }}</ref> The Wolverines have won a record 45 Big Ten championships. The program claims 12 [[College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS|national championships]],<ref name="MichiganScoreboardSign2001">{{Cite sign |title = Michigan Stadium scoreboard National Champions 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1918, 1923, 1932, 1933, 1947, 1948, 1997 |date = November 24, 2001 |type = Stadium Sign |publisher = University of Michigan |location = [[Michigan Stadium]] |url = https://www.flickr.com/photos/nguzzo/2163229263/ |access-date = January 11, 2023 }}</ref><ref name="MichiganTunnelSign">{{Cite sign |title = Michigan Football National Champions 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1918, 1923, 1932, 1933, 1947, 1948, 1997, 2023 |date = April 11, 2024 |type = Tunnel Sign |publisher = University of Michigan |location = [[Michigan Stadium]] |url = https://twitter.com/ByAZuniga/status/1778561493333656043 |access-date = May 9, 2024 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240510205350/https://imgur.com/a/xE1S3L0 |archive-date = May 10, 2024 |url-status = live }}</ref> most recently winning the [[2024 College Football Playoff National Championship|2024 National Championship Game]],<ref>{{Cite web |title = University of Michigan Football – National Championships |url = https://mgoblue.com/feature/2023-football-national-champions }}</ref> and has produced three [[Heisman Trophy]] winners: [[Tom Harmon]], [[Desmond Howard]], and [[Charles Woodson]].<ref name="Heisman">{{Cite web |year = 2010 |title = Heisman Winners |url = http://www.heisman.com/index.php/heismanWinners |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140801004040/http://www.heisman.com/index.php/heismanWinners |archive-date = August 1, 2014 |access-date = August 29, 2010 |publisher = Heisman Trophy at Heisman.com }}</ref>

The [[Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey|men's ice hockey team]], which plays at Yost Ice Arena, has won nine [[NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship|national championships.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title = Men's Ice Hockey (Division I): Championship History |url = https://www.ncaa.com/history/icehockey-men/d1 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130309014858/http://www.ncaa.com/history/icehockey-men/d1 |archive-date = March 9, 2013 |access-date = March 5, 2013 |publisher = NCAA }}</ref>

The [[Michigan Wolverines men's basketball|men's basketball]] team, which plays at the Crisler Center, has appeared in five [[NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|Final Fours]] and won the [[1989 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|national championship]] in 1989. The program also voluntarily vacated victories from its 1992–1993 and 1995–1999 seasons in which [[University of Michigan basketball scandal|illicit payments to players]] took place, as well as its 1992 and 1993 Final Four appearances.<ref>{{Cite news |last = Cnockaert |first = Jim |date = March 22, 2002 |title = Accident's effects still felt six years later: Roberson: It changed the athletic department |work = Ann Arbor News }}</ref> The men's basketball team has most recently won back-to-back Big Ten Tournament Championships.

More than 250 Michigan athletes or coaches have participated in [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] events,<ref>{{Cite web |last = Kinney |first = Greg |date = February 4, 2020 |title = Michigan in the Olympics – Michigan Olympians by Sport |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/olymp2/olsports.htm |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191024185005/https://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/olymp2/olsports.htm |archive-date = October 24, 2019 |access-date = March 13, 2020 |website = University of Michigan Athletics History |publisher = [[Bentley Historical Library]] }}</ref> and as of 2021 its students and alumni have won [[List of American universities with Olympic medals|155 Olympic medals]].<ref>{{Cite web |last = Kinney |first = Greg |date = August 21, 2016 |title = Michigan in the Olympics – University of Michigan Medalists |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/olymp2/ummedals.htm |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180615200930/http://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/olymp2/ummedals.htm |archive-date = June 15, 2018 |access-date = March 13, 2020 |website = University of Michigan Athletics History |publisher = [[Bentley Historical Library]] }}</ref> Through the [[2012 Summer Olympics]], 275 Michigan students and coaches had participated in the Olympics, winning medals in each [[Summer Olympic Games]] except 1896, and winning gold medals in all but four Olympiads. the university's students/student-coaches (e.g., notably, Michael Phelps) have won a total of [[Michigan Wolverines#Olympians|185 Olympic medals]]: 85 golds, 48 silvers, and 52 bronzes.<ref>{{Cite web |date = February 5, 2016 |title = Michigan in the Olympics |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/olymp2/oltitle.htm |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100901031205/http://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/olymp2/oltitle.htm |archive-date = September 1, 2010 |access-date = August 28, 2010 |publisher = Bentley Historical Library }}</ref>

In 10 of the past 14 years concluding in 2009, the university has finished in the top five of the [[NACDA Director's Cup]], a ranking compiled by the [[National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics]] to tabulate the success of universities in competitive sports. The university has finished in the top 10 of the Directors' Cup standings in 21 of the award's 29 seasons between [[Michigan Wolverines#NCAA Division I Directors' Cup|1993–2021]] and has placed in the top six in nine of the last 10 seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Learfield Sports Directors' Cup Previous Scoring |url = http://www.nacda.com/directorscup/nacda-directorscup-previous-scoring.html |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110102202358/http://www.nacda.com/directorscup/nacda-directorscup-previous-scoring.html |archive-date = January 2, 2011 |access-date = August 29, 2010 |publisher = National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics }}</ref>

==Museums==
{{main list|List of museums and collections at the University of Michigan}}

[[File:University of Michigan August 2013 192 (Kelsey Museum of Archaeology).jpg|thumb|upright|Newberry Hall ([[Kelsey Museum of Archeology]])]]

The university is also home to several public and research museums including but not limited to the [[University of Michigan Museum of Art|University Museum of Art]], [[University of Michigan Museum of Natural History]], [[Detroit Observatory]], [[Sindecuse Museum of Dentistry]], and the LSA Museum of Anthropological Archaeology.

[[Kelsey Museum of Archeology]] has a collection of Roman, Greek, Egyptian, and Middle Eastern artifacts.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 2008 |title = About Us |url = http://www.lsa.umich.edu/kelsey/aboutus |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090107222617/http://www.lsa.umich.edu/kelsey/aboutus |archive-date = January 7, 2009 |access-date = December 26, 2008 |publisher = The Kelsey Museum of Archeology at the University of Michigan }}</ref> Between 1972 and 1974, the museum was involved in the excavation of the [[archaeological site]] of [[Dibsi Faraj]] in northern [[Syria]].<ref>{{Citation |last1 = Harper |first1 = Richard P. |title = Excavations at Dibsi Faraj, Northern Syria, 1972–1974: A Preliminary Note on the Site and Its Monuments with an Appendix |date = 1975 |journal = Dumbarton Oaks Papers |volume = 29 |pages = 319–338 |doi = 10.2307/1291379 |jstor = 1291379 |last2 = Wilkinson |first2 = Tony J. }}</ref> The Kelsey Museum re-opened November 1, 2009, after a renovation and expansion.<ref>{{Cite news |last = Imran Syed |date = November 1, 2009 |title = Hoarding history |url = http://www.michigandaily.com/content/imran-syed-hoarding-history |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131017051756/http://michigandaily.com/content/imran-syed-hoarding-history |archive-date = October 17, 2013 |access-date = November 4, 2021 |publisher = The Michigan Daily }}</ref>

The collection of the University of Michigan Museum of Art include nearly 19,000 objects that span cultures, eras, and media and include European, American, Middle Eastern, Asian, and African art, as well as changing exhibits. The Museum of Art re-opened in 2009 after a three-year renovation and expansion.<ref>{{Cite news |last = Mallory |first = Jones |date = March 18, 2009 |title = Economy yields higher museum attendance |url = http://www.michigandaily.com/content/2009-03-19/economy-yields-higher-museum-attendance |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150412133935/http://www.michigandaily.com/content/2009-03-19/economy-yields-higher-museum-attendance |archive-date = April 12, 2015 |access-date = July 19, 2013 |work = Michigan Daily }}</ref> UMMA presents special exhibitions and diverse educational programs featuring the visual, performing, film and literary arts that contextualize the gallery experience.<ref>{{Cite web |title = University of Michigan |url = http://www.umma.umich.edu |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080210075431/http://www.umma.umich.edu/ |archive-date = February 10, 2008 |access-date = July 19, 2013 |publisher = Museum of Art (UMMA) }}</ref>

The University of Michigan Museum of Natural History began in the mid-19th century and expanded greatly with the donation of 60,000 specimens by [[Joseph Beal Steere]] in the 1870s. The building also houses three research museums: the Museum of Anthropology, Museum of Paleontology. Today, the collections are primarily housed and displayed in the Ruthven Museums Building which was completed in 1928.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 2008 |title = History |url = http://www.lsa.umich.edu/exhibitmuseum/about/history |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080210121729/http://www.lsa.umich.edu/exhibitmuseum/about/history |archive-date = February 10, 2008 |access-date = December 26, 2008 |publisher = University of Michigan Exhibit Museum of Natural History }}</ref>

== Notable people ==

=== Benefactors ===

[[File:Henry Ford at 1923 UM vs Marines football game dedication of Yost Field House.jpg|thumb|[[Henry Ford]] (second from the left) at the dedication of [[Yost Field House]] in 1923]]

The university was assisted in its formation in the 1810s by a [[Grand Lodge of Michigan|Masonic lodge]] ([[Zion Lodge No. 1 F&AM]]), which provided much-needed financial support for its establishment.<ref name="prnewswire">{{Cite press release |title = Mysterious Freemason Celebrates 250th Anniversary in Michigan |publisher = prnewswire |url = https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mysterious-freemason-celebrates-250th-anniversary-in-michigan-254266941.html |last1 = Berry |first1 = Wesley |access-date = February 10, 2024 }}</ref> Of the total amount subscribed to start the university, two-thirds came from the Masonic lodge and its members.<ref name="prnewswire"/> Since then, private donors have become an important source of funding for the university. Among the individuals who have made significant donations commemorated at the university are [[William Wilson Cook]], [[Dexter M. Ferry|Dexter Mason Ferry]], the [[Ford family]], the [[Nichols Arboretum|Nichols family]], the [[University of Michigan School of Education|Marsal Family]], the [[Preston Robert Tisch|Tisch Family]], [[William E. Upjohn|William Erastus Upjohn]], [[John Stoughton Newberry]], [[Clara Harrison Stranahan]], [[William K. Brehm]], [[William Morse Davidson]], [[A. Alfred Taubman]], [[Penny W. Stamps School of Art and Design|Penny W. Stamps]], and [[Ronald Weiser]]. The [[Samuel Zell|Zell Family Foundation]], led by Sam and Helen Zell, has donated a total of $152 million to the university over the years.<ref>{{cite web |title = University of Michigan receives $50 million from Zell Family Foundation, led by alumna Helen Zell, for Creative Writing Program |url = https://news.umich.edu/university-of-michigan-receives-50-million-from-zell-family-foundation-led-by-alumna-helen-zell-for-creative-writing-program/ |access-date = February 10, 2024 |website = news.umich.edu |date = March 7, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = University of Michigan receives $60 million gift from the Zell Family Foundation |url = https://news.umich.edu/university-of-michigan-receives-60-million-gift-from-the-zell-family-foundation/ |access-date = February 10, 2024 |website = news.umich.edu |date = July 13, 2015 }}</ref> [[Stephen M. Ross]] made a $200 million donation to the business school and athletic campus in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title = U-Michigan to receive $200 million from prominent real estate developer Stephen M. Ross |url = https://news.umich.edu/u-michigan-to-receive-200-million-from-prominent-real-estate-developer-stephen-m-ross/ |access-date = February 10, 2024 |website = news.umich.edu |date = September 4, 2013 }}</ref> Ross made a separate $100 million contribution to the university in 2004.<ref>{{cite web |title = Alumni – Stephen M. Ross |url = https://michiganross.umich.edu/alumni/stephen-m-ross |access-date = February 10, 2024 |website = michiganross.umich.edu }}</ref> [[Charles Munger]] pledged $110 million in 2013 for a graduate residence and fellowships.<ref>{{cite web |title = Charles Munger pledges $110 million for U-Michigan graduate residence and fellowships to create community of scholars; largest gift in university's history |url = https://news.umich.edu/charles-munger-pledges-110-million-for-u-michigan-graduate-residence-and-fellowships-to-create-community-of-scholars-largest-gift-in-university-s-history/ |access-date = February 10, 2024 |website = michiganross.umich.edu |date = April 18, 2013 }}</ref> In 2024, the Hong Kong-based [[Li Ka Shing Foundation]] endowed a professorship at the university to support research in biomedical engineering.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Zhen Xu Receives Multiple Honors for Pioneering Work in Non-Invasive Cancer Treatment |url=https://bme.umich.edu/2024/12/11/dr-zhen-xu-receives-multiple-honors-for-pioneering-work-in-non-invasive-cancer-treatment/ |access-date=January 11, 2025 |website=bme.umich.edu |date=December 11, 2024 }}</ref>

=== Faculty ===
{{Main list|List of University of Michigan faculty and staff}}

The university employs 8,189 faculty members,<ref name="facstaffsumm_umaa2023">{{cite web |title=UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN - ANN ARBOR FACULTY AND STAFF HEADCOUNT SUMMARY |url=https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/factsfigures/facstaffsumm_umaa.pdf |website=obp.umich.edu |date=November 15, 2023 |access-date=February 18, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title = Chapter 6 Faculty & Staff |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/almanac/Almanac_Ch6.pdf |access-date = December 22, 2023 |website = obp.umich.edu }}</ref> of whom 3,195 are tenured or on a tenure track.<ref name="facstaffsumm_umaa2023"/> Among them, there are 37 members of the [[National Academy of Sciences]],<ref>{{Cite web |title = National Academy of Sciences Member directory |url = http://www.nasonline.org/site/Dir?sid=1011&view=basic&pg=srch |access-date = December 22, 2023 |website = nasonline.org }}</ref> 62 members of the [[National Academy of Medicine]],<ref>{{Cite web |title = National Academy of Medicine General Directory |url = https://nam.edu/directory/?lastName=&firstName=&parentInstitution=&yearStart=1970&yearEnd=2023&presence=0 |access-date = December 22, 2023 |website = nam.edu }}</ref> 30 members of the [[National Academy of Engineering]],<ref>{{Cite web |title = National Academy of Engineering Member Directory |url = http://www.nae.edu/default.aspx?id=20412 |access-date = December 22, 2023 |website = nae.edu }}</ref> 89 [[Sloan Research Fellowship|Sloan Research Fellows]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Sloan Research Fellows Database |url=https://sloan.org/fellows-database |access-date=February 19, 2025 |website=sloan.org }}</ref> 17 [[Guggenheim Fellows]],<ref>{{cite web |title=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation - All Fellows |url=https://www.gf.org/all-fellows/ |website=gf.org |access-date=February 19, 2025 }}</ref> 99 members of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]],<ref>{{Cite web |title = American Academy of Arts and Sciences Member Directory |url = https://www.amacad.org/directory |access-date = December 22, 2023 |website = amacad.org }}</ref> and 17 members of the [[American Philosophical Society]].<ref>{{Cite web |title = American Philosophical Society Member Directory |url = https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search |access-date = December 22, 2023 |website = amphilsoc.org }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1 = Lombardi |first1 = John V. |author-link = John V. Lombardi |last2 = Capaldi |first2 = Elizabeth D. |author-link2 = Elizabeth D. Phillips |last3 = Reeves |first3 = Kristy R. |last4 = Gater |first4 = Denise S. |date = December 2004 |title = The Top American Research Universities |url = https://mup.umass.edu/sites/default/files/mup-pdf/MUP-2004-Top-American-Research-Universities-Annual-Report.pdf |url-status = live |journal = The Lombardi Program on Measuring University Performance |location = Amherst and Gainesville |publisher = The Center for Measuring University Performance, UMass Amherst and University of Florida |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190411214604/https://mup.umass.edu/sites/default/files/mup-pdf/MUP-2004-Top-American-Research-Universities-Annual-Report.pdf |archive-date = April 11, 2019 |access-date = March 12, 2020 }}</ref> The university's current and former faculty includes thirteen [[List of University of Michigan faculty and staff#Nobel Laureates|Nobel laureates]], eight [[Pulitzer Prize]] winners, three [[David M. Holland Medal]] winners, and one [[John Bates Clark Medal]] recipient.

Current faculty include physicists [[Mark Newman]], [[Duncan G. Steel]], [[Steven Cundiff]], [[Stephen Forrest]], and [[Gordon Kane]]; mathematicians [[Hyman Bass]], [[Sergey Fomin]], [[William Fulton (mathematician)|William Fulton]], [[Robert Griess]], and [[Melvin Hochster]]; chemist [[Melanie Sanford]]; Pulitzer Prize-winning historian [[Heather Ann Thompson]]; [[National Medal of Science]] recipients [[Huda Akil]] and [[Robert Axelrod (political scientist)|Robert Axelrod]]; biostatistician [[Gonçalo Abecasis]]; philosophers [[Elizabeth S. Anderson]], [[Allan Gibbard]], and [[Peter Railton]]; and social psychologist [[Richard E. Nisbett]]. The faculty also includes feminist legal theorist [[Catharine MacKinnon]], ''[[Strict Scrutiny]]'' co-host [[Leah Litman]], engineer [[James P. Bagian]], and [[A. Galip Ulsoy]], co-inventor of the [[Reconfigurable Manufacturing System]].

Philosophers who were members of the faculty include [[pragmatists]] [[John Dewey]], [[Charles Horton Cooley]], and [[George H. Mead]], along with [[analytic philosophers]] [[William Frankena]] and [[Cooper Harold Langford]]. The faculty included notable writers such as Nobel Prize-winning essayist [[Joseph Brodsky]], Pulitzer Prize-winning poet [[W. H. Auden]], and [[Robert Frost]], the only poet to receive four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry.

Notable faculty in physics have included [[Donald A. Glaser]], the inventor of the [[bubble chamber]]; [[Samuel Goudsmit]] and [[George Uhlenbeck]], discoverers of [[electron spin]]; [[Juris Upatnieks]] and [[Emmett Leith]], inventors of [[3D holography]]; [[Gérard Mourou]], inventor of [[chirped pulse amplification]]; and [[H. Richard Crane]], who was called "one of the most distinguished experimental physicists of the 20th century". [[Wolfgang Pauli]], a pioneer of [[quantum physics]], served as a visiting professor at the university in 1931 and again in 1941. Physicists [[Martin Lewis Perl]] and [[Lawrence W. Jones]] served as co-advisors to Nobel laureate [[Samuel C. C. Ting]] at the university. Perl himself was also awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1995 for his discovery of the [[tau lepton]]. Other distinguished physicists who have served on the faculty include [[Martinus Veltman]], [[Carl Wieman]], and [[Charles H. Townes]]. Notable mathematicians [[Raoul Bott]], [[Richard Brauer]], [[Samuel Eilenberg]] (co-founder of [[category theory]]), [[Frederick Gehring]], [[Herman Goldstine]], and [[Anatol Rapoport]] have all served on the faculty.

In medicine, notable individuals who have served on the faculty include the former director of the [[National Institutes of Health]] [[Francis Collins]], the developer of the [[polio vaccine]] [[Jonas Salk]], Nobel Prize–winning physiologist [[Charles B. Huggins]], co-discoverer of [[Oncovirus|tumour-inducing viruses]] [[Peyton Rous]], geneticist [[James V. Neel]], neuroanatomist [[Elizabeth C. Crosby]], and co-discoverer of [[restriction enzymes]] [[Hamilton O. Smith]].

Past faculty have also included "the founding father of 21st-century sociology" [[Charles Tilly]], social psychologist [[Robert Zajonc]], chemical engineer [[Donald L. Katz]], Supreme Court justice [[Henry Billings Brown]], Pulitzer Prize-winning composer [[Leslie Bassett]], Pulitzer Prize-winning photographer [[David C. Turnley]], Nobel Prize-winning economist [[Lawrence R. Klein]], and [[John Bates Clark Medal]] recipient [[Kenneth E. Boulding]].

<gallery class="center" mode="nolines">
File:Joseph_Brodsky_1988.jpg|[[Joseph Brodsky]]
File:John_Dewey_cph.3a51565.jpg|[[John Dewey]]
File:Charles Townes.jpg|[[Charles H. Townes]]
File:Elizabeth_Caroline_Crosby_(1888-1983)_Ausschnitt.jpg|[[Elizabeth C. Crosby]]
File:Francis_Collins_official_photo.jpg|[[Francis Collins]]
File:Frederick Gehring.jpg|[[Frederick Gehring]]
</gallery>

=== Alumni ===
{{Very long section|date=March 2025}}

{{Main list|List of University of Michigan alumni}}

Michigan alumni include nine [[List of University of Michigan alumni#Nobel laureates|Nobel laureates]],<ref>{{Cite web |title = Alumni |url = http://alumni.umich.edu/about-the-alumni-association |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101111165617/http://alumni.umich.edu/about-the-alumni-association |archive-date = November 11, 2010 |access-date = September 7, 2013 |publisher = University of Michigan }}</ref> two [[Abel Prize]] winners ([[Isadore M. Singer]] and [[Karen Uhlenbeck]]), two [[Fields Medalists]] ([[June Huh]] and [[Stephen Smale]]), 31 [[List of University of Michigan alumni#MacArthur Foundation award winners|MacArthur Fellows]], and 35 [[List of University of Michigan alumni#Pulitzer Prize winners|Pulitzer Prize winners]]. By alumni count, Michigan ranks fifth {{as of|2018|lc=y|post=,}} among all universities whose alumni have won Pulitzers.

====Mathematics and sciences====

[[File:Jerome Karle Portrait.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Jerome Karle]]]]

[[Claude Shannon]],<ref>{{Cite web |date = November 9, 2001 |title = Shannon Statue Dedicated at the University of Michigan |url = http://www.eecs.umich.edu/shannonstatue/ |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100731230211/http://www.eecs.umich.edu/shannonstatue/ |archive-date = July 31, 2010 |access-date = August 29, 2010 |publisher = University of Michigan EECS }}</ref> who laid the foundations of the [[Information Age]], ranks among the most distinguished mathematicians from the university. Two [[Fields Medal|Fields medalists]] [[Stephen Smale]] and [[June Huh]], both completed their Ph.D.s in Mathematics at Michigan. [[Isadore Singer]], the [[Abel Prize]]-winning mathematician who helped prove the [[Atiyah–Singer index theorem]], studied physics at the university during World War II. [[Karen Uhlenbeck]], the first woman to win the Abel Prize, received her bachelor's degree from the university in 1964. [[George Dantzig]], who developed [[linear programming]], studied at Michigan under [[George Yuri Rainich|G.Y. Rainich]], [[R.L. Wilder]], and [[Theophil Henry Hildebrandt|T.H. Hildebrandt]]. Other mathematicians from the university include [[Kenneth Ira Appel]], who, along with [[Wolfgang Haken]], solved the famous [[Four Color Theorem]]; [[Leonard Jimmie Savage]], who was known for his contributions to [[Bayesian statistics]] and [[decision theory]]; and [[Carl R. de Boor]], a renowned mathematician in [[numerical analysis]].

In physics, Nobel laureate [[Samuel C. C. Ting]], who discovered the [[J/ψ particle]], studied under [[Martin Lewis Perl]], another Nobel-winning physicist who discovered the [[tau lepton]], at the university. Chemist [[Jerome Karle]], who revealed molecular structures, completed his Ph.D. in Physics at Michigan in 1943. His wife, [[Isabella Karle]], an alumna, developed techniques to extract [[plutonium chloride]] from [[plutonium oxide]] mixtures. Other alumni include nuclear physicist [[Robert Bacher]], a leader of the [[Manhattan Project]]; [[Richard Smalley]], who discovered [[fullerenes]]; [[Moses Gomberg]], a pioneer in [[radical chemistry]], who later became a professor at the university and taught [[Frank Spedding]], who led the development of the [[Ames process]] in the Manhattan Project.

Alumni in biology and medicine include [[Marshall Warren Nirenberg]], famous for breaking the [[genetic code]], who received his Ph.D. in biochemistry from the university in 1957; [[Stanley Cohen (biochemist)|Stanley Cohen]], who discovered [[growth factors]]; and [[John Jacob Abel]], regarded as the father of [[pharmacology]], who studied under the university's physiologist Henry Sewall in 1883. Other alumni include [[Raymond Pearl]], a founder of [[biogerontology]], and [[David Botstein]], a leader of the [[Human Genome Project]].

Other notable alumni in science include [[Edgar F. Codd]], who developed the [[relational model|relational model of data]] and completed his Ph.D. at Michigan, and computer scientist [[Michael Stonebraker]], who also made contributions to [[database systems|database]] research. Both Codd and Stonebraker are [[Turing Award]] winners.

==== Law and government ====
{{Main list|List of University of Michigan law and government alumni}}

[[File:Gerald Ford at University of Michigan 1976.png|thumb|U.S. President [[Gerald Ford]] wears a "Michigan #1" sweater during the kick-off of Ford's [[1976 United States presidential election|1976 presidential campaign]] at the University of Michigan's campus in [[Ann Arbor]]]]

The university boasts several holders or candidates of the [[United States presidency]], including [[Gerald Ford]],<ref>{{cite web |title = Gerald R. Ford |url = http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000260 |work= Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |accessdate = October 17, 2012 }}</ref> the 38th president and the Republican Party's nominee for president in [[1976 United States presidential election|1976]]; [[Thomas E. Dewey]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.rochester.edu/index.cfm?page=1160|publisher=lib.rochester.edu|title=Dewey, Thomas E. {{pipe}} RBSCP|accessdate=February 23, 2017}}</ref> who was the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]'s nominee for president in both [[1944 United States presidential election|1944]] and [[1948 United States presidential election|1948]]; [[Arthur LeSueur]], a [[Socialist Party of America|Socialist]] candidate for president in [[1916 United States presidential election|1916]]; [[Gilbert Hitchcock]], a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] candidate in [[1928 United States presidential election|1928]]; [[Arthur Vandenberg]], a Republican presidential hopeful in 1948; [[Ben Carson]],<ref>{{cite web |publisher=University of Michigan Alumni Association |title=Ben Carson, MD'77 |url=https://alumni.umich.edu/notable-alumni/ben-carson/ |access-date = March 6, 2017 }}</ref> a Republican candidate in [[Ben Carson 2016 presidential campaign|2016]]; and [[Larry Elder]], a Republican candidate in [[Larry Elder 2024 presidential campaign|2024]]. [[John Worth Kern]] and [[Burton K. Wheeler]] both ran for the [[Vice President of the United States|vice presidency]], with Kern representing the Democratic Party alongside [[William Jennings Bryan]] in [[1908 United States presidential election|1908]], and Wheeler as a [[Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)|Progressive Party]]'s nominee with [[Robert La Follette Sr.]] in [[1924 United States presidential election|1924]].

Among the 23 former [[governors of Michigan]] who hold formal college degrees, 10 are graduates of the university. ([[Woodbridge N. Ferris]] only attended for a year) As of 2021, the university has matriculated 63 [[U.S. governors]] or lieutenant governors, including former Governor of Michigan [[Rick Snyder]],<ref>{{cite web |url = http://votesmart.org/candidate/biography/124011/rick-snyder |title = Governor Rick Snyder's biography |work = Votesmart.org |access-date = July 19, 2013 }}</ref> first female [[lieutenant governor of Missouri]] [[Harriett Woods]], and former [[Governor of California]] [[Culbert Olson]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Culbert L. Olson|url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_california/col2-content/main-content-list/title_olson_culbert.html|publisher=National Governors Association|accessdate=October 23, 2012}}</ref> More than 250 Michigan graduates have served as [[List of University of Michigan legislator alumni|legislators]] as either a [[United States Senator]] (48 graduates) or as a [[United States Representatives|Congressional representative]] (over 215 graduates), including former [[House Majority Leader]] [[Dick Gephardt]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> U.S. Representative [[Justin Amash]].<ref>{{Cite web |title = About Justin Amash |url = http://amashforcongress.com/about |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101125020202/http://amashforcongress.com/about |archive-date = November 25, 2010 |access-date = March 6, 2011 }}</ref> Former [[Los Angeles Mayor]] [[Richard Riordan]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. History: Biographies – Richard J Riordan|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/us-history-biographies/richard-j-riordan|access-date=October 18, 2020|website=encyclopedia.com}}</ref> former [[Chicago Mayor]] [[Lori Lightfoot]],<ref>{{cite web |last1 = Kozlowski |first1 = Kim |last2 = Rahal |first2 = Sarah |title = UM alum Lightfoot to be Chicago's 1st black female mayor |url = https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2019/04/02/um-alum-lightfoot-chicago-1st-black-female-mayor/3342865002/ |website = The Detroit News |access-date = April 4, 2019 |language = en |date = April 2, 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190404001316/https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2019/04/02/um-alum-lightfoot-chicago-1st-black-female-mayor/3342865002/ |archive-date = April 4, 2019 |url-status = live }}</ref> and [[Detroit Mayor]] [[Mike Duggan]]<ref>{{cite web |title = About Mike Duggan |url = https://dugganfordetroit.com/about |website = dugganfordetroit.com |access-date = May 14, 2024 |language = en |date =  }}{{dead link|date=December 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> are also Michigan graduates.

Michigan graduates have held a range of cabinet-level positions, including [[United States Secretary of State]] ([[William Rufus Day]]<ref name="fjc1379896">{{FJC Bio|588|nid=1379896|name=William Rufus Day<!--(1849–1923)-->}}</ref>); [[United States Secretary of the Treasury]] ([[George M. Humphrey]]<ref>{{cite news |title = Corporation Builder; George Magoffin Humphrey |url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1962/08/17/310077412.pdf |access-date = April 26, 2019 |work = [[The New York Times]] |date = August 17, 1962 }}</ref>); [[United States Attorney General]] ([[Harry Micajah Daugherty]]<ref>{{cite book |last = Giglio |title = H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency |page = 3 }}{{full citation needed|date=May 2024}}</ref>); [[United States Secretary of the Interior]] ([[Kenneth Lee Salazar]]<ref>{{cite web |title=SALAZAR, Kenneth Lee |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001163 |work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |accessdate=May 16, 2024 }}</ref>); [[United States Secretary of Agriculture]] ([[Clinton Anderson]],<ref>{{cite web |title=ANDERSON, Clinton Presba |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000186 |work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |accessdate=May 16, 2024 }}</ref> [[Julius Sterling Morton]],<ref>{{cite book |last = Olson |first = James C. |year = 1942 |title = J. Sterling Morton |location =  Lincoln |publisher = Nebraska State Historical Society Foundation |pages = 20–24 }}</ref> [[Arthur M. Hyde]],<ref>{{cite web |title = Arthur Mastick Hyde |url = http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_missouri/col2-content/main-content-list/title_hyde_arthur.html |publisher = National Governors Association |accessdate = October 17, 2012 }}</ref> and [[Dan Glickman]]<ref>[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000240 "GLICKMAN, Daniel Robert (1944–)"], Biographical Information, ''Bioguide,'' U.S. Congress official website, retrieved April 3, 2017.</ref>); [[United States Secretary of Commerce]] ([[Roy D. Chapin]]<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.automotivehalloffame.org/honoree/roy-d-chapin-sr/ |work=Hall of Fame Inductees |title=Roy D. Chapin, Inducted 1972 |publisher=Automotive Hall of Fame |access-date=January 22, 2020}}</ref> and [[Robert P. Lamont]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nydailynews.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-obituary-for-robert-patterson/60017023/ |title=Daily News, February 20, 1948, Page 575. via Newspapers.com, clip page for Obituary for Robert Patterson LAMONT (Aged 80) by user bill1427 |website=nydailynews.newspapers.com |date=February 20, 1948 |access-date=May 16, 2024 |publisher=Daily News }}</ref>); [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] ([[Tom Price (American politician)|Tom Price]]<ref>{{Cite news |url = http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2016/11/29/tom-price/94602446/ |title = Trump's pick for health chief is a Lansing native |work = The Detroit News |access-date = March 6, 2017 }}</ref>); and Director of the [[United States Office of Management and Budget]] ([[Rob Portman]]<ref name="bioguidep000449">{{cite web |url = http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=p000449 |title = PORTMAN, Robert Jones (Rob) – Biographical Information |website = [[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]] |publisher = [[United States Congress]] }}</ref>). Multiple alumni served in the judicial branch of the U.S. government, including William Rufus Day,<ref name="fjc1379896"/> [[Frank Murphy]],<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.law.umich.edu/newsandinfo/lqn/pasteditions/winter2005/Documents/murphy.pdf |title = University of Michigan Law Quadrangle Notes on Frank Murphy. |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090327184102/http://www.law.umich.edu/newsandinfo/lqn/pasteditions/winter2005/Documents/murphy.pdf |archive-date = March 27, 2009 |url-status = dead |df = mdy }}</ref> and [[George Sutherland]],<ref>{{cite book |last = Paschal |first = Joel Francis  |title = Mr. Justice Sutherland: A Man Against the State |location = Princeton, New Jersey |publisher = Princeton University Press |year = 1951 |pages = 5–20 }}</ref> all of whom served as [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court justices]]. As of 2019, the university has placed onto various State Supreme Courts over 125 graduates, 40 of whom served as Chief Justice.

Foreign alumni include the [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] ([[Lawrence Wong]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Lawrence Wong |url = http://www.pmo.gov.sg/cabinet/mr-lawrence-wong |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150820131421/http://www.pmo.gov.sg/cabinet/mr-lawrence-wong |archive-date = August 20, 2015 |access-date = August 18, 2015 |website = Prime Minister's Office Singapore }}</ref>); the current ruler of the [[Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah]] ([[Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi]]<ref>{{cite web |title = H.H. Sheikh Saud Bin Saqr Al Qassimi – Biography |url = https://marcopolis.net/h-h-sheikh-saud-bin-saqr-al-qassimi-biography.htm |access-date = November 30, 2021 |website = marcopolis.net |date = September 17, 2008 |language = en-gb }}</ref>); the 51st [[Prime Minister of Italy]] ([[Lamberto Dini]]); the [[Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda]] 1994–2004 ([[Lester Bird]]); the 47th [[President of Costa Rica]] ([[Luis Guillermo Solís]]); the [[Prime Minister of Peru]] 1993–1994 ([[Alfonso Bustamante]]); the [[Prime Minister of Jordan]] 2012–2016 ([[Abdullah Ensour]]<ref>{{cite news |title = Jordan PM CV |url = http://www.pm.gov.jo/english/index.php?page_type=pages&part=1&page_id=428 }}</ref>); the 13th [[President of Pakistan]] ([[Arif Alvi]]<ref>{{cite news |title = The cleric, the lawyer and the partyman |url = https://tribune.com.pk/story/1794826/1-presidential-election-cleric-lawyer-partyman/ |access-date = September 4, 2018 |work = The Express Tribune |date = September 4, 2018 |archive-date = December 25, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181225211324/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1794826/1-presidential-election-cleric-lawyer-partyman/ |url-status = live }}</ref>); [[Chief Secretary of Hong Kong]] 2007–2011 ([[Henry Tang Ying-yen]]<ref>{{cite web |publisher = University of Michigan Alumni Association |title = Alumni Spotlight |url = http://alumni.umich.edu/node/807 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100609130605/http://alumni.umich.edu/node/807 |archive-date = June 9, 2010 }}</ref>); [[Deputy Prime Minister of South Korea]] 2017–2018 ([[Kim Dong-yeon]]); [[Deputy Prime Minister of Bulgaria]] in the government of Boyko Borisov ([[Simeon Djankov]]); Deputy Prime Minister of [[Madagascar]] 1997–1998 ([[Herizo Razafimahaleo]]). British [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]] [[Terry Davis (politician)|Terry Davis]] and [[Howard Flight]] are also Michigan graduates. As of 2022, Michigan has matriculated 64 Ambassadors who served as Ambassador in more than 72 countries.

==== Engineering and technology ====
{{Main list|List of University of Michigan alumni#Computers, engineering, and technology}}

Many alumni have made significant contributions to the fields of engineering and technology, including [[Clarence "Kelly" Johnson]]<ref>{{Cite web |title = Biographical Memoirs-Clarence Leonard (kelly) Johnson |url = http://www.nap.edu/readingroom.php?book=biomems&page=cjohnson.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110218171958/http://www.nap.edu/readingroom.php?book=biomems&page=cjohnson.html |archive-date = February 18, 2011 |access-date = August 31, 2010 |publisher = The National Academies Press }}</ref> and [[Joseph Francis Shea]], a key figure in the [[Apollo program]], earned his Ph.D. in 1955. The university produced numerous developers and original authors of widely recognized software programs, such as [[Thomas Knoll]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://alumni.umich.edu/timeline/thomas-knoll/ |title=THOMAS KNOLL, 1982, MSE'84 |accessdate=2017-01-17}}</ref> (original author of [[Adobe Photoshop]]); [[Mike Engelhardt]]<ref>[https://www.linkedin.com/in/mike-engelhardt-a788a822 Mike Engelhardt; LinkedIn.]</ref> (original author of [[LTspice]]); [[Niels Provos]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Provos|first=Niels|url=https://www.provos.org/|accessdate=22 January 2023|title=Provos' official web page}}</ref> (creator of [[Bcrypt]]); and [[Sid Meier]]<ref>{{cite web| url= http://eecs.umich.edu/meier-bootcamp/details.html |title=Sid Meier's Game Design Boot Camp at the University of Michigan |website =Eecs.umich.edu |access-date=August 25, 2013}}</ref> (creator of video games series [[Civilization (series)|Civilization]]).

==== Business and finance ====
{{Main list|List of University of Michigan business alumni}}

[[File:George_Franklin_Getty_(1855-1930).jpg|thumb|upright|[[George Getty]], patriarch of the [[Getty family]], earned his juris doctor from the [[University of Michigan Law School|law school]] in 1882]]

Michigan alumni have founded or cofounded many prominent companies, such as [[Alphabet Inc.]] ([[Larry Page]]<ref>{{Cite web |title = Corporate Information – Google Management: Larry Page |url = https://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/execs.html#larry |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100820212225/http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/execs.html#larry |archive-date = August 20, 2010 |access-date = August 29, 2010 |publisher = Google, Inc. }}</ref>), [[Johnson & Johnson]] ([[Edward Mead Johnson]]<ref>Raithel, Tom. [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14170585.html "BABY, YOU'VE COME A LONG WAY MEAD JOHNSON GOING STRONG AS IT TURNS 100"]{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, ''[[Evansville Courier & Press]]'', February 10, 2005. Accessed September 1, 2010.</ref>), [[Abbott Laboratories]] (Wallace Calvin Abbott), [[Stryker Corporation]] ([[Homer Stryker]]<ref>{{Cite web |title = University of Michigan Alumni Innovator Hall of Fame |url = https://medicine.umich.edu/dept/surgery/about-us/history |access-date = May 12, 2024 |publisher = UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY }}</ref>), [[Emerson Electric Company]] ([[John Wesley Emerson]]), [[Loews Corporation]] ([[Preston Robert Tisch]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Tisch family members continue tradition of support |url = https://record.umich.edu/articles/tisch-family-members-continue-tradition-support/ |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = record.umich.edu |publisher = Office of the Vice President for Communications }}</ref>), [[Devon Energy]] ([[J. Larry Nichols]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://journalrecord.com/2007/06/19/the-century-club-j-larry-nichols/ | title=The Century Club: J. Larry Nichols | first=Marcia | last=Shottenkirk | work=[[The Journal Record]] | date=June 19, 2007}}{{subscription required}}</ref>), [[Merrill Lynch]] ([[Charles Edward Merrill]]<ref>{{cite web |title = As Markets Falter, Merrill Lynch Sold: Recalling Charles Merrill's Amherst Ties |url = https://amherststudent-archive.amherst.edu/current/news/view.php%3Fyear=2008-2009&issue=03&section=news&article=02.html |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = amherststudent-archive.amherst.edu |publisher = The Amherst Student }}</ref>), [[Leidos]] as SAIC ([[John Robert Beyster|J. Robert Beyster]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1 = Beyster |first1 = J. Robert |title = The SAIC solution: How we built an $8 billion employee-owned technology company |last2 = Economy |first2 = Peter |date = 2007 |publisher = John Wiley & Sons |isbn = 978-0-470-09752-6 |location = Hoboken |pages = 190–191 |oclc = 76820653 |author-link = J. Robert Beyster |author-link2 = Peter Economy }}</ref>), [[Rocket Mortgage]] ([[Gary Gilbert]]<ref>{{cite web |title = This kid is all right |url = https://michigantoday.umich.edu/2012/04/19/a8206/ |date =  April 19, 2012|access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = michigantoday.umich.edu |publisher = Office of the VP for Communications }}</ref>), [[Domino's]] ([[Tom Monaghan]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Tom Monaghan, x'60 |url = https://alumni.umich.edu/notable-alumni/tom-monaghan/ |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = alumni.umich.edu |publisher = Alumni Association of the University of Michigan }}</ref>), [[H&R Block]] ([[Henry W. Bloch]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Henry W. Bloch, '44, HLLD'05 |url = https://alumni.umich.edu/notable-alumni/henry-w-bloch/ |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = alumni.umich.edu |publisher = Alumni Association of the University of Michigan }}</ref>), [[Related Companies]] ([[Stephen M. Ross]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Stephen M. Ross – Leader, Visionary, Philanthropist, Wolverine. |url = https://michiganross.umich.edu/alumni/stephen-m-ross |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = michiganross.umich.edu |publisher = Stephen M. Ross School of Business }}</ref>), [[Admiral Group]] ([[Henry Engelhardt]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Henry Engelhardt – Chief Executive Officer, Admiral Group |url = https://www.forbes.com/profile/henry-engelhardt/ |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = [[Forbes]] }}</ref>), [[Akamai Technologies]] ([[Randall Kaplan]]), [[Five Guys|Five Guys Enterprises]] (Jerry Murrell<ref>{{cite web |title = Five Guys Burgers: America's Fastest Growing Restaurant Chain |url = https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2012/0806/restaurant-chefs-12-five-guys-jerry-murrell-all-in-the-family.html |date = July 18, 2012 |access-date = May 11, 2024 |website = [[Forbes]] }}</ref>
), [[Dart Container Corporation]] (William A. Dart<ref>{{cite web |title = Dart Container family, Detroit Free Press, June 29, 1992 p. 11F |url = https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-dart-container-family/17379017/ |date = June 29, 1992 |access-date = May 14, 2024 |website = newspapers.com |publisher = Detroit Free Press }}</ref>), and [[Groupon]] ([[Eric Lefkofsky]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Eric Lefkofsky, '91, JD'93 |url = https://alumni.umich.edu/notable-alumni/eric-lefkofsky/ |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = alumni.umich.edu |publisher = Alumni Association of the University of Michigan }}</ref> and [[Brad Keywell]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Bradley A. Keywell |url = https://zli.umich.edu/people/bradley-a-keywell/ |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = zli.umich.edu |publisher = Samuel Zell and Robert H. Lurie Institute for Entrepreneurial Studies }}</ref>)

The university counts several patriarchs of influential business dynasties, including [[George Getty]] of the renowned [[Getty family]]. The university also boasts a number of graduates from affluent families, including heirs and heiresses to major fortunes, such as [[Josiah K. Lilly Jr.]] (heir to [[Eli Lilly and Company]]); [[Charles Rudolph Walgreen Jr.]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Great American Business Leaders of the 20th Century – Charles R. Walgreen, Jr. – WALGREEN COMPANY |url = https://www.hbs.edu/leadership/20th-century-leaders/details?profile=charles_r_walgreen_jr |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = hbs.edu |publisher = Harvard Business School }}</ref> (heir to [[Walgreens Boots Alliance|Walgreens]]); [[John Gideon Searle]] (heir to [[G.D. Searle, LLC|G. D. Searle]]); [[Doug Meijer]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Douglas F. Meijer, '76 |url = https://alumni.umich.edu/notable-alumni/douglas-f-meijer/ |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = alumni.umich.edu |publisher = Alumni Association of the University of Michigan }}</ref> and [[Hank Meijer]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Hendrik G. "Hank" Meijer, '73, HLLD'19 |url = https://alumni.umich.edu/notable-alumni/hendrik-g-hank-meijer/ |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = alumni.umich.edu |publisher = Alumni Association of the University of Michigan }}</ref> (heirs to [[Meijer]]); [[Christopher Ilitch]] (heir to [[Ilitch Holdings, Inc.]]); and [[Kenneth Dart|Kenneth B. Dart]] (heir to [[Dart Container Corporation]]). [[Raoul Wallenberg]], a member of the prominent [[Wallenberg family]], one of the [[List of wealthiest families|wealthiest families in the world]], studied at the university in 1931.<ref name=ROB>{{cite web |url= http://www.raoulwallenberg.org/who/hero.html |title=A Hero for our Time |access-date= 12 February 2007 |first= Rachel |last= Oestreicher Bernheim | year= 1981 | website= raoulwallenberg.org | publisher= The Raoul Wallenberg Committee of the United States |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070206125138/http://www.raoulwallenberg.org/who/hero.html |archive-date = 6 February 2007|author-link=Rachel Oestreicher Bernheim }}</ref>

As of May 2024, about 2.8% of all [[Fortune 1000]] executives with MBAs are alumni from [[Michigan Ross]], ranking it as the 6th highest among all business schools in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |last1=FORE |first1=BYPRESTON |last2=HAFT |first2=BRAD |title = What's the best MBA school? These schools produce the most Fortune 1000 c-suite executives |url = https://fortune.com/education/articles/fortune-1000-executives-mba-alma-mater/ |date =  |access-date = June 1, 2024 |website = fortune.com |publisher = Fortune Media IP Limited }}</ref><ref name="ross-fortune1000-2024"/> Alumni have led several companies, including [[Berkshire Hathaway]] ([[Charlie Munger]]<ref name="munger2011">{{cite web |title = Munger's $20M Gift |url = https://www.law.umich.edu/quadrangle/spring2011/specialfeatures/Pages/Mungers20MGift.aspx |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = law.umich.edu |publisher = The University of Michigan Law School }}</ref>), [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] ([[James Hackett (businessman)|James Hackett]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Jim Hackett, longtime Ford School Committee member, appointed interim athletic director |url=https://fordschool.umich.edu/news/2014/jim-hackett-longtime-ford-school-committee-member-appointed-interim-athletic-director |website=fordschool.umich.edu |date=November 3, 2014 |access-date = May 16, 2024 |publisher=Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy }}</ref>), [[General Motors]] ([[Roger Smith (executive)|Roger Smith]], [[Frederick Henderson]], and Richard C. Gerstenberg<ref>{{cite web |title=Richard C. Gerstenberg, 92, G.M. Official |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/26/business/richard-c-gerstenberg-92-gm-official.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 26, 2002 |access-date=June 11, 2024 }}</ref>), [[State Farm Insurance]] (Jon Farney<ref>{{cite web |title = State Farm® announces new leadership |url = https://newsroom.statefarm.com/state-farm-new-ceo/ |date = March 14, 2024 |access-date = May 11, 2024 |website = newsroom.statefarm.com |publisher = State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company }}</ref>), [[Citigroup]] ([[John C. Dugan]]<ref>{{cite web |title=John Cunningham Dugan – Department of the Treasury |url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/results/leadership/bio_1025.html |access-date=May 16, 2024 |website=georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov}}</ref>), [[Tencent]] (Martin Lau<ref>{{cite web |title = Martin Lau, '94 |url = https://alumni.umich.edu/notable-alumni/martin-lau/ |date =  |access-date = May 11, 2024 |website = alumni.umich.edu |publisher = Alumni Association of the University of Michigan }}</ref>), [[The Boeing Company]] ([[Edgar Gott]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Edgar N. Gott, 1909 |url = https://alumni.umich.edu/notable-alumni/edgar-n-gott/ |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = alumni.umich.edu |publisher = Alumni Association of the University of Michigan }}</ref>), [[Wells Fargo]] ([[Timothy J. Sloan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wellsfargo.com/about/corporate/governance/sloan/|title=Timothy J. Sloan Biography : President, and CEO : Wells Fargo|website=Wellsfargo.com|accessdate=2016-10-17|archive-date=March 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328230855/https://www.wellsfargo.com/about/corporate/governance/sloan/|url-status=dead}}</ref>), [[Allstate|Allstate Corp.]] ([[Thomas J. Wilson]]<ref name="ross-fortune1000-2024">{{Cite web |title = University of Michigan Produces More CEOs at Fortune 1000 Companies Than Any Other Public University |url = https://michiganross.umich.edu/news/university-michigan-produces-more-ceos-fortune-1000-companies-any-other-public-university |access-date = May 12, 2024 |publisher = Stephen M. Ross School of Business }}</ref>), [[American Airlines Group|American Airlines]] ([[Robert Isom]]<ref name="ross-fortune1000-2024"/>), [[PNC Financial Services]] ([[William S. Demchak]]<ref>{{cite web|title=William S. Demchak Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer The PNC Financial Services Group|url=https://www.pnc.com/en/about-pnc/company-profile/leadership-team/william-s-demchak.html|publisher=PNC|accessdate=14 April 2015}}</ref>), [[General Mills]] ([[Stephen Sanger]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/01_13/b3725119.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011116203403/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/01_13/b3725119.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=November 16, 2001 | title=The Lucky Charm of Steve Sanger | accessdate=December 4, 2010 | date=March 26, 2001 | publisher=BusinessWeek}}</ref>), [[Turkish Airlines]] ([[Temel Kotil]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Hawk and dove – President & CEO, Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) |url = https://thebusinessyear.com/interview/hawk-and-dove/ |date =  January 9, 2020|access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = thebusinessyear.com |publisher = thebusinessyear }}</ref>), [[International Paper]] ([[John V. Faraci]]<ref>{{Cite web |title = John V. Faraci Jr., 1972 |url = https://alumni.denison.edu/citations/john-v-faraci-jr/ |access-date = June 28, 2024 |publisher = Denison University }}</ref>), [[KB Financial Group]] ([[Euh Yoon-dae]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Prominent Korean executive and educator Dr. Yoon-Dae Euh speaks on Korea's economy |website=hawaii.edu |url=https://www.hawaii.edu/news/attachments/pdf6633_4282.pdf |accessdate=2024-06-28 }}</ref>), [[Chrysler Group LLC]] ([[C. Robert Kidder]]<ref>{{cite web |first1 = Kenneth N. |last1 = Gilpin |first2 = Eric |last2 = Schmitt |title = BUSINESS PEOPLE; Kidder, Peabody Officer Named to Merrill Post |url = https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/17/business/business-people-kidder-peabody-officer-named-to-merrill-post.html |date = January 17, 1986 |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = [[The New York Times]] }}</ref>), [[BorgWarner Inc.]] ([[Timothy M. Manganello]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Significant endowment from Manganello/BorgWarner |url = https://me.engin.umich.edu/news-events/news/significant-endowment-manganelloborgwarner/ |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = me.engin.umich.edu |publisher = MECHANICAL ENGINEERING }}</ref>), [[Bunzl]] ([[Michael Roney]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.linkedin.com/pub/michael-roney/11/0/648 |title=Michael Roney: Chief Executive Officer at Bunzl |publisher=LinkedIn |date= |accessdate=November 16, 2012}}</ref>), [[Celanese]] ([[David N. Weidman]]<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=CEO Compensation #132 David N Weidman|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2012/12/ceo-compensation-12_David-N-Weidman_6YPV.html|website=Forbes.com|access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref>), [[JetBlue]] ([[Dave Barger]]<ref>{{cite web |title = David Barger, '17 |url = https://alumni.umich.edu/notable-alumni/david-barger/ |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = alumni.umich.edu |publisher = Alumni Association of the University of Michigan }}</ref>), [[Restaurant Brands International]] ([[J. Patrick Doyle]]<ref>{{cite web |title = J. Patrick Doyle |url = https://www.rbi.com/English/about-us/board-of-directors/person-details/ |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = rbi.com |publisher = Restaurant Brands International Inc. }}</ref>), and [[Bain Capital]] ([[Edward Conard]]<ref>{{cite web |title = The Upside of Inequality: How Good Intentions Undermine the Middle Class |url = https://michigantoday.umich.edu/alumni/books/the-upside-of-inequality-how-good-intentions-undermine-the-middle-class/ |date =  |access-date = May 12, 2024 |website = michigantoday.umich.edu |publisher = Office of the VP for Communications }}</ref>).

==== Literature ====

Notable writers who attended the university include playwright [[Arthur Miller]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni">{{Cite web |title = Famous U-M Alumni |url = http://alumni.umich.edu/info/um/famous_alumni_abc.php |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100712122532/http://alumni.umich.edu/info/um/famous_alumni_abc.php |archive-date = July 12, 2010 |access-date = August 29, 2010 |publisher = Alumni Association University of Michigan }}</ref> essayists [[Susan Orlean]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> [[Jia Tolentino]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |title = Jia Tolentino |url = https://www.newyorker.com/contributors/jia-tolentino |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180205193408/https://www.newyorker.com/contributors/jia-tolentino |archive-date = February 5, 2018 |access-date = November 21, 2020 |magazine = The New Yorker |language = en }}</ref> [[Sven Birkerts]], journalists and editors [[Mike Wallace]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> [[Jonathan Chait]] of ''[[The New Republic]]'', Indian author and columnist [[Anees Jung]], [[Daniel Okrent]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> and [[Sandra Steingraber]], food critics [[Ruth Reichl]] and [[Gael Greene]], novelists [[Brett Ellen Block]], [[Elizabeth Kostova]], [[Marge Piercy]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> [[Brad Meltzer]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> [[Betty Smith]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> and [[Charles Major (writer)|Charles Major]], screenwriter [[Judith Guest]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> Pulitzer Prize-winning poet [[Theodore Roethke]], National Book Award winners [[Keith Waldrop]] and [[Jesmyn Ward]], composer/author/puppeteer [[Forman Brown]], [[Alireza Jafarzadeh]] (a Middle East analyst, author, and TV commentator), and memoirist and self-help book author [[Jerry and Mary Newport|Jerry Newport]].

==== Music and theatre ====

Musical graduates include operatic soprano [[Jessye Norman]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> singer [[Joe Dassin]], multiple members of the bands [[Tally Hall]] and [[Vulfpeck]], jazz guitarist [[Randy Napoleon]], and [[Mannheim Steamroller]] founder [[Chip Davis]].<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> Well-known composers who are alumni include [[Frank Ticheli]], [[Andrew Lippa]], and the Oscar and Tony Award-winning duo [[Pasek and Paul|Benj Pasek and Justin Paul]]. Pop superstar [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]]<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> and rock legend [[Iggy Pop]]<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> attended but did not graduate.

In [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]], famous alumni include actors [[Michael Dunn (actor)|Michael Dunn]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> [[Darren Criss]], [[James Earl Jones]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> and [[David Alan Grier]];<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> actresses [[Lucy Liu]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> [[Gilda Radner]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> and [[Selma Blair]]<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> as well as television director [[Mark Cendrowski]] and filmmaker [[Lawrence Kasdan]].<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> Many Broadway and musical theatre actors, including [[Gavin Creel]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> [[Andrew Keenan-Bolger]], his sister [[Celia Keenan-Bolger]], and [[Taylor Louderman]] attended U-M for musical theatre. Emmy Award winner [[Sanjay Gupta]] attended both college and medical school at the university.<ref>{{Cite news |title = Sanjay Gupta |url = http://www.cnn.com/CNN/anchors_reporters/gupta.sanjay.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101019021301/http://www.cnn.com/CNN/anchors_reporters/gupta.sanjay.html |archive-date = October 19, 2010 |access-date = August 31, 2010 |agency = CNN }}</ref> Conservative pundit [[Ann Coulter]] is another U-M law school graduate (J.D. 1988).<ref name="Famous UM alumni" />
{{clear}}

==== Sports ====

U-M athletes have starred in [[Major League Baseball]], the [[National Football League]] and [[National Basketball Association]] as well as in other professional sports. Notable among recent players is [[Tom Brady]] of the [[New England Patriots]] and the [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]].<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> Three players have won college football's [[Heisman Trophy]], awarded to the player considered the best in the nation: [[Tom Harmon]] (1940), [[Desmond Howard]] (1991), and [[Charles Woodson]] (1997).<ref name="Heisman" /> Professional golfer [[John Schroeder (golfer)|John Schroeder]] and Olympic swimmer [[Michael Phelps]] also attended the University of Michigan; the latter studied Sports Marketing and Management. Phelps also swam competitively for [[Michigan Wolverines swimming and diving#Club Wolverine|Club Wolverine]], a swimming club associated with the university.<ref>{{Cite news |last = Michaelis |first = Vicki |date = February 13, 2007 |title = Phelps' dominant pool dream still alive |url = https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2007-02-12-phelps-focus_x.htm |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081012101644/http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2007-02-12-phelps-focus_x.htm |archive-date = October 12, 2008 |access-date = October 25, 2008 |work = USA Today }}</ref> Israeli Olympic swimmer [[Gal Cohen Groumi]] has also competed for the Wolverines. The [[Canada women's national soccer team|Canada national team]]'s [[Shelina Zadorsky]] played soccer at the University of Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Shelina Zadorsky – Women's Soccer |url = https://mgoblue.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/shelina-zadorsky/10544 |access-date = December 9, 2023 |website = University of Michigan Athletics |language = en }}</ref>

[[National Hockey League]] players [[Marty Turco]], [[Luke Hughes (ice hockey)|Luke Hughes]], [[Quinn Hughes]], [[Chris Summers (ice hockey)|Chris Summers]], [[Max Pacioretty]], [[Carl Hagelin]], [[Dylan Larkin]], [[Zach Hyman]], [[Brendan Morrison]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> [[Jack Johnson (ice hockey)|Jack Johnson]], and [[Michael Cammalleri]]<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> all played for U-M's ice hockey team. MLB Hall of Famers [[George Sisler]] and [[Barry Larkin]] also played baseball at the university.<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> Several team owners have been alumni, including multiple-team owner [[Bill Davidson (businessman)|Bill Davidson]] (NBA [[Detroit Pistons]], NHL [[Tampa Bay Lightning]], WNBA [[Detroit Shock]], among others) and NFL owners [[Stephen M. Ross]] ([[Miami Dolphins]]), [[Preston Robert Tisch]] ([[New York Giants]]), and [[Ralph Wilson]] ([[Buffalo Bills]]).

==== Activists and humanitarians ====

Activists associated with the university include [[Weather Underground]] radical activist [[Bill Ayers]],<ref>{{Cite book |last = Ayers |first = Bill |title = Fugitive Days: A Memoir |publisher = New York: Penguin Books |year = 2003 |isbn = 0-8070-7124-2 }}</ref> activist [[Tom Hayden]],<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /> architect [[Charles Willard Moore|Charles Moore]],<ref>{{Cite web |title = Who |url = http://www.charlesmoore.org/who.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081026014641/http://www.charlesmoore.org/who.html |archive-date = October 26, 2008 |access-date = October 26, 2008 |publisher = Charles Moore Foundation }}</ref> [[Swedes|Swedish]] hero of the Holocaust [[Raoul Wallenberg]],<ref>{{Cite web |last = Schreiber |first = Penny |title = The Wallenberg Story |url = http://wallenberg.umich.edu/raoul-wallenberg/the-story-of-raoul-wallenberg/college-life/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140713122043/http://wallenberg.umich.edu/raoul-wallenberg/the-story-of-raoul-wallenberg/college-life/ |archive-date = July 13, 2014 |access-date = February 14, 2007 |publisher = The Wallenberg Foundation (University of Michigan) }}</ref> Civil War General [[Benjamin D. Pritchard]],<ref>{{Cite book |last = Greenm James J. |title = The Life and Times of General B. D. Pritchard |publisher = Allegan: Allegan County Historical Society |year = 1979 |page = 2 }}</ref> assisted-suicide advocate [[Jack Kevorkian]], and domestic eco-terrorist [[Ted Kaczynski]] (The Unabomber).

==== Exploration ====

Several astronauts attended Michigan including the all-U-M crews of both [[Gemini 4]]<ref>{{Cite book |last = Shayler |first = David |title = Gemini |publisher = Springer |year = 2001 |isbn = 1-85233-405-3 |page = 103 }}</ref> and [[Apollo 15]].<ref name="Graboski 2006" /> The university claims the only alumni association with a chapter on the Moon, established in 1971 when the crew of [[Apollo 15]] placed a charter plaque for a new U-M Alumni Association on the lunar surface.<ref name="Famous UM alumni" /><ref name="Graboski 2006">{{Cite news |last = Graboski |first = Leah |date = March 29, 2006 |title = Debunking the moon myth |url = https://www.michigandaily.com/content/debunking-moon-myth |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200103005913/https://www.michigandaily.com/content/debunking-moon-myth |archive-date = January 3, 2020 |access-date = March 13, 2020 |work = [[The Michigan Daily]] |language = en }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
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* {{cite book|last1=Dykes|first1=De Witt S. Jr.|editor-last1=Smith|editor-first1=Jessie Carney|title=Notable Black American Women, Book II|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ssMBzqrUpjwC&pg=PA496|year=1996|publisher=International Thomson Publishing Company, Gale Research, Inc. |location=New York, New York|isbn=978-0-8103-9177-2|chapter=Ida Gray Nelson Rollins (1867-1953)|pages=496–497}}
* {{Cite journal |last = Hebel |first = Sara |date = October 15, 2004 |title = State Regents: Should They Be Elected or Appointed? |url = http://chronicle.com/weekly/v51/i08/08a00101.htm |journal = The Chronicle of Higher Education |volume = 51 |issue = 8 |pages = A1 }}
* {{Cite book |last = Hinsdale |first = Burke A. |url = https://archive.org/details/historyuniversi01hinsgoog |title = History of the University of Michigan |publisher = University of Michigan |year = 1906 |editor-last = Demmon |editor-first = Isaac |access-date = August 16, 2007 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Fedynsky |first=John |date=13 November 2001 |title=What's in a name? |journal=Res Gestae (Student Newspaper of the University of Michigan Law School) |volume=52 |issue=5 |pages=1, 4–5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209080802/https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1147&context=res_gestae |archive-date=2024-02-09 |url=https://repository.law.umich.edu/res_gestae/148/ |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite web |last = Massachusetts Moments |date = November 25, 2006 |title = Alice Freeman and George Herbert Palmer Marry December 23, 1887 |url = http://www.massmoments.org/moment.cfm?mid=367 |access-date = February 10, 2017 |publisher = Massachusetts Foundation for the Humanities }}
* {{Cite book |last = Pitcher |first = Zina |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=i5o-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 |title = Laws and Regulations of the American Medical Association, With a Sketch of Detroit, and a Brief History of the University of Michigan, and of the Development of the Resources of the State |publisher = R. F. Johnstone & Company |year = 1856 |location = Detroit }}
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== Further reading ==
* Dodge, Samuel (Nov. 14, 2022). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20221126231714/https://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/2022/11/10-remnants-of-the-university-of-michigans-lost-campus.html 10 remnants of the University of Michigan’s ‘lost campus’]". MLive.com. Archived from the [https://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/2022/11/10-remnants-of-the-university-of-michigans-lost-campus.html original]. 
* Peckham, Howard H., Margaret L. Steneck, and Nicholas H. Steneck. ''The Making of the University of Michigan, 1817–1992''. 175th anniversary ed., University of Michigan Press, 1994. {{ISBN|978-0472095940}}
* Tobin, James. ''Sing to the Colors: A Writer Explores Two Centuries at the University of Michigan''. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, 2021. {{doi|10.3998/mpub.11721765}}. {{ISBN|978-0472038572}}.

== External links ==
{{Commons|University of Michigan}}
{{Wikiquote|University of Michigan}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.mgoblue.com/ University of Michigan Athletics website]{{Wikisource-inline|list=
** {{cite EB1922 |last=Shaw|first=W. B.|wstitle=Michigan, University of|short=x|noicon=x}}
** {{cite Collier's|wstitle=Michigan, University of|short=x|noicon=x}}
** {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Michigan, University of|short=x|noicon=x}}
** {{cite NIE |wstitle=Michigan, University of |short=x |noicon=x}}
** {{cite AmCyc |wstitle=Michigan, University of |short=x |noicon=x}}
}}

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