Editing University of Minnesota

{{Short description|Public university in Minnesota, U.S.}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{about|the campus in the Twin Cities|the entire system|University of Minnesota system}}
{{Infobox university
 | name                   = University of Minnesota Twin Cities
 | image                  = Seal of the University of Minnesota.svg
 | image_upright          = 0.7
 | other_name             = University of Minnesota; U of M; UMN
 | motto                  = {{Lang|la|Commune vinculum omnibus artibus}} ([[Latin]])
 | mottoeng               = "A common bond for all the arts"
 | type                   = [[Public university|Public]] [[Land-grant university|land-grant]] [[research university]]
 | established            = {{start date and age|1851}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://regents.umn.edu/sites/regents.umn.edu/files/policies/Seal_Policy.pdf |title=Board of Regents Policy |publisher=University of Minnesota |access-date=August 31, 2015 |archive-date=May 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508131147/http://regents.umn.edu/sites/regents.umn.edu/files/policies/Seal_Policy.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
 | accreditation          = [[Higher Learning Commission|HLC]]
 | academic_affiliations  = {{hlist
| [[Association of American Universities|AAU]]|[[Coalition of Urban and Metropolitan Universities|CUMU]]
| [[Universities Research Association|URA]]|
| [[National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program|Space-grant]]
}}
 | parent                 = [[University of Minnesota System]]
 | endowment              = $5.501 billion (system-wide, 2023)<ref name=NACUBO>{{Cite web|title=U.S. and Canadian 2023 NCSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2023 Endowment Market Value, Change in Market Value from FY22 to FY23, and FY23 Endowment Market Values Per Full-time Equivalent Student |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO) |url=https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/nacubo1-nacubo-prd-dc8b/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2023-NCSE-Endowment-Market-Values-FINAL.xlsx |date=2023 |access-date= January 4, 2025 |format=Excel}}</ref>
 | budget                 = $4.5 billion (system-wide, 2024)<ref>For Minnesota State Fiscal Year 2024 {{cite web |url=https://finance.umn.edu/budget |title=University Budget and University Finance |publisher=University of Minnesota |access-date=March 26, 2024 |archive-date=March 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310060027/https://finance.umn.edu/budget |url-status=live}}</ref>
 | president              = [[Rebecca Miriam Cunningham|Rebecca Cunningham]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://president.umn.edu/ |url-status=live |archive-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701143732/https://president.umn.edu/ |website=president.umn.edu |language=en |access-date=July 1, 2024 |title=Office of the President}}</ref>
 | provost                = [[Rachel Croson]]
 | academic_staff         = 4,926 (fall 2024)<ref name=headcount>{{cite web |url=https://idr.umn.edu/reports-by-topic-faculty-staff/faculty-and-staff-headcounts |access-date=March 26, 2024 |title=University of Minnesota: Faculty and Staff Headcounts |publisher=University of Minnesota Office of Institutional Data and Research |archive-date=March 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313221930/https://idr.umn.edu/reports-by-topic-faculty-staff/faculty-and-staff-headcounts |url-status=live}}</ref>
 | total_staff            = 28,130 (fall 2024)<ref name=headcount />
 | students               = 56,666 (fall 2024)<ref name=enrollment>{{cite web |url=https://idr.umn.edu/reports-by-topic-enrollment/enrollments |title=Official Enrollment Statistics |publisher=University of Minnesota |access-date=March 26, 2024 |archive-date=January 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116194754/https://idr.umn.edu/reports-by-topic-enrollment/enrollments |url-status=live}}</ref>
 | undergrad              = 31,855 (fall 2024)<ref name=enrollment />
 | postgrad               = 11,255 (fall 2024)<ref name=enrollment />
 | doctoral               = 5,658 (fall 2023)<ref name=doctoral>{{cite web |url=https://apps.grad.umn.edu/stats/en/grad.shtml |title=All University of Minnesota Graduate Enrollment |publisher=University of Minnesota |access-date=January 4, 2025}}</ref>
 | other                  = 9,670 (fall 2024)<ref name=enrollment />
 | city                   = [[Minneapolis]]-[[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]]
 | state                  = [[Minnesota]]
 | country                = United States
 | coordinates            = {{coord|44|58|30|N|93|14|07|W|region:US-MN_type:edu_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | campus                 = Large city<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=Minnesota&s=all&id=174066 |title=College Navigator – University of Minnesota-Twin Cities |website=nces.ed.gov |access-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107125817/https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=Minnesota&s=all&id=174066 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 | campus_size            = {{cvt|2730|acre|ha}}
 | colors                 = Maroon and gold<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Brand: How to Convey It |url=https://university-relations.umn.edu/resources/colors-and-type |publisher=University of Minnesota |access-date=March 3, 2023 |archive-date=February 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213100644/https://university-relations.umn.edu/resources/colors-and-type |url-status=live}}</ref><br />{{color box|#7A0019}}&nbsp;{{color box|#FFCC33}}
 | athletics_nickname     = [[Minnesota Golden Gophers|Golden Gophers]]
 | mascot                 = [[Goldy Gopher]]
 | sporting_affiliations  = {{hlist|[[NCAA Division I FBS]] – [[Big Ten Conference|Big Ten]]|[[Western Collegiate Hockey Association|WCHA]]}}
 | website                = {{URL|https://twin-cities.umn.edu/}}
 | logo                   = University of Minnesota Logo.svg
 | logo_upright           = .5
 | free_label             = Other campuses
 | free                   = [[University of Minnesota Rochester|Rochester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hlcommission.org/institution/1409/ |title=HLC - University of Minnesota-Twin Cities - Branch Campuses}}</ref>
 | free_label2            = Newspaper
 | free2                  = ''[[Minnesota Daily]]''
}}

The '''University of Minnesota Twin Cities'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA SYSTEM IDENTITY |url=https://university-relations.umn.edu/sites/university-relations.umn.edu/files/2023-01/System_style_guide-11-22.pdf |access-date=September 27, 2024 |website=The University of Minnesota System}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://twin-cities.umn.edu/about-us |access-date=September 27, 2024 |website=University of Minnesota Twin Cities |language=en}}</ref><!--The official name corresponds to the systemwide "University of Minnesota System Identity" document and the Twin Cities campus website. Do not change university name here without gaining consensus in Talk. --> (historically known as '''University of Minnesota''') is a [[public university|public]] [[Land-grant university|land-grant]] [[research university]] in the [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] of [[Minneapolis]] and [[Saint Paul, Minnesota]], United States. It is the [[Flagship#Colleges and universities in the United States|flagship institution]] of the [[University of Minnesota System]] and is organized into 19 colleges, schools, and other major academic units.

The Twin Cities campus is the oldest and largest in the [[University of Minnesota system]] and has the [[List of United States university campuses by enrollment|ninth-largest]] (as of the 2022–2023 academic year) main campus student body in the United States, with 54,890 students at the start of the 2023–24 academic year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Enrollment Statistics |url=https://www.oir.umn.edu/student/enrollment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119001227/https://idr.umn.edu/reports-by-topic-enrollment/enrollments |archive-date=January 19, 2024 |access-date=March 26, 2024 |website=Office of Institutional Research |language=en}}</ref> 
The campus comprises locations in Minneapolis and [[Falcon Heights, Minnesota|Falcon Heights]], a suburb of St. Paul, approximately {{cvt|3|mi}} apart.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.umn.edu/system |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029051341/https://www.umn.edu/system/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |title=About Us |work=University of Minnesota Twin Cities |access-date=August 3, 2015}}</ref>

The [[Minnesota Territorial Legislature]] drafted a charter for the University of Minnesota as a territorial university in 1851, seven years before Minnesota became a state. The university is currently [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/srp.php?clq=%7B%22basic2005_ids%22%3A%2215%22%7D |title=Carnegie Classifications Standard Listings |publisher=[[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education]] |access-date=April 15, 2016 |archive-date=December 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216205056/https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/srp.php?clq=%7B%22basic2005_ids%22:%2215%22%7D |url-status=live}}</ref> It is a member of the [[Association of American Universities]]. The [[National Science Foundation]] ranked the University of Minnesota 22nd among American universities for research and development expenditures in 2022 with $1.202 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UMN Research Statistics {{!}} RIO |url=https://research.umn.edu/about-us/umn-research-statistics#:~:text=R&D%20Expenditures,across%20all%20campuses%20in%20FY22. |access-date=March 26, 2024 |website=research.umn.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zalaznick |first=Matt |date=January 6, 2023 |title=Billion-dollar business: These are higher ed's top 30 R&D performers |url=https://universitybusiness.com/r-d-research-and-development-billion-dollar-top-30-college-university-higher-ed-spenders/ |access-date=December 28, 2023 |website=University Business |language=en-US}}</ref> The University of Minnesota is considered a [[Public Ivy]] university.<ref>{{cite book |last=Greene |first=Howard R. |title=The public ivies: America's flagship public universities |year=2001 |publisher=Cliff Street Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0060934590 |edition=1st |author2=Greene, Matthew W.}}</ref>

The [[Minnesota Golden Gophers]] compete in 21 intercollegiate sports in the [[NCAA Division I]] [[Big Ten Conference]] and have won 29 national championships.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Minnesota Athletics - Official Athletics Website |url=https://gophersports.com/ |access-date=March 26, 2024 |website=University of Minnesota Athletics |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Minnesota Championships |url=https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/trads-championships-html |access-date=March 26, 2024 |website=University of Minnesota Athletics |language=en}}</ref> As of March 2024, Minnesota's current and former students have won a total of  [[List of American universities with Olympic medals|90 Olympic medals]].  There are 25 Nobel laureates associated with the university.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Golden Gophers in the Olympics |url=https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/ot-olympians-html.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927034228/https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/ot-olympians-html.aspx |archive-date=September 27, 2023 |access-date=March 26, 2024 |website=University of Minnesota Athletics |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://scholarswalk.umn.edu/national-and-international-awards/nobel-prize#:~:text=Twenty-five%20individuals%20who%20have%20been%20faculty%20or%20students,site%20for%20details%20and%20history%20about%20this%20award%29 | title=Nobel Prize &#124; Scholars Walk }}</ref>

==History==
{{Expand section|date=March 2020}}
The University of Minnesota was founded in [[Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minneapolis]] in 1851 as a [[University-preparatory school|college preparatory school]], seven years prior to Minnesota's statehood.<ref name=":0" /> It struggled in its early years and relied on donations to stay open from donors, including South Carolina Governor [[William Aiken Jr.]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

In 1867, the university received land grant status through the [[Morrill Land-Grant Acts|Morrill Act of 1862]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.minnpost.com/minnesota-history/2012/09/land-grant-exhibit-looks-back-150-years-u-m-history/ |title=Land-grant exhibit looks back at 150 years of U of M history |date=September 10, 2012 |website=MinnPost |language=en-US |access-date=March 31, 2020 |archive-date=March 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302154318/https://www.minnpost.com/minnesota-history/2012/09/land-grant-exhibit-looks-back-150-years-u-m-history/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/opinion/2467635-column-land-grant-mission-has-deep-roots-minnesota-history |title=Column: Land-grant mission has deep roots in Minnesota history |last=Reinert |first=Roger |date=March 16, 2014 |website=Duluth News Tribune |language=en |access-date=March 31, 2020 |archive-date=October 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028220305/https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/opinion/2467635-column-land-grant-mission-has-deep-roots-minnesota-history |url-status=live}}</ref> With lands taken from [[Dakota people]], the university was able to revive itself after closing in 1858.<ref name="morillgrant">{{cite web | last=Vue | first=Katelyn | title=Over 150 years ago, tribal land revived the University. Now, American Indian leaders, students and faculty want this history addressed | website=The Minnesota Daily | date=July 7, 2020 | url=https://mndaily.com/255055/news/acmorrillact/ | access-date=November 25, 2023}}</ref> The Dakota people have not been credited for the expropriation of their lands.<ref name="morillgrant"/>

An 1876 donation from flour miller [[John S. Pillsbury]] is generally credited with saving the school.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Lehman |first=Christopher P. |date=2017 |title=Slaveholder Investment in Territorial Minnesota |journal=Minnesota History |volume=65 |issue=7 |pages=270–272 |jstor=26368724}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=Curt |url=http://www.startribune.com/minnesota-history-southern-slave-owner-helped-revive-university-of-minnesota/383521411/ |title=Minnesota History: Southern slave owner helped revive University of Minnesota |date=June 20, 2016 |work=Star-Tribune |access-date=March 17, 2020 |location=Minneapolis, Minn. |archive-date=March 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317200109/http://www.startribune.com/minnesota-history-southern-slave-owner-helped-revive-university-of-minnesota/383521411/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Since then, Pillsbury has become known as "The Father of the University."<ref>{{cite book |last=Carney |first=Mary Vance |title=Minnesota: the star of the North |year=1918 |publisher=D. C. Heath & co |page=218 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MoxuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA218}}</ref> [[University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District|Pillsbury Hall]] is named in his honor.<ref>{{cite book |last=Minnesota. University |title=Bulletin |year=1921 |publisher=Minnesota. University |page=67 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qm_PAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA67}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Millett |first=Larry |title=AIA Guide to the Twin Cities: The Essential Source on the Architecture of Minneapolis and St. Paul |year=2007 |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society |page=132 |isbn=9780873515405 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T9axsT5T8fcC&pg=PA132}}</ref>

Academic milestones began with Warren Clark Eustis and Henry Martyn Williamson graduating in 1873 as the university's first graduates.<ref name="UMNHistory">{{Cite web |url=https://twin-cities.umn.edu/about-us/history |title=History - University of Minnesota Twin Cities |access-date=March 26, 2024 |publisher=University of Minnesota}}</ref> Helen Marr Ely was the first female graduate in 1875.<ref name="UMNHistory" /> The university progressed by awarding its first master's degree in 1880 and conferring its first Ph.D. in 1888.<ref name="UMNHistory" />

As the 20th century began, the university expanded its academic offerings. In 1908, the university inaugurated the Program of Mortuary Science, becoming the first state university in the United States to do so.<ref name="UMNHistory" /> The School of Nursing was established in 1909, the first continuous nursing school on a university campus in the United States. The nursing school later opened its doors to male students in 1949.<ref name="UMNHistory" />

20th-century breakthroughs at the University of Minnesota positioned it as a leader in medical innovation. In 1954, C. Walton Lillehei and F. John Lewis performed the world's first successful open-heart surgery using cross-circulation.<ref name="UMNHistory" /> 1955 saw Richard DeWall and Lillehei develop the bubble oxygenator, setting the stage for modern heart-lung machines.<ref name="UMNHistory" /> This was followed by Lillehei's performance of the first artificial heart valve implant in a human in 1958, and in the same year, Earl Bakken, co-founder of Medtronic, Inc., developed the first portable pacemaker, introduced into practice by Lillehei.<ref name="UMNHistory" />

The latter part of the 20th century saw the university's continued innovation in medical transplantation, including the world's first successful kidney/pancreas transplant in 1967, a bone marrow transplant in 1968, and a living donor pancreas transplant in 1998.<ref name="UMNHistory" /> Another notable contribution to agriculture came in 1991, with the development of the [[honeycrisp]] apple.<ref name="UMNHistory" />

==Campuses==
''Note: The flagship University of Minnesota campus is the Twin Cities campus, which comprises grounds in St. Paul and Minneapolis, the latter divided into areas on both the east and west banks of the Mississippi River. Administratively, these are all one campus, but for purposes of simplicity, this article will apply "campus" to its component parts where necessary to avoid confusion with the names of cities.''

{{multiple image
 | align = right
 | total_width = 350
 | image1 = AerialUMN-MPLS012506.jpg
 | caption1 = Aerial photo of the Minneapolis campus, facing east
 | image2 = AerialUMN-SP012506.jpg
 | caption2 = Aerial photo of St. Paul campus, facing south
}}

As the largest of five campuses across the University of Minnesota system, the Twin Cities campus has more than 50,000 students; this makes it the ninth-largest campus student body in the United States overall. It also has more than 300 research, education, and outreach centers and institutes.<ref name="timeshighereducation.com"/>

===Minneapolis===
The original Minneapolis campus overlooked the [[Saint Anthony Falls]] on the [[Mississippi River]], but it was later moved about a mile (1.6&nbsp;km) downstream to its current location. The original site is now marked by a small park known as Chute Square at the intersection of {{proper name|University}} and Central avenues. The school shut down following a financial crisis during the American Civil War, but reopened in 1867 with considerable financial help from [[John S. Pillsbury]]. It was upgraded from a [[University-preparatory school|preparatory school]] to a college in 1869. Today, the university's Minneapolis campus is divided by the Mississippi River into an East Bank and a West Bank.

The Minneapolis campus has several residence halls: 17th Avenue Hall, Centennial Hall, Frontier Hall, Territorial Hall, Pioneer Hall, Sanford Hall, Wilkins Hall, Middlebrook Hall, Yudof Hall, and Comstock Hall.

====East Bank====
[[File:UMN-NorthrupMall.jpg|thumb|East Bank]]
[[File:Northrop Mall Winter.png|thumb|[[Northrop Mall Historic District|Northrop Mall]] in the winter]]
[[File:Walter Library Minnesota 5.jpg|thumb|[[Walter Library]], Northrop Mall]]
[[File:University of Minnesota.jpg|thumb|East Bank campus in winter. Ford Hall on the left, Nils Hasselmo Hall on the right of the light rail in the picture.]]

The East Bank, the main portion of the campus, covers {{cvt|307|acre|ha}} and is divided into several areas: the Knoll area, the Mall area, the Health area, the Athletic area, and the Gateway area.

The Knoll area, the oldest extant part of the university, is in the northwestern corner of the campus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uservices.umn.edu/heritage/knoll/historic.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927131946/http://www.uservices.umn.edu/heritage/knoll/historic.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |title=The Campus Knoll |publisher=University of Minnesota}}</ref> Many buildings in this area are well over 100 years old, such as some of the 13 in the [[University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District|Old Campus Historic District]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uservices.umn.edu/heritage/about.htm |title=University of Minnesota Heritage Trail |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209121242/http://www.uservices.umn.edu/heritage/about.htm |archive-date=February 9, 2012}}</ref> Today, most [[discipline]]s in this area relate to the [[humanities]]. Burton Hall is home to the [[University of Minnesota College of Education and Human Development|College of Education and Human Development]]. Folwell Hall and Jones Hall are primarily used by the language departments. A residence hall, Sanford Hall, and a student-apartment complex, Roy Wilkins Hall, are in this area. This area is just south of the Dinkytown neighborhood and business area.

[[Northrop Mall Historic District|Northrop Mall]] is arguably the center of the Minneapolis campus. The plan for the Mall was based on a design by [[Cass Gilbert]], although his scheme was too extravagant to be fully implemented.<ref>{{cite book |last=Millett |first=Larry |title=AIA Guide to the Twin Cities: The Essential Source on the Architecture of Minneapolis and St. Paul |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-87351-540-5 |pages=127–128|publisher=Minnesota Historical Society }}</ref> Several of the campus's primary buildings surround the Mall area. [[Northrop Auditorium]] provides a northern anchor, with [[Coffman Memorial Union]] (CMU) to the south. Four of the larger buildings to the sides of the Mall are the primary [[mathematics]], [[physics]], and [[chemistry]] buildings (Vincent Hall, Tate Laboratory and Smith Hall, respectively) and [[Walter Library]]. Smith Hall and Walter Library were built during the [[Lotus Coffman]] administration.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Madsen |first1=Rob |date=Spring 2023 |title=The Cost of Conservatism: The University of Minnesota's Lofted Ideals and Fallen Football Teams |journal=Journal of Sport History |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=85–100 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/34/article/918698 |doi=10.5406/21558450.50.1.06 |access-date=|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The Mall area is home to the [[University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts|College of Liberal Arts]], which is Minnesota's largest public or private college, and the [[University of Minnesota Institute of Technology|College of Science and Engineering]]. Behind CMU is another residence hall, Comstock Hall, and another student-apartment complex, Yudof Hall. The [[Northrop Mall Historic District]] was formally listed in the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in January 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20180119.htm |title=Weekly List - National Register of Historic Places Official Website--Part of the National Park Service |website=www.nps.gov |access-date=December 9, 2018 |archive-date=October 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016133510/https://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20180119.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>

The Health area is to the southeast of the Mall area and focuses on undergraduate buildings for [[biological science]] students, as well as the homes of the College of [[Pharmacy]], the School of [[Nursing]], the [[University of Minnesota School of Dentistry|School of Dentistry]], the [[University of Minnesota Medical School|Medical School]], the [[University of Minnesota School of Public Health|School of Public Health]], and [[M Health Fairview]] Hospitals and Clinics. This complex of buildings forms what is known as the [[University of Minnesota Medical Center]]. Part of the [[University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences|College of Biological Sciences]] is housed in this area.

{{anchor|Superblock}}<!--the page [[Superblock (University of Minnesota)]] redirects to this anchor.-->Across the street from the University of Minnesota Medical Center Fairview is an area known as the "Superblock", a four-city-block space comprising four residence halls (Pioneer, Frontier, Centennial and Territorial Halls). The Superblock is one of the most popular locations for on-campus housing because it has the largest concentration of students living on campus and has a multitude of social activities between the residence halls.

The Athletic area is directly north of the Superblock and includes four recreation/athletic facilities: the University Recreation Center, Cooke Hall, the University Fieldhouse, and the [[Memorial Stadium (University of Minnesota)#University Aquatic center|University Aquatic Center]]. These facilities are all connected by tunnels and skyways, allowing students to use one locker room facility. North of this complex is the [[Huntington Bank Stadium]], [[Williams Arena]], [[Mariucci Arena]], [[Ridder Arena]], and the Baseline Tennis Center.

The Gateway area, the easternmost section of campus, is primarily composed of office buildings instead of classrooms and lecture halls. The most prominent building is [[McNamara Alumni Center]]. The university is also heavily invested in a [[biomedical|biomedical research]] initiative and has built five biomedical research buildings that form a biomedical complex directly north of Huntington Bank Stadium.

=====Architecture=====
[[File:Pillsbury Hall.jpg|thumb|[[University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District#Pillsbury Hall, 1889|Pillsbury Hall]], one of the oldest buildings on campus (1889)]]
[[File:Weisman Art Museum.jpg|thumb|[[Weisman Art Museum]]]]

[[University of Minnesota Armory|The Armory]], northeast of the Mall area, is built like a [[Norman architecture|Norman]] [[castle]]. It features a [[sally port|sally-port]] entrance facing Church Street and a tower that was originally intended to be the professor of [[military science]]'s residence. Since it originally held the athletics department, the Armory also features a [[gym]]nasium. Today it is home to military science classes and the university's [[Reserve Officers' Training Corps]].

Several buildings in the [[University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District|Old Campus Historic District]] were designed by early Minnesota architect [[Leroy Buffington|LeRoy Buffington]]. One of the most notable is [[University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District#Pillsbury Hall, 1889|Pillsbury Hall]], designed by Buffington and Harvey Ellis in the [[Richardsonian Romanesque]] style. Pillsbury Hall's [[polychromatic]] facade incorporates several sandstone varieties that were available in Minnesota during the time of construction. Buffington also designed the exterior of [[University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District#Burton Hall, 1894|Burton Hall]], considered one of the strongest specimens of [[Greek Revival architecture]] in Minnesota.

Many of the buildings on the East Bank were designed by the prolific Minnesota architect [[Clarence H. Johnston, Sr.|Clarence H. Johnston]], including the [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]] Folwell Hall and the [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] edifices of [[Northrop Auditorium]] and [[Walter Library]], which he considered the heart of the university. Johnston's son, Clarence Johnston Jr, was also an architect and designed the original [[Bell Museum of Natural History|Bell Museum]] building and [[Coffman Memorial Union]] in the 1930s.

The [[Malcolm Moos Health Sciences Tower]], which is the tallest building on the Twin Cities campus, is a noted example of [[brutalist architecture]].

In more recent years, [[Frank Gehry]] designed the [[Weisman Art Museum|Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum]]. Completed in 1993, the Weisman Art Museum is a typical example of his work with curving metallic structures. The abstract structure is considered highly significant because it was built prior to the widespread use of [[computer-aided design]] in architecture. It also ushered in a new era of architecture at the university, which continued with the completion of the [[McNamara Alumni Center]] in 2000 and Bruininks Hall (formerly STSS) in 2010.

Another notable structure is the addition to the Architecture building, designed by [[Steven Holl]] and completed in 2002. It won an [[American Institute of Architects]] award for its innovative design. The Architecture building was then renamed Rapson Hall after the local [[modernist architecture|modernist]] architect and School of Architecture Dean [[Ralph Rapson]].

The university also has a "Greek row" of historic [[fraternities and sororities]] located north of campus on University Avenue SE. {{main|List of Fraternities and Sororities at the University of Minnesota}}

====West Bank====
[[File:Rarig Center-20071213.jpg|thumb|Department of Theatre Arts &amp; Dance, Rarig Center]]

The West Bank covers {{cvt|53|acre|ha}}. The West Bank is home to the [[University of Minnesota Law School]], the [[Humphrey School of Public Affairs]], the [[Carlson School of Management]], various social science buildings, and the performing arts center. The West Bank Arts Quarter includes the [[Rarig Center]], Barbara Barker Center for Dance, Ferguson Hall (School of Music), Ted Mann Concert Hall and Regis Center for Art. Due to the numerous arts departments on the West Bank, it is home to several annual interdisciplinary arts festivals.

Wilson Library, the largest library in the university system, is also on the West Bank, as is Middlebrook Hall, the largest residence hall on campus. The [[Elmer L. Andersen]] Library is home to the University's Archives and Special Collections Department.<ref>Kelsey, Donald G. 2003. "The Elmer L. Andersen Library: Accomplishing the Impossible." ''Library Trends'' 52 (1): 49–59.</ref>

===St. Paul===
[[File:McNeal Hall Minnesota 5.jpg|thumb|McNeal Hall houses the [[Goldstein Museum of Design]]]]

The St. Paul campus is in the city of [[Falcon Heights, Minnesota|Falcon Heights]], about {{cvt|3|mi}} from the Minneapolis campus. The default place name for the ZIP code serving the campus is "St. Paul", but "Falcon Heights" is also recognized for use in the street addresses of all campus buildings. The [[University of Minnesota College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences|College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences]], including the University of Minnesota Food Industry Center and many other disciplines from social sciences to [[vocational education]], are on this campus. It also includes the College of Continuing and Professional Studies,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ccaps.umn.edu/ |title=COLLEGE OF CONTINUING AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES |publisher=cce.umn.edu |access-date=July 16, 2012 |archive-date=October 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002210618/https://ccaps.umn.edu/ |url-status=live}}</ref> College of Veterinary Medicine,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cvm.umn.edu/ |title=College of Veterinary Medicine |publisher=cvm.umn.edu |date=May 16, 2012 |access-date=July 16, 2012 |archive-date=July 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725233339/http://www.cvm.umn.edu/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and College of Biological Sciences.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbs.umn.edu/ |title=College of Biological Sciences |publisher=cbs.umn.edu |access-date=July 16, 2012 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630184345/http://www.cbs.umn.edu/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The extensive lawns, flowers, trees, and surrounding University research farm plots create a greener and quieter campus. It has a grassy mall of its own and can be a bit of a retreat from the more urban Minneapolis campus. Prominent on this campus is Bailey Hall, the St. Paul campus' only residence hall. Campus Connector buses run every five minutes on weekdays when school is in session, and every 20 minutes on weekends, allowing students easy access to both campuses.

The Continuing Education and Conference Center,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ccaps.umn.edu/continuing-education-and-conference-center |title=Continuing Education and Conference Center |publisher=University of Minnesota |access-date=April 19, 2022 |archive-date=April 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412133112/https://ccaps.umn.edu/continuing-education-and-conference-center |url-status=dead}}</ref> which serves over 20,000 conference attendees per year, is also on the St. Paul campus.

The St. Paul campus is home to the College of Design's Department of Design, Housing, and Apparel (DHA). Located in McNeal Hall, DHA includes the departmental disciplines of apparel design, graphic design, housing studies, interior design, and retail merchandising.  McNeal Hall is also the home to the University's [[Goldstein Museum of Design]].

The St. Paul campus is known to University students and staff for the Meat and Dairy Salesroom,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fscn.cfans.umn.edu/researchandservices/dairysalesroom/ |title=Dairy Salesroom |publisher=Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota |date=January 20, 2010 |access-date=July 16, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523050352/http://fscn.cfans.umn.edu/researchandservices/dairysalesroom/ |archive-date=May 23, 2013}}</ref> which sells animal food products (such as ice cream, cheese, and meat) produced in the university's state-certified pilot plant by students, faculty and staff.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ansci.umn.edu/meatlab.htm |title=Meat Science |publisher=Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota |access-date=July 16, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715163807/http://www.ansci.umn.edu/meatlab.htm |archive-date=July 15, 2012}}</ref>

The St. Paul campus borders the [[Minnesota State Fair]]grounds, which hosts the largest [[state fair]] in the United States by daily attendance.<ref>{{cite web |title=2006 Detailed Daily Attendance |publisher=Minnesota State Fair |url=http://www.mnstatefair.org/pages/attendance.html |access-date=July 17, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928083455/http://www.mnstatefair.org/pages/attendance.html |archive-date=September 28, 2007 }}</ref> The fair lasts 12 days, from late August through Labor Day. The grounds also serve a variety of functions during the rest of the year.

Although the Falcon Heights [[North American Numbering Plan|area code]] is 651, the university telephone system trunk lines use Minneapolis [[Telephone exchange|exchanges]] and its 612 area code.

===Commuting===
[[File:Washington Ave Bridge.jpg|thumb|The [[Washington Avenue Bridge (Minneapolis)|Washington Avenue Bridge]] connects the East Bank and West Bank portions of the [[Minneapolis]] campus.]]
[[File:Green Line, Coffman Union, and bus stop.jpg|thumb|A [[Green Line (Minnesota)|Green Line]] train after leaving the [[East Bank (Metro Transit station)|East Bank Station]], heading towards [[Downtown Minneapolis]]]]

Walking and riding bicycles are the most common modes of transportation among students. At times, the University Police has occasionally cited individuals for [[jaywalking]] or riding bicycles on restricted sidewalks in areas surrounding the university.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pedestrians should exercise caution |work=The Minnesota Daily |date=September 29, 2006 |url=http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2006/09/29/69182 |access-date=December 22, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212212526/http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2006/09/29/69182 |archive-date=February 12, 2007}}</ref>

The [[Washington Avenue Bridge (Minneapolis)|Washington Avenue Bridge]] crossing the Mississippi River provides access between the East and West Banks in Minneapolis, on foot and via designated bike lanes and a free shuttle service. Several pedestrian tunnels ease the passage from building to building during harsh weather; they are marked with signs reading "[[The Gopher Way]]". The Minneapolis campus is near [[Interstate Highway System|Interstates]] [[Interstate 94|94]] and [[Interstate 35|35W]] and is bordered by the Minneapolis neighborhoods of [[Dinkytown]] (on the north), [[Cedar-Riverside, Minneapolis|Cedar-Riverside]] (on the west), [[Stadium Village]] (on the southeast), and [[Prospect Park, Minneapolis|Prospect Park]] (on the east).

On regular weekdays during the school year, the Campus Connectors operate with schedule-less service as often as every five minutes during the busiest parts of the school day (between 7 am and 5:30 pm), slowing to once every 15 or 20 minutes during earlier or later hours.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www1.umn.edu/pts/bus/connectors.html |title=Campus Connectors &#124; Parking & Transportation Services |website=Umn.edu |access-date=May 27, 2017 |archive-date=January 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126184405/http://www1.umn.edu/pts/bus/connectors.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The estimated commute time between St. Paul and the East Bank is 15 minutes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pts.umn.edu/bus/campus-connectors |title=Campus Connectors &#124; Parking & Transportation Services |website=Umn.edu |date=May 11, 2016 |access-date=January 27, 2018 |archive-date=January 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128074612/http://www.pts.umn.edu/bus/campus-connectors |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2008, the system carried 3.55 million riders. Although the shuttle service is free, it is comparatively inexpensive to operate; with an operating cost of $4.55 million in 2008, the operating subsidy was only $1.28 per passenger. Even [[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]]'s busy [[Metro (Minnesota)|Metro]] [[Blue Line (Minnesota)|Blue Line]] light rail required a subsidy of $1.44 that year, and that was with many riders paying $1.75 or more for a ride.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metrocouncil.org/planning/transportation/Evaluation2009/Evaluation2009.htm |title=2009 Transit System Performance Evaluation |publisher=Metropolitan Council |year=2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100519222803/http://www.metrocouncil.org/planning/transportation/Evaluation2009/Evaluation2009.htm |archive-date=May 19, 2010}}</ref>

Three [[Light rail in Minnesota|light-rail stations]] serve the university along the [[Green Line (Minnesota)|Green Line]]: [[Stadium Village (Metro Transit station)|Stadium Village]], [[East Bank (Metro Transit station)|East Bank]], and [[West Bank (Metro Transit station)|West Bank]]. The university partnered with [[Metro (Minnesota)|Metro]] to offer students, staff, and faculty members a [[Go-To card#Campus Zone Pass|Campus Zone Pass]] that enables free travel on the three stations that pass through campus,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.umn.edu/pts/bus/campuszonepass.html |title=Campus Zone Pass |website=University of Minnesota Parking and Transportation |access-date=February 24, 2016 |date=Spring 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109142525/http://www1.umn.edu/pts/bus/campuszonepass.html |archive-date=November 9, 2015}}</ref> as well as a discounted unlimited pass for students.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pts.umn.edu/bus/upass |title=U-Pass |website=University of Minnesota Parking and Transportation |access-date=May 1, 2018 |date=May 11, 2016 |archive-date=May 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502140638/http://www.pts.umn.edu/bus/upass |url-status=dead}}</ref> More recently, the university has instituted the Universal Transit Pass, which allows most students unlimited access to the Metro Transit light rail and bus networks as well as a number of other transit systems in the area.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pts.umn.edu/Transit/Transit-Passes/Universal-Transit-Pass |title=Universal Transit Pass |website=University of Minnesota Parking and Transportation Services |access-date=September 10, 2023 |date=September 8, 2023 |archive-date=September 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230911023930/https://pts.umn.edu/Transit/Transit-Passes/Universal-Transit-Pass}}</ref>

===Campus safety===
The Step Up campaign is a program that helps students prevent excessive drinking, as well as sexual assault and other crimes, by teaching them how to intervene and prevent in a positive way.<ref name="Step Up">{{cite web |url=http://stepup.umn.edu/ |title=Step Up |publisher=University of Minnesota |access-date=October 1, 2013 |archive-date=October 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004212857/http://stepup.umn.edu/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> This is done, in part, by explaining the [[bystander effect]]. The U of M also has a SAFE-U emergency notification text messaging system that sends out a notification to all faculty, staff, and students in case of emergency.<ref name="TXT - U">{{cite web |url=http://www1.umn.edu/prepared/txtu/ |title=TXT- U |publisher=University of Minnesota |access-date=October 1, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213316/http://www1.umn.edu/prepared/txtu/ |archive-date=October 4, 2013}}</ref> The commitment to a safe inclusive campus is also articulated through the comprehensive University of Minnesota Safety Plan, aligned with MPact 2025's Commitment 5, Action Item 5.4, emphasizing the need to assess and improve campus safety continually.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Safety Approach |url=https://safe-campus.umn.edu/safety-approach |access-date=March 28, 2024 |website=Safe Campus |language=en}}</ref> The establishment of the Strategic Safety Advisory Committee and public safety forums fosters community engagement and dialogue on safety concerns and improvements. Additionally, the university has made strides in off-campus safety through nightly patrols in Dinkytown and the introduction of blue light kiosks and mobile light trailers to enhance visibility and security. Other resources help students get home safely. Calling 624-WALK secures an escort for walks to adjacent campuses and neighborhoods, and Gopher Chauffeur, a van service, offers rides near and on campus. Both are free and open to all students, staff, and faculty.<ref name="Creating a safe U">{{cite web |url=http://www1.umn.edu/prepared/ |title=Safety and Security |publisher=University of Minnesota |access-date=September 30, 2013 |archive-date=October 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004212857/http://www1.umn.edu/prepared/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2006/12/13/70274 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103094323/http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2006/12/13/70274 |title=Hitch a ride with MSA |newspaper=[[Minnesota Daily]] |archive-date=January 3, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mndaily.com/2008/04/17/boyntonto-run-msa-express-0 |title=Boynton to run MSA Express |newspaper=[[Minnesota Daily]] |access-date=July 23, 2014 |archive-date=July 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727174158/http://www.mndaily.com/2008/04/17/boyntonto-run-msa-express-0 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://wcco.com/search/Link.ashx?R=http%3a%2f%2fwcco.com%2ftopstories%2fMSA.Express.University.2.365282.html |title=Shuttle Service Provides 'U' Students Security |publisher=Wcco.com |access-date=July 16, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://discover.umn.edu/news/campus-community/gopher-chauffeur-service-helps-keep-students-safe |title=Taking them home: The U's Gopher Chauffeur service helps keep students safe at night. |date=November 20, 2013 |website=umn.edu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729013501/http://discover.umn.edu/news/campus-community/gopher-chauffeur-service-helps-keep-students-safe |archive-date=July 29, 2014}}</ref>

In addition, the campus has nearly 200 automated external defibrillators (AEDs) and 200 yellow phones for emergency-only calls. The University Police Station has 20 Code Blue phones around campus that immediately connect people to their office. There are also over 2,000 security cameras being monitored 24 hours a day.<ref name="Creating a safe U" /> The university also maintains a vigilant stance on cybersecurity, conducting annual external assessments and updating strategies for risk mitigation. Emergency preparedness is also a key focus, with updated Emergency Operations Plans and disaster recovery protocols ensuring readiness for a variety of potential threats.<ref name=":4" />

====Sexual assaults====
Minnesota Gophers football player [[Dominic Jones]] was convicted of sexual assault in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.startribune.com/local/west/26011539.html |title=Ex-Gopher Dominic Jones: 'My name now is Inmate' |author-first1=Rochelle |author-last1=Olson |date=July 29, 2008 |publisher=The Star Tribune |work=www.startribune.com |access-date=September 14, 2020 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129031947/http://www.startribune.com/local/west/26011539.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2009, an appeals court upheld Jones' conviction, but reduced his four-year prison sentence to one year.<ref name=sentence>{{cite news |url=https://www.twincities.com/2009/07/08/ex-gopher-dominic-jones-sex-crime-conviction-upheld-by-appeals-court/#:~:text=Dominic%20Jones%2C%20once%20a%20defensive,in%20guidelines%20for%20the%20felony. |title=her Dominic Jones' sex crime conviction upheld by appeals court |first=Maricella |last=Miranda |publisher=Pioneer Press |date=July 8, 2009 |access-date=September 14, 2020}}</ref> More than 1,000 sexual assaults on campus were reported between 2010 and 2015.<ref name=Tribune>{{cite web |title=After Authorities Did Not Charge her Rapist U Student Fought Back |url=http://www.startribune.com/after-authorities-did-not-charge-her-rapist-u-student-fought-back/398051931/ |work=Minneapolis Star Tribune |date=October 23, 2016 |access-date=October 23, 2016 |archive-date=October 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024221226/http://www.startribune.com/after-authorities-did-not-charge-her-rapist-u-student-fought-back/398051931/ |url-status=live}}</ref> No prosecutions for rape occurred, according to Katie Eichele of the Aurora Center,<ref name=Tribune/> until the conviction of [[2014 University of Minnesota rape case|Daniel Drill-Mellum]] in 2016, for the rapes of two fellow students.<ref name=2016conviction>{{cite web |title=Former University of Minnesota Frat Brother Sentenced to 6 Years in Prison for Rape |url=http://www.cosmopolitan.com/lifestyle/news/a63590/university-of-minnesota-daniel-drill-mellum-rape-sentenced-prison/ |work=Cosmopolitan |access-date=October 23, 2016 |date=September 2016 |archive-date=October 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024225955/http://www.cosmopolitan.com/lifestyle/news/a63590/university-of-minnesota-daniel-drill-mellum-rape-sentenced-prison/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Drill-Mellum received a six-year prison sentence.<ref name=2016conviction />

It has been alleged that few sexual assaults on campus are reported to University police.<ref name=Fox9>{{cite web |title=1 in 10 rape cases on University of Minnesota campus lead to arrest |url=http://www.fox9.com/news/investigators/12385885-story |work=Fox 9 News |access-date=October 23, 2016 |archive-date=October 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024223125/http://www.fox9.com/news/investigators/12385885-story |url-status=dead}}</ref> Six resulted in arrest from 2010 to 2015; one was determined to be unfounded.<ref name=Fox9/> In a study by campus police, in the years between 2005 and 2015, sexual assaults at the university remained the same or increased<ref>{{cite web |title=10 Year Part I Crime Statistics |url=https://police.umn.edu/10yearcrime |work=University of Minnesota Public Safety |access-date=October 23, 2016 |date=August 7, 2015 |archive-date=October 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025045101/https://police.umn.edu/10yearcrime |url-status=dead}}</ref> despite six sexual assault resources and many anti-crime programs on campus.<ref>{{cite magazine |title='Universities and Fraternities Must Tell the Whole Truth' About Sexual Violence |url=https://time.com/100084/campus-sexual-assault-fraternities/ |magazine=Time |access-date=October 26, 2016 |archive-date=October 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025055436/http://time.com/100084/campus-sexual-assault-fraternities/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Working Together to Address Campus Sexual Violence |url=https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/ojp/forms-documents/Documents/2015%20Conference%20on%20Crime%20and%20Victimization/Presentations/Sexual%20Violence%20on%20College%20Campuses.pdf |work=University of Minnesota |access-date=October 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210042625/https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/ojp/forms-documents/Documents/2015%20Conference%20on%20Crime%20and%20Victimization/Presentations/Sexual%20Violence%20on%20College%20Campuses.pdf |archive-date=February 10, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Here's What's Missing From the Stats on Campus Rape |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/10/campus-crime-statistics-undercount-sexual-assaults |work=MotherJones |access-date=October 23, 2016 |archive-date=October 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025111100/http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/10/campus-crime-statistics-undercount-sexual-assaults |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=How the University of Minnesota handles sexual assault |url=http://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/04/01/bcst-sexual-assault-university-of-minnesota |work=Minnesota Public Radio |date=April 2015 |access-date=October 23, 2016 |archive-date=October 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025063511/http://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/04/01/bcst-sexual-assault-university-of-minnesota |url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2020, the University of Minnesota agreed to pay $500,000 to a woman who in the fall of 2016, accused several Gophers football players of sexually assaulting her.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.startribune.com/university-of-minnesota-paid-500-000-to-woman-who-accused-gophers-football-players-of-rape/572257372/#:~:text=The%20University%20of%20Minnesota%20paid,sexual%20assault%20in%20fall%202016.&text=But%20a%20source%20confirmed%20the,the%20St.%20Paul%20Pioneer%20Press. |author-first1=Ryan|author-last1=Faircloth|author-first2=Rochelle|author-last2=Olson|title=University of Minnesota paid $500,000 to woman who accused Gophers football players of rape |website=[[Star Tribune]] |date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829085034/https://www.startribune.com/university-of-minnesota-paid-500-000-to-woman-who-accused-gophers-football-players-of-rape/572257372/#:~:text=The%20University%20of%20Minnesota%20paid,sexual%20assault%20in%20fall%202016.&text=But%20a%20source%20confirmed%20the,the%20St.%20Paul%20Pioneer%20Press. |url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2017, a University of Minnesota panel cleared four of the 10 Gopher football players the woman accused and agreed with investigators' recommendation that four other players be expelled and the other two players should be suspended for a year.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://bringmethenews.com/minnesota-sports/reports-panel-clears-4-gopher-football-players-expels-4-others |title=Reports: Panel clears 4 Gopher football players, expels 4 others |first=William |last=Wilcoxen |website=Bring Me The News |date=March 8, 2018 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017035923/https://bringmethenews.com/minnesota-sports/reports-panel-clears-4-gopher-football-players-expels-4-others |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Academics==
The university is organized into 19 colleges, schools, and other major academic units:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.umn.edu/twincities/academics.php |title=Academics and Research |publisher=University of Minnesota |date=April 29, 2015 |access-date=March 13, 2011 |archive-date=May 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514085007/http://www1.umn.edu/twincities/academics.php |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* Center for Allied Health Programs
* [[University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences|College of Biological Sciences]]
* [[College of Continuing and Professional Studies]]
* [[University of Minnesota School of Dentistry|School of Dentistry]]
* [[University of Minnesota-Twin Cities College of Design|College of Design]]
* [[University of Minnesota College of Education and Human Development|College of Education and Human Development]]
* [[University of Minnesota College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences|College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences]]
* Graduate School
* [[University of Minnesota Law School|Law School]]
* [[University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts|College of Liberal Arts]]
* [[Carlson School of Management]]
* [[University of Minnesota Medical School|Medical School]]
* [[University of Minnesota School of Nursing|School of Nursing]]
* [[University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy|College of Pharmacy]]
* [[Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs]]
* [[University of Minnesota School of Public Health|School of Public Health]]
* [[University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering|College of Science and Engineering]]
* College of Veterinary Medicine
}}

Six university-wide interdisciplinary centers and institutes work across collegiate lines:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.academic.umn.edu/provost/interdisc/cigp.html |title=Academic Affairs and Provost, University of Minnesota |access-date=July 16, 2012 |archive-date=September 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928125504/http://academic.umn.edu/provost/interdisc/cigp.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Center for Cognitive Sciences
* Consortium on Law and Values in Health, Environment, and the Life Sciences
* Institute for Advanced Study, University of Minnesota
* Institute for Engineering in Medicine
* Institute for Translational Neuroscience
* Institute on the Environment
* [[Minnesota Population Center]]

The university (system-wide) offers 154 undergraduate degree programs, 24 undergraduate certificates, 307 graduate degree programs, and 79 graduate certificates. The university offers the majority of these programs and certificates at its Twin Cities campus.<ref>{{cite web |title=Degree Programs |url=https://twin-cities.umn.edu/academics-admissions/majors-programs |publisher=University of Minnesota, Twin Cities |access-date=April 19, 2022 |archive-date=April 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425220451/https://twin-cities.umn.edu/academics-admissions/majors-programs |url-status=live}}</ref> The university has all three branches of the [[Reserve Officer Training Corps]] (ROTC).<ref>{{cite web |title=Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) |url=http://www.catalogs.umn.edu/ug/rotc/rotcinfo.html |publisher=Regents of the University of Minnesota |access-date=September 17, 2009 |archive-date=August 17, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817140655/http://www.catalogs.umn.edu/ug/rotc/rotcinfo.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Twin Cities campus, as well as the campuses at [[University of Minnesota Crookston|Crookston]], [[University of Minnesota Duluth|Duluth]], [[University of Minnesota Morris|Morris]], and [[University of Minnesota Rochester|Rochester]], are accredited by the [[Higher Learning Commission]] (HLC).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.academic.umn.edu/provost/reviews/gen_institutional/accreditation_um.html |title=University of Minnesota: Academic Affairs & Provost |access-date=February 9, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505170140/http://academic.umn.edu/provost/reviews/gen_institutional/accreditation_um.html |archive-date=May 5, 2014}}</ref>

===Admissions===
{{Infobox U.S. college admissions
|year              = 2024
|admit rate        =
|admit rate change =
|yield rate        =
|yield rate change =
|SAT Total         = 1350–1500
|SAT Total change  =
|ACT               = 27–33
|ACT change        =
|test optional     = yes
|GPA                = 3.52–3.96
|float             = right
|ref               = <ref name="FallEnrollmentReport">{{cite web |url=https://idr.umn.edu/sites/idr.umn.edu/files/cds_2021_2022_tc.pdf |title=University of Minnesota Common Data Set 2021-2022 |publisher=University of Minnesota Institutional Data and Research |access-date=November 12, 2022 |archive-date=November 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112073451/https://idr.umn.edu/sites/idr.umn.edu/files/cds_2021_2022_tc.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|change ref=<ref name="cds16-17">{{cite document|title=Common Data Set 2016–2017|publisher=University of Minnesota}}</ref>
}}

For Fall 2025 admission, Minnesota received over 43,000 applications for a freshman class of roughly 7,100 students. Although its acceptance rate has risen in recent years, Minnesota still characterizes admission to the university as "highly competitive."<ref>https://www.clastify.com/blog/acceptance-rates/university-of-minnesota</ref><ref>https://admissions.tc.umn.edu/competitive-admission-rate</ref>

Of the 50% of enrolled freshmen in 2024 who submitted [[ACT (test)|ACT]] scores; the middle 50 percent Composite score was between 27 and 33.<ref name="FallEnrollmentReport" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Academic Profile of Fall 2024 Admitted Freshman Applicants by College {{!}} Office of Admissions |url=https://admissions.tc.umn.edu/academic-profile-fall-2024-admitted-freshman-applicants-college |access-date=September 19, 2024 |website=admissions.tc.umn.edu}}</ref> Of the 50% of the incoming freshman class who submitted [[SAT]] scores; the middle 50 percent Composite scores were 1350–1500.<ref name="FallEnrollmentReport" /><ref name=":5" />

The University of Minnesota is a college sponsor of the National Merit Scholarship Program and sponsored 97 Merit Scholarship awards in 2020. In the 2020–2021 academic year, 112 freshman students were [[National Merit Scholars]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nationalmerit.org/s/1758/images/gid2/editor_documents/annual_report.pdf |title=National Merit Scholarship Corporation 2019-20 Annual Report |publisher=National Merit Scholarship Corporation |access-date=December 7, 2022 |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624044709/http://www.nationalmerit.org/s/1758/images/gid2/editor_documents/annual_report.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Rankings===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{{Infobox US university ranking
| Forbes = 69
| THES_W = 85
| THE_WSJ = 85
| QS_W = 203
| USNWR_W = 63
| USNWR_NU = 53
| Wamo_NU = 25
| ARWU_W = 47
}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="float:right; text-align:center"
|-
! colspan=4 style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Minnesota Golden Gophers|color=white}}"|National Program Rankings<ref name="USNWR Grad School Rankings">{{cite magazine |title=University of Minnesota--Twin Cities Rankings |magazine=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=August 20, 2024 |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/university-of-minnesota-twin-cities-174066/overall-rankings}}</ref>
|-
! Program
! Ranking
|-
| Audiology || 9
|-
| Biological Sciences || 46
|-
| Business || 35
|-
| Chemistry || 27
|-
| Clinical Psychology || 5
|-
| Computer Science || 36
|-
| Earth Sciences || 24
|-
| Economics || 18
|-
| Education || 25
|-
| Engineering || 36
|-
| English || 32
|-
| Fine Arts || 64
|-
| Health Care Management || 2
|-
| History || 26
|-
| Law || 16
|-
| Mathematics || 20
|-
| Medical Schools: Primary Care || Tier 1
|-
| Medical Schools: Research || Tier 2
|-
| Nursing: Anesthesia || 51
|-
| Nursing: Midwifery || 3
|-
| Occupational Therapy || 53
|-
| Pharmacy || 6
|-
| Physical Therapy || 33
|-
| Physics || 38
|-
| Political Science || 25
|-
| Psychology || 12
|-
| Public Affairs || 9
|-
| Public Health || 11
|-
| Social Work || 51
|-
| Sociology || 24
|-
| Speech-Language Pathology || 14
|-
| Statistics || 13
|-
| Veterinary Medicine || 11
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="float:right; text-align:center"
|-
! colspan=4 style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Minnesota Golden Gophers|color=white}}"|Global Program Rankings<ref name="USNWR Global Univ Rankings">{{cite magazine |title=University of Minnesota--Twin Cities Rankings |magazine=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=August 20, 2024 |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/university-of-minnesota-twin-cities-174066}}</ref>
|-
! Program
! Ranking
|-
| Agricultural Sciences || 53
|-
| Arts & Humanities || 110
|-
| Biology & Biochemistry || 95
|-
| Cardiac & Cardiovasular Systems || 36
|-
| Chemistry || 93
|-
| Clinical Medicine || 67
|-
| Computer Science || 138
|-
| Economics & Business || 40
|-
| Electrical & Electronic Engineering || 229
|-
| Engineering || 179
|-
| Environment/Ecology || 15
|-
| Geosciences || 72
|-
| Immunology || 57
|-
| Materials Science || 217
|-
| Mathematics || 62
|-
| Microbiology || 38
|-
| Molecular Biology & Genetics || 74
|-
| Neuroscience & Behavior || 67
|-
| Oncology || 136
|-
| Pharmacology & Toxicology || 142
|-
| Physics || 85
|-
| Plant & Animal Science || 23
|-
| Psychiatry/Psychology || 30
|-
| Social Sciences & Public Health || 41
|-
| Space Science || 59
|-
| Surgery || 44
|}
{{col-end}}

In 2024, Minnesota was ranked as the 26th best university in the United States by the ''[[Academic Ranking of World Universities]]'', and 25th in the United States in ''[[Washington Monthly]]''{{'}}s 2021 National University Rankings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities |url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2024 |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=www.shanghairanking.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 National University Rankings |url=https://washingtonmonthly.com/2024-college-guide/national/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Washington Monthly |language=en-US}}</ref> Minnesota's undergraduate program was ranked 53rd among national universities by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' for 2023, and 23rd in the nation among public colleges and universities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-minnesota-twin-cities-3969/overall-rankings |title=National University Rankings 2023 |work=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=February 16, 2024 |archive-date=February 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217223540/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-minnesota-twin-cities-3969/overall-rankings |url-status=live}}</ref> The same publication ranked Minnesota's graduate [[Carlson School of Management]] as 28th in the nation among business schools, and 6th in the nation for its information systems graduate program.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/university-of-minnesota-twin-cities-174066/overall-rankings |title=University of Minnesota--Twin Cities Graduate School Rankings 2022 |work=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=October 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414123204/https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/university-of-minnesota-twin-cities-174066/overall-rankings |url-status=live}}</ref> Other graduate schools ranked highly by ''U.S. News & World Report'' for 2022 include the [[University of Minnesota Law School]] at 22nd, the [[University of Minnesota Medical School]], which was 4th for family medicine and 5th for primary care, the [[University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy]], which ranked 3rd, the [[Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs]], which ranked 9th, the [[University of Minnesota College of Education and Human Development]], which ranked 10th for education psychology and special education, and the [[University of Minnesota School of Public Health]], which ranked 10th.<ref name="auto" />

In 2020, the [[Center for Measuring University Performance]] ranked Minnesota 16th in the nation in terms of total research, 30th in endowment assets, 24th in annual giving, 28th in the number of [[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine]] memberships, 9th in its number of faculty awards, and 14th in its number of [[National Merit Scholars]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mup.umass.edu/sites/default/files/annual_report_2020.pdf |title=The Top American Research Universities-2020 Annual Report |publisher=The Center for Measuring University Performance |access-date=April 17, 2022 |archive-date=January 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121030323/https://mup.umass.edu/sites/default/files/annual_report_2020.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Minnesota is listed as a "[[Public Ivy]]" in 2001 Greenes' Guides ''The Public Ivies: America's Flagship Public Universities''.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lV8QJDzrcSoC |title=Greenes' Guide to Educational Planning:The Public Ivies |first1=Howard |last1=Greene |first2=Matthew W. |last2=Greene |access-date=August 7, 2013 |isbn=9780060934590 |date=August 2001 |publisher=Harper Collins |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017035920/https://books.google.com/books?id=lV8QJDzrcSoC |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2021, the University of Minnesota was ranked as the 40th best university in the world by the ''[[Academic Ranking of World Universities]] (ARWU)'', which assesses academic and research performance.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=2021 Academic Ranking of World Universities |url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/institution/university-of-minnesota-twin-cities |publisher=Shanghai Ranking |access-date=September 30, 2021 |archive-date=September 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930202405/https://www.shanghairanking.com/institution/university-of-minnesota-twin-cities |url-status=live}}</ref> The same 2021 ranking by subject placed the University of Minnesota's ecology program as 2nd best in the world, management program as 10th best, biotechnology program as 11th best, mechanical engineering and medical technology programs as 14th best, law and psychology programs as 19th best, and veterinary sciences program as 20th best.<ref name=":3" /> The Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) for 2021–22 ranked Minnesota 46th in the world and 26th in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=CWUR 2021 – World University Rankings |url=https://cwur.org/2021-22.php |publisher=CWUR |access-date=September 30, 2021 |archive-date=June 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618114255/https://cwur.org/2021-22.php |url-status=live}}</ref> The 2021 Nature Index, which assesses the institutions that dominate high-quality research output, ranked Minnesota 53rd in the world based on research publication data from 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nature Index 2021 Global – Top Institutions Academic Sector |url=https://www.natureindex.com/annual-tables/2021/institution/all/all |publisher=Springer Nature |access-date=September 30, 2021 |archive-date=September 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917213431/https://www.natureindex.com/annual-tables/2021/institution/all/all |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' ranked Minnesota as the 47th best global university for 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. News & World Report - 2021 Best Global Universities Rankings |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/rankings |publisher=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=September 30, 2021 |archive-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028092904/http://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/rankings |url-status=live}}</ref> The 2015 ''[[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]]'' placed Minnesota 46th worldwide, based primarily on teaching, research, knowledge transfer, and international outlook.<ref>{{cite web |title=THE - World University Rankings 2022 |date=August 25, 2021 |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2022/world-ranking#!/page/3/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats |publisher=Times Higher Education |access-date=September 30, 2021 |archive-date=June 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629020315/https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2015/world-ranking#!/page/3/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Research==
Inventions by University of Minnesota students and faculty have ranged from food science to health technologies. Most of the public research funding in Minnesota is funneled to the University of Minnesota as a result of long-standing advocacy by the university itself.

The university developed [[Gopher (protocol)|Gopher]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Anderson |first=Nate |title=The Web may have won, but Gopher tunnels on |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2009/11/the-web-may-have-won-but-gopher-tunnels-on/ |website=Ars Technica |access-date=December 5, 2012 |date=November 4, 2009}}</ref> a precursor to the [[World Wide Web]] which used [[hyperlinks]] to connect documents across computers on the internet. However, the version produced by [[CERN]] was favored by the public since it was freely distributed and could more easily handle multimedia webpages.<ref>{{cite news |last=Waters |first=Darren |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7371660.stm |title=Web in infancy, says Berners-Lee |agency=BBC News |date=April 30, 2008 |access-date=July 16, 2012 |archive-date=January 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107085900/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7371660.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> The university also houses the [[Charles Babbage Institute]], a research and archive center specializing in computer history. The department has strong roots in the early days of supercomputing with [[Seymour Cray]] of [[Cray]] supercomputers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cray's Mark Remains Speed With Simplicity |url=http://www.mbbnet.umn.edu/hoff/hoff_sc.html |publisher=University of Minnesota Update, Spring 1983 |access-date=December 5, 2012 |archive-date=November 23, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123124033/http://www.mbbnet.umn.edu/hoff/hoff_sc.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

The university also became a member of the [[Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory]] (LIGO) in 2007 and has led data analysis projects searching for gravitational waves — their existence [[First observation of gravitational waves|was confirmed]] by scientists in February 2016.<ref name="timeshighereducation.com">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-of-minnesota#ranking-dataset/589595 |title=University of Minnesota World University Rankings &#124; THE |magazine=[[Times Higher Education]] |access-date=May 27, 2017 |archive-date=March 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308125906/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-of-minnesota#ranking-dataset/589595 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Discoveries and innovation by faculty or alumni include:
* [[Puffed rice]] – [[Alexander P. Anderson]] performed work leading to the discovery of "puffed rice", a starting point for a new breakfast cereal later advertised as "Food Shot From Guns".<ref>{{cite web |title=Minnesotan Alexander P. Anderson was the father of puffed rice cereal |date=May 7, 2013 |url=https://www.minnpost.com/mnopedia/2013/05/minnesotan-alexander-p-anderson-was-father-puffed-rice-cereal/ |publisher=MINNPOST |access-date=May 13, 2020 |archive-date=March 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302194932/https://www.minnpost.com/mnopedia/2013/05/minnesotan-alexander-p-anderson-was-father-puffed-rice-cereal/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Transistorized cardiac pacemaker – [[Earl Bakken]] founded Medtronic, where he developed the first external, battery-operated, transistorized, wearable artificial pacemaker in 1957.
* [[Green Revolution]] – [[Norman Borlaug]] was an agronomist who led initiatives worldwide that contributed to extensive increases in agricultural production termed the Green Revolution. Borlaug, often called "the father of the Green Revolution", is credited with saving over a billion people worldwide from starvation. Borlaug was awarded multiple honors for his work, including the [[Nobel Peace Prize]], the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]], and the [[Congressional Gold Medal]].
* [[ATP synthase]] – [[Paul D. Boyer]] elucidated the enzymatic mechanism for synthesis of the cellular "energy currency", [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP), leading to a Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1997.
* [[Point-contact transistor]] – [[Walter Houser Brattain]] and [[John Bardeen]], later joined by [[William Shockley]], invented the point-contact transistor in December 1947. For their invention, the trio was awarded a [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 1956.
* [[Infusion pump]] – [[Henry Buchwald]] invented the world's first infusion port, peritoneovenous shunts, and specialty vascular catheters. He also invented the first implantable infusion pump, a precursor to implantable infusion pumps in use throughout the world today.
* [[Photosynthesis]] – [[Melvin Calvin]] discovered the [[Calvin cycle]] along with Andrew Benson and James Bassham; for this, he won the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
* [[Ecology]] – [[Raymond Lindeman]] revolutionized ecology, primarily through his 1942 paper "Trophic Dynamic Aspect of Ecology", which described how energy and nutrients cycled through ecosystems.
* [[Supercomputer]] – [[Seymour Cray]] designed a series of computers that were the fastest in the world for decades, and founded Cray Research, which built many of these machines.
* [[Taconite]] – [[Edward Wilson Davis]] developed an engineering process to economically extract iron ore from hard taconite rocks, making taconite valuable as iron ore for the iron and steel industries.
* [[Cosmic rays]] – [[Phyllis S. Freier]] discovered the presence of heavy nuclei in cosmic rays, proving the similarity between the Solar System and the rest of the galaxy.
* U.S. aviation – [[Robert Rowe Gilruth]] led the development of flying qualities for airplanes, the use of rockets to achieve data at supersonic speeds, and the establishment of many of the nation's leading flight research and human space flight operations facilities.
* [[Bone marrow transplant]] – [[Robert A. Good]] in 1968 performed the first successful human bone marrow transplant between persons who were not identical twins and is regarded as a founder of modern immunology. In 2018 Minnesota Gov. [[Mark Dayton]] proclaimed August 24 as University of Minnesota Blood and Marrow Transplant Day.
* [[Gore-Tex]] – [[Robert W. Gore|Robert Gore]] invented Gore-Tex materials in 1969.
* [[Disk drive]] – [[Reynold B. Johnson]] invented a method and machinery to score tests electronically.
* [[K-rations]] – [[Ancel Keys]] developed the rations for the U.S. military and also conducted dietary studies: the Minnesota Starvation Study and the Seven Countries Study.
* [[Synthetic rubber]] – [[Izaak Kolthoff]] developed the "cold process" for producing synthetic rubber, which he undertook under the U.S. synthetic rubber program during World War II.
* [[Cyclotron]] – [[Ernest Lawrence]] won the Nobel Prize for Physics 1939 for inventing and developing the cyclotron.
* ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]'' – [[Edward B. Lewis|Edward Lewis]] won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995 for his work on the ''Drosophila'' bithorax complex of homeotic genes.
* [[Cardiac surgery]] – [[C. Walton Lillehei]] pioneered open-heart surgery, as well as numerous techniques, equipment, and prostheses for cardiothoracic surgery.
* [[POPmail]] – [[Mark P. McCahill]] led the development of the Gopher protocol, the effective predecessor of the World Wide Web; was involved in creating and codifying the standard for Uniform Resource Locators (URLs); and led the development of POPmail, one of the first e-mail clients, which had a foundational influence on later e-mail clients and the popularization of graphical user interfaces in Internet technologies more broadly.
* [[Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory|MMPI]] – [[Starke R. Hathaway]] and [[J. C. McKinley]] created the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), which was first published in 1943.
* [[Zatocoding]] – [[Calvin Mooers]] developed a mechanical system using superimposed codes of descriptors for information retrieval called Zatocoding, 1948.
* [[Atomic bomb]] – [[Edward P. Ney]] discovered cosmic ray heavy nuclei and solar proton events. After early work involving separating isotopes from uranium, he worked on the Manhattan Project.
* [[Atomic bomb]] – [[Alfred O. C. Nier]] devised a method to isolate the isotopes of uranium, a critical discovery in the atomic age. Nier worked with [[Kellex Corporation]] in New York City on the design and development of efficient and effective mass spectrographs for use in the Manhattan Project to build the atomic bomb in World War II. He designed most of the spectrographs used for monitoring uranium separations during the war.
* [[Atomic bomb]] – [[Frank Oppenheimer]] worked on uranium isotope separation in 1945 and joined the Manhattan Project.
* [[Biotechnology]] – [[Ronald L. Phillips]] was the first to generate whole corn plants from cells grown in culture, which laid the foundation for, and sparked, a new industry using cell-culture methods to genetically modify corn plants and other cereals. The corn cell line most widely used for genetic modification of corn has greatly accelerated the improvement of corn as food, feed, and fuel.
* [[Renewable energy]] – [[Lanny D. Schmidt]] designed a reactor to extract hydrogen from ethanol, offering the first real hope hydrogen could be a source of inexpensive and renewable energy.
* [[Biomimetics]] – [[Otto Schmitt]] invented the Schmitt trigger, the cathode follower, the differential amplifier, and the chopper-stabilized amplifier.
* [[NASA]] – [[Deke Slayton]] was one of the original NASA Mercury Seven astronauts and became NASA's first chief of the Astronaut Office. He served as NASA's director of flight crew operations, making him responsible for crew assignments at NASA, from November 1963 until March 1972. At that time, he was granted medical clearance to fly and was assigned as the docking module pilot of the 1975 Apollo–Soyuz Test Project, at age 51 becoming the oldest person to fly in space at the time.
* [[Bathythermograph]] – [[Athelstan Spilhaus]] fully developed the bathythermograph (BT) in 1938, an instrument he perfected that was of vital importance in World War II against the German U-boat. During the war, the BT became standard equipment on all U.S. Navy subs and vessels involved in antisubmarine warfare.
* [[CDC 6600]] – [[James E. Thornton|James Thornton]] developed the CDC 6600, the world's first supercomputer, designed with Seymour Cray.
* [[Ziagen]] – [[Robert Vince (scientist)|Robert Vince]] worked on antiviral drug candidates at UMN, where he went on to develop carbocyclic nucleosides termed 'carbovirs.' This class of medicinal agents included the drug abacavir. Abacavir was commercialized by GlaxoSmithKline as Ziagen for the treatment of AIDS.
* US3D<ref>[https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20180002133/downloads/20180002133.pdf US3D]</ref> – Graham Candler<ref>[https://cse.umn.edu/aem/graham-v-candler Graham Candler]</ref> pioneered the future of [[Hypersonic speed|hypersonics]] research with the development of the US3D [[Computational fluid dynamics|CFD]] code which builds off of NASA's DPLR code, but uses [[unstructured grid]]s and has many advanced numerical capabilities and physical models for multi-physics, highly coupled problems.

==Student life==
{| class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible"; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:90%" |Student body composition as of September 2024
|-
! Race and ethnicity<ref>{{cite web |title=College Scorecard: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities |url=https://collegescorecard.ed.gov/school/?174066-University-of-Minnesota-Twin-Cities |publisher=[[United States Department of Education]] |access-date=September 7, 2024}}</ref>
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White]]
|align=right| {{bartable|61|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
|align=right| {{bartable|12|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| [[African Americans|Black]]
|align=right| {{bartable|8|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| Other{{efn|Other consists of [[Multiracial Americans]] & those who prefer to not say.}}
|align=right| {{bartable|7|%|2||background:brown}}
|-
| [[Foreign national]]
|align=right| {{bartable|6|%|2||background:orange}}
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]
|align=right| {{bartable|6|%|2||background:green}}
|-
! colspan="4" data-sort-type=number |[[Economic diversity]]
|-
| [[American lower class|Low-income]]{{efn|The percentage of students who received an income-based federal [[Pell grant]] intended for low-income students.}}
|align=right| {{bartable|21|%|2||background:red}}
|-
| [[Affluence in the United States|Affluent]]{{efn|The percentage of students who are a part of the [[American middle class]] at the bare minimum.}}
|align=right| {{bartable|79|%|2||background:black}}
|}

Among matriculants to the university, 66.8% are considered Minnesota residents and 33.2% are considered out-of-state residents. According to the University Office of Institutional Data and Research, as of fall 2023, there were 30,469 undergraduates at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus. Of that number, 6,736 were first-time, degree-seeking freshmen. There were 11,233 graduate students.<ref>{{cite web |title=IDR : Reports by Topic Enrollment: Enrollments |url=https://idr.umn.edu/reports-by-topic-enrollment/enrollments |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119001227/https://idr.umn.edu/reports-by-topic-enrollment/enrollments |archive-date=January 19, 2024 |access-date=March 20, 2024 |website=Institutional Data and Research |publisher=Regents of the University of Minnesota}}</ref>

===Greek life, professional and honor societies===
{{main|University of Minnesota fraternities and sororities}}
The University of Minnesota has numerous fraternities and sororities. Including defunct branches, the Greek System numbers more than 200 organizations, approximately half of which operate today.<ref>For examples, see any edition of the [http://umedia.lib.umn.edu/taxonomy/term/819 Minnesota Gopher Yearbook] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606182130/http://umedia.lib.umn.edu/taxonomy/term/819 |date=June 6, 2017 }}, which featured fraternities and sororities during its century-long publication run. Website accessed June 30, 2014.</ref> The university's Greek societies include the residential [[Fraternities and sororities in North America|Academic and Social]] chapters, including non-residential multicultural groups. The Greek System includes some but not all [[Professional fraternities and sororities|Professional Fraternities]], [[Honor society|Honor Societies]], Religious and [[Service fraternities and sororities|Service Fraternities]]. Fraternities and sororities have built several historically significant "Fraternity Row" homes along University Ave. SE, 10th Ave. SE, 4th Street SE, and 5th Street SE, all in Minneapolis, or along Cleveland Ave. near the St. Paul campus.<ref name="HistoricalStudy2003">{{Cite news |title=University of Minnesota Greek Letter Chapter House Designation Study, prepared for the Minneapolis Heritage Preservation Commission |author=Carole Zellie |location=Author's firm: Landscape Research, St. Paul, MN |date=2003 |pages=3–4 of 180, and throughout by chapter entry}}</ref>

As of June 2018, approximately 3,900 system members made up about 11% of the campus population. Minnesota hosts 38 academic fraternities, 20 academic sororities, 56 honors societies, 31 professional societies, and two service-focused chapters.<ref name="OFSL2017">[http://fsl.umn.edu/about-us/reports-statistics/ The University of Minnesota / Office for Fraternity and Sorority Life annual report] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907032245/http://fsl.umn.edu/about-us/reports-statistics/ |date=September 7, 2018 }}, accessed September 9, 2018</ref><ref>University of Minnesota, [http://sua.umn.edu/ List of student organizations] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628202548/http://sua.umn.edu/ |date=June 28, 2014 }}.</ref>

===Media===
[[File:Northrupmall.jpg|thumb|upright|The eastern edge of the Northrop Mall, Spring 2008]]

====Print====
''[[Minnesota Daily|The Minnesota Daily]]'' has been published twice a week during the normal school season since the fall semester 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.startribune.com/u-of-m-student-newspaper-to-cut-back-print-edition-to-2-days-a-week/384877851/ |title=U of M student newspaper to cut back print edition to 2 days a week |last=Maura |first=Lerner |date=June 29, 2016 |work=Star Tribune |access-date=August 2, 2016 |archive-date=August 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809172100/http://www.startribune.com/u-of-m-student-newspaper-to-cut-back-print-edition-to-2-days-a-week/384877851/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> It is printed weekly during the summer. The ''Daily'' is operated by an autonomous organization run entirely by students. It was first published on May 1, 1900. Besides everyday news coverage, the paper has also published special issues, such as the Grapevine Awards, Ski-U-Mah, the Bar & Beer Guide, Sex-U-Mah, and others.

A long-defunct humor magazine, ''[[Ski-U-Mah (magazine)|Ski-U-Mah]]'', was published from about 1930 to 1950. It launched the career of novelist and scriptwriter [[Max Shulman]].

A relative newcomer to the university's print media community is ''[[The Wake Student Magazine]]'', a weekly that covers UMN-related stories and provides a forum for student expression. It was founded in November 2001 in an effort to diversify campus media and achieved student group status in February 2002.<ref name="fund">{{cite web |url=http://www.sua.umn.edu/groups/funding/fees/requests/studentorgs/thewake.pdf?PHPSESSID=1 |title=2008–2009 Student Organization Student Services Fees Request |access-date=March 12, 2008 |date=January 25, 2008}}{{dead link|date=September 2012}}</ref> Students from many disciplines do all of the reporting, writing, editing, illustration, photography, layout, and business management for the publication. The magazine was founded by James DeLong and Chris Ruen.<ref name="dead"/> ''The Wake'' was named the nation's best campus publication (2006) by the Independent Press Association.<ref name="fund"/>

Additionally, the ''Wake'' publishes ''Liminal'', a literary journal begun in 2005. ''Liminal'' was created in the absence of an undergraduate literary journal and continues to bring poetry and prose to the university community.

''The Wake'' has faced a number of challenges during its existence, due in part to the reliance on student fees funding. In April 2004, after the Student Services Fees Committee had initially declined to fund it, the needed $60,000 in funding was restored, allowing the magazine to continue publishing.<ref name="dead">{{cite web |url=http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2004/04/07/9112 |title=Official Restores Wake's Funding |access-date=March 12, 2008 |date=April 7, 2004 |first=Jens |last=Krogstad |work=The Minnesota Daily |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040625230120/http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2004/04/07/9112 |archive-date=June 25, 2004}}</ref> It faced further challenges in 2005, when its request for additional funding to publish weekly was denied<ref name="dead2">{{cite news |url=http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2005/02/18/63317 |title=Wake Awaits Fees Decision |access-date=March 12, 2008 |date=February 18, 2005 |first=Bryce |last=Haugen |newspaper=The Minnesota Daily |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050220004605/http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2005/02/18/63317 |archive-date=February 20, 2005}}</ref> and then partially restored.<ref name="dead4">{{cite news |url=http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2005/03/10/63664 |title=Final Recommendations In |access-date=March 12, 2008 |date=March 10, 2005 |first=Bryce |last=Haugen |newspaper=The Minnesota Daily |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050312130639/http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2005/03/10/63664 |archive-date=March 12, 2005}}</ref>

In 2005 conservatives on campus began formulating a new publication named ''The Minnesota Republic''. The first issue was released in February 2006, and funding by student service fees started in September 2006. ''The Republic'' is a biweekly newspaper run entirely by students, reporting on campus, state, and national news with commentary on sports, economics, and arts and entertainment.

''The Republic'' is a member of the [[Collegiate Network]], a program that includes over 100 publications at colleges and universities around the United States.

====Radio====
[[File:University of Minnesota on College Bowl 1953-54.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|The University of Minnesota on the radio version of the ''[[College Bowl]]'', {{circa|1953}}–54]]
The campus radio station, [[KUOM]] "Radio K", broadcasts an eclectic variety of [[independent music]] during the day on 770 [[kHz]] [[AM radio|AM]]. Its 5,000-watt signal has a range of {{cvt|80|mi|km}}, but shuts down at dusk because of [[Federal Communications Commission]] regulations. In 2003, the station added a low-power (8-watt) signal on 106.5&nbsp;MHz [[FM radio|FM]] overnight and on weekends. In 2005, a 10-watt translator began broadcasting from Falcon Heights on 100.7 FM at all times. Radio K also [[Internet radio|stream]]s its content at www.radiok.org. With roots in experimental transmissions that began before World War I, the station received the first AM broadcast license in the state on January 13, 1922, and began broadcasting as [[Radio K|WLB]], changing to the KUOM [[radio call sign|call sign]] about two decades later. The station had an educational format until 1993, when it merged with a smaller campus-only music station to become what is now known as Radio K. A small group of full-time employees are joined by over 20 part-time student employees who oversee the station. Most of the on-air talent consists of student volunteers.

====Television====
Some television programs made on campus have been broadcast on local [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] station [[KTCI]] channel 17. Several episodes of ''Great Conversations'' have been made since 2002, featuring one-on-one discussions between University faculty and experts brought in from around the world. ''Tech Talk'' was a show meant to help people who feel intimidated by modern technology, including cell phones and computers.

===Student Government===
The Undergraduate Student Government advocates for student interests on local, state, and federal levels, and focuses on efforts that directly benefit the student population. It was instrumental in passing legislation in the 2013 Minnesota Legislature for medical amnesty.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mndaily.com/lifestyle/alcohol/2013/07/31/under-medical-amnesty-law-underage-drinkers-will-get-new-legal-protecti |title=Under medical amnesty law, underage drinkers will get new legal protections: Underage drinkers will be able to call 911 without fearing a citation. |date=July 31, 2013 |newspaper=[[Minnesota Daily]] |last=Nelson |first=Cody |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727170936/http://www.mndaily.com/lifestyle/alcohol/2013/07/31/under-medical-amnesty-law-underage-drinkers-will-get-new-legal-protecti |archive-date=July 27, 2014}}</ref>

The Council of Graduate Students and the Professional Student Government represent the interests of students in graduate and professional study programs, respectively. Formerly, they were represented by one organization known as the Graduate and Professional Student Assembly, which splintered in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/umn.edu/umnpsg/psg/mission-history |title=UMN PSG - Mission and History |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Professional Student Government |publisher=Professional Student Government, University of Minnesota |access-date=October 18, 2021 |quote= |archive-date=October 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018190927/https://sites.google.com/umn.edu/umnpsg/psg/mission-history |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=November 25, 2013 |title=COGS set to leave GAPSA |url=https://mndaily.com/208983/uncategorized/cogs-set-leave-gapsa/ |work=Minnesota Daily |location= |access-date=October 18, 2021 |archive-date=October 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018191622/https://mndaily.com/208983/uncategorized/cogs-set-leave-gapsa/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Student activism===
Student activism has played an important role at the university, including campaigns to desegregate campus housing in the 1930s and 1940s,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://acampusdivided.umn.edu/index.php/essay/segregated-student-housing/ |title=Segregated Student Housing and the Activists Who Defeated It : A Campus Divided |access-date=October 7, 2020 |archive-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801180731/http://acampusdivided.umn.edu/index.php/essay/segregated-student-housing/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Black students' take over of Morrill Hall in 1969, which led to the creation of the Department of Afro-American Studies,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mnopedia.org/event/morrill-hall-takeover-university-minnesota |title=Morrill Hall Takeover, University of Minnesota &#124; MNopedia |access-date=October 7, 2020 |archive-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029164310/https://www.mnopedia.org/event/morrill-hall-takeover-university-minnesota |url-status=live}}</ref> now known as the Department of African-American and African Studies,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cla.umn.edu/aaas/about/history |title=History &#124; African American & African Studies &#124; College of Liberal Arts |access-date=October 7, 2020 |archive-date=October 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004025212/https://cla.umn.edu/aaas/about/history |url-status=live}}</ref> the 1970 student strike against war,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.continuum.umn.edu/2020/06/1970-student-strike-50-years-later/ |title=1970 Student Strike–50 Years Later |date=June 25, 2020 |access-date=October 7, 2020 |archive-date=October 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001134902/https://www.continuum.umn.edu/2020/06/1970-student-strike-50-years-later/ |url-status=live}}</ref> campaigns to keep the [[General College Truth Movement|General College]] open in the 2000s, campaigns against racism in 2014–2015 known as Whose Diversity?,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demands |url=http://whosediversity.weebly.com/demands.html |access-date=September 3, 2022 |website=Whose Diversity? |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903204852/https://whosediversity.weebly.com/demands.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and many graduate student unionization efforts. For example, labor coalition efforts in the 2021–2022 academic year highlighted poor wages, poor stipend conditions, and administrative disrespect for graduate student workers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/view/umn-graduate-labor-coalition/home/wage-advocacy/current-state-of-grad-student-stipends?authuser=0 |title=2022 Graduate Student Economic Issues |access-date=April 21, 2022 |archive-date=April 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421201643/https://sites.google.com/view/umn-graduate-labor-coalition/home/wage-advocacy/current-state-of-grad-student-stipends?authuser=0 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the 2022-2023 academic year, labor efforts materialized into a campaign and a vote that culminated in the formation of the Graduate Labor Union-United Electrical (GLU-UE), the labor union currently representing graduate student workers at the University of Minnesota.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://mndaily.com/275959/news/umn-grad-student-workers-launch-unionization-campaign/ |title=UMN Grad Student Workers Launch Unionization Campaign |newspaper=The Minnesota Daily |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317160225/https://mndaily.com/275959/news/umn-grad-student-workers-launch-unionization-campaign/ |url-status=live |last1=Brown |first1=Ainsley }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Ainsley |title=UMN graduate students vote to unionize |url=https://mndaily.com/276912/news/umn-graduate-students-vote-to-unionize/ |access-date=May 3, 2023 |website=The Minnesota Daily |archive-date=May 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503181057/https://mndaily.com/276912/news/umn-graduate-students-vote-to-unionize/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Athletics==
{{main|Minnesota Golden Gophers}}
[[File:Goldy Gopher (Bronze and Granite, 2015).jpg|thumb|[[Goldy Gopher]] statue in front of [[Coffman Memorial Union]]]]

Minnesota's Twin Cities campus athletics teams are called the [[Minnesota Golden Gophers]] and are members of the [[Big Ten Conference]] and the [[Western Collegiate Hockey Association]] (WCHA) in the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA). As of 2019, they have won 19 NCAA championships<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/champs_records_book/Overall.pdf |title=Championships Summary through June 26, 2019 |publisher=NCAA |date=June 26, 2019 |access-date=October 18, 2019 |archive-date=March 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320185655/http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/champs_records_book/Overall.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> and claim six national football championships.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ncaa.com/news/football/article/2023-01-09/college-football-teams-most-national-championships |title=College football teams with the most national championships |last=Wilco |first=Daniel |publisher=National Collegiate Athletic Association |date=January 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512193714/https://www.ncaa.com/news/football/article/2023-01-09/college-football-teams-most-national-championships |archive-date=May 12, 2023 }}</ref>

Since the 2013–14 school year, the only Minnesota team that does not compete in the Big Ten is the [[Minnesota Golden Gophers women's ice hockey|women's ice hockey team]], which competes in the WCHA. The Gophers [[Minnesota Golden Gophers men's ice hockey|men's ice hockey team]] was a longtime WCHA member, but left when the Big Ten began operating a [[Big Ten Conference (ice hockey)|men's ice hockey league]] with six inaugural members. The current athletic director is [[Mark Coyle]].

The Golden Gophers' most notable rivalry is the annual college football game against the [[Wisconsin Badgers]] for [[Paul Bunyan's Axe]]. The two universities also compete in the Border Battle, a year-long athletic competition in which each sport season is worth 40 points divided by the number of times the teams play each other (i.e. football is worth 40 points because they play each other only once, while women's ice hockey is worth 10 points per game because they play four times a year). Conference and postseason [[playoffs]] do not count in the point standings.

[[Goldy Gopher]] is the mascot for the Twin Cities campus and the associated sports teams. The [[gopher (animal)|gopher]] mascot is a tradition as old as the state, which was tabbed the "Gopher State" in 1857 after a political cartoon ridiculing the $5 million railroad loan that helped open up the West. The cartoon portrayed shifty railroad barons as striped gophers pulling a railroad car carrying the Territorial Legislature. Later, the university picked up the nickname with the first university [[yearbook]], bearing the name "Gopher Annual", appearing in 1887.

The [[Minnesota Rouser]] is the university's [[fight song]]. It is commonly played and sung by the 320-member [[University of Minnesota Marching Band|Minnesota Marching Band]] at events such as [[Graduation|commencement]], [[convocation]], and athletic games. Other songs associated with the university include the [[Minnesota March]], which was composed for the university by [[John Philip Sousa]], and [[Hail! Minnesota]], the university's [[Alma mater (song)|alma mater]] and [[List of U.S. state songs|state song]] of Minnesota.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://cla.umn.edu/music/ensembles-creative-work/marching-band/history-traditions/school-songs |title=School Songs |work=College of Liberal Arts {{!}} University of Minnesota |access-date=August 4, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=July 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701071118/https://cla.umn.edu/music/ensembles-creative-work/marching-band/history-traditions/school-songs |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Football===
{{main|Minnesota Golden Gophers football}}
[[File:TCF Bank Stadium opener.jpg|thumb|[[Huntington Bank Stadium]] replaced the [[Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome]] as the Gophers' home stadium in 2009.]]

The Minnesota Golden Gophers are one of the oldest programs in college football history. They have won seven [[national championship]]s and 18 [[List of Big Ten National Championships|Big Ten Conference Championships]]. The Golden Gophers played their first game on September 29, 1882, a 4–0 victory over [[Hamline University]], St. Paul. In 1887, the Golden Gophers played host to the Wisconsin Badgers in a 63–0 victory. With the exception of 1906, the Golden Gophers and Badgers have played each other every year since. The 128 games played against each other make this the most played rivalry in NCAA Division I FBS college football.

During their illustrious history, the Golden Gophers achieved a remarkable feat with a three-peat national championship run from 1934 to 1936. This period solidified their reputation as a powerhouse in the sport, leaving an indelible mark on college football history. To date, this remains the highest consecutive championship count in NCAA Division I FBS college football history, a record shared with the Georgia Bulldogs.

In 1981, the Golden Gophers played their last game in [[Memorial Stadium (University of Minnesota)|Memorial Stadium]]. Between 1982 and 2008, the school played their home games in the [[Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome]] in downtown Minneapolis. They moved back to campus on September 12, 2009, when their new home, TCF Bank Stadium, opened with a game against the [[2009 Air Force Falcons football team|Air Force Falcons]] of the [[United States Air Force Academy|U.S. Air Force Academy]]. Often referred to as The Bank, the stadium was renamed [[Huntington Bank Stadium]] in June 2021 to reflect the acquisition of TCF Bank by Huntington Bank.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/sports-m-footbl-archive-minn-m-footbl-archive-html | title=Archives }}{{fcn|date=September 2024}}</ref>

===Basketball===
{{main|Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball|Minnesota Golden Gophers women's basketball}}
[[File:Williams arena ent.JPG|thumb|The Golden Gophers have played basketball home games in [[Williams Arena]] since 1928.]]

The Golden Gophers men's basketball team has won two [[Helms Athletic Foundation#National championship selections|National Championships]], two [[National Invitation Tournament]] (NIT) Championships, and eight Big Ten Regular Season Championships. They also have fourteen [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA Tournament]] appearances, including a [[Final Four]] appearance in 1997 and three [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|Sweet 16]] appearances. Overall the Golden Gophers have a 15-13 record in the NCAA tournament with their highest ranking being a 1 seed in 1997. However, because of [[University of Minnesota basketball scandal|NCAA sanctions for academic fraud]], all postseason appearances from 1994 to 1998—in the NCAA Tournament in 1994, 1995, and 1997 and NIT in 1996 and 1998—were vacated. With these seasons removed the Gophers have gone 9-10 in the NCAA tournament with a highest ranking of the 2 seed in 1984. Most recently, in April 2014 the Golden Gophers defeated SMU to win the NIT championship at Madison Square Garden in New York City.

The [[Golden Gophers]] women's basketball team has enjoyed success in recent years under [[Pam Borton]], including a [[Final Four]] appearance in 2004. The Golden Gophers have a 12-10 record in the NCAA tournament with their highest ranking being a 3 seed in 2005. Overall, they have ten [[NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA Tournament]] appearances and three [[NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship|Sweet 16]] appearances.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/sports-m-baskbl-archive-minn-m-baskbl-archive-html | title=Archives }}{{fcn|date=September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/sports-w-baskbl-archive-minn-w-baskbl-archive-html | title=Archives }}{{fcn|date=September 2024}}</ref>

===Hockey===
{{main|Minnesota Golden Gophers men's ice hockey|Minnesota Golden Gophers women's ice hockey}}
[[File:Mariucci Arena.jpg|thumb|[[3M Arena at Mariucci]] is home to the men's ice hockey team.]]

The Golden Gophers men's hockey program has won 5 [[NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship#NCAA Men's Division I Ice Hockey Championship|Division I National Championships]], and 29 conference championships (including 22 [[Western Collegiate Hockey Association men's champions|WCHA]] and 7 [[Big Ten men's ice hockey champions|Big Ten Hockey]] season championships. They have won 14 [[Western Collegiate Hockey Association men's champions|WCHA Tournament Championships]] and have 23 NCAA [[Frozen Four]] appearances. Their most recent NCAA tournament run was in 2023 where they made it to the championship game, but lost to the Quinnipiac Bobcats. A former Golden Gophers hockey tradition was to fill a majority of the team roster with Minnesota natives. Home games are played at Mariucci Arena. The Golden Gophers' big rivals are the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] and the [[University of North Dakota]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/sports-m-hockey-archive-minn-m-hockey-archive-html | title=Archives }}{{fcn|date=September 2024}}</ref>

The Golden Gophers women's hockey team has won six NCAA National Championships, most recently in 2016, and nine WCHA Regular Season Championships. They have also won seven WCHA Tournament Championships and have eleven NCAA Frozen Four appearances. They play their home games in [[Ridder Arena]]. They were the first collegiate women's hockey team to play in an arena dedicated solely to women's ice hockey. In the 2012–2013 season they finished undefeated at 41–0, and are the first and only NCAA women's hockey team to do so. After winning the NCAA tournament their winning streak stood at 49 games, dating back to February 17, 2012, when they lost to North Dakota.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/sports-w-hockey-archive-minn-w-hockey-archive-html | title=Archives }}{{fcn|date=September 2024}}</ref>

===Other sports===
The Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball team boasts a storied history marked by championship success, particularly in the Big Ten Conference. Since its inception, the Golden Gophers have won 24 Big Ten championships with their most recent being in 2018. Along with Big Ten titles the Golden Gophers have made the College World Series 5 times with a 17-7 record and 3 NCAA championships with their most recent being in 1964.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/sports-m-basebl-archive-minn-m-basebl-archive-html | title=Baseball Archives }}{{fcn|date=September 2024}}</ref>

The first Division I collegiate women's rugby club in the state, the Golden Gophers women's rugby club team won the Midwest conference championship in 2015, 2016, and 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Minnesota Women's Rugby Club |url=https://www.gopherwomensrugby.com/ |access-date=September 28, 2021 |website=University of Minnesota Women's Rugby Club |language=en-US |archive-date=September 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928192718/https://www.gopherwomensrugby.com/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The Golden Gophers women's gymnastics team competes in the Maturi Pavilion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gophersports.com/index.aspx?path=wgym |title=Women's Gymnastics |website=University of Minnesota Athletics |language=en |access-date=February 10, 2019 |archive-date=February 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212130835/https://gophersports.com/index.aspx?path=wgym |url-status=live}}</ref> The team has won nine Big Ten titles, the most recent in 2021. Along with nine Big Ten titles, the Golden Gophers have made the NCAA tournament six times, with their highest placement being 6th in 2022, with a total team score of 197.1125.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/sports-w-gym-archive-minn-w-gym-archive-html | title=Archives }}{{fcn|date=September 2024}}</ref>

The cross country and track and field programs have produced several professional runners, including [[Ben Blankenship]], [[Gabriele Grunewald|Gabriele Grunwald]], and [[Charles R. Lawrence|Charlie Lawrence]]. They also host the [[Roy Griak]] meet, a large collegiate cross country meet.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/25/roy-griak-invitational-home.aspx |title=2021 Roy Griak Invitational |access-date=April 27, 2021 |archive-date=April 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427160115/https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/25/roy-griak-invitational-home.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{Main list|List of University of Minnesota people}}

<gallery class="center">
File:Sen William L Armstrong.jpg|[[William L. Armstrong]], businessman and US Senator from Colorado
File:Stephane Bancel.png|[[Stéphane Bancel]], CEO of [[Moderna]]
File:Norman Borlaug.jpg|[[Norman Borlaug]] (B.S, Forestry, 1937; M.S. (1939) and Ph.D. (1942), Plant Pathology), 1970 [[Nobel Peace Prize]]
File:Herb Brooks 1983.JPG|[[Herb Brooks]] (B.A., 1962), [[Ice hockey at the Winter Olympics|Olympic ice hockey]] coach
File:Nick Clegg by the 2009 budget cropped.jpg|[[Nick Clegg]] (Fellow, 1989–90) [[Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]]
File:Bob Dylan - Azkena Rock Festival 2010 2.jpg|[[Bob Dylan]] (Literature & Arts, 1959–1960) 2016 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]
File:Hubert Humphrey crop.jpg|[[Hubert Humphrey]] (B.A., 1939) [[List of Vice Presidents of the United States|38th Vice President of the United States]]
File:GKpress.jpg|[[Garrison Keillor]] (B.S, English, 1966), author
File:Walter Mondale 1977 vice presidential portrait.jpg|[[Walter Mondale]] (B.A., Political Science, 1951), [[List of Vice Presidents of the United States|42nd Vice President of the United States]]
File:Slayton.jpg|[[Deke Slayton]] (B.S., Aeronautical Engineering, 1949), [[Mercury Seven]] [[astronaut]]
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of colleges and universities in Minnesota]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|University of Minnesota}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://gophersports.com/ University of Minnesota Athletics]
* [https://conservancy.umn.edu/ University Digital Conservancy]
* {{Cite AmCyc |wstitle=Minnesota, University of |short=x}}
* {{Cite NSRW |wstitle=University of Minnesota |short=x}}
* {{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Minnesota, University of|short=x}}

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