Editing Uridine triphosphate

{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 413100674
| ImageFile = Uridintriphosphat2.svg
| ImageAlt = Skeletal formula of UTP
| ImageFile1 = Uridine triphosphate 3D spacefill.png
| ImageAlt1 = Ball-and-stick model of the UTP molecule as an anion
| IUPACName = Uridine 5′-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate)
| SystematicName = ''O''<sup>1</sup>-<nowiki/>{[(2''R'',3''S'',4''R'',5''R'')-5-(2,4-Dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2''H'')-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl} tetrahydrogen triphosphate
| OtherNames = 
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 63-39-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = UT0S826Z60
| PubChem = 6133
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 605653
| SMILES = 
| MeSHName = Uridine+triphosphate
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C=9 | H=15 | N=2 | O=15 | P=3
| Appearance = 
| Density = 
| MeltingPt = 
| BoilingPt = 
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = 
| FlashPt = 
| AutoignitionPt = 
  }}
}}
'''Uridine-5′-triphosphate''' ('''UTP''') is a [[pyrimidine]] [[nucleoside triphosphate]], consisting of the [[organic base]] [[uracil]] linked to the 1′ carbon of the [[ribose]] sugar, and esterified with tri-[[phosphoric acid]] at the 5′ position. Its main role is as substrate for the synthesis of [[RNA]] during [[transcription (genetics)|transcription]]. UTP is the precursor for the production of [[Cytidine Triphosphate|CTP]] via [[CTP synthetase]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Meisenberg|first=Gerhard Meisenberg|title=Principles of Medical Biochemistry|publisher=Elsevier|year=2017|isbn=978-0-323-29616-8|location=Philadelphia, PA, USA|pages=505}}</ref> UTP can be biosynthesized from UDP by Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase after using the phosphate group from ATP.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Victor|first=Rodwell|title=Haper's illustrated Biochemistry|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2015|isbn=978-0-07-182537-5|location=USA|pages=118}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Meisenberg|first=Gerhard Meisenberg|title=Principles of MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, 4th edition|publisher=Elsevier|year=2017|isbn=978-0-323-29616-8|location=Philadelphia, PA, USA|pages=59}}</ref> UDP + ATP ⇌ UTP + ADP;<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Voet|first=Donald|title=Biochemistry, 4th edition|publisher=JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC|year=2011|isbn=978-0-470-57095-1|location=USA|pages=645}}</ref> both UTP and ATP are energetically equal.<ref name=":0" />

The homologue in DNA is [[thymidine triphosphate]] (TTP or dTTP). UTP also has a deoxyribose form (dUTP).

==Role in metabolism==
UTP also has the role of a source of energy or an activator of substrates in metabolic reactions, like that of [[Adenosine Triphosphate|ATP]], but more specific. When UTP activates a substrate (such as glucose-1-phosphate), UDP-glucose is formed and inorganic phosphate is released.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rodwell|first=Victor|title=Harper's illustrated Biochemistry|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2015|isbn=978-0-07-182537-5|location=USA|pages=176}}</ref>  
[[UDP-glucose]] enters the synthesis of [[glycogen]]. UTP is used in the metabolism of [[galactose]], where the activated form [[UDP-galactose]] is converted to UDP-glucose. [[UDP-glucuronate]] is used to conjugate [[bilirubin]] to a more water-soluble [[bilirubin diglucuronide]]. UTP is also used to activate amino sugars like glucosamine-1-phosphate to UDP-glucosamine, and ''N''-acetyl-glucosamine-1-phosphate to UDP-''N''-acetylglucosamine.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rodwell|first=Victor|title=Harper's illustrated biochemistry, 13th edition|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2015|isbn=978-0-07-182537-5|location=USA|pages=204}}</ref>

==Role in receptor mediation==
UTP also has roles in mediating responses by extracellular binding to the P2Y receptors of cells. UTP and its derivatives are still being investigated for their applications in human medicine. However, there is evidence from various model systems to suggest it has applications in pathogen defense and injury repair. In mice UTP has been found to interact with P2Y4 receptors to mediate an enhancement in antibody production.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Iwaki |first1=Yoshimi |last2=Sakai |first2=Yusuke |last3=Ochiai |first3=Kenji |last4=Umemura |first4=Takashi |last5=Sunden |first5=Yuji |date=2014-03-01 |title=Enhancement of antibody production against rabies virus by uridine 5′-triphosphate in mice |journal=Microbes and Infection |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=196–202 |doi=10.1016/j.micinf.2013.11.012 |pmid=24309427 |issn=1286-4579|doi-access=free }}</ref> In Schwannoma cells, UTP binds to the P2YP receptors in the event of damage.  This leads to the downstream signal cascade that leads to the eventual injury repair.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lamarca |first1=Aloa |last2=Gella |first2=Alejandro |last3=Martiañez |first3=Tania |last4=Segura |first4=Mònica |last5=Figueiro-Silva |first5=Joana |last6=Grijota-Martinez |first6=Carmen |last7=Trullas |first7=Ramón |last8=Casals |first8=Núria |date=2014-06-06 |editor-last=Zegers |editor-first=Mirjam M. |title=Uridine 5′-Triphosphate Promotes In Vitro Schwannoma Cell Migration through Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activation |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=e98998 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0098998 |pmid=24905332 |pmc=4048211 |issn=1932-6203 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2014PLoSO...998998L }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[CTP synthase]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides}}
{{Purinergics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uridine Triphosphate}}
[[Category:Nucleotides]]
[[Category:Gene expression]]
[[Category:Metabolism]]
[[Category:Phosphate esters]]
[[Category:Pyrimidinediones]]