Editing Valgus deformity

{{short description|Deformity in which the bone near a joint is angled outward}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2020}}

{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Valgus deformity
| image           = valgus.jpg
| caption         = Valgus deformity of the knee (''[[genu valgum]]''), seen in [[MRI]] and photograph
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A '''valgus deformity''' is a condition in which the bone segment [[anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal|distal]] to a joint is angled outward, that is, angled [[anatomical terms of location#Medial and lateral|laterally]], away from the body's midline.<ref>[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1358051-overview Pediatric Ankle Valgus article in MedScape]</ref> The opposite deformation, where the twist or angulation is directed medially, toward the center of the body, is called [[varus deformity|varus]]. 

==Knee arthritis with valgus knee==

[[Rheumatoid]] knee commonly presents as valgus knee. [[Osteoarthritis]] knee may also sometimes present with valgus deformity though varus deformity is common. [[Total knee arthroplasty]] (TKA) to correct valgus deformity is surgically difficult and requires specialized implants called [[Knee replacement|constrained condylar knees]].

==Examples==
[[File:Cubitus varus and cubitus valgus.png|thumb|[[Cubitus varus]] and [[cubitus valgus]]]]
* '''Ankle:''' ''talipes valgus'' (from Latin ''talus'' = ankle and ''pes'' = foot) – outward turning of the heel, resulting in a 'flat foot' presentation.
* '''Elbows:''' ''[[cubitus valgus]]'' (from Latin ''cubitus'' = elbow) – forearm is angled away from the body.
* '''Foot:''' ''pes valgus'' (from Latin ''pes'' = foot) – a medial deviation of the foot at subtalar joint.
* '''Hand:''' ''manus valgus'' (from Latin ''manus'' = hand)
* '''Hip:''' ''[[coxa valga]]'' (from Latin ''coxa'' = hip) – the shaft of the [[femur]] is bent outward in respect to the neck of the femur. Coxa valga >125 degrees. Coxa vara <125 degrees.
* '''Knee:''' ''[[genu valgum]]'' (from Latin ''genu'' = knee) – the [[tibia]] is turned outward in relation to the femur, resulting in a "knock-kneed" appearance. Common causes of knock-knee in adults include [[arthritis]] of the knee and [[Injury|traumatic injuries]].
* '''Toe:''' ''[[hallux valgus]]'' (from Latin ''hallux'' = big toe) – outward deviation of the big toe toward the second toe, resulting in [[bunion]].
* '''Wrist:''' ''[[Madelung's deformity]]'' – deformity wherein the wrist bones are not formed properly due to a genetic disorder.

==Terminology==
[[File:IgorTheChihuahua.png|thumb|A [[Chihuahua (dog)|chihuahua]] with a valgus deformity in the left forelimb]]
Valgus is a term for outward angulation of the [[Anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal|distal]] segment of a [[bone]] or [[joint]]. The opposite condition is called varus, which is a medial deviation of the distal bone. The terms "varus" and "valgus" always refer to the direction in which the distal segment of the joint points. The original Latin definitions for ''varus'' and ''valgus'' were the opposite of their current usage.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, V , Vargŭla , vārus|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:alphabetic+letter=V:entry+group=4:entry=varus1|access-date=2020-06-05|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> For a discussion of the [[etymology]] of these words, see the entry under [[varus deformity|varus]]. A mnemonic to remember the two deformities is that valgus contains an "L", for Lateral deviation.

==See also==
* [[Varus deformity]]

{{Commons category|Valgus deformity}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
* Canale & Beaty: Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 11th ed. - 2007 - Mosby, An Imprint of Elsevier
* Bowed Leg (Varus) and Knock-Knee (Valgus) Malalignment: Everything You Need to Know to Make the Right Treatment Decision-Understanding lower limb malalignment-Tibial osteotomy for bowed legs, Noyes, Frank R. and Barber-Westin, Sue, Amazon Digital Version, Publish Green (October 6, 2013)

== External links ==
{{Medical resources
 | DiseasesDB     = |
 | ICD10          = {{ICD10|M|21|0|m|20}} |
 | ICD9           = {{ICD9|736.79}}
}}

{{Acquired deformities}}

[[Category:Arthropathies]]
[[Category:Medical signs]]
[[Category:Skeletal disorders]]