Editing Vampyromorphida

{{Short description|Order of molluscs}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Jurassic|recent}}
| image = Vampyroteuthis illustration.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Vampire squid|Vampyroteuthis infernalis]]''
| taxon = Vampyromorphida
| authority = [[G. E. Pickford|Pickford]], 1939
| subdivision_ranks = Suborders
| subdivision = ?†[[Kelaenina]]<br />
†[[Prototeuthina]]<br />
†[[Mesoteuthina]]<br />
[[Vampyromorphina]]
| synonyms = *Vampyromorpha<br /><small>Grimpe, 1917</small>
}}

'''Vampyromorphida''' is an [[Order (biology)|order]] of [[cephalopod]]s comprising one known [[extant taxon|extant]] species (''[[Vampire squid|Vampyroteuthis infernalis]]'') and many [[extinction|extinct]] [[taxon|taxa]]. Physically, they somewhat resemble [[octopus]]es (their closest relatives), but are often called vampire [[squid]]s. Unlike octopuses, their eight arms are united by a web of skin, and two smaller cilia are also present.<ref name=IZ>{{cite book |author= Barnes, Robert D. |year=1982 |title= Invertebrate Zoology |publisher= Holt-Saunders International |location= Philadelphia, PA|page= 461|isbn= 0-03-056747-5}}</ref> Properly speaking, the vampire squid does not possess cilia, but cirri (cilia-like projections).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hoving |first1=Hendrik J. T. |last2=Robison |first2=Bruce H. |title=Vampire squid: detritivores in the oxygen minimum zone |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |date=22 November 2012 |volume=279 |issue=1747 |pages=4559–4567 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2012.1357 |pmid=23015627 |pmc=3479720 }}</ref> Unlike most cephalopods, which are high-energy hunters, the vampire squid has an extremely low metabolic rate. This adaptation means it requires less oxygen and its food lasts longer, helping it conserve energy and thrive in these harsh deep-sea conditions. Studies show its oxygen consumption is among the lowest of any cephalopod, allowing it to occupy a competition-free niche in the deep sea where few predators or competitors can follow, since not many can survive.<ref>Seibel, B. A., Thuesen, E. V., Childress, J. J., & Gorodezky, L. A. (1999). Decline in pelagic cephalopod metabolism with habitat depth reflects differences in locomotory efficiency. Biological Bulletin, 197(2), 207–225.
</ref>

==Classification==
*Order '''Vampyromorphida'''{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}
**Suborder †[[Kelaenina]]
***Family †[[Muensterellidae]]
**Suborder †[[Prototeuthina]]
***Family †[[Loligosepiidae]]  
***Family †[[Geopeltididae]]  
***Family †[[Lioteuthididae]] 
***Family †[[Mastigophoridae]] 
**Suborder †[[Mesoteuthina]]
***Family †[[Palaeololiginidae]]
****Subfamily †[[Teudopseinae]]
****Subfamily †[[Palaeololigininae]]
**Suborder [[Vampyromorphina]]
***Family [[Vampyroteuthidae]]

The following taxa were long considered to belong to Vampyromorphida, but this placement may be incorrect:<ref>Fischer, Jean-Claude & Riou, Bernard (2002): ''Vampyronassa rhodanica'' nov. gen. nov sp., vampyromorphe (Cephalopoda, Coleoidea) du Callovien inférieur de la Voulte-sur-Rhône (Ardèche, France). ''Annales de Paléontologie'' '''88'''(1) 1−17. [French with English abstract] {{doi|10.1016/S0753-3969(02)01037-6}} (HTML abstract)</ref>
*Family †[[Plesioteuthididae]]  
*Family †[[Leptotheuthidae]][https://conchology.be/?t=2218&family=LEPTOTHEUTHIDAE]
*Family †[[Trachyteuthididae]]
**Subfamily †[[Trachyteuthidinae]]
**Subfamily †[[Actinosepiinae]]

{{Gallery
| title=
| width=300 | height=250 | align=left
| File:Leptoteuthis gigas 1.JPG |''[[Leptotheuthis|Leptotheuthis gigas]]''
| File:Muensterella scutellaris.JPG |''[[Muensterella|Muensterella scutellaris]]''
| File:Palaeololigo oblonga.JPG |''[[Palaeololigo|Palaeololigo oblonga]]''
| File:Teudopsis subcostata, Holzmaden, Germany, Early Jurassic - Royal Ontario Museum - DSC09936.JPG |''[[Teudopsis|Teudopsis subcostata]]''
| File:Vampylarge.JPG |''[[Vampyronassa|Vampyronassa rhodanica]]''
}}
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/TaxonTree.aspx?id=157715 The Taxonomicon: Order Vampyromorphida]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080305014742/http://www.fmnh.helsinki.fi/users/haaramo/Metazoa/Protostoma/Mollusca/Cephalopoda/Octopodiformes/Vampyromorpha.htm Mikko's Phylogeny Archive: Vampyromorpha]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q579822}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Octopodiformes]]
[[Category:Cephalopod orders]]


{{cephalopod-stub}}