Editing Vanilla extract

{{short description|Culinary liquid made from vanilla pods in ethanol solution}}
[[File:VanillaExtract.png|thumb|Vanilla extract in a clear glass vial]]

'''Vanilla extract''' is a [[Solution (chemistry)|solution]] made by [[maceration (food)|macerating]] and [[percolation|percolating]] [[vanilla|vanilla pods]] in a solution of [[ethanol]] and [[water]]. It is considered an essential ingredient in many Western desserts, especially baked goods like cakes, cookies, brownies, and cupcakes, as well as custards, ice creams, and puddings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saveur.com/how-vanilla-took-over-the-world|title=How vanilla became the world's favorite flavor|publisher=Saveur|author=Lior Lev Sercarz|date=3 October 2016|access-date=9 February 2018}}</ref> Although its primary [[Flavoring|flavor compound]] is [[vanillin]], pure vanilla extract contains several hundred additional flavor compounds, which are responsible for its complex, deep flavor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2015/the-flavor-rundown-natural-vs-artificial-flavors/|title=The Flavor Rundown: Natural vs. Artificial Flavors|author=C. Rose Kennedy|date=2017|publisher=Harvard University|access-date=9 February 2018}}</ref> By contrast, artificial vanilla flavor is typically  made up of only artificially derived [[vanillin]], which is frequently made from a by-product of the wood pulp industry.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-04-23|title=Rapid Differentiation between Natural and Artificial Vanilla Flavorings for Determining Food Fraud|url=https://www.foodsafetymagazine.com/signature-series/rapid-differentiation-between-natural-and-artificial-vanilla-flavorings-for-determining-food-fraud/|access-date=2020-11-03|website=Food Safety Magazine}}</ref>

Vanilla extract is the most common form of vanilla used today. [[Madagascar|Malagasy]], [[Mexico|Mexican]], [[Tahiti]]an, [[Indonesia]]n, and [[Ugandan]] vanilla beans are the main [[vanilla bean#Cultivars|varieties]] used today. The term "Bourbon vanilla" refers to the vanilla beans' provenance as being from the Bourbon Islands, most commonly Madagascar but also [[Mauritius]] and [[Réunion]]. The name comes from the period when the island of [[Réunion]] was ruled by the [[Bourbon kings]] of France and has no relation to [[Bourbon whiskey]].

== Legal definitions ==

=== US regulations ===
In the [[United States]], in order for a vanilla extract to be called pure, the [[Food and Drug Administration (United States)|U.S. Food and Drug Administration]] requires that the solution contain a minimum of 35% alcohol and 100g of vanilla beans per litre (13.35 ounces per gallon).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=169.3 | author=Food and Drug Administration |publisher=Department of Health and Human Services |title=Food and Drugs, Chapter I, Subchapter A, Food for Human Consumption, Part 169—Food Dressings and Flavorings  |work=[[Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations]] | date= April 1, 2010|access-date=14 July 2010}}</ref> Double and triple strength (up to 20-fold) vanilla extracts are also available, although these are primarily used for manufacturing and food service purposes where the amount of liquid in a recipe needs to be carefully monitored.

Natural vanilla [[flavoring]] is derived from vanilla beans with little to no alcohol. The maximum amount of alcohol that is usually present is only 2–3%. Therefore, by FDA regulations it cannot be called an extract.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}

=== Canadian regulations ===
Under the Food and Drug Regulations (C.R.C., c. 870), vanilla extract products have to be processed from vanilla beans: ''Vanilla planifolia'' or ''Vanilla tahitensia''. For every 100 ml of extract, it must contain an amount of soluble substances proportional to their natural state available for extract. Specifically, if the beans contain < 25% water content, the vanilla extract must consist of at least 10 g of vanilla beans; if the beans contain > 25% water content, the vanilla extract must consist of at least 7.5 g of vanilla beans. Vanilla extract should not contain added colour.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Branch|first1=Legislative Services|title=Consolidated federal laws of canada, Food and Drug Regulations|url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._870/page-57.html?txthl=vanilla#s-B.10.026|website=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca|date=27 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Companies that manufacture vanilla extract ==
* [[Adams Extract]]
* [[C.F. Sauer Company]]
* [[Dr. Oetker]]
* [[Frontier Natural Products]]
* [[Madécasse]]
* [[McCormick & Company]]
* [[Nielsen-Massey Vanillas]]
* [[Penzeys Spices]]
* [[Spice Islands (brand)]]
* [[Watkins Incorporated]]

== See also ==

* [[Herbal extract]]
* ''[[Vanilla planifolia]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Food additives]]
[[Category:Vanilla]]

[[de:Vanille (Gewürz)#Vanilleextrakt]]