Editing Velankanni

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Velankanni
| native_name              = 
| native_name_lang         = 
| other_name               = 
| settlement_type          = Special Grade Town Panchayat
| image_skyline            = Vailankanni Basilica1.jpg
| image_alt                = 
| image_caption            = Entrance to the Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health
| nickname                 = 
| pushpin_map              = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position   = right
| pushpin_map_alt          = 
| pushpin_map_caption      = Vailankanni, Tamil Nadu 
| coordinates              = {{coord|10.681900|N|79.843700|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1        = State
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Nagapattinam district|Nagapattinam]]
| established_title        = <!-- Established -->
| established_date         = 
| founder                  = 
| named_for                = 
| government_type          = Special Grade Town Panchayat
| governing_body           = Velankanni Special Grade Town Panchayat
| unit_pref                = Metric
| area_footnotes           = 
| area_total_km2           = 5.5
| area_rank                = 
| elevation_footnotes      = 
| elevation_m              = 29
| population_total         = 10144
| population_as_of         = 2001
| population_footnotes     = 
| population_density_km2   = auto
| population_rank          = 
| population_demonym       = 
| demographics_type1       = Languages
| demographics1_title1     = Official
| utc_offset1              = +5:30
| postal_code_type         = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code              = 611111
| area_code                = 04365
| area_code_type           = Telephone code
| registration_plate       = TN-51
| website                  = {{URL|www.nagapattinam.tn.nic.in/church.html}}
| footnotes                = 
| demographics1_info1      = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| official_name            = 
}}
'''Velankanni''' (''Vēḷāṅkaṇṇi''), is a [[Panchayati raj|Special Grade Panchayat Town]] in [[Nagapattinam district]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It lies on the [[Coromandel Coast]] of the [[Bay of Bengal]], 350&nbsp;km south of [[Chennai]] (Madras), 12&nbsp;km south of [[Nagapattinam]], and 33&nbsp;km southeast of [[Thiruvarur]].

A [[canal]] built to link this town with [[Vedaranyam]] still lies to the west. The Vellayar, a minor branch of the [[Cauvery River]], runs south of the town and discharges into the sea. The town was among the worst hit by the [[tsunami]] caused by the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]].

The town is home to one of the most visited [[Latin Church|Latin]] [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[shrines]] called the [[Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health]].

Velankanni has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for the [[Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana]] (HRIDAY) scheme of the Government of India.

==Demographics==
The [[2001 Census of India|2001 Indian census]] indicated Velankanni had a population of 10,145. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Citizens there have an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 68%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 64%. 12% of the population is under six years of age.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Velankanni town
|title=Population by religion community – 2011 
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|color1 = Orange
|value1 = 61.86
|label2 = [[Christianity]]
|color2 = Blue
|value2 = 31.18
|label3 = [[Islam]]
|color3 = Green
|value3 = 6.30
|label4 = Other
|color4 = Yellow
|value4 = 0.67
}}

== History ==
===2004 Tsunami===
{{See also|2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami}}
Velankanni town was among the worst hit by the massive 26 December [[tsunami]] that was triggered by the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]]. The tsunami struck at around 9.30 am on that Sunday, when pilgrims from [[Kerala]] were inside the church attending the [[Malayalam]] [[Mass (Catholic Church)|Mass]]. The rising water level did not enter the shrine, but the receding waters swept away hundreds of pilgrims who were on the beach.<ref name="RED">{{cite news|title=Velankanni: Death in the churchyard|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/dec/28iype1.htm |date=28 December 2004|access-date=21 August 2014|work= [[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

The shrine's compound, nearby villages, hundreds of shops, homes and pilgrims were washed away into the sea. About 600 pilgrims died.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|title=Tsunami sufferers question faith|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4382689.stm |date=27 March 2005|access-date=21 August 2014|work= [[BBC News]]}}</ref> Rescue teams extricated more than 400 bodies from the sand and rocks in the vicinity and large number of unidentified bodies were buried in mass graves.

==Geography==
[[File:St Sebastian Church.jpg|left|thumb|St Sebastian Church at the entrance of the city]]
Vailankanni is located {{convert|350|km}} south of [[Chennai]] and {{convert|14|km}} south of [[Nagapattinam]] on the [[Coromandel Coast]], at {{Coord|10.40|N|79.49|E|}} in [[Nagapattinam district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] [[States and union territories of India|state]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vailankanni.info/how-to-reach-velankanni/|title=How To Reach Velankanni &#124; Route Map &#124; Nagapattinam &#124; Vailankanni.info}}</ref>

===Climate===
{{Weather box/concise_C
| location=Velankanni, Tamil Nadu
| source=Climate-Data.org<ref name="Climate in velakanni -Data.org">
  "CLIMATE: VELANKANNI",
  Climate-Data.org. Web: [http://en.climate-data.org/location/50457/].</ref>
| 28.5|29.5|31.8|33.8|35.7|36.2|35.1|34.1|33.7|31.6|29.3|28.0<!--highs-->
| 21.9|22.8|24.3|26.2|26.8|26.3|26.3|25.2|25.3|24.6|23.4|22.4<!--lows-->
| 54|11|14|34|37|35|61|75|83|236|400|291<!--rain-->
}}

===Fauna===
[[Puntius sanctus]] is a rare species of [[barb (fish)|barb]] fish found exclusively on a small body of water at Velankanni<ref>Plamoottil, Dr. Mathews. Puntius sanctus, a new fish (cypriniformes: 
cyprinidae) species from Tamil Nadu, India. Bioscience Research 2020 17(1) P560-567</ref>

== Tourist Attractions ==
===Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health===
[[File:Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health in Velankanni, Tamil Nadu Entrance.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health]]
[[Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health]], one of the country's biggest [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Pilgrimage church|pilgrimage centres]] is located here. Devoted to [[Our Lady of Good Health]], it is popularly known as the "[[Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes|Lourdes]] of the East".<ref name="CWN"/> Its origins can be traced back to the 16th century. It is built in the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style, was modified by Portuguese and then further expanded later on due to the influx of pilgrims. The church building was raised to the status of [[basilica]] in 1962 by [[Pope John XXIII]].

Annually, 20 million pilgrims flock to the shrine from all over India and abroad,<ref name="RED"/> out of which an estimated 3 million people visit the shrine during its annual festival from 29 August to 8 September.<ref name="CWN">{{cite news|title=Hindus join in India's Marian pilgrimage|url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=53261 |date=3 September 2007|access-date=21 August 2014|work= Catholic World News}}</ref> The 11-day annual festival concludes with the celebration of the [[Nativity of Mary#Feast day|Feast of the Nativity of Mary]] on 8 September.<ref name="THH">{{cite news|title=Velankanni festival ends with feast mass|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/09/stories/2007090958170300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220092434/http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/09/stories/2007090958170300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 December 2007|date=9 September 2007|access-date=21 August 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Transportation ==
Vailankanni is well connected by road and rail to the rest of the country. The [[East Coast Road]] (ECR) that runs from Chennai to Kanyakumari, connects the town to the rest of the country. The nearest operational airports are [[Tiruchirappalli International Airport]], {{convert|165|km}} away and [[Chennai International Airport]], {{convert|300|km}} away.

=== Road ===
Due to the large number of pilgrims that visit this town, the [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation]] (TNSTC), [[State Express Transport Corporation]] (SETC) and several private bus operators ply to cities like [[Bengaluru]], [[Chennai]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Ernakulam]], [[Muvattupuzha]], [[Madurai]], [[Sengottai]], [[Nagercoil]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Thoothukudi]], [[Tirunelveli]] and [[Trivandrum]]. The [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation]] runs a daily bus service to [[Changanassery]] and [[Cherthala]].

The TNSTC–[[Kumbakonam]] division operates intercity buses to [[Tiruchirappalli]], [[Thanjavur]], [[Pudukkottai]], [[Karaikudi]], Tiruvarur, Kumbakonam, [[Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[Pattukkottai]], [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]], [[Karaikal]] and [[Nagapattinam]] from Velankanni.<ref name="TH2">{{cite news|title=Special buses to Velankanni|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/special-buses-to-velankanni/article583156.ece|date=20 August 2010|access-date=21 August 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

=== Rail ===
[[Velankanni railway station]] is a [[Rail terminus|terminal station]] on the 10-kilometre-long [[Nagapattinam]]–Velankanni [[broad-gauge]] line. The foundation stone of the line was laid in 1999 and it was completed in 2010 at a cost of Rs. 48 crores.<ref name="TH1">{{cite news|title=Nagapattinam–Velankanni BG line completed|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/nagapattinamvelankanni-bg-line-completed/article123871.ece|date=28 February 2010|access-date=21 August 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The line is part of the [[Tiruchirappalli railway division]] of [[Southern Railway zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]].

As of 2023, there are no daily regular trains operated between [[Chennai]] and [[Vailankanni]]. The [[Vasco da Gama–Velankanni Weekly Express]] between [[Vasco da Gama, Goa]] and Velankanni is operated by [[South Western Railway zone]].<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|title=A new weekly train to Vasco|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/A-new-weekly-train-to-Vasco/articleshow/9764902.cms|date=28 August 2011|access-date=22 August 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Apart from the express trains, two passenger trains are also operated daily, one each to [[Karaikal]] and [[Nagapattinam]]. Special trains are operated from places like [[Chennai]], [[Mumbai]], [[Secunderabad]], [[Bangalore]], [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]], [[Kollam]], [[Ernakulam]], [[Tirunelveli]] and [[Nagercoil]] during the months of August and September for the annual church feast.<ref name="TOI 2">{{cite news|title=Velankanni festival: Southern Railway to run special trains from Chennai, Nagercoil|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Velankanni-festival-Southern-Railway-to-run-special-trains-from-Chennai-Nagercoil/articleshow/48456324.cms|date=12 August 2015|access-date= 28 August 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Education ==
Our Lady of Health Higher Secondary School, Our Lady of Health Middle School, Our Lady of Health Elementary School, Infant Jesus Primary School (English Medium) and Christ the King High School Special School for Handicapped and Deaf & Dumb Children are five schools situated in Velankanni town.<ref name="ourladychurch">{{cite web|url=http://www.velankannichurch.com/pages/locationmap&campus/Location%20Map%20and%20Church%20Campus.html#Church_-_Campus_Map_1_|title=Details About Vailankanni Church Campus|work=www.velankannichurch.com|access-date=17 February 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Catholic Church in India]]
*[[Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Velankanni}}

* [http://www.vailankannishrine.net/ Shrine's official website]
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Christianity in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami]]
[[Category:Shrines to the Virgin Mary]]
[[Category:Marian apparitions]]
[[Category:Catholic pilgrimage sites]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Nagapattinam district]]