Editing Velvia

{{Short description|Brand of daylight-balanced color reversal film}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2010}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023|cs1-dates=y}}
{{Infobox photographic film
| name       = Velvia
| code       = RVP<!-- without number --><ref name="Paul_2006_Fujichrome"/>
| maker      = [[Fujifilm]]
| image      = Velvia50-135-box-top.jpeg
| speed      = [[ISO 50/18°]]
| format     = [[135 film|35mm]], [[120 film|120, 220]], [[sheet film|4×5&nbsp;in]], 8×10&nbsp;in, 13×18&nbsp;cm, [[Super 8 mm film|Super&nbsp;8]]<sup>†</sup>, [[16 mm film|16mm]]<sup>†</sup><br /><sup>†</sup>Third&nbsp;party
| type       = s
| balance    = d
| process    = [[E-6 process|E-6]]
| grain      = RMS 9
| latitude   = ±½ stop
| saturation = very high
| app        = Nature
| start      = 1990<!-- some sources state 1989 -->
| stop       = 2005<ref name="KW"/>
}}
{{Infobox photographic film
| name       = Velvia 50<!-- official name --> (Velvia II<!-- Fujifilm's provisional name in 2006 -->)
| code       = RVP50<!-- without space --><ref name="Paul_2006_Fujichrome"/>
| maker      = [[Fujifilm]]
| image      = Fujichrome RVP50.jpg
| speed      = [[ISO 50/18°]]
| format     = [[135 film|35mm]], [[120 film|120, 220<sup>*</sup>]], [[sheet film|4×5&nbsp;in]], 8×10&nbsp;in<sup>*</sup>, QuickLoad&nbsp;4×5&nbsp;in<sup>*</sup><br /><sup>*</sup>Discontinued<ref name="BJP_Discontinued"/><ref name="TalkPhotography"/>
| type       = s
| balance    = d
| process    = [[E-6 process|E-6]]
| grain      = RMS 9
| latitude   = ±½ stop
| saturation = very high
| app        = Nature
| start      = 2007<!-- some sources state: 2006 -->
}}
{{Infobox photographic film
| name       = Velvia 100
| image      = Fuji film Velvia.jpg
| caption    = Fuji Velvia 100 film cartridge
| code       = RVP 100<!-- with space --><ref name="Paul_2006_Fujichrome"/>
| speed      = [[ISO 100/21°]]
| format     = [[135 film|35mm]], [[120 film|120, 220]], [[sheet film|4×5&nbsp;in]], 8×10&nbsp;in
| grain      = RMS 8
| latitude   = ±½ stop
| saturation = very high
| app        = Nature
| start      = 2005
}}
{{Infobox photographic film
| name       = Velvia 100F
| code       = RVP 100F<!-- with space --><ref name="Paul_2006_Fujichrome"/>
| speed      = [[ISO 100/21°]]
| format     = [[135 film|35mm]], [[120 film|120, 220]], [[sheet film|4×5&nbsp;in]], 8×10&nbsp;in, 9×12&nbsp;cm, 13×18&nbsp;cm
| grain      = RMS 8
| latitude   = ±½ stop
| saturation = high
| color fidelity = high
| app        = Nature
| start      = 2002
| stop       = 2012 (Eur. NOAM)<ref name="BJP"/>
}}
'''Velvia''' is a brand of daylight-balanced [[transparency (photography)|color reversal]] [[photographic film|film]] produced by the Japanese company [[Fujifilm]]. The original version of the film, was introduced in 1990 as "Velvia for Professionals", and given the classification code "RVP" meaning "Reversal/Velvia/Professional series".<ref name="Paul_2006_Fujichrome"/> It is known for its extremely high level of color saturation and image quality.<ref name="Rockwell_Velvia50"/><ref name="EarthSea"/> It has brighter and generally more accurate color reproduction, finer grain, twice the speed, and a more convenient process ([[E-6 process|E-6]]). Kodachrome&nbsp;25 fell out of popularity a few years after Velvia was introduced (in part because of Kodak's lack of interest in promoting their film); Kodachrome 64 and 200 followed more slowly. Kodachrome 25 had previously been considered the film to which all other films had been compared, and cannot fairly be compared to Velvia, as Kodachrome is an entirely different process, in which the image is produced with "color clouds" more so than grain.

Velvia has the highest [[Angular resolution|resolving power]] of any slide film.<ref name="datasheet"/><ref name="GreenSiguanture"/> A 35&nbsp;mm Velvia slide can resolve up to 160 lines per mm.<ref name="FujifilmUSA_2004"/>

==Appearance==
<gallery>
Rivertree 1 md.jpg|Sunset over the [[St. Lawrence River]], shot on [[120 film|6x6 cm]] Velvia 50
Velviascene.jpg|[[Huntington Lake]], shot on [[135 film|35mm]] Velvia 50
</gallery>

Velvia has very saturated colors under daylight, high contrast, and exceptional sharpness. These characteristics make it the slide film of choice for many [[nature photography|nature photographers]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2014}}

==Speeds==
===Original Velvia===
The original Velvia was an [[film speed|ISO]] 50 film. In practice, many photographers used an [[exposure index]] (EI) of 40 or 32 to increase exposure slightly (one or two thirds of a [[f-number|stop]] respectively) in order to yield less saturated colors and more shadow detail.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rowell |first=Galen |title=Galen Rowell's Vision The Art Of Adventure Photography |publisher=Sierra Club Books |year=1993 |isbn=0-87156-458-0 |location=San Francisco |pages=89 |language=English}}</ref> It was discontinued in 2005.

===Velvia 50===
Velvia 50 (RVP50) was reintroduced, on the new film base, in 2007 after announcements under the provisional name Velvia II. The original Velvia had been discontinued because of difficulties in obtaining some of the raw materials needed to make the [[film emulsion|emulsion]]. Fuji [[R&D]] created a new emulsion which substituted different materials in its manufacture yet retained the appearance of the classic Velvia.<ref name="FujifilmUSA_PVP50"/>

===Velvia 100===
Velvia 100 was introduced in 2005, to replace the discontinued original Velvia.<ref name="BJP"/> It is about as saturated as the original version but was designed to be more accurate in color reproduction.<ref name="Velvia100"/> It used the new "Super-fine Sigma-crystal" technology which ended the need for larger grain size to achieve greater film speed. The newer speed also has finer grain (an [[RMS granularity]] value of 8), and uses the color correction layers found in [[Provia]] 100F. The Advanced DIR Technology releases developer inhibitors release compounds that regulate interlayer and edge effects yielding dramatic improvements in color reproduction. The color rendition of Velvia 100 was designed to record all colors even more accurately. Reciprocity failure was reduced for long exposures and dye stability extended. Fujichrome F transparency films held color accuracy for years of archival color stability, while Kodachrome films faded in less than 20 minutes of accrued projection.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}

On July 6, 2021, Fujifilm announced the discontinuation of Velvia 100 within the United States, effective immediately. The chemical phenol, isopropylated phosphate (3:1) (PIP (3:1)) (CASRN 68937-41-7), the use of which is banned under the EPA's Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), is present in minuscule quantities within the layers of the film. While Fujifilm believes the trace amount is not harmful to the environment, they opted to discontinue the film within the United States in compliance with the regulation. Their statement does not make it clear if the film will continue to be sold in other markets.<ref name="FUJICHROME_Velvia100"/>

===Velvia 100F===
Velvia 100F offers saturated colors, better color fidelity and higher contrast. It was introduced in 2002.<ref name="Velvia50"/> It was discontinued in 2012 in most formats and markets, and is now only sold as sheet film (4x5" and 8x10") exclusively in Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fujifilm.com/jp/ja/consumer/films/negative-and-reversal/jan?pSch501010110# |title=フィルム 価格表/JANコード |website=www.fujifilm.com |access-date=2021-10-17}}</ref><ref name="BJP_Discontinues_2"/><ref name="Talkb"/> Velvia 100F is less saturated than RVP50 and is accurate in color rendition with the exception of yellow. It exaggerates this color, especially when there is a slight yellowish cast in the scene. On film, this will be a deeper and more noticeable yellow. Skin color was rendered better.<ref name="PopPhoto_2008"/>

==Long exposure problems==
The original Velvia suffered much more from [[reciprocity failure]] than most other films. Exposing the film for as little as 16 seconds produced a color shift, typically to purple or green, depending on shooting conditions. Anything over four seconds requires the use of magenta color correction filters if correct color balance is required, exposures of 64 seconds and longer are "not recommended" by Fuji.<ref name="datasheet"/>

Velvia 100 is much better with long exposures: no reciprocity failure compensation is required for exposures shorter than 1 minute.<ref name="Datasheet_Velvia100"/>

==Velvia in cinematography==
Velvia film stock was available through 2006{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}} and was used for many commercials, but rarely for feature films. Its main use in movies was for shooting stock landscape shots and special-effects background plates. One example is the 1998 film ''[[What Dreams May Come (film)|What Dreams May Come]]'', which took place largely within a painting. After being discontinued, the closest replacement for the original Velvia film stock was Eterna Vivid 160, which produced roughly the same color effect while being more easily processed. In 2013 Fujifilm ended production of all motion picture film.<ref name="Fujifilm_Discontinued"/>

Since 2006, Velvia&nbsp;50&nbsp;D (also sold as ''Cinevia'') is available in [[Super 8 mm film|Super&nbsp;8]] via three independent companies, Pro8mm in the US, and GK Film and Wittner Kinotechnik in Europe. Spectra Film and Video has also been loading Fuji Velvia into Super&nbsp;8 cartridges and for [[16 mm film|16&nbsp;mm]]. They recently modified the Kodak-supplied cartridges to ensure a smoother transport of Velvia film through the cartridge.

==See also==
* [[Fortia (film)|Fortia]]
* {{ill|Astia (film){{!}}Astia|ja|アスティア}}
* [[Provia]]
* [[Sensia]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="BJP_Discontinued">{{cite web |url=http://www.bjp-online.com/british-journal-of-photography/news/2193030/fujifilm-discontinues-two-professional-films |title=British Journal of Photography |publisher=Bjp-online.com |access-date=2014-12-29}}</ref>
<ref name="TalkPhotography">{{cite web |url=http://www.talkphotography.co.uk/forums/showpost.php?p=5681160&postcount=24 |title=Looks like bad news for slides |work=Talk Photography |date=18 June 2013 |access-date=2014-12-29}}</ref>

<ref name="Talkb">{{cite web |url=http://www.talkphotography.co.uk/forums/showpost.php?p=5681160&postcount=24 |title=Looks like bad news for slides |work=Talk Photography |date=18 June 2013 |access-date=2014-12-29}}</ref>

<ref name="KW">{{cite web |url=http://www.kenrockwell.com/fuji/velvia-50.htm |title=Fuji Velvia 50 |access-date=2009-03-25}}</ref>

<ref name="BJP">{{cite web |url=http://www.bjp-online.com/british-journal-of-photography/news/2193030/fujifilm-discontinues-two-professional-films |title=British Journal of Photography |publisher=Bjp-online.com |access-date=2014-12-29}}</ref>

<ref name="Paul_2006_Fujichrome">{{cite web |title=RE: Neuer Diafilm: Fuji Provia 400X |language=de |trans-title=RE: New slide film: Fuji Provia 400X |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2006-09-26 |work=Minolta-Forum |url=https://www.so-fo.de/t12718f53-Neuer-Diafilm-Fuji-Provia-X-1.html#msg182131 <!-- This is the original forum post, on the original forum; so-fo.de is another domain of the same site mi-fo.de. The URL previously given here was not to the post but to the forum index, because the site uses frames and the address bar doesn't update when navigating. --> |access-date=2022-06-08 |trans-quote=<br />"RA" - Fujichrome Sensia II 100 (1997?), Sensia 100 ("New" (2000?) [Europa], Sensia III 100 [Japan]<br />"RAP 100" - Fujichrome Astia 100 Professional (1997)<br />"RAP 100F" (also "RAP F"?) - Fujichrome Astia 100F Professional (2003 - 2010)<br />"RD" - Fujichrome 100, Sensia 100 (original) (1994?) (reportedly also Sensia II 100?)<br />".RD"? - Fujichrome Sensia 100 (original) (1994?)<br />"RD II" - Fujichrome?<br />"RDP" - Fujichrome 100 D Professional (1993)<br />"RDP II" - Fujichrome Provia 100 Professional (1994)<br />"RDP III" - Fujichrome Provia 100F Professional (1999 - according to Gert Koshofer several modifications without name changes)<br />"RF" - Fujichrome 50 (1993)<br />"RFP" - Fujichrome 50 D Professional (1993)<br />"RH" - Fujichrome 400 (1993), Fujichrome Sensia 400, Sensia II 400<br />"RHP" - Fujichrome 400 D Professional (1993) (reportedly also Fujichrome Provia 400 Professional?)<br />"RHP II" - Fujichrome Provia 400 Professional (never produced according to an article by Gert Koshofer?)<br />"RHP III" - Fujichrome Provia 400F Professional (ca. 2001 - 2007)<br />"RXP" - Fujichrome Provia 400X Professional (2006/2007 - 2013)<br />"RM" - Fujichrome Sensia 200 (2000?), Sensia II 200<br />"RMS" - Fujichrome Multispeed MS 100/1000 Professional (1998) (ISO 100, [[Push processing|pushable]] to ISO 200 (P1), 400 (P2), 800 (P3), 1000 (P4))<br />"?" - Fujichrome 800?<br />"RSP" - Fujichrome 1600 D Professional (1993), Fujichrome Provia 1600 Professional<br />"RSP II" - Fujichrome P1600 D Professional<br />"RTP" - Fujichrome 64T Professional (ISO 64) (1993)<br />"RTP II" - Fujichrome 64T Type II Tungsten Professional (ISO 64) (1999?)<br />"RTP III"? - Fujichrome T64 Tungsten Professional (ISO 64) (2006)<br />"RVP" - Fujichrome Velvia Professional (ISO 50) (1989/1990 - 2005/2006)<br />"RVP50" - Fujichrome Velvia II? Professional (ISO 50) (2006/2007)<br />"RVP 100" - Fujichrome Velvia 100 Professional (2003/2005)<br />"RVP 100F" (also "RVP F"?) - Fujichrome Velvia 100F Professional (2002/2003 - 2012)<br />"?" - 'Cinevia' (Fujichrome Velvia 50 D in Super-8 cartridge) (2006)<br />"?" - Fujichrome fortia (ISO 50) (2004 - limited edition) [Japan]<br />"?" - Fujichrome fortia SP Professional (ISO 50) (2005 - limited edition) [Japan] (Known production batch "FUJI FORTIA SP-162" in 2006, "164-101" in 2007)<br />"?" - Fujichrome TREBI 100C (2001) [Japan]<br />"?" - Fujichrome TREBI 400 [Japan]<br />"CDU" - Fujichrome CDU Duplicating Film<br />"CDU II" - Fujichrome CDU II Duplicating Film (ISO 5 - 10)<br />"?" - Fujichrome 25 ix<br />"?" - Fujichrome 50 ix<br />"?" - Fujichrome 80 ix<br />"?" - Fujichrome 100 ix<br />"?" - Fujichrome 150 ix}} (NB. Comprehensive overview on Fujifilm Fujichrome slide film codes.)</ref><ref name="Rockwell_Velvia50">{{cite web |url=http://www.kenrockwell.com/fuji/velvia-50.htm |title = Fuji Velvia 50}}</ref><ref name="EarthSea">{{cite web|title=Super Film Shootout|publisher=Earth Sea Publishing|access-date=27 January 2023
|url=http://www.earthseapublishing.com/magazines/photographic/pdf/1990%207%20Super%20Film%20Shootout.pdf}}</ref><ref name="datasheet">{{cite web |url=http://www.fujifilm.com/products/professional_films/pdf/velvia_50_datasheet.pdf |title=Fuji Velvia |publisher=Fujifilm.com |access-date=2014-12-29}}</ref>
<ref name="GreenSiguanture">{{cite web |url=http://www.thegreensignature.com/darkroom.html |title=The Green Signature Darkroom |publisher=Thegreensignature.com |access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref>
<ref name="FujifilmUSA_2004">{{cite web |url=http://www.fujifilmusa.com/JSP/fuji/epartners/bin/Velvia50AF3-960E_1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927003542/http://www.fujifilmusa.com/JSP/fuji/epartners/bin/Velvia50AF3-960E_1.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-27 |title=FUJICHROME Velvia for Professionals (RVP) |publisher=[[Fujifilm]] |date=2004-02-25 |access-date=2007-06-10}}</ref>
<ref name="FujifilmUSA_PVP50">{{cite web |url=http://www.fujifilmusa.com/shared/bin/AF3-0221E2Velvia50PIB.pdf |title=FUJICHROME Velvia 50 Professional (RVP50) |publisher=[[Fujifilm]] |access-date=2009-03-25}}</ref>
<ref name="Velvia50">{{cite web |url=http://www.fujifilm.com/products/professional_films/color_reversalfilms/velvia_50/ |title=FUJICHROME Velvia 50 Professional |access-date=2011-01-17}}</ref>
<ref name="BJP_Discontinues_2">{{cite web |url=http://www.bjp-online.com/british-journal-of-photography/news/2193030/fujifilm-discontinues-two-professional-films |title=British Journal of Photography|publisher=Bjp-online.com |access-date=2014-12-29}}</ref>
<ref name="PopPhoto_2008">{{cite web |url=http://www.popphoto.com/gear/2008/12/velvia-100f-best-slide-film-ever |title = Velvia 100F: Best Slide Film Ever?| date=17 December 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Velvia100">{{cite web |url=http://www.fujifilm.com/products/professional_films/pdf/velvia_100_datasheet.pdf |title=Velvia 100 datasheet |access-date=2014-12-29 |publisher=Fujifilm Corporation}}</ref>
<ref name="Datasheet_Velvia100">{{cite web |url=http://www.fujifilm.com/products/professional_films/pdf/velvia_100_datasheet.pdf |title=FUJICHROME Velvia 100 Professional (RVP 100) |publisher=[[Fujifilm]] |access-date=2011-01-04}}</ref>
<ref name="Fujifilm_Discontinued">{{Cite web |url=http://www.fujifilm.com/products/motion_picture/discontinued/#See_All |title=Discontinued Films |work=Fujifilm Global |access-date=2019-02-28}}</ref>
<ref name="FUJICHROME_Velvia100">{{cite web |url=https://www.fujifilm.com/us/en/business/professional-photography/film/velvia-100 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706191235/https://www.fujifilm.com/us/en/business/professional-photography/film/velvia-100 |archive-date=2021-07-06 |title=FUJICHROME Velvia 100 |publisher=[[Fujifilm]] |access-date=2021-07-06}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
* {{commonscat-inline}}
* [http://www.fujifilmusa.com/products/professional_photography/film/fujichrome/index.html Fujichrome products page]
* [http://www.super8camera.com/super8filmstock/ Super8camera.com] for Velvia samples & other super-8mm stock.
{{Fujifilm}}

[[Category:Fujifilm photographic films]]
[[Category:Audiovisual introductions in 1990]]