Editing Veranda

{{Short description|Roofed, open-air hallway or porch}}
{{Other uses}}

{{More citations needed|date=January 2021}}
[[File:GrandeVerandah.jpg|"Grande" style|thumb|right]]
[[File:Harlaxton House.jpg|thumb|[[Harlaxton House]], Toowoomba, Queensland, 2014]]
A '''veranda''' (also spelled '''verandah''' in [[Australian English|Australian]] and [[New Zealand English]]) is a [[roof]]ed, open-air [[hallway]] or [[porch]], attached to the outside of a building.<ref>{{cite book
| first= John C.
| last= Poppeliers
| year= 1983
| title= What Style is it?
| publisher= John Wiley & Sons
| location= New York
| isbn= 0-471-14434-7
| page= [https://archive.org/details/whatstyleisitgui00popp_0/page/106 106]
| url-access= registration
| url= https://archive.org/details/whatstyleisitgui00popp_0/page/106
}}
</ref><ref name="chicago">{{cite web
|url=http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/contextualize.pl?p.2.hobson.1139052
|title=Glossary of Anglo-Indian words - Veranda
|publisher=University of Chicago
|access-date=2015-07-08
|archive-date=2021-01-01
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101082313/http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/contextualize.pl?p.2.hobson.1139052
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> A veranda is often partly enclosed by a [[handrail|rail]]ing and frequently extends across the front and sides of the structure.<ref>{{cite book
| first=Francis D.K.
| last= Ching
| year= 1995
| title= A Visual Dictionary of Architecture
| publisher=John Wiley and Sons
| location=New York
| isbn=  0-471-28451-3
| page= 25}}</ref>

Although the form ''verandah'' is correct and very common, some authorities prefer the version without an "h" (the ''[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]'' gives the "h" version as a variant and ''[[The Guardian|The Guardian Style Guide]]'' says
"veranda not verandah").<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/styleguide/v |title=Guardian and Observer style guide: V &#124; Info &#124; the Guardian |website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |access-date=2016-12-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121124142/http://www.theguardian.com/styleguide/v |archive-date=2014-01-21 }} ''[[The Guardian|The Guardian Style Guide]]''</ref> Australia's ''[[Macquarie Dictionary]]'' prefers ''verandah''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/features/word/search/verandah/|title=Macquarie Dictionary|website=www.macquariedictionary.com.au}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
''Veranda'', as used in the United Kingdom and France, was brought by the British from India ({{langx|hi|बरामदा}}, {{langx|ur|برآمدہ}}). While the exact origin of the word is unknown, scholars suggest that the word may have originated in India or may have been adopted from the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]]{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} and spread further to the British and French colonists.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Burnell |first1=A. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mnl0DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Veranda%22+etymology&pg=PR22 |title=Hobson-Jobson: Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words And Phrases |last2=Yule |first2=Henry |date=2018-10-24 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-60331-0 |language=en}}</ref> Ancient and medieval Indian texts on domestic architecture like [[Vastu shastra]] uses the word ''"Alinda"'' for this architectural feature.<ref name="auto">{{cite book |last1=Chakrabarti |first1=Vibhuti |title=Indian Architectural Theory and Practice: Contemporary Uses of Vastu Vidya |date=11 January 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-77882-7 |page=156 |language=en}}</ref>

== Architecture styles notable for verandas ==
===Australia===
[[File:Verandah of The Hollow.jpg|thumb|Winifred Rawson tending her son on the veranda of The Hollow, near Mackay, Queensland, ~1873]]
[[File:Listed dwelling house. Veranda. - 13 Molnár Street, Érd, Hungary.JPG|thumb|A heritage listed building in Hungary]]
The veranda has featured quite prominently in [[Australia]]n vernacular architecture and first became widespread in colonial buildings during the 1850s.  The [[Filigree architecture|Victorian Filigree architecture style]] is used by residential (particularly [[terraced houses in Australia]] and New Zealand) and commercial buildings (particularly [[hotel]]s) across Australia and features decorative screens of wrought iron, cast iron "lace" or wood fretwork.  The [[Queenslander (architecture)|Queenslander]] is a style of residential construction in [[Queensland]], Australia, which is adapted to subtropical climates and characterized in part by its large verandas, which sometimes encircle the entire house.

===Brazil===
The [[Bandeirantes|bandeirista]] style house from Brazil typically has a veranda positioned to face the sunrise.<ref name="ahaau">{{cite book |title=A History of Architecture and Urbanism in the Americas |last=Cardinal-Pett |first=Clare |year=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1317431244 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T4n4CgAAQBAJ |access-date=30 September 2016}}</ref>

===Hong Kong===
In Hong Kong, verandas often appear on the upper floor of the first to third generations of Tong Lau (shophouses) due to a lack of space since the 19th century.

===India===
[[File:Five Rathas at Mahabalipuram 2K22TNKAN (50).jpg|thumb|[[Bhima Ratha]] built in the form of a folk-house with verandah, 6th century CE.]]
Early known examples of verandah in domestic architecture come from [[Vastu shastra]] texts which lay out plans and describe methods to build houses, where ''alinda'' (veranda) is a common feature of domestic buildings.<ref name="auto"/> 

Porches were a natural idea in India, a mostly warm, tropical country. In Gujarat the porch area is called the ''otala'' and in the Hindi belt it is known as ''alinda''. These structures are not only used to cool off, but also as a centre of social life where neighbours can talk and kids play, or as a religious centre where rituals and worship of certain gods can take place.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343908887|title=(PDF) Traditional Pol Houses of Ahmedabad: An Overview}}</ref>

In Southern India, the term ''thinnai'' is used, and these structures are very common. This area serves a religious purpose in addition to a social one, and is the centre of everyday life for many.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mohanram |first1=Anupama |date=22 April 2022 |title=Why we need the thinnai |url=https://www.thehindu.com/real-estate/why-we-need-the-thinnai/article65299041.ece |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> [[Konkan]]'s architecture is influenced by nature. It is sustainable and cost-effective. In Konkan traditional architecture, the veranda is called ''otti'', a semi-open space with low seating covered with a permanent roof. It serves as a transition space leading to an enclosed environment. Sometimes the sides are covered by wooden [[jali]] walls. It offers a temporary resting space to house members during the afternoon and evening.

===Japan===
[[File:Escapement street of Takada.jpg|thumb|Gangi-Zukuri in Takada area of [[Jōetsu, Niigata|Jōetsu City]]]]
In regions with heavy snowfall, especially [[Aomori Prefecture|Aomori]] and [[Niigata Prefecture|Niigata]] prefectures, structures called Gangi-Zukuri ([[:ja:雁木造]]) have been developed since the [[Edo period]]. For example, the total length of Gangi in [[Jōetsu, Niigata|old Takada city]] is over 16 Kilometers.<ref>[http://joetsukankonavi.jp/spot-en.php?id=199 Gangi Dori (covered walkways)] Joetsu Information Web Site</ref>

=== Poland ===
In Poland, the word "weranda" is commonly used for the unheated roofed annex to a house, without walls or with glass walls.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}

===Sri Lanka===
In Sri Lanka, verandas' original derivation was from traditional vernacular architecture and are known as ''"Pila"'' in Sinhalese. Both front and rear veranda examples are also known and common feature in local vernacular architecture.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ariyawansa |first1=R. G. |last2=Udawattha |first2=C. |last3=Prabodhya |first3=S. |date=2021 |title=A Review of Ancient Built Environment Property Standards of Sri Lanka |url=http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/11089 |language=en |website=DSpace Repository - University of Sri Jayewardenepura}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mehjabeen Ratree |first1=Sabrina |title=Proceedings Article |last2=Farah |first2=Nuzhat |last3=Shadat |first3=Shariful |date=2020 |isbn=9786056824395 |pages=216–226 |chapter=Vernacular Architecture of South Asia: Exploring Passive Design Strategies of Traditional Houses in Warm Humid Climate of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka |doi=10.38027/n212020iccaua316262}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tucker |first1=Simon |last2=Gamage |first2=Arosha |last3=Wijeyesekera |first3=Chitral |date=1 January 2014 |title=Some design aspects of sustainable post-disaster housing |journal=International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=163–181 |doi=10.1108/IJDRBE-06-2012-0019 |issn=1759-5908}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pieris |first1=Anoma |date=25 October 2018 |title=Sovereignty, Space and Civil War in Sri Lanka: Porous Nation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lfl0DwAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-24632-3 |language=en}}</ref> Traditionally, domestic vernacular architecture layouts were also influenced by Sri Lankan Buddhist ''[[Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra]]'' text, which in turn was influenced by Indian ''[[Vastu Shastra]]'' texts.<ref>{{cite book |last=Marasinghe |first=E. W. |title=The Vastuvidya Sastra ascribed to Manjusri (Sanskrit Text with English Translation) |date=1989 |publisher=Sri Satguru Publications |isbn=8170301998}}</ref>

===United States===
The [[Buildings and architecture of New Orleans#Creole townhouse|Creole townhouse]] in [[New Orleans|New Orleans, Louisiana]], is also noted for its prominent use of verandas. In fact, most houses constructed in the [[Southern United States]] before the advent of [[air conditioning]] were built with a covered front porch or veranda.

[[Spanish Colonial architecture]] (as well as the "Mission style" revivalist version that became popular in the Western United States in the early 1900s) commonly incorporates verandas, both on the exterior of buildings and, in cases of buildings with courtyards, along the interior walls of courtyards. In some cases, homes were constructed with every room opening into a courtyard veranda, rather than interior corridors or direct connections to other rooms.

==See also==
{{Portal|Architecture}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Awning]]
*[[Baldresca]]
*[[Canopy (building)|Canopy]]
*[[Deck (building)|Deck]]
*[[Engawa]]
*[[Gallery (disambiguation)#Buildings and spaces|Gallery (disambiguation)]]
*[[Lanai (architecture)]]
*[[Loggia]]
*[[Overhang (architecture)]]
*[[Patio]]
*[[Porch sitting]]
*[[Portico]]
*[[Shophouse]]
*[[Terrace (building)|Terrace]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{EB1911 poster|Verandah}}
*[http://archnet.org/forum/view.tcl?message_id=11372 Archnet discussion forum on Verandah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312023950/http://archnet.org/forum/view.tcl?message_id=11372 |date=2007-03-12 }}
*[http://www.britishempire.co.uk/science/architecture/architecture.htm British Empire Architecture]
*[https://www.littleireland.co.uk/2019/09/victorian-verandah.html Glazed Victorian Verandah with 13 cast-iron fluted Gothic columns]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130516224159/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/offices/comm/csj/040601/sinha.shtml Ajay Sinha Discovers Experimentation in Ancient Indian Temple Design]
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[[Category:Architectural elements]]
[[Category:Hindi words and phrases]]
[[Category:Shading (architecture)]]