Editing Vernon and Irene Castle

{{short description|British-American ballroom dancing duo}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
[[Image:Vernon and Irene Castle2 crop.jpg|thumb|right|250px| Irene and Vernon Castle, {{circa|1912|lk=yes}}]]
'''Vernon and Irene Castle''' were a husband-and-wife team of [[ballroom dance]]rs and dance teachers who appeared on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] and in silent films in the early 20th century. They are credited with reviving the popularity of [[modern dancing]]. Castle was a stage name: Vernon (2 May 1887 – 15 February 1918) was born '''William Vernon Blyth''' in England. Irene (7 April 1893 – 25 January 1969) was born '''Irene Foote''' in the United States.

The couple reached the peak of their popularity in [[Irving Berlin]]'s first [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] show, ''[[Watch Your Step (musical)|Watch Your Step]]'' (1914), in which they refined and popularized the [[Foxtrot (dance)|Foxtrot]]. They also helped to promote ragtime, jazz rhythms and [[African-American music]] for dance. Irene became a fashion icon through her appearances on stage and in early movies, and both Castles were in demand as teachers and writers on dance.

After serving with distinction as a pilot in the British [[Royal Flying Corps]] during World War&nbsp;I, Vernon died in a plane crash on a flight training base near Fort Worth, Texas, in 1918. Irene continued to perform solo in Broadway, vaudeville and motion picture productions over the next decade. She remarried three times, had children and became an activist for [[animal welfare]]. In 1939, her life with Vernon was dramatized in ''[[The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle]]''.

==Rise to fame==
[[Image:Modern Dancing (1914) - Vernon and Irene Castle - Illustration 04b (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|A hands-free [[Tango (dance)|Tango]] step that the Castles originated; photograph from their 1914 bestseller ''Modern Dancing'']]
Vernon, the son of a pub owner, was born on 2 May 1887 and raised in [[Norwich]], Norfolk. Initially training to become a civil engineer, he moved to New York in 1906 with his sister, [[Coralie Blythe]], and her husband [[Lawrence Grossmith]],<ref>Lawrence was a son of [[George Grossmith]], the Victorian comic actor, singer and writer known for his work with [[Gilbert and Sullivan]]</ref> both established actors. There he was given a small part on stage by [[Lew Fields]], which led to further acting work, and he became established as a comic actor, singer, dancer and conjuror, under the stage name Vernon Castle.<ref name=IED>Cohen, Selma Jeanne. "Castle, Irene and Vernon", ''International Encyclopedia of Dance'', vol. 1, Oxford University Press, 1998 pp. 78–80</ref> As a dancer in comedic roles, his specialty was playing a gentleman drunk, who elegantly fell about the stage while trying to hide his condition.<ref name=IED/>

Irene was born on 7 April 1893 in [[New Rochelle, New York|New Rochelle]], New York,<ref>[https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.94.10 "Irene Foote Castle"], National Portrait Gallery, accessed 11 April 2021</ref> the daughter of a physician. She studied dancing and performed in several amateur theatricals before meeting Vernon Castle at the New Rochelle Rowing Club in 1910. With his help, she was hired for her first professional job, a small dancing part in "The Summer Widowers".<ref name=Bride>{{cite news |title=Actor Vernon Castle Weds. Miss Irene Foote of New Rochelle Bride of Zowie of 'The Hen Pecks' |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/05/29/104781648.pdf |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=29 May 1911 }}</ref>

On 28 May 1911, the two were married in Irene's hometown, New Rochelle.<ref name=Bride/> After their wedding, Irene joined Vernon in ''The Hen-Pecks'' (1911), a production in which he was a featured player. The couple then traveled to Paris to perform in a dance revue. The show closed quickly, but the Castles were then hired as a dance act by the [[Café de Paris (Monaco)|Café de Paris]] in Monaco. They performed the latest American [[ragtime]] dances, such as the [[Turkey trot (dance)|Turkey Trot]] and the [[Grizzly Bear (dance)|Grizzly Bear]]. The two were soon the rage of Parisian society; their success was widely reported in the United States, preparing their way for a triumphant return to New York in 1912.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}

When they returned to the U.S., their success was repeated on a far wider scale. Making their New York debut in 1912 at a branch of the Cafe de Paris operated by Louis Martin, who had given them their start in Paris, the duo were soon in demand on stage, in [[vaudeville]] and in motion pictures. They also became staples of [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]]. Among their shows were ''[[The Sunshine Girl]]'' (1913) and ''[[Watch Your Step (musical)|Watch Your Step]]'' (1914), which boasted [[Irving Berlin]]'s first score, written for the Castles.<ref name=IED/> In this extravaganza, the couple refined and popularized the [[Foxtrot (dance)|Foxtrot]]. After its New York run, ''Watch Your Step'' toured through 1916.<ref>Golden, pp.</ref>

In 1914, the couple opened a dancing school in New York called "Castle House", a nightclub called "Castles by the Sea" on the Boardwalk in [[Long Beach, New York]], and a restaurant, "Sans Souci". At Castle House, they taught New York society the latest dance steps by day and greeted guests and performed at their club and cafe at night. They also were in demand for private lessons and appearances at fashionable parties. Despite their fame, they often found themselves treated as hired [[menial]]s; if a rich client was too demanding, Vernon would quote a fee of a thousand dollars an hour for lessons and often get it.<ref name=IED/>

==Film and fashion==
[[File:Vernon_and_Irene_Castle_dance_Maxixe_in_two_sketches_by_Marguerite_Martyn_1914.jpg|thumb|right| [[Marguerite Martyn]] sketched the Castles dancing the [[Maxixe (dance)|maxixe]] in 1914.]]
[[Image:IreneCastle-hoop-1914.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Irene, costumed by [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lucile]] for ''[[Watch Your Step (musical)|Watch Your Step]]'', 1914]]
As America's premier dance team, the Castles were trendsetters in a number of arenas. Their enthusiasm for dance encouraged admirers to try new forms of social dance. Considered paragons of respectability and class, the Castles specifically helped remove the stigma of vulgarity from close dancing. The pair's image as a harmoniously married couple further promoted the [[Progressive Era]] ideals of a wholesome domestic relationship that was achievable through social dance.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malnig |first=Julie |date=1997 |title=Two-Stepping to Glory: Social Dance and the Rhetoric of Social Mobility |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25757912 |journal=Etnofoor |volume=10 |issue=1/2 |pages=128–150 |jstor=25757912 |issn=0921-5158}}</ref> The Castles' performances, often set to ragtime and jazz rhythms, also popularized [[African-American music]] among well-heeled whites. The Castles appeared in a newsreel called ''Social and Theatrical Dancing'' in 1914 and wrote a bestselling instructional book, ''Modern Dancing'', later that year. The pair also starred in a feature film called ''The Whirl of Life'' (1915), which was well received by critics and public alike.

As the couple's celebrity increased in the mid-1910s, Irene Castle became a major fashion trendsetter, initiating the vogue for shorter, fuller skirts and loose, elasticized corsets.<ref>Castle, Vernon and Irene. ''Modern Dancing'' (1914), pp. 145–47</ref> She is also credited with introducing American women in 1913 or 1914 to [[Bob cut|the bob]] – the short, boyish hairstyle favored by [[flapper]]s in the 1920s.<ref>[http://blog.fidmmuseum.org/museum/2010/06/irene-castle-dancing-cap.html "Irene Castle dancing cap"], FIDM Museum, 1 June 2010, accessed 13 January 2015</ref> The elegant, yet simple, flowing gowns Irene wore on stage and screen were regularly featured in ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', ''[[Harper's Bazaar]]'' and other fashion magazines. These were often supplied by the famous couturier [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lucile]], but Irene also designed some of her clothes herself.<ref>"Lucile Goes A-Rainbow-Chasing to Gown Mrs. Vernon Castle", ''Vogue'', 1 February 1915, p. 52; "Irene Castle Treman Pauses to Delight in the Loveliness of Costumes by Lucile", ''Vogue'', 1 February 1921, p. 46; and Bigham, Randy Bryan. ''Lucile – Her Life by Design'' (2012), 140–45</ref> The slender, elegant Castles were pioneers in other ways: they traveled with a black orchestra, [[James Reese Europe]]'s Society Orchestra,<ref>[http://www.redhotjazz.com/eso.html "Europe's Society Orchestra"], Red Hot Jazz Archive (rehotjazz.com), accessed 19 September 2013</ref> and had an openly [[lesbian]] manager, [[Elisabeth Marbury]].

The Castles endorsed [[Victor Records]] and [[Victrola]]s, issuing records by the Castle House Orchestra, led by [[James Reese Europe]], a pioneering figure in [[African-American]] music. They also lent their names to advertising for other products, from cigars and cosmetics to shoes and hats.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}

==World War I: Vernon's death==
In 1915, Vernon decided to fight in [[World War I]] and began flight school in the U.S., leaving the touring cast of ''Watch Your Step''. He received his pilot's certificate in early 1916. The Castles gave two farewell performances at the [[New York Hippodrome|Hippodrome Theatre]] in New York in January 1916, accompanied by [[John Philip Sousa]] and his band.<ref>Golden, chapter 24</ref> Vernon sailed for England to enlist as a pilot in the [[Royal Flying Corps]] during [[World War I]].<ref>Golden, chapter 25</ref> Flying over the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]], he completed 300 combat missions,<ref name=CrashSite>[http://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/13035 "Vernon Castle Airplane Crash Site Memorial"], RoadsideAmerica.com, accessed 13 February 2014</ref> shot down two aircraft and was awarded the {{Lang|fr|[[Croix de guerre 1914-1918 (France)|Croix de Guerre]]|italic=no}} in 1917. Posted to Canada to train new pilots at [[Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory|Camp Mohawk]] in Ontario, he took part in concerts in the evenings.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vee |first=Roger |title=Flying Minnows |publisher=[[John Hamilton Ltd, London]] |year=1935 |edition=Revised 1977 |pages=38}}</ref> He was promoted to captain, and then transferred with the rest of his unit to the U.S. for winter training at [[Camp Taliaferro]].

[[File:Vernon-Castle-Plane-1918-2.jpg|thumb|left|Captain Vernon Castle a few days before his death in 1918]]
Late in 1917, while he was away, Irene appeared in a star-studded revue, ''[[Miss 1917]]''. Although she was singled out for praise by reviewers, she was unhappy performing on stage alone: "I found myself hopelessly lost as a solo number. I had no training for dancing alone and I should never have tried it."<ref name=Eve>Golden, p. 191</ref> Though successful with critics, the revue failed to attract an audience; at least not enough of one to pay for the lavish production.<ref name=Eve/><ref>Jasen, David A. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9L2kjKQ8CvYC&pg=PA71 ''P.G. Wodehouse: A Portrait of a Master''], Music Sales Group (2002), pp. 71–72</ref> Castle's specialty song was challenged on copyright grounds, and management cut it. In addition, her act in the show was scheduled for late in the evening, which conflicted with her early morning film work. As the show failed, she and others were let go by the producers. She later sued successfully, but by then the production company was bankrupt.<ref name=Eve2>Golden, p. 192</ref> For the rest of 1917, she made well-received appearances on behalf of war charities.<ref name=Eve2/>

On 15 February 1918, over [[Benbrook Field]], a training field near [[Fort Worth, Texas]], Vernon took emergency action shortly after takeoff to avoid a collision with another aircraft. His plane stalled, and he was unable to recover control before the plane hit the ground. He died soon after the crash, aged 30.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vernon Castle Dies in Airplane Fall. Killed at Fort Worth Avoiding Collision That Threatened Lives of Three. Won Captaincy at Front. Numerous Deaths in Training Call Attention to the Need of Skilled Inspectors. Castle's Spectacular Feats. Skilled Inspectors Needed. Vernon Castle's Career. Starred on the Stage |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F00E4DF113FE433A25755C1A9649C946996D6CF&legacy=true |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=16 February 1918 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Military Rites Held For Captain Castle. Army and Civilians Pay Tribute at Fort Worth. Body Sent to New York |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D00EEDF113FE433A25754C1A9649C946996D6CF&legacy=true |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=17 February 1918 }}</ref> Vernon was the only casualty. According to the monument at the crash site, "Neither the other pilot, his student cadet, nor Vernon's pet monkey, Jeffrey, were seriously injured."<ref name=CrashSite/> Irene paid tribute to Vernon in her memoir ''My Husband'', 1919. There is a street in [[Benbrook, Texas]], named in his honor, with a monument dedicated to him. Vernon was buried in [[Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx)|Woodlawn Cemetery]] in [[the Bronx]], New York.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bury Capt. Castle Today. Funeral Will Be Conducted with Military Honors |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B04E1DE1F38E533A2575AC1A9649C946996D6CF&legacy=true |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=19 February 1918 }}</ref> The grieving memorial figure kneeling on the grave was created by Irene's friend, the American sculptor [[Sally James Farnham]].<ref>Bady, David and Elisabeth Lorin. [https://www.lehman.edu/vpadvance/artgallery/publicart/sites/woodlawn.html "Woodlawn Cemetery"], "Public Art in the Bronx", [[Lehman College]], accessed 1 January 2023</ref>

==Irene's further marriages and later years==
[[File:Entrance sign for Destiny Farm, Arkansas.jpg|thumb|150px|Sign designed by Irene Castle for Destiny Farm in [[Eureka Springs]]]] 
On 3 May 1919, Irene married Robert E. Treman, the scion of a prominent [[Ithaca, New York|Itaca]], New York family.<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30712F7345F157A93C6A9178ED85F4D8185F9 "Irene Castle, Bride of Captain Treman"], ''The New York Times'', 4 May 1919</ref> They resided in Ithaca's newly cut Cayuga Heights subdivision, north of [[Cornell University]]. Irene starred in about a dozen [[silent film]]s between 1917 and 1924, including ''[[Patria (1917 film)|Patria]]'' (1917), and appeared in several more stage productions before retiring from show business. Treman reportedly invested Castle's money and lost it in the stock market. They divorced in 1923. She married two more times; the same year, she married [[Frederic McLaughlin]] (a man 16 years her elder), and two years after he died in 1944, she married George Enzinger, an advertising executive from Chicago, who died in 1959. During her marriage to "Major" McLaughlin, who was the founding owner of the [[Chicago Blackhawks]], she is credited with designing the original sweater for the Blackhawks Hockey Club.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/3815/sweater.htm |title="The Blackhawks Sweater" |access-date=10 October 2010 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090730222857/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/3815/sweater.htm |archive-date=30 July 2009 }}, Geocities.com, accessed 30 July 2009</ref> She had two children with McLaughlin, Barbara McLaughlin Kreutz (1925–2003), who became Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences at [[Bryn Mawr College]], and William Foote McLaughlin (1929–2012).<ref>Golden, pp. 233 and 248</ref>

Around 1930, "the best-dressed woman in America" presented serialized, quarter-hour radio dramatizations of her European travels with her husband, bulldog Zowie, and Walter ("father's coloured servant") around the capitals of Europe in "The Life of Irene Castle". Only one episode (episode #4) is known to exist.<ref>The recording of episode #4 is in the audio archive of the J. Fred and Leslie W. MacDonald Collection at the [[Library of Congress]].</ref> In 1939, the Castles' lives were turned into a movie, ''[[The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle]]'', produced by [[RKO]] and starring [[Fred Astaire]] and [[Ginger Rogers]]. [[Edna May Oliver]] played their agent, and [[Lew Fields]] was his 33 years younger self. Irene Castle served as a [[technical advisor]] on the film, but clashed with Rogers, who refused to wear Castle's trademark short bob or darken her hair.<ref>Golden, p. 243</ref> She objected to Rogers' inauthentic wardrobe demands, although a number of Castle's original Lucile gowns were copied for the movie. Castle also protested the hiring of white actor [[Walter Brennan]] to play their faithful friend and manservant Walter, who was black.<ref>Golden, p. 244</ref> In 1958, she appeared as a guest challenger on the TV panel show ''[[To Tell the Truth]]''.<ref>[http://www.ovguide.com/tv_season/to-tell-the-truth-season-2-75871 "Watch to Tell the Truth Season 2 Full Episodes"], Online Video Guide, accessed 8 December 2015</ref> 

[[Image:Vernon & Irene Castle Headstone 1024.jpg|thumb|left|upright=.81|Vernon and Irene Castles' grave]]
Castle and her fourth husband moved to Destiny Farm in [[Eureka Springs, Arkansas|Eureka Springs]], Arkansas, in 1954.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1964&dat=19580303&id=cgcjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=i80FAAAAIBAJ&pg=864,623288&hl=en "Irene Castle Proves No Fan of Sad Sack"], ''The Palm Beach Post'', 3 March 1958, p. 5</ref>

===Animal welfare===
By the 1920s, and for the rest of her life, Castle was a staunch activist for animal welfare and [[anti-vivisection]].<ref name="Golden 234">Golden, pp. 234–235</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Cullen |first= Frank |date=2007 |title=Vaudeville, Old & New: An Encyclopedia of Variety Performers in America|volume=1 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Vaudeville_old_new/XFnfnKg6BcAC |publisher=Routledge |page=206 |isbn=0-415-93853-8 |access-date=}}</ref> She spoke at events for the Maryland and New York Anti-Vivisection societies.<ref name="Golden 234"/> In 1931, she called for the arrest of her neighbour William Schroeder, a pig farmer, on charges of cruelty to his animals. In response, Schroeder filed false-arrest charges of $10,000 against her. She won the case two years later.<ref name="Golden 234"/> She founded the [[Riverwoods, Illinois|Riverwoods]], Illinois, animal shelter "Orphans of the Storm" in 1928, which was still active as of 2025.<ref>[http://www.orphansofthestorm.org/About/IreneCastle.html "Our History: About – Irene Castle and Orphans of the Storm"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704183055/http://www.orphansofthestorm.org/About/IreneCastle.html |date=4 July 2008 }}, Orphans of the Storm, accessed 3 March 2012</ref><ref>{{cite web| publisher=Orphans of the Storm| title=In the beginning| url=https://orphansofthestorm.org/about/history | accessdate=2023-06-20}}</ref>

===Death===
Irene died at her Arkansas farm on 25 January 1969, aged 75.<ref>{{cite news |title=Irene Castle, Dancer, Dies at 75. Was Toast of World War I Era. She and Husband, Vernon, Started 'Castle Walk' Craze. Fought Vivisectionists |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C0CE6DD133BE73ABC4E51DFB7668382679EDE&legacy=true |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=26 January 1969 }}</ref> She was interred with Vernon at [[Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx)|Woodlawn Cemetery]] in New York City.<ref>[http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Castle-Vernon-and-Irene.html "Vernon and Irene Castle Biography"], ''Encyclopedia of World Biography, accessed 23 July 2015</ref>

==Gallery==
{{multiple image | align = center| direction = horizontal | header = '''<big>Irene Castle modeling fashions of 1916–1917</big>''' | header_align = center | header_background = | footer = "Mrs. Vernon Castle who set to-day's fashion in outline of costume and short hair for the young woman of America. For this reason and because Mrs. Castle has form to a superlative degree (correct carriage of the body) and the clothes sense (knowledge of what she can wear and how to wear it) we have selected her to illustrate several types of costumes, characteristic of 1916 and 1917." &ndash; Emily Burbank, ''Woman as Decoration'' (1917)<ref>Burbank, Emily. ''Woman as Decoration''. New York, Dodd, Mead and Company, 1917, online as {{gutenberg|bullet=none|name=Woman as Decoration|no=18901}}</ref>
 | footer_align = left | footer_background = | image1 = Irene Castle Ball Gown before 1917.jpg | width1 = 199 | caption1 = Ball costume
 | image2 = Irene Castle Summer Costume before 1917.jpg | width2 = 200 | caption2 = Summer afternoon costume
 | image3 = Irene Castle walking costume before 1917.jpg |width3 = 192 |caption3 = Costumed à la guerre for ''[[Patria (1917 film)|Patria]]'' (1917)
 | image4 = Irene Castle Winter Costume before 1917.jpg | width4 = 192 | caption4 = Winter afternoon costume}}
<!--[[File:Irene Castle 1916.png|thumb|right|Irene Castle, 1916]]-->
{{clear}}

==Associated dances==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
*[[Bunny hug]]
*[[Castle Walk]]
*[[Foxtrot]]
*[[Grizzly Bear (dance)|Grizzly Bear]]
{{Col-break}}
*[[Waltz#Style|Hesitation Waltz]]
*[[Maxixe (dance)|Maxixe]]
*[[Tango (dance)|Tango]]
*[[Turkey trot (dance)|Turkey Trot]]
{{Col-break}}
{{col-end}}

==Filmography of Irene Castle==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| {{center|1915}}
| ''The Whirl of Life''
| Self
|
|-
| rowspan="5"|{{center|1917}}
| ''[[Patria (1917 film)|Patria]]''
| Patria Channing/Elanie
| Credited as Mrs. Vernon Castle (role #2), partially [[lost film]]
|-
| ''[[Stranded in Arcady]]''
| Lucy Millington
| Credited as Mrs. Vernon Castle, lost film
|-
| ''[[The Mark of Cain (1917 film)|The Mark of Cain]]''
| Alice
| Credited as Mrs. Vernon Castle
|-
| ''[[Sylvia of the Secret Service]]'' 
| Sylvia Carroll
| rowspan="5"|Lost film
|-
| ''[[Vengeance Is Mine (1917 film)|Vengeance Is Mine]]'' 
| Paula Farrington
|-
| rowspan="5"|{{center|1918}}
| ''[[Convict 993]]'' 
| Roslyn Ayre
|-
| ''[[The Hillcrest Mystery]]''
| Marion Sterling
|-
| ''The Mysterious Client'' 
| Jeanne Darcy
|-
| ''[[The First Law (film)|The First Law]]''
| Norma Webb
|
|-
| ''The Girl from Bohemia'' 
| Alice Paige
| rowspan="9"|Lost film
|-
| rowspan="3"|{{center|1919}}
| ''[[The Common Cause (film)|The Common Cause]]'' 
| France (prologue)
|-
| ''[[The Firing Line]]''
| Sheila Cardross Malcourt
|-
| ''[[The Invisible Bond]]'' 
| Marcia Crossey
|-
| {{center|1920}}
| ''[[The Amateur Wife]]'' 
| Justine Spencer
|-
| rowspan="4"|{{center|1922}}
| ''The Broadway Bride'' 
| Role unconfirmed
|-
| ''[[French Heels]]'' 
| Palma May
|-
| ''[[No Trespassing (1922 film)|No Trespassing]]'' 
| Mabel Colton
|-
| ''[[Slim Shoulders]]'' 
| Naomi Warren
|-
|}

==Filmography of Vernon Castle==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| {{center|1915}}
| ''The Whirl of Life''
| Self
|
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of dancers]]

==References==
;Notes
{{reflist}}

;Sources
*Golden, Eve. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Kg4hJLFOie4C&pg=PA248 ''Vernon and Irene Castle's Ragtime Revolution''], University Press of Kentucky, 2007, {{ISBN|081312459X}}

==Further reading==
* Castle, Irene. ''Castles in the Air'', Doubleday, 1958
* Castle, Irene. ''My Husband'', Scribner, 1919
* Castle, Irene (as told to Ada Patterson). "How to Be Happily Married," ''[[Photoplay]]'', June 1921, p.&nbsp;42.
* Castle, Vernon and Irene Castle. ''Modern Dancing'', Harper & Brothers, 1914
* Hunt, C. W. ''Dancing in the Sky'', Dundurn Press, 2009

==External links==
{{Library resources box|by=yes|onlinebooksby=yes|lcheading=Castle, Irene, 1893-1969}}
{{external media | width = 240px | float = right | video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwEynCHGdwU Vernon and Irene Castle in ''The Whirl of Life'' (1915)]}}
*{{commons category-inline}}
*{{wikisource-inline|Modern Dancing|''Modern Dancing'' by Vernon and Irene Castle|single=true}}
*{{IBDB name|34885|Vernon Castle}}
*{{IBDB name|84768|Irene Castle}}
*{{IMDb name|0145333|Vernon Castle}}
*{{IMDb name|0145274|Irene Castle}}
*{{TCMDb title|2955|The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070622083020/http://journeys.libsyn.com/index.php?post_year=2005&post_month=08 Radio Nostalgia Network – "Radio Journeys"], Episode 17, including "The Life of Irene Castle"
*[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=musdi&fileName=240/musdi240.db&recNum=0 U.S. Library of Congress; American Memory. Dance Instruction Manuals: ''Modern Dancing'' By Mr. and Mrs. Vernon Castle]
*{{YouTube|id=Lms5OxZlGBw|title=Video: ''The Castle Walk'' (1915)}}
*{{LCAuth|n80063356|Irene Castle|19|}}
{{Authority control|additional=auto}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Castle, Vernon and Irene}}
[[Category:American ballroom dancers]]
[[Category:British ballroom dancers]]
[[Category:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)]]
[[Category:Entertainer duos]]
[[Category:Modern dancers]]
[[Category:Married couples]]
[[Category:People from Carroll County, Arkansas]]
[[Category:People from Eureka Springs, Arkansas]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)]]
[[Category:American animal welfare workers]]
[[Category:American vaudeville performers]]
[[Category:American anti-vivisectionists]]
[[Category:British vaudeville performers]]
[[Category:People from Long Beach, New York]]