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{{Short description|Genus of plants}} {{For|the surname|Vigna (surname)}} {{Italic title}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Vigna unguiculata Blanco2.286-cropped.jpg | image_caption = [[Cowpea]] (''Vigna unguiculata'') | display_parents = 3 | taxon = Vigna | authority = [[Gaetano Savi|Savi]] (1824), nom. cons. | subdivision_ranks = Subgenera | subdivision = *''Ceratotropis'' *''Haydonia'' *''Lasiospron'' *''Plectrotropis'' *''Vigna'' | synonyms = *''Azukia'' <small>Takah. ''ex'' Ohwi (1953)</small> *''Callicysthus'' {{small|Endl. (1833)}} *''Geolobus'' <small>Raf. (1836)</small> *''Haydonia'' <small>R.Wilczek (1954)</small> *''Liebrechtsia'' <small>De Wild. (1902)</small> *''Phasellus'' {{small|Medik. (1787)}} *''Plectrotropis'' <small>Schumach. (1827)</small> *''Rudua'' {{small|Maek. (1955)}} *''Scytalis'' <small>E.Mey. (1836)</small> *''Voandzeia'' <small>Thouars (1806)</small> |synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325971-2 ''Vigna'' Savi] . ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 19 August 2023.</ref> }} '''''Vigna''''' is a [[genus]] of plants in the legume family, [[Fabaceae]], with a [[pantropical]] distribution.<ref name=ait>Aitawade, M. M., et al. (2012). [http://www.iaat.org.in/Rheedea22_20-27.pdf Section ''Ceratotropis'' of subgenus ''Ceratotropis'' of ''Vigna'' (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) in India with a new species from northern Western Ghats.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235258/http://www.iaat.org.in/Rheedea22_20-27.pdf |date=December 2, 2013 }} ''Rheedea'' 22(1), 20-27.</ref> It includes some well-known cultivated species, including many types of [[bean]]s. Some are former members of the genus ''[[Phaseolus]]''. According to ''Hortus Third'', ''Vigna'' differs from ''Phaseolus'' in [[biochemistry]] and [[pollen]] structure, and in details of the [[Style (botany)|style]] and [[stipule]]s. ''Vigna'' is also commonly confused with the genus ''[[Dolichos (plant)|Dolichos]]'', but the two differ in [[Stigma (botany)|stigma]] structure.<ref>{{cite book |title= Agricultural Varieties of the Cowpea and Immediately Related Species |url= https://archive.org/details/agriculturalvari00pipe |issue= 229 |series= Bulletin (United States. Bureau of Plant Industry) |author= Charles Vancouver Piper |publisher= U.S. Government Printing Office |year= 1912 |page= [https://archive.org/details/agriculturalvari00pipe/page/7 7]}}</ref> ''Vigna'' are herbs or occasionally [[shrub|subshrubs]]. The leaves are [[pinnate]], divided into 3 leaflets. The [[inflorescence]] is a [[raceme]] of yellow, blue, or purple pea flowers. The fruit is a legume pod of varying shapes containing seeds.<ref name=china>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=134572 ''Vigna''.] Flora of China.</ref> Familiar food species include the [[adzuki bean]] (''V. angularis''), the [[Vigna mungo|black gram]] (''V. mungo''), the [[cowpea]] (''V. unguiculata'', including the variety known as the black-eyed pea), and the [[mung bean]] (''V. radiata''). Each of these may be used as a whole bean, a bean paste, or as [[bean sprout]]s. The genus is named after [[Domenico Vigna]], a seventeenth-century [[Italian people|Italian]] [[botanist]] and director of the [[Orto botanico di Pisa]].<ref>Charters, M. [http://www.calflora.net/southafrica/1T-Z.html Plant Names T-Z.] The Eponym Dictionary of Southern African Plants.</ref> ==Uses== Root tubers of ''Vigna'' species have traditionally been used as food by the [[Aboriginal Australians|Indigenous Peoples]] of the [[Northern Territory]].<ref name=NTflora>NTFlora Northern Territory Flora online:[http://eflora.nt.gov.au/viewfile?file_id=1707 ''Flora of the Darwin Region: Fabaceae.''] Retrieved 10 June 2018</ref> ==Selected species== [[File:Cow-pea (Vigna luteola) (6728299493).jpg|thumb|right|''[[Vigna luteola]]'']] [[File:Starr 050517-1591 Vigna marina.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Vigna marina]]'']] The genus ''Vigna'' contains at least 90 species,<ref name=ait/><ref name=china/><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Delgado-Salinas A, Thulin M, Pasquet R, Weeden N, Lavin M | year = 2011 | title = ''Vigna'' (Leguminosae) ''sensu lato'': the names and identities of the American segregate genera | journal = [[American Journal of Botany|Am J Bot]] | volume = 98 | issue = 10 | pages = 1694–715 | doi = 10.3732/ajb.1100069 | pmid = 21980163| bibcode = 2011AmJB...98.1694D }}</ref> including: {{div col|colwidth=350px}} ===Subgenus ''Ceratotropis''=== *''[[Vigna aconitifolia]]'' <small>(Jacq.) Maréchal</small>—moth bean, mat bean, Turkish gram *''[[Vigna angularis]]'' <small>(Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi</small>—adzuki bean, red bean **''Vigna angularis'' var. ''angularis'' <small>(Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi</small> **''Vigna angularis'' var. ''nipponensis'' <small>(Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi</small> *''[[Vigna glabrescens]]'' <small>Maréchal ''et al''.</small> *''[[Vigna grandiflora]]'' <small>(Prain) Tateishi & Maxted</small> *''[[Vigna hirtella]]'' <small>Ridley</small> *''[[Vigna minima]]'' <small>(Roxb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi</small> *''[[Vigna mungo]]'' <small>(L.) Hepper</small>—black gram, black lentil, white lentil, urd-bean, urad bean **''Vigna mungo'' var. ''silvestris'' <small>Lukoki, Maréchal & Otoul</small> *''[[Vigna nakashimae]]'' <small>(Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi</small> *''[[Vigna nepalensis]]'' <small>Tateishi & Maxted</small> *''[[mung bean|Vigna radiata]]'' <small>(L.) Wilczek</small>—mung bean, green gram, golden gram, mash bean, green soy, celera-bean, Jerusalem-pea **''Vigna radiata'' var. ''radiata'' <small>(L.) Wilczek</small> **''Vigna radiata'' var. ''sublobata'' <small>(Roxb.) Verdc.</small> *''[[Vigna reflexopilosa]]'' <small>Hayata</small>—Creole-bean **''Vigna reflexopilosa'' var. ''reflexopilosa'' <small>Hayata</small> **''Vigna reflexopilosa'' var. ''glabra'' <small>Tomooka & Maxted</small> *''[[Vigna riukiuensis]]'' <small>(Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi</small> *''[[Vigna stipulacea]]'' <small>Kuntze</small> *''[[Vigna subramaniana]]'' <small>(Babu ex Raizada) M. Sharma</small> *''[[Vigna tenuicaulis]]'' <small>N. Tomooka & Maxted</small> *''[[Vigna trilobata]]'' <small>(L.) Verdc.</small>—jungle mat bean, jungli-bean, African gram, three-lobe-leaved cowpea *''[[Vigna trinervia]]'' <small>(Heyne ex Wall.) Tateishi & Maxted</small> *''[[Vigna umbellata]]'' <small>(Thunb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi</small>—ricebean, red bean, climbing mountain-bean, mambi bean, Oriental-bean ===Subgenus ''Haydonia''=== *''[[Vigna monophylla]]'' <small>Taub.</small> *''[[Vigna nigritia]]'' <small>Hook. f.</small> *''[[Vigna schimperi]]'' <small>Baker</small> *''[[Vigna triphylla]]'' <small>(R. Wilczek) Verdc.</small> ===Subgenus ''Lasiospron''=== *''[[Vigna diffusa]]'' <small>(Scott-Elliot) A. Delgado & Verdc.</small> *''[[Vigna juruana]]'' <small>(Harms) Verdc.</small> *''[[Vigna lasiocarpa]]'' <small>(Mart. ex Benth.) Verdc.</small> *''[[Vigna longifolia]]'' <small>(Benth.) Verdc.</small> *''[[Vigna schottii]]'' <small>(Bentham) A. Delgado & Verdc.</small> *''[[Vigna trichocarpa]]'' <small>(C. Wright ex Sauvalle) A. Delgado</small> *''[[Vigna vexillata]]'' <small>(L.) A. Rich.</small>—zombi pea, wild cowpea **''[[Vigna vexillata var. angustifolia]]'' **''Vigna vexillata'' var. ''youngiana'' ===Subgenus ''Vigna''=== *''[[Vigna ambacensis]]'' <small>Welw. ex Bak.</small> *''[[Vigna angivensis]]'' <small>Baker</small> *''[[Vigna filicaulis]]'' <small>Hepper</small> *''[[Vigna friesiorum]]'' <small>Harms</small> *''[[Vigna gazensis]]'' <small>Baker f.</small> *''[[Vigna hosei]]'' <small>(Craib) Backer</small>—Sarowak/Sarawak bean *''[[Vigna luteola]]'' <small>(Jacq.) Benth.</small>—Dalrymple vigna *''[[Vigna membranacea]]'' <small>A. Rich.</small> **''Vigna membranacea'' subsp. ''caesia'' <small>(Chiov.) Verdc.</small> **''Vigna membranacea'' subsp. ''membranacea'' <small>A. Rich.</small> *''[[Vigna monantha]]'' <small>Thulin</small> *''[[Vigna racemosa]]'' <small>(G. Don) Hutch. & Dalziel</small> *''[[Vigna subterranea]]'' <small>(L.) Verdc.</small>—Bambara groundnut, Congo goober, hog-peanut, jugo bean, ''njugumawe'' ([[Swahili language|Swahili]]) (sometimes separated in ''Voandzeia'') *''[[Vigna unguiculata]]'' <small>(L.) Walp.</small>—cowpea, crowder pea, Southern pea, Reeve's-pea, snake-bean **''Vigna unguiculata'' subsp. ''cylindrica''—[[Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica|catjang]] **''Vigna unguiculata'' subsp. ''dekindtiana''—wild cowpea, African cowpea, Ethiopian cowpea **''Vigna unguiculata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis''—[[Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis|yardlong bean]], long-podded cowpea, asparagus bean, Chinese long bean, pea-bean **''Vigna unguiculata'' subsp. ''unguiculata''—[[Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata|black-eyed pea]], black-eyed bean ===[[Incertae sedis]]=== <!-- Vigna adenantha was reclassified as Leptospron adenanthum. --> <!-- Vigna aristata was reclassified as Lablab purpureus. --> <!-- Vigna antillana was reclassified as Sigmoidotropis antillana. --> <!-- Vigna candida was reclassified as Condylostylis candida. --> <!-- Vigna caracalla was reclassified as Cochliasanthus caracalla. --> *''[[Vigna comosa]]'' *''[[Vigna dalzelliana]]'' *''[[Vigna debilis]]'' <small>Fourc.</small> *''[[Vigna decipiens]]'' *''[[Vigna dinteri]]'' <small>Harms</small> *''[[Vigna dolichoides]]'' <small>Baker in Hooker f.</small> <!-- Vigna elegans was reclassified as Sigmoidotropis elegans. --> <!-- Vigna firmula was reclassified as Ancistrotropis arrabidae. --> *''[[Vigna frutescens]]'' <!-- Vigna gentryi was reclassified as Leptospron gentryi. --> *''[[Vigna gracilis]]'' <!-- Vigna hookeri was reclassified as Helicotropis hookeri. --> *''[[Vigna kirkii]]'' *''[[Vigna lanceolata]]''—pencil yam, Maloga-bean, parsnip-bean, ''merne arlatyeye'' ([[Arrernte language|Arrernte]]) <!-- Vigna latidenticulata was reclassified as Condylostylis latidenticulata. --> <!-- Vigna linearis was reclassified as Helicotropis linearis. --> *''[[Vigna lobata]]'' <small>(Willd.) Endl.</small> *''[[Vigna lobatifolia]]'' *''[[Vigna marina]]'' <small>(Burm.f.) Merr.</small>—dune-bean, notched cowpea, sea-bean, ''mohihihi'', ''nanea'' ([[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]]) <!-- Vigna megatyla was reclassified as Sigmoidotropis megatyla. --> *''[[Vigna multiflora]]'' *''[[Vigna nervosa]]'' *''[[Vigna oblongifolia]]'' *''[[Vigna owahuensis]]'' <small>Vogel</small>—Oahu cowpea *''[[Vigna parkeri]]''—creeping vigna <!-- Vigna peduncularis was reclassified as Ancistrotropis peduncularis. --> *''[[Vigna pilosa]]'' <!-- Vigna polytyla was reclassified as Sigmoidotropis polytyla. --> <!-- Vigna speciosa was reclassified as Sigmoidotropis speciosa. --> <!-- Vigna spectabilis was reclassified as Helicotropis spectabilis. --> <!-- Vigna subhastata was reclassified as Ancistrotropis subhastata. --> <!-- Vigna venusta was reclassified as Condylostylis venusta. --> <!-- Vigna vignoides was reclassified as Condylostylis vignoides. --> {{div col end}} ==References== {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category}} {{unimelb|Vigna.html}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q132634}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Vigna| ]] [[Category:Fabaceae genera]] [[Category:Pantropical flora]]
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