Editing Villanella

{{Short description|Form of light Neapolitan secular vocal music}}
{{About|the Italian vocal music form|the French-originated poetic form|Villanelle|the fictional character in [[Killing Eve]]|Villanelle (character)}}
In music, a '''villanella''' ({{IPA|it|villaˈnɛlla}}; plural villanelle) is a form of light [[Naples|Neapolitan]] secular vocal music which originated in the Kingdom of Naples just before the middle of the 16th century.  It first appeared in [[Naples]], and influenced the later [[canzonetta]], and from there also influenced the [[madrigal (music)|madrigal]].

The subject matter is generally rustic, comic, and often satirical; frequently the mannerisms of art music, such as the madrigal, are a subject of parody.  The [[rhyme scheme]] of the verse in the earlier Neapolitan forms of the villanelle is usually {{not a typo|abR abR abR ccR}}, where "R" is a refrain repeated exactly.  The villanelle became one of the most popular forms of song in Italy around mid-century.

The music of the early villanella (known as the canzone villanesca) is invariably for three unaccompanied voices.  The first composers of villanelle were the Neapolitans [[Giovanni Domenico da Nola]] and [[Giovan Tomaso di Maio]]; later composers, no longer from Naples, included [[Adrian Willaert]], [[Luca Marenzio]], [[Adriano Banchieri]], [[Orlande de Lassus]], and others.

== References ==
* [[Denis Arnold]], "Vilanella", ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', first edition, edited by [[Stanley Sadie]] (London: Macmillan Publishers, 1980): 19:770–773.
* [[Gustave Reese]], ''Music in the Renaissance'' (New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954). {{ISBN|0-393-09530-4}}
* {{Full citation needed|date=November 2016}}<!--At least the article title is needed.--> ''The New Harvard Dictionary of Music'', edited by Don Randel (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1986). {{ISBN|0-674-61525-5}}
* Donna G. Cardamone, ''The Canzone Villanesca alla Napolitane and Related Forms, 1537-1570'' (Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1981). {{ISBN|0-8357-1184-6}}.
* Donna G. Cardamone, "The Debut of the Canzone Villanesca alla Napolitana". ''Studi Musicali'' 4 (1975): 65–75.
* Donna G. Cardamone, "'Madrigali a Tre et Arie Napolitane' – A Typographical and Repertorial Study". ''Journal of the American Musicological Society'' 35, no. 3 (1982): 436–481.
* Concetta Assenza, ''La canzonetta dal 1570 al 1615'' (Lucca: LIM, 1997). {{ISBN|88-7096-177-X}}.

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[[Category:Renaissance music]]
[[Category:Baroque music]]
[[Category:Italian music history]]
[[Category:Classical music styles]]