Editing Vincenzo Coronelli

{{Short description|Italian Franciscan friar, cosmographer, cartographer, publisher, and encyclopedist}}
{{Refimprove|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox person 
| name        = Vincenzo Coronelli
| image       = Coronelli Portrait 2.JPG
| alt         = 
| caption     = Coronelli from the frontispiece of the folio edition of ''Atlante Veneto'', c. 1710
| birth_name  = Vincenzo Maria Coronelli
| birth_date  = {{Birth date|1650|08|16}}
| birth_place = [[Venice]], [[Republic of Venice]]
| death_date  = {{Death date and age|1718|12|09|1650|08|16}} 
| death_place = Venice, Republic of Venice
| nationality = 
| other_names = 
| known_for   = Paris Globes, ''Atlante Veneto''
| occupation  = Cartographer, friar, encyclopedist
| parents = Maffio Coronelli and Caterina Coronelli
}}

'''Vincenzo Maria Coronelli''' (August 16, 1650 – December 9, 1718) was an Italian [[Franciscans|Franciscan]] [[friar]], [[cosmographer]], [[cartographer]], [[publisher]], and encyclopedist known in particular for his [[atlas]]es and [[globe]]s. He spent most of his life in [[Republic of Venice|Venice]].

==Biography==
Vincenzo Coronelli was born, probably in [[Venice]], on August 16, 1650, the fifth child of a Venetian tailor named Maffio Coronelli. At ten, young Vincenzo was sent to the city of [[Ravenna]] and was apprenticed to a [[xylographer]].  In 1663 he was accepted into the [[Conventual Franciscans]], becoming a [[novice]] in 1665.  At age sixteen he published the first of his one hundred forty separate works.  In 1671 he entered the Convent of Saint Maria Gloriosa dei Frari in Venice, and in 1672 Coronelli was sent by the order to the [[Collegium San Bonaventura|College of Saint Bonaventura and Saints Apostoli]] in [[Rome]] where he earned his doctor’s degree in [[theology]] in 1674.  He excelled in the study of both [[astronomy]] and [[Euclid]].  A little before 1678, Coronelli began working as a [[geographer]] and was commissioned to make a set of terrestrial and celestial [[globe]]s for [[Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma]].  Each finely crafted globe was five feet in diameter (c. 175&nbsp;cm) and so impressed the Duke that he made Coronelli his theologian.<ref>“Le Hall des Globes: Exposition permanente des Globes de Coronelli à la BnF,” press release, (Paris: Bibliothèque nationale de France, 2006), 6-7.</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= Libro dei Globi|last= Coronelli|first= Vincenzo |year= 1693|location= Venice |pages= v}}</ref><ref>James Lawrence Fuchs, “Vincenzo Coronelli and the Organization of Knowledge: The Twilight of Seventeenth-Century Encyclopedism” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1983), 4-7.</ref><ref>Ermano Armao, Vincenzo Coronelli, Cenni Sull’uomo e la Sua Vita (Firenze: Bibliopolis, 1944), 1-16ff.</ref> Coronelli's renown as a theologian grew and in 1699 he was appointed Father General of the Franciscan order.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.old-church-galleries.com/biog_19_CORONELLI.asp |title=Old Church Galleries |access-date=2009-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509061235/http://www.old-church-galleries.com/biog_19_CORONELLI.asp |archive-date=2008-05-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Later life===

Coronelli worked in various European countries in the following years, before permanently returning to [[Venice]] in 1705. Here he started his own cosmographical project and published the volumes of ''[[Atlante Veneto]]''. In his home city he founded the very first geographical society, the {{Ill|Accademia Cosmografica degli Argonauti|pl|Akademia Argonautów}} in 1684. He also held the position of Cosmographer of the Republic of Venice.<ref>Anastasia Stouraiti, "Propaganda figurata: geometrie di dominio e ideologie veneziane nelle carte di Vincenzo Coronelli",'' Studi veneziani'' 44 (2002), 129-155</ref> Later six volumes of the ''[[Biblioteca Universale Sacro-Profana]]'' were published by Coronelli. This was a kind of [[encyclopedia]], its compiled entries ordered alphabetically.

Coronelli died at the age of 68 in Venice, having created hundreds of maps in his lifetime.  

The [[International Coronelli Society for the Study of Globes]], founded 1952 in Vienna, is named in Coronelli’s honor.

==Globes for Louis XIV==
[[Image:Coronelli globe terrestre.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The terrestrial globe Coronelli made for Louis XIV.]]
[[Image:Coronelli globe celeste.jpg|thumb|upright|The celestial globe Coronelli made for Louis XIV.]]

Cardinal [[César d'Estrées]], friend and adviser to [[Louis XIV]] and ambassador to Rome, saw the Duke of Parma’s globes and invited Coronelli to Paris in 1681 to construct a pair of globes for the [[Most Christian King]].  Coronelli moved to the French capital in 1681, where he lived for two years.  Each globe was composed of spindles of bent timber about ten feet long and four inches broad at the equator.  This wood was then coated with a layer of plaster about an inch thick and covered in a layer of strong unfinished fabric.  This was then wrapped in a quarter-inch layer of two very fine fabrics which provided backing for the painted information of the globes.<ref>Monique Pelletier, “Les Globes de Louis XIV: les Sources françaises de l’oeuvre de Coronelli,” Imago Mundi 34 (1982): 78.</ref>  These globes, measuring 384&nbsp;cm in diameter<ref>The diameter is of 487 cm with meridians and horizon circles.</ref> and weighing approximately 2 tons, are displayed in the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France|Bibliothèque nationale François Mitterrand]] in Paris.<ref>Monique Pelletier, “Les Globes de Louis XIV: les Sources françaises de l’oeuvre de Coronelli,” Imago Mundi 34 (1982): 78.</ref>  The globes depicted the latest information of French explorations in North America, particularly the expeditions of [[René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tucker |first1=Gene Rhea |year=2008 |title=Coronelli's Texan Mississippi: A Reinterpretation of the ''America Settentrionale'' of 1688 |journal=[[Terrae Incognitae (journal)|Terrae Incognitae]] |volume=40 |pages=82–101 |doi=10.1179/tin.2008.40.1.82 |s2cid=129122931 }}</ref>

==Current locations of 110cm globes==
Other 110cm diameter Coronelli globes are at 

* the [[National Library of Austria]] (two pairs of 110cm diameter globes are on display in the Prunksaal) 
* a pair in the [[Globe Museum]] in Vienna, 
* in the library of [[Stift Melk]], 
* in [[Trier]], [[Prague]], 
* [[Paris]], 
* the [[British Library]], [[London]] (celestial globe only), 
* [[Washington D.C.]], 
* the [[Palazzo Poggi]] in [[Bologna]] (terrestrial globe only), 
* [[Palazzo Sacchetti]] in Rome, 
* the Museo della Specola in Bologna (terrestrial globe only),
* the [[Observatory of Strasbourg]] (celestial globe only)
* a pair at [[Nieborów Palace#The museum|Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie]] in Poland,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Taborska|first=Malgorzata|date=June 2020|title=Antique Globes in Poland|journal=IMCOS Journal|volume=161 (June 2020)|pages=25–27}}</ref>
* [[Poznań Town Hall]] (terrestrial globe only)<ref name=":0" />
* a pair in the Biblioteca Federiciana in [[Fano]]. 
* Having been restored and completed, another 1688 terrestrial globe is displayed at the Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library of [[Texas Tech University]] in [[Lubbock, Texas]]. 
* The Ransom Center at The University of Texas in Austin has a pair of Coronelli globes both the 1688 Terrestrial and the Celestial (n.d.).
* a pair in the [[Biblioteca Marciana]] in Venice
* a pair in the Library Angelo Mai in Bergamo, while another two globes are now in restoration being part of the FAI project "Save the Globes".
{{clr|left}}

==Selected maps==
[[File:Coronelli America Settentrionale Colle Nuove Scoperti fin all' Anno 1688 UTA.jpg|thumb|''America Settentrionale Colle Nuove Scoperte fin all' Anno 1688'', from [[Atlante Veneto]]]]
[[File:Vincenzo Coronelli03.jpg|thumb|The siege of [[Koroni|Coron]] in Greece by the Venetians during the [[Morean War]]]]
[[File:1690 Coronelli Map of Ethiopia, Abyssinia, and the Source of the Blue Nile - Geographicus - Abissinia-coronelli-1690.jpg|thumb|"Abissinia, doue sono le Fonti del Nilo descritta secondo le relationi de P.P. Mendez, Almeida, Pais, Lobo, e Lodulfo del P. M. Coronelli M.C. Cosmografo della Seren. Rep. di Venetia"--Vincenzo Coronelli (1690)]]
#1690-91 ''[[Atlante Veneto]]''
#1696-97 ''Isolario dell' Atlante Veneto''
#1996 ''Londra''
#1692 ''Corso geografico universale''
#1695 Re-issued
#1693 ''Epitome Cosmografica''
#1693 ''Libro dei Globi''
#1701 Re-issued
#1695 ''World Map''
#1696 ''Pacific Ocean''

==Partial bibliography==
* ''Morea, Negroponte & Adiacenze'' (1686).
* ''Atlante Veneto'' (1691 - 1696).
* ''Ritratti de celebri Personaggi'' (1697).
* ''Lo Specchio del Mare'' (1698).
* ''Singolarità di Venezia'' (1708-1709).
* ''Roma antico-moderna'' (1716).

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* {{DBI |title= CORONELLI, Vincenzo |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/vincenzo-coronelli_(Dizionario-Biografico)|last= De Ferrari|first= Augusto|volume= 29}}
* [http://expositions.bnf.fr/globes/index.htm Les globes du Roi Soleil, exposition de la BNF]
* [http://www.bnf.fr/pages/zNavigat/frame/cultpubl.htm?ancre=exposition_599.htm Hall des Globes] (bibliothèque nationale de France)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20001121225400/http://geoweb.venezia.sbn.it/geoweb/HSL/Coronelli/Coronelliana.html List of the works of Vincenzo Coronelli (1650-1718) at the Marciana National Library, Venice]
* [http://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/greece/koroni/maps/coronelli_1686_koroni.html Picture of one of Coronelli's maps of the Koron fortress, Greece], excellent quality
* [http://www.cromosema.it/ars/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=372&Itemid=48  Reconstructions of the globes of Vincenzo Coronelli]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051107110544/http://lazarus.elte.hu/%7Ezoltorok/Cartartweb/cartart_maps.htm  Original technology 42 " diam. Coronelli globe]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040102194447/http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/greavesandthomas/facsimile/globe_coronellis.html Pictures of facsimiles of Coronelli's 1688 & 1693 terrestrial and celestial globes]
* Six plates from Coronelli's [http://contentdm.lindahall.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/astro_atlas/id/1403/rec/8 ''Epitome cosmografica''] of 1693: facsimiles of his only flat printed maps, at Linda Hall Library.
* [http://www.technologies.c2rmf.fr/3D/coronelli High resolution 3D visualization] of the [[Louis XIV]] globes made by the [[C2RMF]]
* ''[http://balat.kikirpa.be/object/20061622 Sphère céleste]'', 1688
* ''[http://balat.kikirpa.be/object/20041714 Sphère terrestre]'', 1688


{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Coronelli, Vincenzo}}
[[Category:17th-century Italian cartographers]]
[[Category:Republic of Venice scientists]]
[[Category:1650 births]]
[[Category:1718 deaths]]
[[Category:Catholic clergy scientists]]
[[Category:Conventual Friars Minor]]
[[Category:Ministers General of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual]]
[[Category:Italian encyclopedists]]
[[Category:Italian engravers]]
[[Category:17th-century Venetian writers]]
[[Category:18th-century Venetian writers]]
[[Category:Globe makers]]